A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide

Abstract

This utility model provides a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, belonging to the field of by-product processing technology. It includes a column body, with the column body mounted on top of a support frame. A reboiler is installed on one side of the column body, and a support frame and two sets of condensers are installed on the other side. A collection pipe is installed at the top of the column body, and a drain pipe is installed at the bottom. The column body contains three sets of first condensing plates, two sets of second condensing plates, and two sets of fixing frames. Two sets of spraying components are also installed inside the column body. An air inlet and a first interface are located on one side of the column body, and a second interface is located at the bottom. Two sets of first condensing ports and two sets of second condensing ports are opened on one side of the column body. Waste gas is condensed by multiple sets of first and second condensing plates and condensers, improving separation efficiency. Simultaneously, the liquid flowing back into the column body from the condensers cools the first and second condensing plates. When the waste gas rises, it partially condenses upon contact with the first and second condensing plates, reducing energy consumption and improving separation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of by-product processing technology, and more specifically, to a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global focus on greenhouse gas emission control, the capture and resource utilization of carbon dioxide is receiving growing attention. The alcohol fermentation process generates a large amount of carbon dioxide-rich fermentation tail gas, but it also contains organic impurities such as moisture, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters, as well as trace amounts of sulfides and nitrogen. Efficiently purifying the carbon dioxide in this tail gas can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also produce food-grade or industrial-grade high-purity carbon dioxide products, achieving a dual improvement in economic and environmental benefits. Currently, the main technologies for purifying carbon dioxide from fermentation tail gas include absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation, with cryogenic distillation being widely used. Existing distillation columns for carbon dioxide purification, especially when dealing with complex components like alcohol fermentation tail gas, often suffer from both low separation efficiency and high energy consumption.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional distillation columns have relatively few distillation repetitions, making it difficult to achieve sufficient removal of impurities in a single column. This often requires the addition of additional purification equipment, increasing system complexity and investment costs. As a result, the purity of the final product is unstable and it is difficult to consistently meet the requirements of food grade or higher specifications.

[0004] On the other hand, carbon dioxide liquefaction and distillation need to be carried out under high pressure and low temperature conditions, and the energy consumption of the compression and refrigeration systems accounts for more than 70% of the total energy consumption of the entire purification unit.

[0005] Therefore, traditional distillation columns need improvement in terms of separation efficiency and energy consumption control. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, achieved by the following specific technical means: A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide includes a column body, a rack, and a reboiler. The column body is mounted on top of the rack, the reboiler is located on one side of the column body, and a support and two sets of condensers are located on the other side of the column body. A collection pipe is installed at the top of the column body, and a drain pipe is installed at the bottom. The tower body is equipped with three sets of first condensing plates, two sets of second condensing plates, and two sets of fixing frames. The tower body is also equipped with two sets of spraying components. An air inlet and a first interface are provided on one side of the tower body, a second interface is provided at the bottom of the tower body, and two sets of first condensation ports and two sets of second condensation ports are opened on one side of the tower body.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment, two sets of second condensing plates are respectively located above two sets of first condensing plates, and both sets of spraying components are located above the second condensing plates.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment, the two sets of condensers are respectively connected to a first condenser tube and a second condenser tube at both ends, the two sets of first condenser tubes are connected to the first condenser port, and the two sets of second condenser tubes are connected to the second condenser port.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the two sets of first condensation ports are respectively located below the two sets of first condensation plates, and the two sets of second condensation ports are respectively located above the two sets of second condensation plates. Both sets of the second condensation ports are connected to the spraying assembly.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, both sets of spraying components include a conduit, an annular pipe, and multiple sets of nozzles; One end of each of the two sets of conduits is connected to the second condensation port, and the other end of each of the two sets of conduits is connected to the annular tube. Multiple sets of nozzles are connected to the bottom of each of the two sets of annular tubes, and both sets of conduits are connected to the fixing frame.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, one end of both the first interface and the second interface is connected to a connecting pipe, and one end of both sets of connecting pipes is connected to the reboiler.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, two sets of fixing rings are fixedly connected to the bracket, and both sets of condensers are connected to the fixing rings.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, both sets of second condensing plates are conical in shape with a concave bottom surface, and all three sets of first condensing plates are inverted conical in shape with a through hole at the top.

[0014] Based on the above aspects, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: First, the exhaust gas enters the tower body through the inlet. When some of the gas accumulates below the first condensing plate, this gas will pass through the first condensing port and the first condensing pipe to reach the condenser. After condensation, it becomes liquid. The liquid enters the conduit through the second condensing pipe and the second condensing port, and then is sprayed onto the top of the second condensing plate through the annular pipe and the nozzle. It then flows along the inclined surface of the top of the second condensing plate to the top of the first condensing plate, cooling the first and second condensing plates. When the gas comes into contact with the bottom of the first and second condensing plates, some of the gas will also condense, reducing energy consumption.

[0015] Secondly, the condensed liquid falls to the bottom of the tower through the second and first condensing plates, and is then turned into a gaseous state again by the reboiler, reducing the residual carbon dioxide in the liquid and improving the separation effect. At the same time, the exhaust gas is condensed and separated by multiple sets of first and second condensing plates and condensers, which improves the separation efficiency. The condensate is vaporized and condensed again by the reboiler, which reduces the residual carbon dioxide in the condensate and improves the separation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a left view of the column body in a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of AA.

[0017] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and drawing numbers is as follows: 100. Tower body; 101. Placement rack; 102. Reboiler; 103. Support; 104. Condenser; 105. Collection pipe; 106. Drain pipe; 107. First condensing plate; 108. Second condensing plate; 109. Fixing frame; 110. Air inlet; 111. First interface; 112. Second interface; 113. First condensing port; 114. Second condensing port; 115. First condensing pipe; 116. Second condensing pipe; 117. Conduit; 118. Circular pipe; 119. Nozzle; 120. Connecting pipe; 121. Fixing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided by an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a left view of the column body in a distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 5 yes Figure 4The following is a cross-sectional view of AA, and a detailed introduction to this type of distillation column used for carbon dioxide purification is provided below.

[0019] A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide includes a column body 100, a rack 101, and a reboiler 102. The column body 100 is mounted on the top of the rack 101. The reboiler 102 is provided on one side of the column body 100. A support 103 and two sets of condensers 104 are provided on the other side of the column body 100. A collection pipe 105 is installed on the top of the column body 100, and a drain pipe 106 is installed on the bottom. It should be noted that the mounting rack 101 is used to support the installation of the tower body 100, the reboiler 102 can make the condensate in the tower body 100 vaporize again and rise to condense, reducing the carbon dioxide residue in the liquid, the condenser 104 is used to condense the exhaust gas, and one end of the collection pipe 105 and the drain pipe 106 can be connected to a solenoid valve (not shown in the figure) to control the on and off.

[0020] The tower body 100 is equipped with three sets of first condensing plates 107, two sets of second condensing plates 108 and two sets of fixing brackets 109. The tower body 100 is also equipped with two sets of spraying components. The spraying components can spray the liquid condensed by the condenser 104 back into the tower body 100. The fixing brackets 109 are used to fix the spraying components. The tower body 100 has an air inlet 110 and a first interface 111 on one side, a second interface 112 at the bottom of the tower body 100, and two sets of first condensation ports 113 and two sets of second condensation ports 114 on one side of the tower body 100.

[0021] Two sets of second condensing plates 108 are located above two sets of first condensing plates 107 respectively, and two sets of spraying components are located above the second condensing plates 108.

[0022] Two sets of condensers 104 are respectively connected to a first condenser tube 115 and a second condenser tube 116 at both ends. Both sets of first condenser tubes 115 are connected to the first condenser port 113, and both sets of second condenser tubes 116 are connected to the second condenser port 114.

[0023] Two sets of first condenser ports 113 are located below two sets of first condenser plates 107 respectively, and two sets of second condenser ports 114 are located above two sets of second condenser plates 108 respectively. Both sets of second condensation ports 114 are connected to the spraying assembly.

[0024] Specifically, when some of the exhaust gas accumulates at the bottom of the first condenser plate 107, the exhaust gas will enter the condenser 104 through the first condenser port 113 and the first condenser pipe 115 to condense, and then enter the spray assembly through the second condenser pipe 116 and the second condenser port 114.

[0025] Both spraying components include a conduit 117, a ring pipe 118, and multiple nozzles 119; One end of each of the two sets of conduits 117 is connected to the second condenser port 114, and the other end of each of the two sets of conduits 117 is connected to the annular pipe 118. Multiple nozzles 119 are connected to the bottom of each of the two sets of annular pipes 118, and both sets of conduits 117 are connected to the fixing frame 109.

[0026] Specifically, the liquid condensed in the condenser 104 enters the conduit 117 through the second condensation port 114, flows through the annular pipe 118 and multiple sets of nozzles 119 to the top of the second condensing plate 108, and then flows along the inclined surface of the top of the second condensing plate 108 to the top of the first condensing plate 107, cooling the first condensing plate 107 and the second condensing plate 108, causing some of the exhaust gas in contact with the bottom of the first condensing plate 107 and the second condensing plate 108 to condense, reducing energy consumption and lowering costs.

[0027] Both the first interface 111 and the second interface 112 are connected to a connecting pipe 120 at one end. Both sets of connecting pipes 120 are connected to the reboiler 102 at one end. The condensate at the bottom of the tower body 100 enters the reboiler 102 through the second interface 112 and the connecting pipe 120 to vaporize, and then enters the tower body 100 through the connecting pipe 120 and the first interface 111 to condense, which reduces the residual carbon dioxide in the condensate and improves the separation effect.

[0028] Two sets of fixing rings 121 are fixedly connected to the bracket 103. Both sets of condensers 104 are connected to the fixing rings 121. The bracket 103 and the fixing rings 121 make the condenser 104 more stable when it is working and prevent the condenser 104 from moving.

[0029] Both sets of second condensing plates 108 are conical in shape with a concave bottom surface, and all three sets of first condensing plates 107 are inverted conical in shape with a through hole at the top.

[0030] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows: Exhaust gas enters the tower body 100 through inlet 110. As the exhaust gas rises, some of it accumulates at the bottom of the first condenser plate 107. This portion of the exhaust gas then enters the condenser 104 through the first condenser port 113 and the first condenser pipe 115 to begin condensation. Heavy components such as ethanol and acetaldehyde in the exhaust gas condense. The condensate enters the spray assembly through the second condenser pipe 116 and the second condenser port 114, is sprayed onto the top of the second condenser plate 108, and then flows down the inclined surface of the second condenser plate 108 to the top of the first condenser plate 107. Finally, it continues to flow downwards through the through holes on the first condenser plate, condensing... The liquid cools the first condenser plate 107 and the second condenser plate 108, causing some of the exhaust gas to rise and condense when it comes into contact with the bottom of the first condenser plate 107 and the second condenser plate 108, thus reducing energy consumption. Some of the uncondensed gas rises and gathers at the bottom of the first condenser plate 107, and repeats the above condensation process, improving the separation efficiency. At the same time, the reboiler 102 vaporizes the condensate and distills it again, reducing the residual carbon dioxide in the condensate and improving the separation effect. Finally, the user can control the discharge of the condensate at the bottom and the collection of carbon dioxide at the top through the solenoid valve.

[0031] The embodiments of this utility model are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the utility model to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of this utility model, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand this utility model and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide, comprising a column body (100), a rack (101), and a reboiler (102), characterized in that: The tower body (100) is installed on the top of the placement rack (101). The reboiler (102) is provided on one side of the tower body (100). The support (103) and two sets of condensers (104) are provided on the other side of the tower body (100). A collection pipe (105) is installed on the top of the tower body (100), and a drain pipe (106) is installed at the bottom. The tower body (100) is provided with three sets of first condensing plates (107), two sets of second condensing plates (108) and two sets of fixing frames (109), and the tower body (100) is also provided with two sets of spraying components; The tower body (100) is provided with an air inlet (110) and a first interface (111) on one side, and a second interface (112) is provided at the bottom of the tower body (100). The tower body (100) is provided with two sets of first condensation ports (113) and two sets of second condensation ports (114) on one side.

2. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of second condensing plates (108) are located above two sets of first condensing plates (107), and both sets of spraying components are located above the second condensing plates (108).

3. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two sets of condensers (104) are respectively connected to a first condenser tube (115) and a second condenser tube (116) at both ends. The first condenser tubes (115) of both sets are connected to the first condenser port (113), and the second condenser tubes (116) of both sets are connected to the second condenser port (114).

4. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The two sets of first condenser ports (113) are located below the two sets of first condenser plates (107), and the two sets of second condenser ports (114) are located above the two sets of second condenser plates (108). Both sets of the second condensation ports (114) are connected to the spraying assembly.

5. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Both sets of spraying components include a conduit (117), an annular pipe (118), and multiple sets of nozzles (119). One end of each of the two sets of conduits (117) is connected to the second condenser port (114), and the other end of each of the two sets of conduits (117) is connected to the annular pipe (118). Multiple sets of nozzles (119) are connected to the bottom of each of the two sets of annular pipes (118), and both sets of conduits (117) are connected to the fixing frame (109).

6. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the first interface (111) and the second interface (112) are both connected to a connecting pipe (120), and one end of each of the two sets of connecting pipes (120) is connected to the reboiler (102).

7. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of fixing rings (121) are fixedly connected to the bracket (103), and both sets of condensers (104) are connected to the fixing rings (121).

8. A distillation column for purifying carbon dioxide as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both sets of the second condenser plates (108) are conical in shape and have a concave bottom surface. All three sets of the first condenser plates (107) are inverted conical in shape and have through holes at the top.

Images