Low breakage anti-blocking post-drying moisture uniform fish scale plate column dryer

Abstract

The utility model provides a low breakage anti -blocking post -drying moisture even fish scale hole plate column dryer belongs to drying equipment technical field. Including: the columnar tower body, the columnar tower body top is provided with the feed inlet and the slow recovery section, is provided with the discharge gate at the bottom, the columnar tower body inside from outside to inside is provided with outer layer sealing shell, outside fish scale hole plate and inside fish scale hole plate in proper order, forms the negative pressure air chamber between outer layer sealing shell and outside fish scale hole plate, forms material drying flow channel between outside fish scale hole plate and inside fish scale hole plate, forms the ventilation cavity inside inside fish scale hole plate, is provided with hot -blast entrance and air outlet on outer layer sealing shell, hot -blast entrance links together with ventilation cavity, air outlet links together with negative pressure air chamber, the hole of outside fish scale hole plate and inside fish scale hole plate is fish scale hole structure. The utility model discloses through the unique fish scale hole plate structure and the gravity flow design of no screw, has realized high efficiency, even drying, has reduced material breakage rate and equipment maintenance frequency significantly simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of drying equipment technology, specifically relating to a fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-clogging, and uniform moisture content after drying. In particular, it is suitable for drying grains, oilseeds, miscellaneous grains, and other granular materials (such as pelleted feed, medicinal materials, food raw materials, chemical granules, etc.), meeting the needs of different industries for uniform moisture content and low breakage rate of dried materials, as well as preventing impurities or materials from clogging the screen holes of the column dryer. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, harvested grains often contain high moisture content. If they are not dried in time, they are prone to mold, sprouting, and spoilage, severely affecting their quality and shelf life. Therefore, drying is a crucial step in the post-harvest processing and storage of agricultural products.

[0003] Currently, the most common grain drying equipment on the market includes screen column dryers and tower dryers. Traditional grain drying equipment often faces many problems when processing grains with different characteristics. For example, screen column dryers usually use woven mesh or ordinary perforated plates as ventilation screens. The mesh size cannot accurately match the particle size requirements of different materials, which easily leads to problems such as material leakage, material jamming, or clogging by impurities. For example, as the operation progresses, impurities such as straw fragments and soil particles cause the screen clogging rate to increase continuously, resulting in increased hot air resistance and a significant decrease in heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, frequent shutdowns for cleaning are required, which is time-consuming, seriously affects continuous production, and increases equipment maintenance costs.

[0004] Tower dryers typically employ a square tower structure equipped with an auger to control the material flow rate. However, because the grain flows rapidly downwards under gravity, and its speed gradually slows down from the center to the edges, the contact time between the grain and hot air is inconsistent. This is especially true at the corners, where grain and impurities tend to accumulate, resulting in uneven moisture content after drying. To address this, additional auger devices are often added to control the downward flow rate of the grain, but achieving near-consistent flow remains difficult. Furthermore, the use of numerous auger devices inevitably increases the grain breakage rate, particularly in batch dryers where the auger mechanism causes even greater breakage.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a grain drying equipment that can effectively solve the problems of screen clogging, uneven drying, and high material breakage rate. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a column-type grain dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage and uniform moisture content after drying. The equipment achieves efficient and uniform drying through a unique fish scale perforated plate structure and gravity flow design without auger, while significantly reducing the material breakage rate and equipment maintenance frequency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A low-breakage, anti-blockage, and uniformly moisturized fish-scale perforated plate column dryer includes: a columnar tower body, with a feed inlet and a tempering section at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom; the interior of the columnar tower body is arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside as an outer sealing shell, an outer fish-scale perforated plate, and an inner fish-scale perforated plate; a negative pressure air chamber is formed between the outer sealing shell and the outer fish-scale perforated plate; a material drying flow channel is formed between the outer fish-scale perforated plate and the inner fish-scale perforated plate; a ventilation cavity is formed inside the inner fish-scale perforated plate; the outer sealing shell is provided with a hot air inlet connected to a hot air source and an air outlet for dehumidification; the hot air inlet is connected to the ventilation cavity; the air outlet is connected to the negative pressure air chamber; the holes on the outer and inner fish-scale perforated plates have a fish-scale perforation structure.

[0008] Further defining the above scheme, the fish-scale-shaped hole structure is a stamped protruding hole, and the protruding part extends to one side at an inclination relative to the plane of the hole plate to form a flow channel.

[0009] Further defining the above scheme, the orifice of the protruding hole faces upward, downward, or horizontally; when the fish-scale-shaped hole protrudes towards the inner side of the material drying channel, the orifice of the fish-scale-shaped hole on the inner and outer fish-scale-shaped hole plates faces downward; when the fish-scale-shaped hole protrudes towards the outer side of the material drying channel, the orifice of the fish-scale-shaped hole on the inner and outer fish-scale-shaped hole plates faces upward.

[0010] Further defining the above scheme, the protruding hole is a circular, elliptical, louvered, or teardrop-shaped protruding hole structure, and the length and height of the protruding hole are determined as needed.

[0011] Further defining the above scheme, the diameter, spacing, or shape of the fish-scale-shaped holes on the outer fish-scale perforated plate and the inner fish-scale perforated plate may be the same or different.

[0012] Further defining the above scheme, the hot air inlet is located on one side of the outer sealing shell and extends radially into the ventilation cavity; the air outlet is located on the other side of the outer sealing shell opposite to the hot air inlet and extends into the negative pressure air cavity.

[0013] As a further limitation of the above scheme, a first guide plate is provided above the hot air inlet, and the first guide plate is used to prevent material from accumulating above the hot air inlet. The upper edge of the outer fish-scale perforated plate is connected to the inner wall of the outer sealing shell by a second guide plate, which is used to guide the material and prevent accumulation.

[0014] As a further limitation of the above scheme, the top of the inner fish-scale perforated plate is closed by a conical top cover to form the ventilation cavity.

[0015] Further defining the above solution, the discharge port is a conical structure with a cone angle greater than the material's angle of repose, to ensure that the material flows out smoothly and evenly under gravity.

[0016] Advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art: 1. This solution has excellent anti-clogging performance: It adopts a fish-scale perforated plate structure, with an effective ventilation hole diameter that is much larger than that of traditional screens. The directional design of the holes makes it difficult for impurities to be trapped, which completely solves the problem of screen hole clogging, reduces the number of downtime cleanings, and improves the continuous operation capability and production efficiency of the equipment. 2. This solution significantly improves drying uniformity and ensures material quality: After entering, the hot air is stably and evenly transmitted through each fish-scale hole in all directions of the cylindrical tower under the action of wind pressure in the inner space. The cylindrical structure without right-angle corners makes the hot air evenly distributed in the radial direction, forming a continuous and uniform hot air flow field. This ensures that the heat exchange conditions of the material in all positions in the tower are consistent, thereby ensuring the high uniformity of moisture content of the dried material and improving product quality. 3. The material breakage rate of this solution is extremely low: It adopts a gravity-based non-auger conveying method. The material relies entirely on its own gravity. During the downward flow, there is only slight friction between materials and flexible contact with the orifice plate, which avoids the mechanical squeezing and collision caused by traditional augers. It is particularly suitable for drying fragile materials and seed grains, effectively maintaining the integrity and commercial value of the materials. 4. This solution is highly adaptable: the size, direction, and layout of the fish-scale holes can be adjusted to meet the drying needs of materials with different particle sizes and properties. The equipment can be adapted to both negative pressure and positive pressure systems, offering flexible layout options. 5. This solution has a reasonable structure and is easy to maintain: the overall structure is compact and has good sealing performance; the main maintenance work is only to periodically check the wear of the fish scale perforated plate, and the maintenance cost is low. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the elliptical fish-scale perforated plate in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elongated fish-scale perforated plate of the louver in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the strip-shaped fish scale perforated plate in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the drying effect of the fish-scale perforated plate in this utility model. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the drying effect of the fish-scale perforated plate in this utility model. Figure 2 .

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Outer sealing shell; 2. Outer fish-scale perforated plate; 3. Inner fish-scale perforated plate; 4. Hot air inlet; 5. First guide plate; 6. Air outlet; 7. Tempering section; 8. Conical top cover; 9. Discharge port; 10. Second guide plate; A. Material drying channel; B. Ventilation cavity; C. Negative pressure air cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0021] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0022] Please see Figure 1-6 The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below.

[0023] Example: See Figure 1 As shown, the fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying has a main body that is a cylindrical tower. The top of the column is equipped with a feed inlet and a tempering section 7, and the bottom is equipped with a discharge outlet 9. The discharge outlet 9 has a conical structure, and its cone angle is greater than the natural angle of repose of the material to ensure that the material flows out smoothly and evenly by gravity.

[0024] To reduce dust dispersion, a negative pressure system is used in the middle of the columnar tower. From the outside in, it consists of an outer sealing shell 1, an outer perforated plate 2, and an inner perforated plate 3. First, the outermost sealing shell 1, made of steel plate, is constructed to ensure its airtightness. Then, the outer perforated plate 2 and the inner perforated plate 3 are coaxially installed inside the outer sealing shell 1. Both the outer perforated plate 2 and the inner perforated plate 3 are made of steel plate. Figures 2-4 The fish-scale perforated plate units shown are overlapped. A negative pressure air chamber C is formed between the outer sealing shell 1 and the outer fish-scale perforated plate 2. A material drying flow channel A is formed between the outer fish-scale perforated plate 2 and the inner fish-scale perforated plate 3. The top of the inner fish-scale perforated plate 3 is sealed by a conical top cover 8, forming a ventilation cavity B inside the inner fish-scale perforated plate 3. The middle part of the columnar tower body forms a drying section or a cooling section (when used as a circulating dryer, the drying section and the cooling section are combined into one, with hot air flowing through the drying section and cold air flowing through the cooling section; when used as a continuous dryer, it consists of multiple tempering drying and cooling sections).

[0025] See Figures 2-4 As shown, the fish-scale perforation structure consists of raised holes formed on a metal plate through a stamping process. This structure is not just a simple hole; its raised portions form small channels that guide airflow and materials.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the perforations of the fish-scale perforated plate can be either internally or externally convex. The orifice orientation of the protruding holes can be upward, downward, or horizontal; during installation, the orifice orientation (e.g., downward or upward) is adjusted according to the material characteristics to achieve the best anti-clogging and anti-leakage effect. Under certain operating conditions, the orifice orientation can also be horizontal. In this embodiment, when the fish-scale perforations convex towards the inner side of the material drying channel A, refer to... Figure 5 As shown, the openings of the fish-scale-shaped holes on the inner fish-scale perforated plate 3 and the outer fish-scale perforated plate 2 face downwards, which can effectively prevent materials from entering the holes and causing blockage under gravity. When the fish-scale-shaped holes protrude outwards from the material drying channel A, refer to... Figure 6 As shown, the openings of the fish-scale-shaped holes on the inner fish-scale perforated plate 3 and the outer fish-scale perforated plate 2 face upwards, which can use the upward airflow to lift impurities and reduce the adhesion of impurities at the openings.

[0027] Preferably, the raised holes are circular, elliptical, louvered, or teardrop-shaped, and the length and height of the raised holes are determined as needed. The raised holes are louvered elongated holes (e.g.,...). Figure 3 . Figure 4 As shown in the figure, its length direction can be arranged along the height direction of the tower (axial direction), which helps the material slide down the hole; or it can be arranged along the circumference direction of the tower (circumferential direction), which helps the airflow to diffuse evenly.

[0028] Depending on the characteristics of different materials and the requirements of the drying process, the aperture, spacing, and shape of the inner and outer fish-scale perforated plates can be the same or different.

[0029] This invention is not limited to the fish-scale hole shape described above, but also includes other similar functional raised hole structures. This structure can enlarge the effective hole size several times compared to traditional sieve holes. It ensures hot air penetration while also allowing for better control through the design of the hole orientation (e.g., ...). Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, it prevents impurities from accumulating and clogging, as well as grain leakage. Simultaneously, its fully enclosed shell guides impurities into the settling chamber via the air duct.

[0030] In this embodiment, a hot air inlet 4 connected to a hot air source is provided on one side of the outer sealing shell 1, and an air outlet 6 for dehumidification is provided on the other side. The hot air inlet 4 is located on one side of the outer sealing shell 1 and leads radially to the ventilation cavity B; the air outlet 6 is located on the other side of the outer sealing shell 1 opposite to the hot air inlet 4 and leads to the negative pressure air cavity C.

[0031] A first guide plate 5 is provided above the hot air inlet 4 to prevent material from accumulating above the hot air inlet 4. The upper edge of the outer fish scale perforated plate 2 is connected to the inner wall of the outer sealing shell 1 by a second guide plate 10 to guide the material and prevent accumulation.

[0032] During installation, select a suitable hot air generator based on actual production needs and connect the generator's outlet to the hot air inlet. It can be adapted to both positive and negative pressure hot air systems. If using positive pressure ventilation, ensure the hot air can smoothly enter the drying layer under pressure and pass evenly through the perforated plates. If using negative pressure ventilation, rationally arrange the fan positions to create a stable negative pressure inside the drying tower, guiding the hot air through the material. The hot air generated by the generator enters the column and flows towards the perforations under pressure. It then passes evenly through the two layers of perforated plates in a crossflow manner, exchanging heat and moisture with the material before finally being discharged carrying away moisture.

[0033] This invention eliminates the traditional auger device because the grain, under the influence of gravity, has excellent downward flow within the dryer column, ensuring uniform radial flow. Interlayer transport is achieved through gravity, reducing mechanical compression and friction, and significantly lowering the material breakage rate. A large-angle conical discharge port at the bottom ensures that the material flows out relatively evenly and stably from the bottom.

[0034] The working principle of this utility model: During operation, wet materials such as grains and oilseeds to be dried enter from the top of the tower. After passing through the tempering section, the materials flow evenly downwards in the drying channel under their own gravity. Hot air enters the ventilation cavity through the hot air inlet. Under the action of the system's negative (or positive) pressure, the hot air radially and evenly passes through the inner perforated plate, the flowing material layer, and the outer perforated plate, finally entering the negative pressure air chamber and exiting through the air outlet. During this process, the hot air and the material undergo sufficient heat and mass exchange, removing moisture. The special structure of the perforated plate ensures a sufficiently large effective ventilation area, preventing impurities from accumulating and clogging, while also avoiding material leakage. The material relies entirely on gravity without mechanical agitation or compression during its descent, thus greatly reducing the breakage rate. The dried material exits from the bottom outlet, while the hot air carrying moisture and impurities exits through the air outlet and enters the subsequent settling chamber for impurity separation and moisture treatment.

[0035] Due to the fish-scale perforated plate design, this invention significantly reduces the probability of impurity blockage. Routine maintenance only requires periodic inspection of the wear condition of the fish-scale perforated plate and the sealing of each connection in the drying tower. If severely worn parts of the fish-scale perforated plate are found, they should be replaced promptly; if sealing problems occur, they should be repaired in time to ensure efficient and stable operation of the equipment.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0037] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-clogging properties, and uniform moisture content after drying, characterized in that: include: The columnar tower has a feed inlet and a slowing section (7) at the top and a discharge outlet (9) at the bottom. The middle part of the columnar tower has an outer sealing shell (1), an outer fish-scale perforated plate (2) and an inner fish-scale perforated plate (3) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. A negative pressure air chamber (C) is formed between the outer sealing shell (1) and the outer fish-scale perforated plate (2). A material drying channel (A) is formed between the outer fish-scale perforated plate (2) and the inner fish-scale perforated plate (3). A ventilation cavity (B) is formed inside the inner fish-scale perforated plate (3). The outer sealing shell (1) has a hot air inlet (4) connected to a hot air source and an air outlet (6) for dehumidification. The hot air inlet (4) is connected to the ventilation cavity (B). The air outlet (6) is connected to the negative pressure air chamber (C). The holes on the outer fish-scale perforated plate (2) and the inner fish-scale perforated plate (3) are fish-scale perforated structures.

2. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fish-scale-shaped hole structure is a raised hole formed by stamping, and the raised part extends to one side at an angle relative to the plane of the hole plate to form a flow channel.

3. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The orifice of the protruding hole is oriented upward, downward, or horizontally; when the fish-scale-shaped hole protrudes towards the inside of the material drying channel (A), the orifice of the fish-scale-shaped hole on the inner fish-scale-shaped hole plate (3) and the outer fish-scale-shaped hole plate (2) is oriented downward; when the fish-scale-shaped hole protrudes towards the outside of the material drying channel (A), the orifice of the fish-scale-shaped hole on the inner fish-scale-shaped hole plate (3) and the outer fish-scale-shaped hole plate (2) is oriented upward.

4. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The protruding holes are circular, elliptical, louvered, or teardrop-shaped protruding hole structures; the length and height of the protruding holes are determined as needed.

5. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer fish-scale perforated plate (2) and the inner fish-scale perforated plate (3) may have the same or different pore diameter, pore spacing or pore shape.

6. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hot air inlet (4) is located on one side of the outer sealing shell (1) and extends radially to the ventilation cavity (B); the air outlet (6) is located on the other side of the outer sealing shell (1) opposite to the hot air inlet (4) and extends to the negative pressure air cavity (C).

7. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A first guide plate (5) is provided above the hot air inlet (4), and the first guide plate (5) is used to prevent material from accumulating above the hot air inlet (4); The upper edge of the outer fish scale perforated plate (2) is connected to the inner wall of the outer sealing shell (1) by a second guide plate (10) to guide the material and prevent accumulation.

8. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the inner fish-scale perforated plate (3) is closed by a conical top cover (8) to form the ventilation cavity (B).

9. The fish-scale perforated plate column dryer with low breakage, anti-blockage, and uniform moisture content after drying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port (9) has a conical structure with a cone angle greater than the natural angle of repose of the material, so as to ensure that the material flows out smoothly and evenly by gravity.

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