Multistage crushing and magnetic separation integrated organic solid waste pretreatment equipment
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521819083.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-08-26
AI Technical Summary
金属杂质在高温碳化环境中，不仅会对碳化设备造成物理损伤，如刮擦设备内壁、堵塞管道等，还可能引发设备故障，影响整个处理系统的正常运行，增加设备维护成本和停机时间
1、通过第一破碎机构的锤式冲击粗破碎与第二破碎机构的剪式转速差精破碎协同作用，实现物料从大块到≤2cm粒径的连续高效破碎，避免单一破碎方式效率低、粒径不均的问题，显著提升整体破碎效率与出料质量。
Smart Images
Figure CN224656935U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste treatment technology, and in particular to an organic solid waste pretreatment equipment that integrates multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, common organic solid waste pretreatment methods have certain limitations in the crushing stage. On the one hand, traditional crushing equipment has limited functionality and often uses a single crushing method, such as hammer crushing or shear crushing. While hammer crushing can quickly break large pieces of material into smaller particles, it is not ideal for some tough materials and cannot meet the particle size requirements for subsequent processing. On the other hand, relying solely on shear crushing is inefficient when processing large pieces of material, and the equipment is prone to damage due to prolonged exposure to large impact forces, resulting in a short overall service life. On the other hand, organic solid waste often contains various metal impurities, such as iron nails and iron pieces. Current pretreatment processes lack effective metal screening mechanisms, and the crushed material directly enters the subsequent carbonization system. In the high-temperature carbonization environment, metal impurities not only cause physical damage to the carbonization equipment, such as scraping the inner walls and clogging pipes, but may also lead to equipment malfunctions, affecting the normal operation of the entire treatment system and increasing equipment maintenance costs and downtime. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation integrated organic solid waste pretreatment equipment. When in use, the equipment first uses a hammer crusher for coarse crushing, and then uses a shear crusher for fine crushing, which improves the actual crushing effect and extends the overall service life of the crushing parts. In addition, it can also screen the crushed metal to prevent metal from entering the carbonization system and damaging the equipment.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An integrated multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation organic solid waste pretreatment equipment includes a support plate, with a crushing frame and a transmission box fixedly connected to the upper end of the support plate. A crushing box is fixedly connected to the upper end of the crushing frame, and a feeding port is provided on the right side of the crushing box. A first crushing mechanism includes a first rotating shaft rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing box, with multiple crushing pestles fixedly connected at equal intervals to the outer side of the first rotating shaft. A second crushing mechanism includes two scissor-type crushing rollers rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing frame. The rear rotating shafts of both scissor-type crushing rollers extend into the transmission box. A first gear is fixedly connected to the rear rotating shaft of one scissor-type crushing roller, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the rear rotating shaft of the other scissor-type crushing roller; the first gear and the second gear mesh. A drive mechanism synchronously drives the first and second crushing mechanisms. A sorting mechanism magnetically sorts the crushed material.
[0005] Preferably, the support plate has a material discharge port, which is connected to the crushing frame.
[0006] Preferably, the lower end of the support plate is fixedly connected to four corner support legs, and a rectangular metal collection box and a waste collection box are placed on the ground. The front and rear side walls and the left side wall of the metal collection box are in contact with the two corner support legs on the left.
[0007] Preferably, the number of teeth of the first gear is one-third of the number of teeth of the second gear.
[0008] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a second motor installed on the rear side of the crushing box. The second motor is a dual-shaft motor. The front output shaft of the second motor extends into the feed inlet and is fixedly connected to the front end of the first rotating shaft. A reduction gearbox is installed on the rear side of the transmission box. The input shaft of the reduction gearbox extends into the transmission box and is fixedly connected to the rear rotating shaft of one of the shear crushing rollers. Both the front output shaft and the input shaft of the reduction gearbox are equipped with synchronous pulleys. The two synchronous pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt drive.
[0009] Preferably, the sorting mechanism includes two vertical plates symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate, a magnetic screening roller is rotatably connected between the two vertical plates, a first motor is installed on the front side of the front vertical plate, the output shaft of the first motor passes through the front vertical plate and is fixedly connected to the front end of the magnetic screening roller, and an inclined scraper that cooperates with the magnetic screening roller is fixedly connected to the left side wall of the discharge port.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: 1. Through the synergistic effect of the hammer impact coarse crushing of the first crushing mechanism and the shear speed differential fine crushing of the second crushing mechanism, continuous and efficient crushing of materials from large pieces to ≤2cm particle size is achieved, avoiding the problems of low efficiency and uneven particle size of a single crushing method, and significantly improving the overall crushing efficiency and output quality.
[0011] 2. The two-shear crushing rollers form a speed ratio through the difference in the number of gear teeth. The relative sliding generated by the speed difference enhances the shearing force, so that the crushing energy is concentrated on the weak points of the material shearing, reducing ineffective extrusion friction, reducing the risk of jamming, extending the service life of the equipment and reducing maintenance costs.
[0012] 3. The magnetic screening roller, combined with an annular electromagnet and an inclined scraper design, separates metallic and non-magnetic materials. Non-magnetic materials automatically fall into the waste collection box.
[0013] 4. The metal collection box and waste collection box are positioned by contact with the corner support legs, ensuring that the sorted materials fall accurately into the corresponding containers, avoiding secondary sorting caused by collection deviation, and improving the overall stability and ease of operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the organic solid waste pretreatment equipment that integrates multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front and rear cross-sectional view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front view illustration; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Rear view diagram; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the shear crusher roller located in the vertical direction.
[0015] In the diagram: 1 Support plate, 2 Metal collection box, 3 Waste collection box, 4 Vertical plate, 5 First motor, 6 Crushing frame, 7 Crushing box, 8 Feeding port, 9 Transmission box, 10 First rotating shaft, 11 Crushing pestle, 12 Magnetic screening roller, 13 Inclined scraper, 14 Angular support leg, 15 Scissor crushing roller, 16 Synchronous pulley, 17 Synchronous belt, 18 Gearbox, 19 First gear, 20 Second gear, 21 Second motor. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.
[0017] Reference Figures 1-5The organic solid waste pretreatment equipment integrating multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation includes a support plate 1. The upper end of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected to a crushing frame 6 and a transmission box 9. The upper end of the crushing frame 6 is fixedly connected to a crushing box 7. The right side of the crushing box 7 is provided with a feeding port 8. The support plate 1 is provided with a discharge port, which is connected to the crushing frame 6. It also includes a first crushing mechanism, which includes a first rotating shaft 10 rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing box 7. Multiple crushing pests 11 are fixedly connected at equal intervals on the outer side of the first rotating shaft 10. The shape of the crushing pests 11 can be selected according to actual needs to ensure the effect of hammer crushing. Coarse crushing can be achieved by using this crushing mechanism. The system also includes a second crushing mechanism, which consists of two scissor-type crushing rollers 15 rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing frame 6. When the two scissor-type crushing rollers 15 rotate synchronously in opposite directions, they can perform a crushing operation. In this solution, it is necessary to ensure that the final crushed particle size is ≤2cm. The rear rotating shafts of the two scissor-type crushing rollers 15 extend into the transmission box 9. The rear rotating shaft of one scissor-type crushing roller 15 is fixedly connected to a first gear 19, and the rear rotating shaft of the other scissor-type crushing roller 15 is fixedly connected to a second gear 20. The first gear 19 and the second gear 20 mesh with each other. The number of teeth of the first gear 19 is one-third of the number of teeth of the second gear 20. By varying the rotation speeds, the faster roller will exert a stronger drag force on the material, causing the material stuck between the roller gaps to be quickly pulled out or torn apart, reducing the risk of blockage. The speed difference design also allows the crushing energy to be more concentrated on the shearing weak points of the material, rather than ineffective squeezing or friction. The system also includes a drive mechanism for synchronously driving the first crushing mechanism and the second crushing mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a second motor 21 installed on the rear side of the crushing box 7. The second motor 21 is a dual-shaft motor. The front output shaft of the second motor 21 extends into the feed port 8 and is fixedly connected to the front end of the first rotating shaft 10. A reduction gearbox 18 is installed on the rear side of the transmission box 9. The reduction gearbox 18 is a type of gearbox, which is existing technology. It can rotate and lower the input shaft before outputting. The input shaft of the reduction gearbox 18 extends into the transmission box 9 and is fixedly connected to the rear rotating shaft of one of the shear crushing rollers 15. Both the front output shaft and the input shaft of the reduction gearbox 18 are equipped with synchronous pulleys 16. The two synchronous pulleys 16 are connected by a synchronous belt 17. The system also includes a sorting mechanism for magnetically sorting the crushed material. The sorting mechanism comprises two vertical plates 4 symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate 1. A magnetic screening roller 12 is rotatably connected between the two vertical plates 4. The magnetic screening roller 12 has an internal cavity and is equipped with a ring-shaped electromagnet. The electromagnet is powered by an electrical rotary joint. A first motor 5 is installed on the front side of the front vertical plate 4. The output shaft of the first motor 5 passes through the front vertical plate 4 and is fixedly connected to the front end of the magnetic screening roller 12. An inclined scraper 13, which cooperates with the magnetic screening roller 12, is fixedly connected to the left side wall of the discharge port. Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic screening roller 12 rotates clockwise. Non-magnetic materials will fall into the waste collection box 3 under gravity after rotating to face downwards, while metal materials will gather at the inclined scraper 13 as they rotate. Eventually, as more and more accumulate, the outer metal will lose its magnetic attraction and fall into the metal collection box 2. Some inner metal materials will fall into the metal collection box 2 after the entire process is completed and the magnetic screening roller 12 is turned off.
[0018] The lower end of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected with four corner support legs 14. A rectangular metal collection box 2 and a waste collection box 3 are placed on the ground. The front and rear side walls and the left side wall of the metal collection box 2 are in contact with the two corner support legs 14 on the left. In this way, the metal collection box 2 and the waste collection box 3 can be positioned to facilitate the collection of the corresponding materials.
[0019] In this utility model, the operator puts the organic solid waste to be processed into the crushing box 7 through the feeding port 8, and the material falls to the working area of the first crushing mechanism under the action of gravity. The second motor 21 starts, and its front output shaft drives the first rotating shaft 10 to rotate, which in turn drives multiple crushing pestles 11, which are fixed at equal intervals on the outside of the first rotating shaft 10, to perform hammer impact crushing on the material. The crushing pestles 11 use the impact force generated by high-speed rotation to initially crush the material, thus achieving the coarse crushing function. The crushed material enters the crushing frame 6 through the feed inlet. The second motor 21 drives the reduction gearbox 18 via the synchronous pulley 16 and synchronous belt 17. The reduction gearbox 18 transmits power to the two scissor crushing rollers 15 through the transmission box 9. The first gear 19 and the second gear 20 mesh, and because the number of teeth on the first gear 19 is one-third that of the second gear 20, a speed difference is created between the two scissor crushing rollers 15. The synchronously rotating scissor crushing rollers 15 shear, tear, and compress the coarsely crushed material. The relative sliding generated by the speed difference enhances the shearing force, ensuring that the final crushed particle size is ≤2cm, while reducing the risk of material jamming. The crushed mixture falls through the discharge port into the magnetic screening area. The first motor 5 drives the magnetic screening roller 12 to rotate clockwise, and its internal annular electromagnet continuously generates a magnetic field through an electrical rotary joint. Non-magnetic materials, as the magnetic screening roller 12 rotates to its lowest point, fall into the waste collection box 3 due to gravity; metallic materials are attracted to the surface of the magnetic screening roller 12 and accumulate at the inclined scraper 13 as it rotates. When the metallic materials accumulate to a certain amount, the outer metal detaches from the magnetic attraction and falls into the metal collection box 2; after the process is completed, the electromagnet is turned off, and the remaining inner metallic materials fall into the metal collection box 2. In addition, the metal collection box 2 and the waste collection box 3 are positioned by contacting the two corner support legs 14 on the left side, ensuring that the sorted materials fall accurately into the corresponding collection containers.
[0020] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An organic solid waste pretreatment equipment integrating multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation, characterized in that, include: A support plate (1) is fixedly connected to a crushing frame (6) and a transmission box (9) at its upper end. A crushing box (7) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the crushing frame (6). A feeding port (8) is provided on the right side of the crushing box (7). The first crushing mechanism includes a first rotating shaft (10) rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing box (7), and a plurality of crushing pestles (11) are fixedly connected at equal intervals on the outer side of the first rotating shaft (10). The second crushing mechanism includes two scissor-type crushing rollers (15) rotatably connected between the front and rear inner walls of the crushing frame (6). The rear rotation shafts of the two scissor-type crushing rollers (15) extend into the transmission box (9). A first gear (19) is fixedly connected to the rear rotation shaft of one of the scissor-type crushing rollers (15), and a second gear (20) is fixedly connected to the rear rotation shaft of the other scissor-type crushing roller (15). The first gear (19) and the second gear (20) mesh. A drive mechanism, which is used to synchronously drive the first crushing mechanism and the second crushing mechanism; The sorting mechanism is used to magnetically sort crushed materials. The support plate (1) has a discharge port, which is connected to the crushing frame (6). The sorting mechanism includes two vertical plates (4) symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate (1). A magnetic screening roller (12) is rotatably connected between the two vertical plates (4). A first motor (5) is installed on the front side of the vertical plate (4). The output shaft of the first motor (5) passes through the front vertical plate (4) and is fixedly connected to the front end of the magnetic screening roller (12). An inclined scraper (13) that cooperates with the magnetic screening roller (12) is fixedly connected to the left side wall of the discharge port.
2. The organic solid waste pretreatment equipment integrating multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the support plate (1) is fixedly connected to four corner support legs (14). A rectangular metal collection box (2) and a waste collection box (3) are placed on the ground. The front and rear side walls and the left side wall of the metal collection box (2) are in contact with the two corner support legs (14) on the left.
3. The organic solid waste pretreatment equipment integrating multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of teeth of the first gear (19) is one-third of the number of teeth of the second gear (20).
4. The organic solid waste pretreatment equipment integrating multi-stage crushing and magnetic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a second motor (21) installed on the rear side of the crushing box (7). The second motor (21) is a dual-shaft motor. The front output shaft of the second motor (21) extends into the feed port (8) and is fixedly connected to the front end of the first rotating shaft (10). A reduction gearbox (18) is installed on the rear side of the transmission box (9). The input shaft of the reduction gearbox (18) extends into the transmission box (9) and is fixedly connected to the rear rotating shaft of one of the shear crushing rollers (15). Both the front output shaft and the input shaft of the reduction gearbox (18) are equipped with synchronous pulleys (16). The two synchronous pulleys (16) are connected by a synchronous belt (17).