A multi-stage particle sizing apparatus

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multistage granularity grading equipment relates to gas purification and industrial dust removal equipment technical field, including jar body, the support mechanism of fixed setting in the lower part of jar body peripheral wall, the conical cylinder of fixed setting in the inside of jar body, set up multistage gradient filter assembly on the conical cylinder, set up on the conical cylinder upper end and inside on -line dust cleaning disturbance mechanism, the first grading dust collecting chamber and second grading dust collecting chamber of fixed sleeve joint in the upper part of jar body from top to bottom in proper order, the first scrape and drop material -removal mechanism of setting in the first grading dust collecting chamber, set up the airtight dust collection mechanism of the first grading dust collecting chamber lower extreme and set up the second scrape and drop material -removal mechanism in the second grading dust collecting chamber. The utility model can realize the efficient depth purification of dust -bearing gas, and the purified gas can be directly discharged up to standard, and dust is classified according to particle size at the same time, and the resource is recovered, has the advantages of on -line anti -blocking, full -sealing continuous operation, high degree of automation, wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of gas purification and industrial dust removal equipment, specifically a multi-stage particle size classification device. Background Technology

[0002] Dust-laden gas treatment is a core aspect of industrial environmental management and control, widely applied in numerous industrial sectors such as mining, building materials processing, chemical production, metallurgical smelting, new energy lithium battery material preparation, and pharmaceutical powder production. The purification efficiency of dust-laden gas directly determines whether an enterprise's air pollutant emissions meet standards and whether occupational health and safety at the production site are compliant. Simultaneously, the resource recovery of dust directly impacts the enterprise's raw material utilization rate and economic benefits. Currently, the most widely used dust removal equipment in industrial production falls into three main categories: cyclone dust collectors, baghouse dust collectors, and electrostatic precipitators. Among these, baghouse dust collectors have become the mainstream equipment due to their wide applicability and relatively stable dust removal efficiency; however, significant technical shortcomings still exist in practical applications.

[0003] Existing dust collection equipment faces inherent technical contradictions when handling high-concentration, wide-range dust-laden gases: traditional cyclone dust collectors are highly efficient at capturing coarse dust particles larger than 10μm, but extremely inefficient at capturing fine dust particles smaller than 5μm, failing to meet current ultra-low emission requirements; while baghouse dust collectors can capture fine particles, their filter bags are easily clogged by dust when dealing with high-concentration dust-laden gases, causing a continuous surge in equipment operating resistance. This necessitates frequent shutdowns for pulse cleaning or filter bag replacement, severely impacting continuous production line operation and significantly increasing labor maintenance costs and production capacity losses due to equipment downtime. Furthermore, most existing dust collection equipment can only achieve uniform mixed dust collection, failing to classify and recover dust by particle size. The recovered dust is a mixture of coarse and fine particles, meaning that coarse particles with reuse value cannot be directly reused in production processes and must be disposed of as solid waste, resulting in severe resource waste. Furthermore, existing dust collection and discharge structures have significant shortcomings. Most adopt a simple gravity-feed hopper structure, which makes it easy for the collected dust to accumulate, bridge, and caking within the hopper. This is especially true for ultrafine dust, which is prone to problems such as poor discharge, uneven discharge, or even complete blockage of the discharge port, making it impossible to achieve stable and continuous discharge. At the same time, the open gravity-feed structure is prone to secondary dust generation, polluting the production environment and endangering the health of on-site workers. It cannot meet the requirements of fully enclosed, continuous, environmentally friendly, and safe production in modern industrial production.

[0004] Therefore, developing a dust removal device that can efficiently and deeply purify dust-laden gas, simultaneously capture and recover dust according to particle size, has online self-cleaning and anti-clogging functions, and can operate continuously and stably for a long time has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing dust removal equipment, such as low fine particulate dust collection efficiency, easy clogging of filter elements, frequent shutdown for maintenance, inability to classify and recycle dust, poor operational continuity, and insufficient environmental performance. This invention provides a multi-stage particle size classification device with the advantages of high-efficiency deep dust removal and purification, gradient classification and collection, online self-cleaning and anti-clogging, dust classification and resource recovery, fully enclosed continuous operation, and high degree of automation, thus solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A multi-stage particle size classification device includes a tank, a support mechanism fixedly disposed on the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank, a conical cylinder fixedly disposed inside the tank, a multi-stage gradient filter assembly disposed on the conical cylinder, an online dust removal and turbulence mechanism disposed on the upper end and inside of the conical cylinder, a first and a second stage dust collection chamber fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank from top to bottom, a first scraping discharge mechanism disposed in the first stage dust collection chamber, a sealed dust collection mechanism disposed at the lower end of the first stage dust collection chamber, a second scraping discharge mechanism disposed in the second stage dust collection chamber, a sealed output mechanism disposed at the lower end of the second stage dust collection chamber, a coarse ash discharge mechanism disposed at the lower end of the tank, and a clean gas exhaust port disposed at the top of the tank.

[0007] The inner wall of the tank is fixedly connected with a second ring and a first ring from top to bottom. A conical cylinder is simultaneously fixedly installed on the inner wall of both the second and first rings. The inner wall of the tank has a first dust guide groove and a second dust guide groove running through it from top to bottom. The first dust guide groove communicates with the interior of the first graded dust collection chamber, and the second dust guide groove communicates with the interior of the second graded dust collection chamber. A dust-laden gas inlet pipe is fixedly connected through the center of the lower end of the tank. The upper end of the dust-laden gas inlet pipe passes through the lower end of the tank and the lower end of the conical cylinder, extending into the interior of the conical cylinder. A clean gas exhaust port is opened through the tank. The top center of the cone is connected to the upper inner cavity of the cone; the lower end of the first stage dust collection chamber is provided with a through hole, which is connected to the interior of the sealed dust collection mechanism. The sealed dust collection mechanism and the sealed output mechanism are used to connect with the external negative pressure exhaust equipment. The multi-stage gradient filtration component performs gradient filtration on the dust-laden gas entering the cone, intercepting dust of different particle sizes to purify the dust-laden gas. The intercepted dust enters the first stage dust collection chamber through the first dust guide groove and enters the second stage dust collection chamber through the second dust guide groove. The purified clean gas is discharged through the clean gas exhaust port.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-stage gradient filtration assembly includes multiple sets of first-stage filter holes fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder, multiple sets of second-stage filter holes fixedly connected to the middle part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder, and multiple sets of third-stage settling holes fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder. The multiple sets of first-stage filter holes, second-stage filter holes, and third-stage settling holes are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the conical cylinder, and each set of first-stage filter holes, second-stage filter holes, and third-stage settling holes is equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the conical cylinder. The position of the first-stage filter hole is connected to the position of the first dust guide groove, and the position of the second-stage filter hole is connected to the position of the second dust guide groove. The filter hole diameter of the first-stage filter hole, second-stage filter hole, and third-stage settling hole increases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0009] Furthermore, the online dust removal and turbulence mechanism includes a drive motor fixedly connected to the upper end of the conical cylinder, a transmission rod fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor, and multiple sets of dust removal blades fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission rod. The multiple sets of dust removal blades are all located inside the conical cylinder, and the multiple sets of dust removal blades are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the transmission rod. The inclination angle of the dust removal blades is adapted to the taper of the inner wall of the conical cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes a fixed ring fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank and multiple support legs fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fixed ring, with the multiple support legs arranged equidistantly along the circumference of the fixed ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the first scraping and discharging mechanism includes a first fixed seat fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first grading dust collection chamber, a first motor fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first fixed seat, a first transmission gear fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor, a first transmission gear ring rotatably installed on the outer peripheral wall of the tank, and a first scraping block fixedly connected to the side wall of the first transmission gear ring; the lower end of the first scraping block is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the first grading dust collection chamber, and the first transmission gear ring and the first transmission gear mesh with each other.

[0012] Furthermore, the sealed dust collection mechanism includes a sealed dust collection box fixedly connected to the lower end of the first grade dust collection chamber, a first dust output pipe fixedly connected through the side wall of the sealed dust collection box, and a first electric control valve disposed on the first dust output pipe; the interior of the sealed dust collection box is connected to the interior of the first grade dust collection chamber through a through hole, and the first dust output pipe is connected to an external negative pressure exhaust fan.

[0013] Furthermore, the second scraping and discharging mechanism includes a second fixed seat fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second grading dust collection chamber, a second motor fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second fixed seat, a second transmission gear fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the second motor, a second transmission gear ring rotatably mounted on the outer peripheral wall of the tank, and a second scraping block fixedly connected to the side wall of the second transmission gear ring; the lower end of the second scraping block is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the second grading dust collection chamber, and the second transmission gear ring and the second transmission gear mesh with each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealed output mechanism includes a second dust output pipe that is fixedly connected through to the lower end of the second stage dust collection chamber, and a second electric control valve installed on the second dust output pipe; the second dust output pipe is connected to an external negative pressure exhaust fan.

[0015] Furthermore, the coarse ash discharge mechanism includes multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes that are fixedly connected to the lower end of the tank body and a third electric control valve installed on the coarse ash discharge pipes; the multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes are arranged at equal intervals along the center circumference of the tank body.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a PLC automation control component, which is electrically connected to the first motor, the second motor, the drive motor, the first electric control valve, the second electric control valve, and the third electric control valve, respectively.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model uses a tapered variable-diameter flow channel that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, combined with a multi-stage gradient filter component with gradient aperture. By utilizing the variable-diameter structure of the tapered cylinder, an axial gradient distribution of the upward airflow velocity is achieved. This allows coarse dust particles in the dust-laden gas to settle at the bottom, medium particles to be intercepted in the middle, and fine particles to be precisely captured at the top. This achieves gradient-level interception of dust and deep purification of the dust-laden gas, significantly improving dust removal efficiency. At the same time, it avoids the mixing of dust particles of different sizes and achieves the separate capture of dust particles. 2. This utility model, by setting an online dust removal and turbulence mechanism inside the conical cylinder, can continuously generate uniform turbulence during dust removal operations, breaking up agglomerated dust particles and preventing agglomerated dust from penetrating the filter layer, thereby further improving the collection efficiency of fine dust particles; at the same time, the dust removal blades can simultaneously sweep the inner wall of the conical cylinder, and through the dual action of mechanical sweeping and shearing airflow, clean the dust attached to and embedded in the filter holes at each level in real time, avoiding filter hole blockage from the root, eliminating the need for frequent shutdowns for dust removal and maintenance, ensuring long-term continuous and stable operation of the equipment, and significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs; 3. This utility model, by setting independent scraping and discharging mechanisms in the two-stage dust collection chambers, can continuously scrape and convey the dust accumulated in the dust collection chamber during the dust removal process, completely avoiding the accumulation, bridging, and caking of dust in the dust collection chamber, and ensuring smooth discharge of the collected dust; at the same time, in conjunction with the fully enclosed negative pressure dust receiving mechanism and output mechanism, it can realize the fully enclosed continuous collection and transportation of graded dust, without secondary dust generation or dust overflow, which not only ensures the cleanliness and safety of the working environment, but also realizes the separate recycling of dust of different particle sizes. Coarse particles can be directly reused in the production process, realizing the resource utilization of dust; 4. The overall structure of this utility model is compact. Each actuator can be linked and automatically controlled through the PLC control component. The operating parameters such as air inlet pressure, dust removal mechanism speed, and valve opening can be flexibly adjusted according to the dust gas concentration, dust characteristics and purification requirements. It is suitable for the dust gas purification treatment needs of different industries and working conditions, has a wide range of applications, and the equipment is easy to disassemble and maintain. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of this utility model; Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the overall cross-sectional structure of this utility model. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the tank body and the conical cylinder assembly of this utility model. Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the conical cylinder and multi-stage gradient filter assembly of this utility model. Figure 5 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the first scraping and discharging mechanism and the sealed ash receiving mechanism of this utility model. Figure 6 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the second scraping discharge mechanism and the sealed output mechanism of this utility model.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. Tank body; 2. Support mechanism; 21. Fixing ring; 22. Support leg; 3. First stage dust collection chamber; 31. First fixed base; 32. First electric motor; 33. First transmission gear; 34. First transmission gear ring; 35. First scraper block; 36. Sealed dust collection box; 37. First dust output pipe; 38. First electric control valve; 4. Second stage dust collection chamber; 41. Second fixed base; 42. Second electric motor; 43. Second transmission gear; 44. Second transmission gear ring; 45. 46. ​​Second scraper block; 47. Second dust output pipe; 5. Second electric control valve; 6. Online dust removal and turbulence mechanism; 7. Drive motor; 8. Transmission rod; 9. Dust removal blade; 10. First ring; 11. Second ring; 12. Conical cylinder; 13. First-stage filter hole; 14. Second-stage filter hole; 15. Third-stage settling hole; 16. Coarse ash discharge pipe; 17. Third electric control valve; 18. Dust-laden gas inlet pipe; 19. First dust guide groove; 10. Second dust guide groove; 11. Clean gas exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] To address the problems of low fine particle collection efficiency, easy clogging of filter structures, inability to classify and recover dust, poor material discharge, poor production continuity, and insufficient environmental performance in existing dust removal equipment, the following technical solution is proposed. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-6 ; A multi-stage particle size classification device includes a tank 1, a support mechanism 2 fixedly disposed on the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank 1, a conical cylinder 8 fixedly disposed inside the tank 1, a multi-stage gradient filter assembly disposed on the conical cylinder 8, an online dust removal and turbulence mechanism 5 disposed on the upper end and inside the conical cylinder 8, a first-stage dust collection chamber 3 and a second-stage dust collection chamber 4 fixedly sleeved from top to bottom on the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank 1, a first scraping discharge mechanism disposed in the first-stage dust collection chamber 3, a sealed ash receiving mechanism disposed at the lower end of the first-stage dust collection chamber 3, a second scraping discharge mechanism disposed in the second-stage dust collection chamber 4, a sealed output mechanism disposed at the lower end of the second-stage dust collection chamber 4, a coarse ash discharge mechanism disposed at the lower end of the tank 1, and a clean gas exhaust port 9 disposed at the top of the tank 1.

[0022] The inner wall of the tank body 1 is fixedly connected with a second ring 7 and a first ring 6 from top to bottom. A conical cylinder 8 is simultaneously fixedly installed on the inner wall of both the second ring 7 and the first ring 6. The inner wall of the tank body 1 is provided with a first dust guide groove 14 and a second dust guide groove 15 running through it from top to bottom. The first dust guide groove 14 communicates with the interior of the first graded dust collection chamber 3, and the second dust guide groove 15 communicates with the interior of the second graded dust collection chamber 4. A dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13 is fixedly connected through the center of the lower end of the tank body 1. The upper end of the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13 passes through the lower end of the tank body 1 and the lower end of the conical cylinder 8, extending into the interior of the conical cylinder 8. The exhaust port 9 is opened through the center of the top of the tank 1 and communicates with the upper inner cavity of the cone 8 to discharge the purified clean gas; the lower end of the first stage dust collection chamber 3 is provided with a through hole, which communicates with the interior of the sealed dust collection mechanism. Both the sealed dust collection mechanism and the sealed output mechanism are used to connect with the external negative pressure exhaust equipment. The multi-stage gradient filtration component performs gradient filtration on the dust-laden gas entering the cone 8, intercepting dust of different particle sizes to purify the dust-laden gas. The intercepted dust enters the first stage dust collection chamber 3 through the first dust guide groove 14 and enters the second stage dust collection chamber 4 through the second dust guide groove 15.

[0023] In this embodiment, specifically, the support mechanism 2 includes a fixing ring 21 fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank 1 and a plurality of support legs 22 fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fixing ring 21; the plurality of support legs 22 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the fixing ring 21, ensuring the overall stability of the support of the tank 1.

[0024] In this embodiment, specifically, the first scraping and discharging mechanism includes a first fixed base 31 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first grading dust collection chamber 3, a first motor 32 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first fixed base 31, a first transmission gear 33 fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor 32, a first transmission gear ring 34 rotatably installed on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body 1, and a first scraping block 35 fixedly connected to the side wall of the first transmission gear ring 34; the lower end of the first scraping block 35 is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the first grading dust collection chamber 3, and the first transmission gear ring 34 and the first transmission gear 33 mesh with each other; the first fixed base 31 adopts an L-shaped support structure to ensure the structural stability of the installation of the first motor 32, the first transmission gear ring 34 is rotatably sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body 1 through a sealed bearing to ensure smooth rotation while preventing dust from overflowing, and the first scraping block 35 is made of wear-resistant polymer material, which not only ensures that there are no dead corners in scraping, but also does not scratch the inner wall of the first grading dust collection chamber 3, thus extending the service life of the equipment.

[0025] In this embodiment, specifically, the sealed dust collection mechanism includes a sealed dust collection box 36 fixedly connected to the lower end of the first grade dust collection chamber 3, a first dust output pipe 37 fixedly connected through the side wall of the sealed dust collection box 36, and a first electric control valve 38 disposed on the first dust output pipe 37. The interior of the sealed dust collection box 36 is connected to the interior of the first grade dust collection chamber 3 through a through hole. After the first dust output pipe 37 is connected to the external negative pressure exhaust fan, it can extract the fine dust in the sealed dust collection box 36. The sealed dust collection box 36 adopts a conical cavity structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which facilitates the downward collection of fine dust particles and avoids the accumulation and caking of dust in the dead corners of the cavity. The first electric control valve 38 is an electric ball valve, which can realize remote automatic control of on / off and opening adjustment to adapt to the discharge requirements under different working conditions.

[0026] In this embodiment, specifically, the second scraping and discharging mechanism includes a second fixed seat 41 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second grade dust collection chamber 4, a second motor 42 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second fixed seat 41, a second transmission gear 43 fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the second motor 42, a second transmission gear ring 44 rotatably mounted on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body 1, and a second scraping block 45 fixedly connected to the side wall of the second transmission gear ring 44; the lower end of the second scraping block 45 is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the second grade dust collection chamber 4, and the second transmission gear ring 44 and the second transmission gear 43 mesh with each other; the second fixed seat 41 and the first fixed seat 31 adopt a universal structural design to reduce the cost of equipment mold opening and maintenance; the second transmission gear ring 44 is also rotatably sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body 1 through a sealed bearing, and is independent of the first transmission gear ring 34 and does not interfere with each other; the width of the second scraping block 45 is adapted to the cavity width of the second grade dust collection chamber 4 to ensure that there is no residue during the scraping process.

[0027] In this embodiment, specifically, the sealed output mechanism includes a second dust output pipe 46 that is fixedly connected through to the lower end of the second stage dust collection chamber 4, and a second electric control valve 47 disposed on the second dust output pipe 46. After the second dust output pipe 46 is connected to the external negative pressure exhaust fan, it can extract medium-sized dust particles from the second stage dust collection chamber 4. The second electric control valve 47 is also an electric ball valve, which can be controlled synchronously or independently with the first electric control valve 38 to adapt to the conveying characteristics of dust particles of different sizes. The pipe diameter of the second dust output pipe 46 is designed to be adapted to the rated conveying capacity of medium-sized dust particles to ensure the continuity and stability of dust conveying.

[0028] In this embodiment, specifically, the multi-stage gradient filtration assembly includes multiple sets of first-stage filter holes 81 that are fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 8, multiple sets of second-stage filter holes 82 that are fixedly connected to the middle part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 8, and multiple sets of third-stage settling holes 83 that are fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 8. The multiple sets of first-stage filter holes 81, second-stage filter holes 82, and third-stage settling holes 83 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the conical cylinder 8 to achieve gradient filtration of dust-laden gas and graded interception of dust. Each set of first-stage filter holes 81, second-stage filter holes 82, and third-stage settling holes 83 are arranged equidistantly along the circumference of the conical cylinder 8 to ensure uniform passage of airflow and dust and avoid local uneven flow velocity affecting the filtration and purification accuracy.

[0029] Furthermore, the position of the first-stage filter hole 81 is connected to the position of the first dust guide groove 14, and the position of the second-stage filter hole 82 is connected to the position of the second dust guide groove 15; the filter hole diameters of the first-stage filter hole 81, the second-stage filter hole 82, and the third-stage settling hole 83 increase sequentially from top to bottom. After the dust-laden gas enters the conical cylinder 8 through the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13, fine dust particles are carried by the airflow through the first-stage filter hole 81, through the first dust guide groove 14, and into the first-stage dust collection chamber 3; medium-sized dust particles are carried by the airflow through the second-stage filter hole 82, through the second dust guide groove 15, and into the second-stage dust collection chamber 4; and large coarse dust particles are discharged through the third-stage settling hole 83. After exiting, the gas settles to the bottom of the tank 1. Specifically, the aperture of the first-stage filter hole 81 is adapted to the requirements of ultrafine dust collection, ensuring that the dust emission concentration of the purified gas meets the standards. The aperture of the second-stage filter hole 82 is adapted to the requirements of medium-sized dust interception. The aperture of the third-stage settling hole 83 is larger than that of the second-stage filter hole 82, allowing only large coarse particles to pass through, thus achieving three-stage dust classification and interception and deep purification of dust-laden gas. At the same time, the conical cylinder 8 has a narrow upper and wide lower structure, which gradually reduces the upward airflow velocity from top to bottom, adapting to the suspension velocity of dust particles of different sizes, further improving the filtration and collection accuracy, preventing coarse dust particles from penetrating the upper filter holes, and ensuring the gas purification effect.

[0030] In this embodiment, specifically, the online dust removal and turbulence mechanism 5 includes a drive motor 51 fixedly connected to the upper end of the conical cylinder 8, a transmission rod 52 fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor 51, and multiple sets of dust removal blades 53 fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission rod 52; the multiple sets of dust removal blades 53 are all located inside the conical cylinder 8 and will rotate with the transmission rod 52; the drive motor 51 is a waterproof and dustproof servo motor, which can steplessly adjust the speed to adapt to the purification of dust-laden gases with different concentrations and dust characteristics. To meet the requirements, the lower end of the transmission rod 52 extends to the lower part of the conical cylinder 8. Multiple sets of cleaning blades 53 are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the transmission rod 52, and the inclination angle of the cleaning blades 53 is adapted to the taper of the inner wall of the conical cylinder 8. When rotating, they can form a uniform turbulence, which on the one hand disperses the agglomerated dust particles, prevents the agglomerated dust from penetrating the filter holes, and improves the collection efficiency of fine dust particles. On the other hand, it continuously sweeps the inner wall of the conical cylinder 8 to prevent dust from adhering to and clogging the filter holes at each stage, ensuring the long-term continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0031] In this embodiment, specifically, the coarse ash discharge mechanism includes multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes 11 that are fixedly connected to the lower end of the tank body 1 and a third electric control valve 12 installed on the coarse ash discharge pipes 11. The coarse ash discharge pipes 11 are used to discharge large particles of coarse dust that have settled in the tank body 1. The multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes 11 are arranged at equal intervals along the center circumference of the tank body 1 to ensure that large particles of coarse dust are discharged evenly without any dead corners in the discharge. The third electric control valve 12 is an electric gate valve, which can realize automated intermittent discharge control. The upper outlet of the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13 is directly opposite the internal center of the conical cylinder 8 to ensure that the dust-laden gas diffuses upward evenly and avoids the airflow deviation from affecting the filtration and purification effect.

[0032] In this embodiment, specifically, it also includes a PLC automation control component. The control component is electrically connected to the first motor 32, the second motor 42, the drive motor 51, the first electric control valve 38, the second electric control valve 47, and the third electric control valve 12, respectively, to realize the linkage and automated control of each actuator, without the need for frequent manual intervention, thereby improving the intelligence level of the equipment and the continuity of production.

[0033] The PLC automation control component can be integrated into a separate control cabinet (not shown) located next to the equipment. Its input terminals are electrically connected to optional pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and other detection elements for real-time monitoring of the operating conditions inside tank 1 and cone 8. Its output terminals are electrically connected to the control terminals of the first motor 32, the second motor 42, the drive motor 51, the first electric control valve 38, the second electric control valve 47, and the third electric control valve 12, respectively. Through a preset control program, the PLC automation control component realizes the coordinated start and stop of each actuator, stepless speed adjustment, and precise valve opening control based on parameters such as dust gas concentration, internal equipment pressure, and dust collection volume, ensuring fully automatic, continuous, and stable operation of the equipment.

[0034] Working principle: When in use, first set the equipment operating parameters through the PLC control component, connect the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13 to the dust-laden gas supply system to be purified, connect the clean gas exhaust port 9 to the compliant emission pipeline, and connect the first dust output pipe 37 and the second dust output pipe 46 to the corresponding external negative pressure exhaust collection system respectively. The equipment starts and enters the dust removal and purification operation state. The dust-laden gas to be purified is sent into the interior of the cone 8 from the lower center of the cone 8 through the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13. The airflow flows upward along the interior of the cone 8. As the inner diameter of the cone 8 gradually increases from top to bottom, the velocity of the rising airflow gradually decreases from top to bottom along the axial direction. Dust particles of different sizes achieve gradient distribution under the combined action of airflow buoyancy and their own gravity: the lightest fine dust particles rise with the airflow to the upper region of the cone 8, medium dust particles are suspended in the middle region of the cone 8, and the largest coarse dust particles sink to the lower region of the cone 8 under the action of gravity. During the dust removal and purification process, the drive motor 51 drives the transmission rod 52 to continuously rotate the cleaning blades 53. The turbulence generated by the rotation of the cleaning blades 53 can disperse the agglomerated dust particles, preventing the agglomerated dust from penetrating the filter holes and improving the collection efficiency of fine dust particles. At the same time, the cleaning blades 53 continuously sweep the inner wall of the conical cylinder 8, cleaning the dust attached to and embedded in the first-stage filter hole 81, the second-stage filter hole 82, and the third-stage settling hole 83 in real time, preventing the filter holes from clogging at the source and ensuring that the dust removal and purification process continues to be stable. Fine dust particles rising to the upper part of the conical cylinder 8 are carried by the airflow through the first-stage filter hole 81 with the smallest aperture, and then enter the first-stage dust collection chamber 3 through the first dust guide groove 14 on the inner wall of the tank body 1, completing the collection of fine dust particles; medium dust particles suspended in the middle of the conical cylinder 8 are carried by the airflow through the second-stage filter hole 82 with a moderate aperture, and then enter the second-stage dust collection chamber 4 through the second dust guide groove 15 on the inner wall of the tank body 1, completing the collection of medium dust particles; large coarse dust particles sinking to the lower part of the conical cylinder 8 are discharged through the third-stage settling hole 83 with the largest aperture into the cavity between the conical cylinder 8 and the tank body 1, and naturally settle to the bottom of the tank body 1 under the action of gravity, completing the settling and separation of coarse dust; the clean gas purified by the three-stage gradient filtration is discharged through the clean gas exhaust port 9 at the top of the tank body 1, which can directly achieve emission standards; During the dust collection process, the first motor 32 runs continuously. Through the meshing of the first transmission gear 33 and the first transmission gear ring 34, it drives the first scraper block 35 to make a circular motion along the bottom surface of the inner wall of the first grade dust collection chamber 3, continuously scraping the fine dust particles accumulated in the first grade dust collection chamber 3 to the sealed dust collection box 36 at the lower end. Under the action of the external negative pressure ventilation system, the fine powder in the sealed dust collection box 36 is continuously transported to the designated collection container through the first dust output pipe 37. The first electric control valve 38 can adjust the opening degree in real time according to the amount of fine powder collected, and accurately control the discharge rate. Synchronously, the second motor 42 runs continuously, and through the meshing of the second transmission gear 43 and the second transmission gear ring 44, it drives the second scraper block 45 to make a circular motion along the bottom surface of the inner wall of the second classification dust collection chamber 4, continuously scraping the medium-sized dust accumulated in the second classification dust collection chamber 4 to the second dust output pipe 46. Under the action of the external negative pressure ventilation system, the medium powder is continuously transported to the designated collection container through the second dust output pipe 46. The second electric control valve 47 can adjust the opening degree in real time according to the amount of medium powder collected, and accurately control the discharge rate. When the amount of large coarse dust particles settled at the bottom of tank 1 reaches the preset amount, the control component automatically opens the third electric control valve 12, and the settled coarse dust is discharged through the coarse ash discharge pipe 11, completing the collection of coarse dust; after the discharge is completed, the third electric control valve 12 automatically closes, and the equipment continues to perform dust removal and purification operations. Throughout the dust removal and purification process, the control components can adjust the inlet pressure of the dust-laden gas inlet pipe 13, the speed of the drive motor 51, the opening degree of each valve body, and the operating status of each motor in real time according to the dust-laden gas concentration, dust characteristics, and purification emission requirements. This achieves efficient and deep purification of the dust-laden gas and graded recovery of dust, eliminating the need for manual shutdown for cleaning and maintenance, and significantly improving the purification efficiency, operational stability, and production continuity of the dust removal equipment.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0036] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage particle size classification device, characterized in that, It includes a tank body (1), a support mechanism (2) fixedly installed on the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank body (1), a conical cylinder (8) fixedly installed inside the tank body (1), a multi-stage gradient filter assembly installed on the conical cylinder (8), an online dust removal and turbulence mechanism installed on the upper end and inside of the conical cylinder (8), a first-stage dust collection chamber (3) and a second-stage dust collection chamber (4) fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank body (1) from top to bottom, a first scraping discharge mechanism installed in the first-stage dust collection chamber (3), a sealed ash receiving mechanism installed at the lower end of the first-stage dust collection chamber (3), a second scraping discharge mechanism installed in the second-stage dust collection chamber (4), a sealed output mechanism installed at the lower end of the second-stage dust collection chamber (4), a coarse ash discharge mechanism installed at the lower end of the tank body (1), and a clean gas exhaust port (9) installed at the top of the tank body (1). The inner wall of the tank (1) is fixedly connected with a second ring (7) and a first ring (6) from top to bottom. The conical cylinder (8) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the second ring (7) and the inner wall of the first ring (6). The inner wall of the tank (1) is provided with a first dust guide groove (14) and a second dust guide groove (15) from top to bottom. The first dust guide groove (14) is interconnected with the interior of the first grade dust collection chamber (3), and the second dust guide groove (15) is interconnected with the interior of the second grade dust collection chamber (4). A dust-laden gas inlet pipe (13) is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end of the tank (1). The upper end of the dust-laden gas inlet pipe (13) passes through the lower end of the tank (1) and the lower end of the cone (8) and extends into the interior of the cone (8). A clean gas exhaust port (9) is opened through the center of the top of the tank (1) and communicates with the inner cavity of the upper end of the cone (8). A through hole is opened through the lower end of the first-stage dust collection chamber (3). The through hole communicates with the interior of the sealed dust collection mechanism. The sealed dust collection mechanism and the sealed output mechanism are both used to connect with the external negative pressure ventilation equipment.

2. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage gradient filtration assembly includes multiple sets of first-stage filter holes (81) fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder (8), multiple sets of second-stage filter holes (82) fixedly connected to the middle part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder (8), and multiple sets of third-stage settling holes (83) fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder (8); the multiple sets of first-stage filter holes (81), second-stage filter holes (82), and third-stage settling holes (83) are arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the conical cylinder (8). In this arrangement, the first-stage filter holes (81), the second-stage filter holes (82), and the third-stage settling holes (83) of each group are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the conical cylinder (8); the position of the first-stage filter hole (81) is connected to the position of the first dust guide groove (14), and the position of the second-stage filter hole (82) is connected to the position of the second dust guide groove (15). The filter hole diameters of the first-stage filter hole (81), the second-stage filter hole (82), and the third-stage settling holes (83) increase sequentially from top to bottom.

3. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The online dust removal and turbulence mechanism (5) includes a drive motor (51) fixedly connected to the upper end of the conical cylinder (8), a transmission rod (52) fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor (51), and multiple sets of dust removal blades (53) fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission rod (52). The multiple sets of dust removal blades (53) are all located inside the conical cylinder (8), and the multiple sets of dust removal blades (53) are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the transmission rod (52). The inclination angle of the dust removal blades (53) is adapted to the taper of the inner wall of the conical cylinder (8).

4. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support mechanism (2) includes a fixed ring (21) fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer peripheral wall of the tank (1) and multiple support legs (22) fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fixed ring (21). The multiple support legs (22) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the fixed ring (21).

5. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first scraping and discharging mechanism includes a first fixed seat (31) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first grade dust collection chamber (3), a first motor (32) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first fixed seat (31), a first transmission gear (33) fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the first motor (32), a first transmission gear ring (34) rotatably installed on the outer peripheral wall of the tank (1), and a first scraping block (35) fixedly connected to the side wall of the first transmission gear ring (34); the lower end of the first scraping block (35) is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the first grade dust collection chamber (3), and the first transmission gear ring (34) and the first transmission gear (33) mesh with each other.

6. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed dust collection mechanism includes a sealed dust collection box (36) fixedly connected to the lower end of the first grade dust collection chamber (3), a first dust output pipe (37) fixedly connected to the side wall of the sealed dust collection box (36), and a first electric control valve (38) installed on the first dust output pipe (37). The interior of the sealed dust collection box (36) is connected to the interior of the first grade dust collection chamber (3) through a through hole, and the first dust output pipe (37) is connected to the external negative pressure exhaust fan.

7. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second scraping and discharging mechanism includes a second fixed seat (41) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second grade dust collection chamber (4), a second motor (42) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second fixed seat (41), a second transmission gear (43) fixedly connected to the lower end of the output shaft of the second motor (42), a second transmission gear ring (44) rotatably installed on the outer peripheral wall of the tank (1), and a second scraping block (45) fixedly connected to the side wall of the second transmission gear ring (44); the lower end of the second scraping block (45) is in contact with the bottom surface of the inner wall of the second grade dust collection chamber (4), and the second transmission gear ring (44) and the second transmission gear (43) mesh with each other.

8. The multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed output mechanism includes a second dust output pipe (46) that is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second grade dust collection chamber (4) and a second electric control valve (47) installed on the second dust output pipe (46); the second dust output pipe (46) is connected to an external negative pressure ventilation device.

9. A multi-stage particle size classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coarse ash discharge mechanism includes multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes (11) that are fixedly connected to the lower end of the tank (1) and a third electric control valve (12) set on the coarse ash discharge pipes (11); the multiple sets of coarse ash discharge pipes (11) are arranged at equal intervals along the center circumference of the tank (1).

10. A multi-stage particle size classification device according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that, It also includes a PLC automation control component, which is electrically connected to the first motor (32), the second motor (42), the drive motor (51), the first electric control valve (38), the second electric control valve (47), and the third electric control valve (12), respectively.

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