A gear shaving tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of shaving toolings, including fixed centre, movable centre, the core shaft between the two, the expansion sleeve on the core shaft and the pressure sleeve. The core shaft contains the positioning portion connected with the fixed centre and the connecting rod connected with the movable centre, the positioning portion is close to the connecting rod end and is equipped with the boss portion, the boss portion is axially equipped with the connecting barrel for the connecting rod can be detachably worn in the connecting rod side;The expansion sleeve is sleeved between the connecting rod and the connecting barrel, and the pressure sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting rod and one end is abutted with the expansion sleeve. After the gear to be processed is sleeved on the periphery of the expansion sleeve, the connecting rod is axially moved towards the connecting barrel, the pressure sleeve is radially expanded and deformed by extruding the expansion sleeve in cooperation with the boss portion, and is fixed by tightly holding the inner hole of the gear. The connecting rod and the connecting barrel only need to be separated to simplify the operation steps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of gear manufacturing technology, specifically to a gear shaving tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of gear machining, shaving fixtures are core components that ensure the accuracy and efficiency of gear shaving. The mandrel, as a key load-bearing component, is mainly used for gear positioning and fixation, while the expansion sleeve, through its own deformation, tightly fits the inner hole of the gear, ensuring that the gear does not shift during machining. Currently, widely used shaving fixtures in the industry have a boss integrally formed on the mandrel body. The expansion sleeve is directly fitted onto the right side of the boss to achieve initial axial positioning. In actual machining operations, the gear to be machined is fitted onto the outside of the expansion sleeve. Then, a fastening nut is inserted from the end of the mandrel away from the boss. By continuously tightening the nut, the end face of the nut abuts against the right end face of the expansion sleeve, forcing the expansion sleeve to move towards the boss. During axial movement, the expansion sleeve is subjected to radial compression, causing radial expansion deformation, which then wraps around the inner hole of the gear, ultimately fixing the gear.

[0003] However, in actual use, the aforementioned integrated mandrel structure experiences continuous mechanical friction and seizing stress on the external threads of the mandrel and the internal threads of the nut during frequent and repeated nut removal and tightening operations. This can easily lead to problems such as thread wear and metal fatigue, potentially causing the expansion sleeve to loosen and the gear to shift during high-speed gear machining. Furthermore, when the expansion sleeve wears out or deforms due to long-term use, or when a different model of expansion sleeve needs to be replaced to accommodate gears with different inner diameters, the fastening nut at the end of the mandrel must be completely loosened and removed before the failed expansion sleeve can be pulled axially from the mandrel. This replacement process requires significant time for both nut removal and subsequent reinstallation. Additionally, if the nut becomes rusted or jammed due to long-term stress during removal, additional tools are needed for cleaning or loosening, further extending the tooling downtime for maintenance and severely impacting the continuity and efficiency of gear machining. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a shaving tool.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a gear shaving fixture, including a fixed center, a movable center, a mandrel disposed between the fixed center and the movable center, an expansion sleeve disposed on the mandrel, and a pressure sleeve; the mandrel includes a positioning part for connecting with the fixed center 1 of the gear shaving machine and a connecting rod for connecting with the movable center of the gear shaving machine. The positioning part has a boss at one end near the connecting rod, and a connecting cylinder is formed axially on the side of the boss facing the connecting rod, through which the connecting rod can be detachably inserted; the expansion sleeve is sleeved between the connecting rod and the connecting cylinder; the pressure sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting rod, and one end of the pressure sleeve abuts against the expansion sleeve. After the gear to be processed is sleeved on the outer periphery of the expansion sleeve, the connecting rod is driven to move axially toward the connecting cylinder so that the pressure sleeve cooperates with the boss to squeeze the expansion sleeve. The expansion sleeve fixes the gear by radially expanding and deforming to clamp the inner hole of the gear.

[0006] Furthermore, the left and right ends of the inner hole of the expansion sleeve are respectively provided with a first conical flared mouth and a second conical flared mouth. The connecting cylinder includes a conical section with an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the boss portion and a first straight cylindrical section connected to the right end of the conical section. The conical section is adapted to the first conical flared mouth at the left end of the expansion sleeve. The pressure sleeve includes a conical sleeve close to the expansion sleeve and a cylindrical sleeve abutting against the right end of the conical sleeve. The conical sleeve is adapted to the second conical flared mouth at the right end of the expansion sleeve.

[0007] Furthermore, a second straight cylindrical section is provided between the conical section and the boss portion. A pad is fitted over the second straight cylindrical section, and both ends of the pad abut against the boss portion and the expansion sleeve, respectively. An annular groove is formed on the end face of the pad near the expansion sleeve, which is recessed towards the boss portion. The end of the expansion sleeve near the pad can be embedded in the annular groove, and the radially outer peripheral wall of the expansion sleeve fits against the inner sidewall of the annular groove, while its end face abuts against the bottom wall of the annular groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod of the cone sleeve is provided with a first limiting ring that protrudes radially, and the first limiting ring is threadedly connected to the connecting rod; the end of the cone sleeve away from the expansion sleeve is radially recessed to form a first groove, the end face of the first limiting ring abuts against the bottom wall of the first groove, and the radial outer peripheral wall of the first limiting ring fits against the inner side wall of the first groove. Through the fitting cooperation between the first limiting ring and the first groove, the coaxial positioning and axial limiting of the cone sleeve and the connecting rod are realized.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod is provided with a second limiting ring that protrudes radially and is spaced apart from the first limiting ring. The second limiting ring is threadedly connected to the connecting rod. The cylindrical sleeve has a second groove formed by a radial indentation at one end near the awl. The end face of the second limiting ring abuts against the bottom wall of the second groove, and the outer peripheral wall of the second limiting ring fits against the inner side wall of the second groove.

[0010] Furthermore, an annular mounting groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod at the position between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. A retaining ring is embedded in the mounting groove. The outer surface of the retaining ring can abut against the inner surface of the first limiting ring near the second limiting ring to restrict the axial movement of the first limiting ring towards the second limiting ring.

[0011] Furthermore, a mounting cylinder is fixedly provided on the fixed tip 1, the positioning part is inserted into the mounting cylinder, a locking component is provided on the mounting cylinder, and a connecting part adapted to the locking component is provided on the positioning part. The locking component can lock with the connecting part to restrict the movement of the positioning part. The mounting cylinder is also provided with a positioning mechanism for centering the positioning part.

[0012] Furthermore, a fixing plate is provided on the top of the mounting cylinder, and the fixing plate and the mounting cylinder are provided with through holes identical to those inside the mounting cylinder; the locking assembly includes a locking pin, a pull tube, and a telescopic spring, the locking pin is slidably inserted into the through hole, the pull tube is fixedly connected to the end of the locking pin away from the mounting cylinder, the telescopic spring is sleeved on the locking pin and both ends of the telescopic spring are fixedly connected to the fixing plate and the pull tube, and the connecting part is an insertion groove provided at one end of the positioning part that is adapted to the locking pin, and the locking pin can be inserted into the insertion groove to restrict the movement of the positioning part.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning part is provided with an inclined groove at one end near the mounting cylinder, the depth of the inclined groove gradually increases in the direction away from the positioning part, and the insertion groove is provided at the top of the inclined groove and communicates with the inclined groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism includes clamping members disposed within the mounting cylinder for clamping the positioning part from opposite sides of the positioning part, and an adjusting assembly for adjusting the movement of the two clamping members toward each other or away from each other; the bottom of the mounting cylinder is provided with a mounting shell; the adjusting assembly includes a bidirectional lead screw horizontally disposed within the mounting shell and capable of rotating around its own axis, an adjusting knob disposed on one side of the mounting shell and axially connected to the bidirectional lead screw, two lead screw nuts disposed on the bidirectional lead screw, and a guide hole disposed on the side of the mounting shell facing the mounting cylinder and parallel to the bidirectional lead screw; the clamping members include clamping plates disposed within the mounting cylinder on both sides of the positioning part, and a connecting member for connecting the two clamping plates and the two lead screw nuts.

[0015] This utility model provides a gear shaving fixture. By disassembling the mandrel into a positioning part with a boss and a connecting cylinder, and a connecting rod that can be detached from the connecting cylinder, the expansion sleeve is fitted between the connecting rod and the connecting cylinder. The pressure sleeve is fitted and abuts against the expansion sleeve through a limiting ring structure. When replacing the expansion sleeve, there is no need to disassemble the traditional fastening nut; only the connecting rod needs to be detached from the connecting cylinder. This greatly simplifies the expansion sleeve replacement operation, avoids the extra time spent on nut disassembly and installation, and corrosion jamming, significantly shortens the tooling downtime for maintenance, ensures the continuity of gear processing, and effectively improves production efficiency. It also provides convenience for replacing different models of expansion sleeves to adapt to gears with different inner diameter specifications. When replacing the expansion sleeve, the positioning part needs to be separated from the connecting rod. By setting an installation cylinder, the positioning part can be inserted into the installation cylinder to position the positioning part. Only the connecting rod needs to be pulled out of the connecting cylinder of the positioning part to complete the replacement of the expansion sleeve, improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting cylinder in this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull tube and locking pin in this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mandrel positioning part in this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism in this utility model.

[0021] The following are the meanings of the reference numerals in the attached diagram: Fixed center 1; Movable center 2; Mandrel 3; Positioning part 31; Boss part 311; Connecting cylinder 312; Conical section 3121; First straight cylinder section 3122; Second straight cylinder section 3123; Joint part 313; Insertion groove 3131; Inclined groove 314; Connecting rod 32; First limiting ring 321; Second limiting ring 322; Mounting groove 323; Expansion sleeve 4; Pressure sleeve 5; Conical sleeve 51; First groove 511; Cylindrical sleeve 52; Second groove 521; Gear 6; Pad 7; Annular groove 71; Mounting cylinder 8; Locking assembly 81; Locking pin 811; Pull cylinder 812; Telescopic spring 813; Fixed plate 82; Mounting shell 83; Positioning mechanism 9; Clamping part 91; V-groove 911; Adjusting assembly 92; Two-way lead screw 921; Adjusting knob 922; Moving plate 923; Connecting part 924. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation methods:

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 5 This utility model discloses a shaving fixture, comprising a fixed center 1, a movable center 2, a mandrel 3 disposed between the fixed center 1 and the movable center 2, an expansion sleeve 4 disposed on the mandrel 3, and a pressure sleeve 5. The mandrel 3 includes a positioning part 31 for connecting with the fixed center 1 and a connecting rod 32 for connecting with the movable center 2. The positioning part 31 has a boss 311 at one end near the connecting rod 32. The boss 311 has a connecting cylinder 312 detachably inserted into the connecting rod 32 along the axial direction on the side facing the connecting rod 32. The expansion sleeve 4 is sleeved between the connecting rod 32 and the connecting cylinder 312. The pressure sleeve 5 is sleeved outside the connecting rod 32, and one end of the pressure sleeve 5 abuts against the expansion sleeve 4. After the gear 6 to be processed is sleeved on the outer periphery of the expansion sleeve 4, the connecting rod 32 is driven to move axially toward the connecting cylinder 312 so that the pressure sleeve 5 cooperates with the boss part 311 to squeeze the expansion sleeve 4. The expansion sleeve 4 expands radially to hug the inner hole of the gear 6, thereby fixing the gear 6. By splitting the mandrel 3 into the positioning part 31 and the connecting rod 32 that can be connected to the positioning part 31, the expansion sleeve 4 can be replaced without disassembling the traditional fastening nut. Only the connecting rod 32 needs to be disengaged from the connecting cylinder 312, which greatly simplifies the expansion sleeve replacement operation and effectively improves production efficiency. It also provides convenience for replacing different models of expansion sleeves 4 to adapt to gears 6 with different inner diameter specifications.

[0024] In use, the positioning part 31 is connected to the fixed tip 1, and the connecting rod 32 is connected to the movable tip 2. In this embodiment, the connecting cylinder 312 includes a conical section 3121 with an outer diameter smaller than that of the boss part 311, and a first straight cylinder section 3122 connected to the right end of the conical section 3121. The conical section 3121 is adapted to the first conical flared mouth 41. The pressure sleeve 5 includes a conical sleeve 51 near the expansion sleeve 4 and a cylindrical sleeve 52 abutting against the right end of the conical sleeve 51. The conical sleeve 51 is adapted to the second conical flared mouth 42. The left and right ends of the inner hole of the expansion sleeve 4 are respectively provided with a first conical flared mouth 41 and a second conical flared mouth 42. The conical section 3122 is adapted to the first conical flared mouth 42 at the left end of the expansion sleeve 4. First, the expansion sleeve 4 is inserted from the right end of the connecting cylinder 312, so that the first conical flared end 42 of the left end of the expansion sleeve 4 is slowly fitted onto the conical section 3122 of the connecting cylinder 312. The axial position of the expansion sleeve 4 is adjusted until the inner surface of the first conical flared end 42 of the left end of the expansion sleeve 4 is completely in contact with the outer surface of the conical section 3122. At this time, the left end of the expansion sleeve 4 is constrained on the conical section 3122 by the conical fit and cannot be radially offset, laying the foundation for subsequent uniform expansion. Then, by moving the connecting rod 32, the pressure sleeve 5 is squeezed against the expansion sleeve 4 to deform it.

[0025] To prevent the expansion sleeve 4 from moving on the second straight section 3123 and thus failing to deform to its maximum extent, a pad 7 is provided on the outer sleeve of the second straight section 3123 in this embodiment. The two ends of the pad 7 abut against the boss portion 311 and the expansion sleeve 4, respectively. Before assembling the expansion sleeve 4, the pad 7 is fitted over the first straight section 3121 of the connecting cylinder 312, with the left end of the pad 7 abutting against the boss portion 311 of the positioning portion 31. Then, the expansion sleeve 4 is assembled, with the left end of the expansion sleeve 4 abutting against the right end of the pad 7, thus defining the initial axial position of the expansion sleeve 4 through the pad 7. This design allows for the adaptation of expansion sleeves 4 with different axial lengths by replacing the pad 7 of different thicknesses, without requiring a redesign of the mandrel 3 structure, thus improving the tooling's versatility for expansion sleeves of different specifications. Furthermore, to enhance the supporting effect, an annular groove 71 is formed on the end face of the pad 7 near the expansion sleeve 4, recessed towards the boss portion 311. The end of the expansion sleeve 4 near the pad 7 can be fitted into the annular groove 71. After being fitted, the outer peripheral wall of the expansion sleeve 4 fits against the inner sidewall of the annular groove 71, and the end face abuts against the bottom wall of the annular groove 71. The annular groove 71 acts as a radial limiter for the left end of the expansion sleeve 4, preventing radial displacement of the expansion sleeve 4 during extrusion expansion or processing vibration, further improving the positioning accuracy of the expansion sleeve, and indirectly ensuring the coaxiality of gear processing. The embedded structure makes the fit between the expansion sleeve 4 and the pad 7 more stable, reduces the relative sliding between the expansion sleeve and the pad, and avoids wear caused by increased local friction.

[0026] During the movement of the connecting rod 32, in order to ensure better radial deformation of the expansion sleeve 4, the right end of the inner hole of the expansion sleeve 4 is a second conical flared opening 42. The pressure sleeve 5 includes a conical sleeve 51 near the end of the expansion sleeve 4 and a cylindrical sleeve 52 abutting against the right end of the conical sleeve 51. The conical sleeve 51 adapts to the second conical flared opening 42 at the right end of the expansion sleeve 4. Then, the conical sleeve 51 of the pressure sleeve 5 is put on from the left end of the connecting rod 32, and then the cylindrical sleeve 52 is put on from the right end of the connecting rod 32, so that the right end of the conical sleeve 51 abuts against the left end of the cylindrical sleeve 52 to form a complete pressure sleeve structure. The pressure sleeve 5 is moved axially so that the conical sleeve 51 is close to the conical surface of the expansion sleeve 4 and slowly inserted into the second conical flared opening 42 at the right end of the expansion sleeve 4 until the conical surface of the conical sleeve 51 is completely in contact with the inner surface of the second conical flared opening 42 at the right end of the expansion sleeve 4. At this time, both ends of the expansion sleeve 4 are "clamped" by the conical surface, forming a symmetrical fit structure of "left reference, right force application". The gear shaving machine is started, and its movable tip 2 applies an axial thrust to the connecting rod 32, driving the connecting rod 32 to move towards the connecting cylinder 312; the connecting rod 32 drives the pressure sleeve 5 to move synchronously to the left, and the cone sleeve 51 of the pressure sleeve 5 applies an axial compressive force to the conical flared opening 21 at the right end of the expansion sleeve 4 through the conical surface at its right end. Due to the "inclined surface force transmission effect" of the conical surface, the axial compressive force is decomposed into a radial expansion force, and this radial force is evenly distributed along the circumference of the expansion sleeve 4; simultaneously, the first conical flared opening 41 at the left end of the expansion sleeve 4, in conjunction with the conical section 3122 of the connecting cylinder 312, expands evenly along the circumference, ultimately tightly gripping the inner hole of the gear 6, achieving radial positioning of the gear. Furthermore, dividing the compression sleeve 5 into the conical sleeve 51 and the straight sleeve 32 can save costs to a certain extent. Since only the conical sleeve 51 is compressed with the expansion sleeve 4, when the conical sleeve 51 is damaged after long-term use, only the conical sleeve 51 needs to be replaced, and there is no need to replace the entire compression sleeve 5.

[0027] To provide stable support for the vertebral sleeve 51, a first limiting ring 321 extending radially is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod 32. The end of the vertebral sleeve 51 away from the expansion sleeve 4 has an axially recessed first groove 511. The end face of the first limiting ring 321 abuts against the bottom wall of the first groove 511, and the outer peripheral wall of the first limiting ring 321 is in contact with the inner sidewall of the first groove 511. When the gear shaving machine drives the connecting rod 32 to move axially towards the connecting cylinder 312, the connecting rod 32 needs to transmit the compressive force to the expansion sleeve 4 through the pressure sleeve 5. The first limiting ring 321, through a double engagement with the end face of the first groove 511 of the vertebral sleeve 51 and the outer peripheral wall, avoids the failure of force transmission caused by the relative sliding of the vertebral sleeve and the connecting rod, which would prevent the effective compression of the expansion sleeve 4 and directly reduce the fixing accuracy of the gear 6. Simultaneously, a second limiting ring 322, radially protruding and spaced apart from the first limiting ring 321, is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod 32. The cylindrical sleeve 52, near the vertebral sleeve 51, has an axially recessed second groove 521. The end face of the second limiting ring 322 abuts against the bottom wall of the second groove 521, and the outer peripheral wall of the second limiting ring 322 fits against the inner wall of the second groove 521. The second limiting ring 322 first uses an "anti-excessive movement" function to fix the cylindrical sleeve 52 in a preset position. The cylindrical sleeve 52 is positioned to serve as the rigid support point for the rear end of the vertebral sleeve 51. When the vertebral sleeve 51 tends to "over-displace towards the cylindrical sleeve 52" due to the reaction force of the expansion sleeve 4, the right end of the vertebral sleeve 51 will tightly abut against the left end of the cylindrical sleeve 52. At this time, the cylindrical sleeve 52 will transfer the rigid support force of the second limiting ring 322 to the vertebral sleeve 51, forming a reverse support and preventing the vertebral sleeve 51 from continuing to displace. With this split design, it is also convenient to replace the vertebral sleeve 51 and the cylindrical sleeve. After the connecting rod 32 is separated from the connecting cylinder 312, the vertebral sleeve 51 can be pulled out axially along the left end of the connecting rod 32. After the connecting rod 32 is separated from the connecting cylinder 312, the cylindrical sleeve 52 can be pulled out axially along the right end of the connecting rod 32.

[0028] In this embodiment, both the first limiting ring 321 and the second limiting ring 322 are threadedly connected to the connecting rod 32. This design facilitates the replacement of the first limiting ring 321 and the second limiting ring 322. Since the first limiting ring 321 and the second limiting ring 322 are threadedly connected, to prevent displacement of the first limiting ring, an annular mounting groove 323 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod 32 at a position between the first limiting ring 321 and the second limiting ring 322. A retaining ring (not shown in the figure) is embedded in the mounting groove 323. The outer surface of the retaining ring abuts against the inner surface of the first limiting ring 321 near the end of the second limiting ring 322 to restrict axial movement of the first limiting ring 321 towards the second limiting ring 322. The retaining ring provides axial support to the first limiting ring 321, preventing it from loosening or shifting towards the second limiting ring 322 under processing vibration or the reaction force of the expansion sleeve. This ensures the positioning accuracy of the cone sleeve 51 and avoids a decrease in the extrusion pressure of the expansion sleeve and gear fixing failure due to loosening of the limiting ring. The retaining ring has a simple structure and is easy to install, requiring no additional complex limiting structure processing, thus controlling tooling manufacturing costs while ensuring stability.

[0029] Since the positioning part 31 and the connecting rod 32 are separate structures, the positioning part 31 and the connecting rod 32 need to be completely disassembled when replacing the expansion sleeve 4. Furthermore, during reinstallation, the fixed tip 1 and the movable tip 2 need to be repeatedly aligned. Therefore, in this embodiment, an installation cylinder 8 is fixedly provided on the fixed tip 1, and the positioning part 31 is inserted into the installation cylinder 8. The installation cylinder 8 is provided with a locking component 81, and the positioning part 31 is provided with a connecting part 313 adapted to the locking component 81. The locking component 81 can lock with the connecting part 313 to restrict the movement of the positioning part 31. The installation cylinder 8 is also provided with a positioning mechanism 9 for centering the positioning part 31. Therefore, when replacing the expansion sleeve 4, it is not necessary to pull the positioning part 31 out of the installation cylinder 8; only the movable tip 2 needs to be moved to disengage the connecting rod 32 from the connecting cylinder 312 of the positioning part 31, allowing the old expansion sleeve 4 to be removed and a new expansion sleeve 4 to be replaced. During reassembly, simply insert the connecting rod 32 back into the connecting cylinder 312 and reset the movable tip 2. The positioning part 31 is always fixed by the mounting cylinder 8 and maintains coaxiality with the fixed tip 1, completely eliminating the need for repeated tip alignment and reducing work difficulty.

[0030] When the mandrel 3 is inserted into the mounting cylinder 8, the locking assembly 81 and the connecting part can initially limit the movement of the mandrel 3. Specifically, a fixing plate 82 is provided on the top of the mounting cylinder 8, and the fixing plate 82 and the mounting cylinder 8 have the same through holes as the inside of the mounting cylinder 8. The locking assembly 81 includes a locking pin 811, a pull tube 812, and a telescopic spring 813. The locking pin 811 slides through the through hole, the pull tube 812 is fixedly connected to the end of the locking pin 811 away from the mounting cylinder 8, the telescopic spring 813 is sleeved on the locking pin 811, and both ends of the telescopic spring 813 are fixedly connected to the fixing plate 82 and the pull tube 812. The connecting part 313 is an insertion groove 3131 provided at one end of the mandrel 3 that is adapted to the locking pin 811. The locking pin 811 can be inserted into the insertion groove 3131 to restrict the movement of the mandrel 3. During installation, align the middle section of the mandrel 3 with the end closest to the mounting cylinder 8, keeping the axis of the mandrel 3 parallel to the axis of the mounting cylinder 8, and slowly insert it. Continue inserting the mandrel 3 until the end of the mandrel 3 abuts the bottom of the mounting cylinder 8's insertion hole. At this point, the insertion groove 3131 on the mandrel 3 is precisely aligned with the lower end of the locking pin 811. If the locking pin 811 does not automatically fall into the insertion groove 3131, slightly pull the pull tube 812 to adjust the axial position of the mandrel 3, then release the pull tube 812. The telescopic spring 813 will push the locking pin 811 to automatically insert into the insertion groove 3131 of the mandrel 3, completing the pre-locking of the mandrel 3. At this point, the mandrel 3 will remain stable.

[0031] To facilitate installation, a sloping groove 314 is provided at the end of the mandrel 3 near the mounting cylinder 8. The depth of the sloping groove 314 gradually increases in the direction away from the mandrel 3. The insertion groove 3131 is located at the top of the sloping groove 314 and communicates with it. The locking pin 811 is designed with a spherical surface at the end near the mandrel 3. When installing the mandrel 3, hold the positioning part 31 and align the end near the mounting cylinder 8 with the insertion hole, keeping the axis parallel, and slowly push it in. At this time, the entrance end of the sloping groove 314 at the end of the positioning part 31 first contacts the end of the locking pin 811. Continuing to push the positioning part 31 in, the end of the locking pin 811 slides along the inclined surface of the sloping groove 314. As the depth of the inclined groove 314 gradually increases along the pushing direction, the locking pin 811 slowly moves upward along the through hole of the fixing plate 82 (i.e., away from the spindle 3) under the pressure of the inclined groove 314, while compressing the telescopic spring 813. When the positioning part 31 is pushed to the preset position, the locking pin 811 slides to the top of the inclined groove 314, at which point the locking pin 811 is precisely aligned with the insertion groove 3131. The telescopic spring 813 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the locking pin 811 downward to reset and engage in the insertion groove 3131, thus completing the locking of the positioning part 31.

[0032] The inclined structure of the groove 314 provides a continuous guide path for the locking pin 811. Without manually pulling the pull tube 812, the locking pin 811 automatically retracts and aligns with the insertion slot 3131 simply by pushing in the mandrel 3, simplifying the operation. The gradual depth design of the groove 314 makes the movement of the locking pin 811 smoother, reducing rigid collisions between the locking pin 811 and the mandrel 3, lowering the risk of component wear or jamming due to uneven operating force, and extending the tooling's service life. The connection between the groove 314 and the insertion slot 3131 ensures that the locking pin 811 can only enter the locking position along a single path, avoiding misalignment caused by rotation or offset of the positioning part 31, and ensuring consistency of the locking state after each replacement. When the positioning part 31 is inserted into the mounting tube 8, the spherical surface of the locking pin 811 first contacts the inclined surface of the groove 314. Because the spherical surface has no sharp edges, the contact point automatically adjusts as the positioning part 31 is pushed in, always maintaining a point contact state. As the positioning part 31 advances, the spherical surface of the locking pin 811 slides along the inclined groove 314. The curvature of the spherical surface smoothly converts the axial thrust of the positioning part 31 into the upward displacement of the locking pin 811, reducing frictional resistance during the sliding process. When the locking pin 811 enters the insertion groove 3131, the spherical surface fits against the inner surface of the insertion groove 3131, achieving a tight lock through the arc-shaped contact of the spherical surface. Even if the positioning part 31 has slight radial runout, the spherical surface can adaptively adjust the contact position to maintain a stable locking state. The contact between the spherical surface and the inclined groove 314 and the insertion groove 3131 is a point contact, with a smaller contact area and more uniform force per unit area, which can significantly reduce frictional wear during the sliding process and solve the problem that the flat end of the traditional locking pin is prone to scratches due to friction, leading to loose locking.

[0033] During gear shaving, the positioning part 31 and the connecting rod 32 need to drive the gear 6 to rotate while bearing the radial cutting force applied by the shaving cutter. If the mandrel 3 deviates from the center position, it will cause radial runout when the gear rotates, resulting in tooth pitch deviation and tooth profile error. Therefore, the positioning mechanism 9 needs to continuously lock the mandrel 3 in the center position during rotation. To achieve this technical effect, in this embodiment, the positioning mechanism 9 includes clamping members 91 disposed within the mounting cylinder 8 for clamping the positioning part 31 from opposite sides, and an adjusting component 92 for adjusting the movement of the two clamping members 91 toward each other or away from each other; the bottom of the mounting cylinder 8 is provided with a mounting shell 83; the adjusting component 92 includes a bidirectional lead screw 921 horizontally disposed within the mounting shell 83 and rotatable about its own axis, an adjusting knob 922 disposed on one side of the mounting shell 83 and axially connected to the bidirectional lead screw 921, two moving plates 923 disposed on the bidirectional lead screw 921, and a connecting member 924 for connecting the two clamping members 91 and the two moving plates 923. By rotating the bidirectional lead screw 921, the two moving plates 923 can be driven to move axially toward or away from each other along the bidirectional lead screw 921, thereby driving the two clamping members 91 to move.

[0034] To drive the clamping member 91 to move, the connecting member 924 in this embodiment includes a first connecting rod 9241 and a second connecting rod 9242. One end of the first connecting rod 9241 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 923. The first connecting rod 9241 passes through a guide hole 831 opened in the mounting shell 83 along the moving direction of the moving plate 923 and can move with the moving plate 923 along the length direction of the guide hole 831. Openings 62 are provided on both sides of the mounting cylinder 8. The second connecting rod 9242 slides through the openings 62. One end of the second connecting rod 9242 is fixedly connected to the end of the first connecting rod 9241 away from the moving plate 923, and the other end of the second connecting rod 9242 passes through the openings 62 and is fixedly connected to the clamping member 91. In practical use, rotating the adjustment knob 922 drives the bidirectional lead screw 921 to rotate. The moving plate 923 moves along the bidirectional lead screw 921, causing the first connecting rod 9241 to slide along the guide hole 831, and then through the second connecting rod 9242 to slide along the opening 62, ultimately pushing the clamping member 91 closer to or away from the positioning part 31. The cooperation between the first connecting rod 9241 and the guide hole 831, and the second connecting rod 9242 and the opening 62, forms a two-stage guiding structure, converting the rotational motion of the bidirectional lead screw 921 into the linear motion of the clamping member 91. The segmented connecting rod design allows the bidirectional lead screw 921 to be installed inside the mounting shell 9, avoiding the restriction of the transmission components by the internal space of the mounting cylinder 8. At the same time, the mounting cylinder 8 only needs to have a small opening 62, ensuring its surrounding strength of the positioning part 31. For ease of installation, the first connecting rod 9241 and the second connecting rod 9242 are detachably connected. Specifically, the first connecting rod 9241 and the second connecting rod 9242 can be fixed with fixing bolts. The detachable design allows for individual replacement without replacing the entire connecting part 924 or the adjusting assembly 92, reducing component replacement costs. Furthermore, maintenance does not require disassembling the mounting housing 9 and the bidirectional lead screw 921. Moreover, by replacing the second connecting rod 9242 with different lengths or diameters, different specifications of the mandrel 3 can be adapted without redesigning the entire positioning mechanism, further reducing expansion costs.

[0035] The clamping member 91 is a clamping plate. To enhance the clamping effect of the clamping member 91, in this embodiment, V-shaped grooves 911 are provided on the sides of the two clamping members 91 that are close to each other. At the same time, anti-slip rubber pads (not shown in the figure) are also provided on the surface of the V-shaped grooves 911. When the adjusting knob 922 is adjusted to drive the two clamping members 91 to approach the mandrel 3, the outer circle of the mandrel 3 will first contact the two sides of the groove surface of the V-shaped groove 911. Through the geometric constraint of the V-shaped groove 911, the positioning part 31 will automatically align with the center line of the groove bottom, i.e., the theoretical center position, and can achieve precise centering without manual intervention. When the positioning part 31 rotates at high speed, the two sides of the groove surface of the V-shaped groove 911 always maintain line contact with the outer surface of the positioning part 31. Even when subjected to radial cutting force, the groove surface of the V-shaped groove 911 can constrain the positioning part 31 to the center position through symmetrical reaction force, avoiding displacement due to vibration or force fluctuation. For positioning parts 31 with different diameters, the distance between the two clamping members 91 can be adjusted simply by using the bidirectional lead screw 921. The V-groove 911 will automatically adapt to the changes in the diameter of the positioning part 31 through different contact points, always maintaining alignment. Compared to traditional planar clamping that requires repeated manual adjustments for alignment, the geometric constraints of the V-groove 911 allow the positioning part 31 to self-align, unaffected by operator skill, resulting in greater consistency. In this embodiment, the anti-slip rubber pad set in the V-groove 911 can be made of nitrile rubber, which has high hardness and combines elasticity and wear resistance. When the positioning part 31 rotates at high speed, the high coefficient of friction of the rubber pad can prevent relative sliding between the positioning part 31 and the clamping member 91, ensuring effective transmission of clamping force; at the same time, the elasticity of the rubber can absorb some rotational vibration, reducing positioning errors caused by vibration. After the positioning part 31 is inserted into the mounting cylinder 8, the positioning part 31 is positioned at the axis by the positioning mechanism 9. Then, the connecting rod 32 is inserted into the connecting cylinder 312 and the end of the connecting rod 32 is abutted by the movable tip 2. Finally, the movable tip 2 is moved to push the connecting rod 32 until the connecting rod 32 and the positioning part 31 squeeze and expand the expansion sleeve 4 to complete the fixing of the gear 6.

[0036] This utility model provides a gear shaving fixture with the following advantages: The mandrel is divided into a positioning part with a boss and a connecting cylinder, and a detachable connecting rod. An expansion sleeve is fitted between the two. When replacing the expansion sleeve, there is no need to disassemble the traditional fastening nut; simply detach the connecting rod from the connecting cylinder to complete the operation. This significantly simplifies the process, avoids the extra time spent on nut disassembly and installation, and prevents rust and jamming, significantly shortens the fixture's downtime for maintenance, and effectively ensures the continuity of gear processing. It also allows for convenient replacement of expansion sleeves of different inner diameter gears. The pressure sleeve adopts a separate design of a conical sleeve and a cylindrical sleeve. Only the conical sleeve is prone to wear due to direct compression of the expansion sleeve. When damaged, it is not necessary to replace the entire pressure sleeve; only the conical sleeve needs to be replaced, significantly reducing the fixture's maintenance material costs and optimizing its practicality and reliability. Furthermore, when replacing the expansion sleeve and pressure sleeve, the positioning part and connecting rod need to be separated. By setting an installation cylinder, the positioning part can be inserted into the installation cylinder for positioning. Simply pull the connecting rod out of the connecting cylinder of the positioning part and replace with a new expansion sleeve to complete the replacement, improving work efficiency.

[0037] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or its practicality.

Claims

1. A shaving fixture, comprising a fixed center, a movable center, a mandrel disposed between the fixed center and the movable center, an expansion sleeve disposed on the mandrel, and a pressure sleeve; characterized in that: The mandrel includes a positioning part for connecting with the fixed center and a connecting rod for connecting with the movable center. The positioning part has a boss at one end near the connecting rod. A connecting cylinder is formed axially on the side of the boss facing the connecting rod, through which the connecting rod can be detachably inserted. An expansion sleeve is fitted between the connecting rod and the connecting cylinder. A pressure sleeve is fitted outside the connecting rod, with one end of the pressure sleeve abutting against the expansion sleeve. After the gear to be processed is fitted onto the outer circumference of the expansion sleeve, the connecting rod is driven to move axially toward the connecting cylinder so that the pressure sleeve cooperates with the boss to squeeze the expansion sleeve. The expansion sleeve fixes the gear by radially expanding and deforming to grip the inner hole of the gear.

2. The shaving fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion sleeve has a first conical flared opening and a second conical flared opening at its left and right ends, respectively. The connecting cylinder includes a conical section with an outer diameter smaller than that of the boss and a first straight cylindrical section connected to the right end of the conical section. The conical section is adapted to the first conical flared opening. The pressure sleeve includes a cone sleeve close to the expansion sleeve and a cylindrical sleeve abutting against the right end of the cone sleeve. The cone sleeve is adapted to the second conical flared opening.

3. The shaving fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second straight cylindrical section is provided between the conical section and the boss portion. A pad is provided on the outer sleeve of the second straight cylindrical section. The two ends of the pad abut against the boss portion and the expansion sleeve, respectively. An annular groove is formed on the end face of the pad near the expansion sleeve, which is recessed towards the boss portion. The end of the expansion sleeve near the pad can be embedded in the annular groove. The radial outer peripheral wall of the expansion sleeve fits against the inner side wall of the annular groove, and the end face abuts against the bottom wall of the annular groove.

4. The shaving fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod is provided with a first limiting ring that protrudes radially, and the first limiting ring is threadedly connected to the connecting rod; the end of the vertebral sleeve away from the expansion sleeve is radially recessed to form a first groove, the end face of the first limiting ring abuts against the bottom wall of the first groove, and the radial outer peripheral wall of the first limiting ring fits against the inner side wall of the first groove. The fitting and cooperation between the first limiting ring and the first groove enables the vertebral sleeve and the connecting rod to be coaxially positioned and axially limited.

5. The shaving fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall of the connection is provided with a second limiting ring that protrudes radially and is spaced apart from the first limiting ring. The second limiting ring is threadedly connected to the connecting rod. The end of the cylindrical sleeve near the cone sleeve is radially recessed to form a second groove. The end face of the second limiting ring abuts against the bottom wall of the second groove, and the outer peripheral wall of the second limiting ring fits against the inner side wall of the second groove.

6. The shaving fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall of the connecting rod has an annular mounting groove located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. A retaining ring is embedded in the mounting groove. The outer surface of the retaining ring can abut against the inner surface of the first limiting ring near the second limiting ring to restrict the axial movement of the first limiting ring towards the second limiting ring.

7. The shaving fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: An installation cylinder is fixedly provided on the fixed top, and the positioning part is inserted into the installation cylinder. A locking component is provided on the installation cylinder, and a connecting part adapted to the locking component is provided on the positioning part. The locking component can lock with the connecting part to restrict the movement of the positioning part. The installation cylinder is also provided with a positioning mechanism for centering the positioning part.

8. The shaving fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fixing plate is provided on the top of the mounting cylinder, and the fixing plate and the mounting cylinder have the same through holes as the inside of the mounting cylinder; the locking assembly includes a locking pin, a pull tube, and a telescopic spring. The locking pin is slidably inserted into the through hole, and the pull tube is fixedly connected to the end of the locking pin away from the mounting cylinder. The telescopic spring is sleeved on the locking pin, and both ends of the telescopic spring are fixedly connected to the fixing plate and the pull tube. The connecting part is an insertion groove provided at one end of the positioning part that is adapted to the locking pin. The locking pin can be inserted into the insertion groove to restrict the movement of the positioning part.

9. The shaving fixture according to claim 8, characterized in that: The positioning part is provided with an inclined groove at one end near the mounting cylinder. The depth of the inclined groove gradually increases in the direction away from the positioning part. The insertion groove is provided at the top of the inclined groove and communicates with the inclined groove.

10. The shaving fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism includes clamping members disposed within the mounting cylinder for clamping the positioning part from opposite sides of the positioning part, and an adjustment assembly for adjusting the movement of the two clamping members toward each other or away from each other; the bottom of the mounting cylinder is provided with a mounting shell; the adjustment assembly includes a bidirectional lead screw horizontally disposed within the mounting shell and capable of rotating around its own axis, an adjustment knob disposed on one side of the mounting shell and axially connected to the bidirectional lead screw, two moving plates disposed on the bidirectional lead screw, and a connecting member for connecting the two clamping members and the two moving plates; by rotating the bidirectional lead screw, the two moving plates can be driven to move toward or away from each other along the axial direction of the bidirectional lead screw, thereby driving the two clamping members to move.

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