A spherical roller detection stage for a vickers hardness tester
By adding a detachable auxiliary processing table and clamping frame to the Vickers hardness tester, the stability problem of spherical roller testing was solved, the testing error and equipment modification cost were reduced, and the testing efficiency and equipment versatility were improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202621053346.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2036-07-13
AI Technical Summary
The planar stage of a traditional Vickers hardness tester cannot stably position the spherical roller, resulting in large testing errors and easy damage to the indenter. The cost of modifying a dedicated stage is high, and it cannot be quickly converted to test routine workpieces.
A detachable auxiliary processing table is added to the base of the Vickers hardness tester, equipped with a detachable clamping frame and control components, to achieve stable clamping of spherical rollers and can be quickly converted to planar clamping to adapt to different workpieces.
It achieves stable detection of spherical rollers, reduces detection errors and equipment costs, improves detection efficiency and equipment versatility, and adapts to various workpiece requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN224681936U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model mainly relates to the technical field of spherical roller testing, specifically a spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester. Background Technology
[0002] Spherical rollers, also known as spherical rollers, are the core components of self-aligning roller bearings. They are widely used in key load-bearing components of oilfield equipment such as beam pumping units, drilling and workover equipment, and automatic well workover rigs. These components include crank pin assemblies, rotary table drive systems, winch drum assemblies, and top drive transmission mechanisms. The rolling elements of these bearings are all spherical rollers. The surface hardness of the spherical rollers directly determines the bearing's load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and service life. Therefore, during the production and processing of spherical rollers, surface hardness must be sampled and tested using a Vickers hardness tester to ensure product quality.
[0003] Vickers hardness testers are commonly used microhardness testing equipment in the industrial field. They are mainly used for hardness testing of small parts and surface diffusion coatings. During testing, the workpiece to be tested needs to be fixed on the stage, the position of the workpiece is adjusted so that the indenter is aligned with the test point, and then the indenter is controlled to press down to obtain an indentation. The hardness value is calculated by measuring the area of the indentation. Therefore, the clamping stability of the stage directly determines the accuracy of hardness testing.
[0004] Traditional Vickers hardness testers are mostly supplied with fixed planar stages. When testing spherical rollers, these planar stages cannot stably position the rollers, making them prone to rolling deviation during testing. This not only causes the indenter to deviate, resulting in test errors exceeding the allowable range, but also easily damages the expensive Vickers hardness tester indenter, increasing testing costs. Furthermore, existing dedicated stages for spherical roller testing are mostly integral structures that replace the original stage after installation. If testing regular planar workpieces is required, the dedicated stage must be removed and replaced with the original stage, making the operation cumbersome and the modification cost high. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the shortcomings of current technology, this utility model, based on existing technology and practical application, provides a spherical roller testing stage for Vickers hardness testers. Stable testing of spherical rollers can be achieved simply by adding a detachable auxiliary testing structure, while retaining the basic functions of the original fixed stage.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester includes a base, on which a fixed stage is mounted, and further includes: An auxiliary processing table, which is detachably installed above the fixed worktable; A clamping frame is provided on both sides of the auxiliary processing table to lock the auxiliary processing table to the fixed worktable; A control component for controlling the movement of the clamping frame to lock and unlock the auxiliary processing table; A multi-functional clamping plate is mounted on the auxiliary processing table via an adjustable clamping seat assembly for clamping the object to be inspected.
[0007] Preferably, the auxiliary processing table includes an integrally formed main table plate and a bottom support plate, the bottom support plate being disposed on both sides of the main table plate, and the control component being disposed below the main table plate and located between the two bottom support plates.
[0008] Preferably, the clamping frame and the auxiliary processing table are slidably coupled, and the control component is used to adjust the distance between the two clamping frames so that the two clamping frames are clamped and locked on both sides of the fixed platform.
[0009] Preferably, the clamping frame includes: A bending slide plate, which is slidably mounted on both sides of the auxiliary processing table; Anti-slip clip, which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the bent slide plate and is used to extend into the side of the fixed platform to achieve clamping and locking; A matching screw tube is connected to the bent slide plate via a connecting plate, and the matching screw tube is used to connect to the control component.
[0010] Preferably, the control component includes: A bottom motor is fixedly installed at the lower end of the auxiliary processing table; A double-ended screw, which is connected to a bottom motor via a gear set, has opposite threads at both ends for connecting to corresponding mating screw tubes.
[0011] Preferably, the adjustable clamping assembly is provided in two sets, with one multi-functional clamping plate on each set of adjustable clamping assembly. The object to be tested can be clamped by adjusting the distance between the two multi-functional clamping plates on both sides through the adjustable clamping assembly.
[0012] Preferably, the adjustable clamp assembly includes: A top seat block, which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the auxiliary processing table; A transverse screw is threadedly connected to the top seat block, and a multi-functional clamping plate is rotatably mounted on the end of the transverse screw.
[0013] Preferably, the multifunctional clamping plate includes: An arc-shaped clamp, one end of which is arc-shaped, and the other end of which is rotatably mounted on an adjustable clamping base assembly.
[0014] Preferably, the multifunctional clamping plate further includes: A flat clamping plate, wherein the flat clamping plate and the arc-shaped clamping plate are detachably connected.
[0015] Preferably, the curved clamp is provided with bent sockets on both sides, and the flat clamp is inserted into the bent sockets.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: The stage structure provided by this utility model retains the basic function of the original fixed stage of the Vickers hardness tester. Stable testing of spherical rollers can be achieved simply by adding a detachable auxiliary testing structure. The modification cost is low, no replacement of the original equipment body is required, and it is compatible with most conventional models of Vickers hardness testers, with a wide range of compatibility.
[0017] This invention employs an automatically synchronized clamping and locking structure, enabling rapid assembly, disassembly, and locking of the auxiliary processing table. Compared to the traditional method of manually adjusting the locking structure separately, it improves clamping efficiency, significantly shortens preparation time before inspection, and enhances the efficiency of batch inspection.
[0018] This invention allows for quick conversion of the clamping surface, enabling stable clamping and testing of spherical rollers of different diameters. This solves the problems of easy rolling and large testing errors when using traditional stage clamps for spherical rollers. It can also be converted into a planar clamping structure to adapt to the testing of conventional workpieces. It has multiple functions, high equipment utilization, and reduces the investment cost of testing equipment for enterprises. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a perspective view of the device without the equipment base and fixed platform installed. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A perspective view of the device shown from a lower angle; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Front view of the device shown; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A perspective view of the device shown without the flat clamping plate installed. Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the clamping frame of this utility model.
[0020] In the diagram: 1. Equipment base; 2. Fixed platform; 3. Auxiliary processing table; 31. Main platform; 32. Bottom support plate; 4. Clamping frame; 41. Bending slide plate; 411. Connecting plate; 412. Matching screw tube; 42. Anti-slip clip; 5. Control components; 51. Bottom motor; 52. Double-ended screw; 6. Adjustable clamping seat assembly; 61. Top seat block; 62. Horizontal screw; 7. Multifunctional clamping plate; 71. Arc-shaped clamping plate; 711. Matching seat; 712. Bending socket; 72. Flat clamping plate. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined in this application.
[0022] This embodiment provides a spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester, the main structure of which is referenced. Figures 1-6 As shown.
[0023] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The Vickers hardness tester testing stage provided in this embodiment mainly includes a traditional Vickers hardness tester base 1 and a fixed stage 2.
[0024] An auxiliary processing table 3 is detachably mounted on the fixed platform 2. Two sets of clamping frames 4 for locking to the fixed platform 2 are slidably mounted on both sides of the auxiliary processing table 3. A control component 5 for controlling the distance between the two sets of clamping frames 4 is also provided at the lower end of the auxiliary processing table 3. By controlling the movement of the two sets of clamping frames 4 through the control component 5, the auxiliary processing table 3 can be locked onto the fixed platform. Adjustable clamping base assemblies 6 are provided on both sides of the upper surface of the auxiliary processing table 3. A multi-functional clamping plate 7 is rotatably mounted on the head of the adjustable clamping base assembly 6.
[0025] In the above structure of this embodiment, by retaining the original fixed stage 2 on the original Vickers hardness tester base 1 and adding a detachable auxiliary processing stage 3, the original stage's function of detecting conventional workpieces is preserved, while a dedicated clamping structure can be quickly added for the detection of spherical rollers. This eliminates the need for extensive modifications to the original equipment, resulting in extremely low modification costs. By setting a sliding clamping frame 4 in conjunction with the control component 5, the distance between the two sets of clamping frames 4 can be automatically adjusted, enabling quick clamping and locking of the auxiliary processing stage 3 and the fixed stage 2. Compared with the traditional manual locking structure, the clamping efficiency is significantly improved. At the same time, the adjustable clamping seat component 6 at the upper end, together with the rotatable multi-functional clamping plate 7, can not only adapt to the arc contour of the spherical roller for stable clamping, but also quickly switch the clamping state to adapt to other types of workpieces. It can meet the multi-condition detection requirements without replacing the entire stage, greatly improving the versatility of the Vickers hardness tester.
[0026] Reference Figure 4 The auxiliary processing table 3 in this embodiment mainly includes an integrally formed main table plate 31 and a bottom support plate 32. The bottom support plate 32 is set in two sets and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end surface of the main table plate 31.
[0027] In this embodiment, the auxiliary processing table 3 is divided into a main table plate 31 and two symmetrically arranged integrally formed bottom support plates 32. The integrally formed structure can ensure the overall structural strength of the auxiliary processing table 3, and it will not deform even under long-term clamping loads, thus improving the service life of the stage. The two sets of bottom support plates 32 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the main table plate 31, leaving sufficient installation space in the middle to accommodate the control components 5. This optimizes the overall structural layout, prevents structural interference with the fixed stage 2, and ensures that the auxiliary processing table 3 is evenly stressed after installation, preventing tilting or displacement and improving the accuracy of the detection position.
[0028] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The clamping frame 4 in this embodiment includes a bending slide plate 41 and an anti-slip clamping strip 42. Guide grooves for the sliding installation of the bending slide plate 41 are provided on both sides of the main platform 31. The bending slide plate 41 is slidably embedded in the guide grooves to achieve a stable sliding fit. The anti-slip clamping strip 42 is located at the lower end of the bending slide plate 41. The clamping frame 4 adopts a structure of bending slide plate 41 and anti-slip clamping strip 42. The structure of the bending slide plate 41 can adapt to the guide grooves on both sides of the main platform 31, smoothly realizing the sliding action. At the same time, it can drive the anti-slip clamping strip 42 to extend into the side of the fixed platform 2 to achieve clamping and locking. The structural design is compact and reasonable. The anti-slip clamping strip 42 can significantly increase the friction coefficient between the clamping frame 4 and the fixed platform 2, effectively preventing the auxiliary processing table 3 from sliding during the testing process, further improving the accuracy of the testing position and reducing the error of hardness testing.
[0029] In this embodiment, a connecting plate 411 is vertically arranged on the lower end face of the bending slide plate 41, and a mating screw tube 412 is provided on one side of the connecting plate 411. The mating screw tube 412 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 411. By providing a connecting plate 411 at the lower end of the bending slide plate 41 and extending a mating screw tube 412, the mating screw tube 412 is connected to the transmission structure of the control component 5. This converts the rotational transmission of the control component 5 into the linear sliding of the clamping frame 4, making full use of the idle space under the auxiliary processing table 3 without occupying the workspace for workpiece inspection above. The overall layout is more compact and reasonable. The transmission path is shorter, the transmission error is smaller, and the threaded connection between the mating screw tube 412 and the screw of the control component ensures good transmission stability, prevents transmission jamming, and maintains a fixed position after locking, resulting in high reliability.
[0030] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the control component 5 includes a bottom motor 51 and a double-ended screw 52 threadedly connected to a mating solenoid 412. The bottom motor 51 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the main table 31, and a drive gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the bottom motor 51. A driven gear that meshes with the drive gear is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the double-ended screw 52. The control component 5 adopts a transmission structure of bottom motor 51 and double-ended screw 52, which transmits power through gear meshing. The threads at both ends of the double-ended screw 52 rotate in opposite directions, which can synchronously drive the two clamping frames 4 to move towards or away from each other through one rotation of the motor, realizing synchronous spacing adjustment. There is no need for the operator to manually adjust the two clamping frames 4 separately, which greatly improves the assembly and disassembly efficiency of the auxiliary processing table 3, while ensuring that the clamping force on both sides is symmetrical and uniform, and there is no problem of uneven force causing the auxiliary processing table 3 to shift. Gear meshing transmission has high transmission efficiency and large output torque. After locking, there will be no position slippage, resulting in good stability. The bottom motor 51 is hidden and installed at the lower end of the main plate 31, which will not interfere with the hardness detection operation above. It has better safety and aesthetics. Mature small stepper motors can be selected, which have high control precision and can meet the needs of small stroke pitch adjustment.
[0031] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 The adjustable clamp assembly 6 includes a top seat block 61 and a transverse screw 62. The top seat block 61 is fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end face of the main plate 31, and the transverse screw 62 is threadedly connected to the top seat block 61.
[0032] In this embodiment, the adjustable clamping assembly 6 adopts a structure with a top seat block 61 and a transverse screw 62. The operator only needs to rotate the transverse screw 62 to quickly adjust the distance between the two multi-functional clamping plates 7, which can accommodate spherical rollers of different diameters. The adjustment operation is simple and convenient, without the need for an additional power structure, resulting in low manufacturing costs. The manual adjustment method allows for precise fine-tuning of small-sized spherical rollers, providing better adaptability. The top seat block 61 is fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the main table plate 31, ensuring structural stability and preventing deformation after bearing clamping loads, thus guaranteeing clamping reliability for long-term use.
[0033] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The multi-functional clamping plate 7 includes an arc-shaped clamping plate 71 and a flat clamping plate 72. The arc-shaped clamping plate 71 has a mating seat 711 in the middle that is rotatably connected to the head of the transverse screw 62. The two ends of the arc-shaped clamping plate 71 are provided with bent sockets 712 for the flat clamping plate 72 to be inserted and installed. The flat clamping plate 72 and the arc-shaped clamping plate 71 are detachably and fixedly connected.
[0034] In this embodiment, the multi-functional clamping plate 7 adopts a structure of arc-shaped clamping plate 71 combined with a detachable flat clamping plate 72. The inner arc surface of the arc-shaped clamping plate 71 can perfectly fit the outer arc surface of the spherical roller, greatly increasing the clamping contact area. This can avoid excessive local stress damaging the machining surface of the spherical roller, and also ensure clamping stability, preventing the spherical roller from rolling off course during the inspection process. By setting bent sockets 712 at both ends of the arc-shaped clamping plate 71, the flat clamping plate 72 can be quickly plugged in and installed, quickly converting the clamping surface to a flat surface. This allows for clamping and fixing flat workpieces or other irregularly shaped workpieces without disassembling the entire auxiliary processing table 3. This achieves functional conversion with high operating efficiency and greatly improves the versatility of the stage. The detachable connection also facilitates later maintenance and replacement of parts, reducing long-term operating costs.
[0035] When using this stage, you can choose whether to install an auxiliary processing stage 3 according to the testing requirements. The specific working process is as follows: When batch testing of the hardness of spherical rollers is required, the auxiliary processing table 3 is first placed in the middle of the fixed platform 2 at a preset position. The bottom power is turned on, and the controller controls the bottom motor 51 to rotate in the forward direction. The bottom motor 51 drives the drive gear on the output shaft to rotate. The drive gear meshes with the driven gear to drive the double-headed screw 52 to rotate synchronously. Since the threads at both ends of the double-headed screw 52 rotate in opposite directions, the two mating screw tubes 412 will drive the two clamping frames 4 on both sides to slide towards each other along the side of the main platform 31 under the thread drive until the anti-slip clamping strip 42 clamps the two side walls of the fixed platform 2. When the pressure sensor inside the anti-slip clamping strip 42 detects that the clamping force reaches the preset threshold, the controller controls the bottom motor 51 to stop rotating, completing the rapid locking of the auxiliary processing table 3. The clamping process only takes 10-15 seconds, which is much faster than traditional manual clamping.
[0036] After locking the auxiliary processing table 3, manually rotate the rotating handles of the two transverse screws 62 according to the diameter of the spherical roller to be tested. The transverse screws 62 rotate within the top seat block 61, pushing the multi-functional clamping plate 7 at the head to move laterally. Adjust the distance between the two multi-functional clamping plates 7, place the spherical roller between the two arc-shaped clamping plates 71, and continue to rotate the transverse screws 62 so that the inner arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamping plates 71 fit together and clamp the spherical roller. Since the arc-shaped clamping plates 71 can rotate relative to the head of the transverse screws 62, they can adapt to the arc surface contour of the spherical roller, ensuring uniform contact area, stable clamping, and preventing rolling.
[0037] After adjusting the detection position of the spherical roller, the indenter of the Vickers hardness tester can be controlled to press down to complete the hardness test. During the test, the position of the auxiliary processing table 3 is fixed, the spherical roller will not shift, and the detection accuracy is high.
[0038] When it is necessary to inspect flat workpieces or other non-spherical workpieces, there is no need to remove the auxiliary processing table 3. Simply insert the two flat clamping plates 72 into the bent sockets 712 at both ends of the arc clamping plate 71, tighten the fastening bolts to complete the fixation, and the clamping surface can be converted into a flat surface. Adjust the spacing of the transverse screws 62 to clamp the flat workpiece, and quickly realize the function conversion.
[0039] When the auxiliary processing table 3 is not needed, the controller controls the bottom motor 51 to rotate in the opposite direction, which drives the double-headed screw 52 to rotate in reverse. The two clamping frames 4 move in opposite directions to release the fixed platform 2, so that the auxiliary processing table 3 can be removed as a whole. The Vickers hardness tester can then be restored to its original fixed platform 2 state of use, making the operation very convenient.
[0040] In this embodiment, both the equipment base 1 and the fixed platform 2 are made of HT200 gray cast iron, milled and plated with 0.05mm thick hard chrome, providing good rigidity, strong shock absorption, dimensional stability, and wear and corrosion resistance. The main platform 31 and the bottom support plate 32 are made of No. 45 steel with heat treatment, and the hardness is controlled between HB220-250, ensuring sufficient strength for clamping and preventing deformation. The anti-slip strip 42 is made of nitrile rubber with a Shore hardness of 70A, providing a high coefficient of friction, good anti-slip effect, and preventing scratches on the surface of the fixed platform 2. A connecting plate 411 is vertically welded to the lower end of the bending slide plate 41, and a mating screw tube 412 is welded to one side of the connecting plate 411. The internal thread accuracy of the mating screw tube 412 is 6H, ensuring smooth transmission. The bottom motor 51 is preferably a 28BYJ-48 four-phase five-wire stepper motor with a rated operating voltage of 12V and a rated output torque of 0.25N•m, meeting the torque and accuracy requirements of short-stroke transmission. The bottom motor 51 is controlled by an STM32F103RCT6 controller, achieving a control accuracy of 0.1° and a spacing adjustment accuracy of 0.01mm. An FSSM005N miniature pressure sensor is installed inside the anti-slip clamping strip 42. The sensor signal is transmitted to the controller, which automatically stops the bottom motor 51 when the clamping force reaches a preset 2N threshold, preventing excessive clamping force from damaging the structure and achieving automated clamping. The double-ended screw 52 is made of 40Cr steel with a quenched and tempered finish, with opposite thread directions at both ends and a 1mm pitch. It has a blackened, rust-proof surface treatment for wear resistance and durability. The transverse screw 62 is made of 45# steel with a 0.5mm pitch and a thread accuracy of 6H. A rotating handle is machined at the end for convenient manual adjustment with high precision. Both the arc-shaped clamping plate 71 and the flat clamping plate 72 are made of 6061 aluminum alloy with anodized surface treatment. They are lightweight and have high hardness, and will not scratch the machined surface of the spherical roller. The inner arc reference radius of the arc-shaped clamping plate 71 is set to R50, which can be used to fit spherical rollers with diameters ranging from 10mm to 100mm, making it highly versatile.
Claims
1. A spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester, comprising a base, wherein a fixed stage is disposed on the base, characterized in that, Also includes: An auxiliary processing table, which is detachably installed above the fixed worktable; A clamping frame is provided on both sides of the auxiliary processing table to lock the auxiliary processing table to the fixed worktable; A control component for controlling the movement of the clamping frame to lock and unlock the auxiliary processing table; A multi-functional clamping plate is mounted on the auxiliary processing table via an adjustable clamping seat assembly for clamping the object to be inspected.
2. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary processing table includes an integrally formed main table and a bottom support plate. The bottom support plate is disposed on both sides of the main table, and the control component is disposed below the main table and between the two bottom support plates.
3. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping frame slides with the auxiliary processing table, and the control component is used to adjust the distance between the two clamping frames so that the two clamping frames are clamped and locked on both sides of the fixed platform.
4. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamping frame includes: A bending slide plate, which is slidably mounted on both sides of the auxiliary processing table; Anti-slip clip, which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the bent slide plate and is used to extend into the side of the fixed platform to achieve clamping and locking; A matching solenoid is connected to the bent slide plate via a connecting plate, and the matching solenoid is used to connect to the control component.
5. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control component includes: A bottom motor is fixedly installed at the lower end of the auxiliary processing table; A double-ended screw, which is connected to a bottom motor via a gear set, has opposite threads at both ends for connecting to corresponding mating screw tubes.
6. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable clamping assembly is provided in two sets, and each set of adjustable clamping assembly is provided with a multi-functional clamping plate. The object to be tested can be clamped by adjusting the distance between the two multi-functional clamping plates on both sides through the adjustable clamping assembly.
7. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustable clamp assembly includes: A top seat block, which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the auxiliary processing table; A transverse screw is threadedly connected to the top seat block, and a multi-functional clamping plate is rotatably mounted on the end of the transverse screw.
8. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multifunctional clamping plate includes: An arc-shaped clamp, one end of which is arc-shaped, and the other end is rotatably mounted on an adjustable clamping base assembly.
9. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 8, characterized in that, The multi-functional clamping plate also includes: A flat clamping plate, wherein the flat clamping plate and the arc-shaped clamping plate are detachably connected.
10. The spherical roller testing stage for a Vickers hardness tester according to claim 9, characterized in that, The curved clamp is provided with bent sockets on both sides, and the flat clamp is inserted into the bent sockets.