A modular reactor for wet acid production

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of wet method acid making equipment, especially a module type reactor for wet method acid making, including air inlet, with process gas delivery pipeline connection, air outlet, with another process gas delivery pipeline connection, and at least two reaction beds are arranged along the gas route of air inlet and air outlet, the reaction bed is distributed with catalyst, heat exchanger and expansion joint, and the heat exchanger can be detachably arranged on the reaction bed, the utility model discloses the steam heat exchanger of existing sulfur dioxide reactor is built -in welded type, and the problem that the metal oxide skin iron filings and catalyst powder produced by long -time use cause the fin blockage of heat exchanger, and it is difficult to replace is solved, if the wet method acid making device is parked and cooled to normal temperature and then enters the reactor equipment and carries out maintenance, also can lead to a large amount of heat energy being consumed, and the problem that the maintenance operation environment is unsafe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of equipment for wet acid production, and in particular to a modular reactor for wet acid production. Background Technology

[0002] Wet sulfuric acid production is a technology that directly produces concentrated sulfuric acid from wet process gas containing low concentrations of sulfur dioxide. Its advantages include eliminating the need for pre-drying the process gas and efficiently recovering sulfur resources, offering both environmental and economic benefits. The core equipment is a sulfur dioxide reactor, which uses a vanadium pentoxide catalyst to convert the sulfur dioxide-containing process gas into sulfur trioxide gas required for sulfuric acid production. The conversion reaction is an exothermic redox process. The design and manufacture of the converter are crucial to the subsequent sulfur dioxide conversion efficiency, typically requiring uniform gas flow distribution, low gas flow resistance, uniform catalyst loading, good heat exchanger performance, and no residual reaction heat.

[0003] However, the conventional installation method for steam heat exchangers in sulfur dioxide reactors is the built-in welded type. After long-term high-temperature operation, a large amount of metal oxide scale, iron filings, and catalyst powder will inevitably be generated. The heat exchanger fins are easily blocked by catalyst powder and metal filings, increasing the pressure difference and causing increased energy consumption. The acidic substances in the catalyst powder can easily corrode the heat exchanger fins and heat exchange tubes, resulting in reduced heat exchange efficiency and steam leakage from the heat exchange tubes, causing the catalyst to become damp, pulverize, and lose its activity. At the same time, it is inconvenient to clean and maintain the equipment. For example, rinsing with water to dissolve the catalyst powder accumulated in the fins and hot work in confined spaces can easily heat the catalyst and release toxic gases.

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a modular reactor for wet acid production. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model of this invention provides a modular reactor for wet sulfuric acid production, which mainly solves the problem that the existing sulfur dioxide reactors have built-in welded steam heat exchangers, which are prone to clogging of the heat exchanger fins due to metal oxide scale, iron filings and catalyst powder generated during long-term use, making them difficult to replace; if the wet sulfuric acid production unit is shut down and cooled to room temperature before entering the reactor equipment for maintenance, a large amount of heat energy will be consumed and the maintenance work environment will be unsafe.

[0006] This invention proposes a modular reactor for wet acid production, comprising: The air inlet connects to the process gas delivery pipeline. The air outlet is connected to another process gas delivery pipeline. And at least two reaction beds arranged along the gas travel path of the inlet and outlet; The reaction bed is provided with a catalyst, a heat exchanger and an expansion joint, and the heat exchanger is detachably mounted on the reaction bed.

[0007] Preferably, the heat exchanger can slide away from the reaction bed in a direction perpendicular to the gas travel direction, or it can be disposed on the reaction bed.

[0008] Preferably, the reaction bed further includes: A movable structure is provided on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger to control the heat exchanger to slide along a specific route.

[0009] Preferably, the reaction bed further includes: The guide rail, in conjunction with the movable structure, sets the movement path of the movable structure and the heat exchanger.

[0010] Preferably, the number of the movable structures is at least one.

[0011] Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises: The end plate is detachably mounted on the front end face of the heat exchanger.

[0012] Preferably, the catalyst, heat exchanger, and expansion joint are stacked in the direction of the gas flow.

[0013] Preferably, the heat exchanger is a finned tube heat exchanger, with steam connected inside the tubes.

[0014] Preferably, the reaction bed comprises: A catalyst bed, on which the catalyst is disposed; the catalyst bed is cylindrical and has conical connectors at both ends; the smaller end of one conical connector is for the process gas to enter, and the smaller end of the other conical connector is for the process gas to exit.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the following beneficial effects can be obtained by applying the technical solution provided by this utility model: First, the modular reactor proposed in this utility model is equipped with a detachable heat exchanger, which makes it easy to replace the heat exchanger when it becomes clogged after long-term use, and to directly replace it when it fails. The operation is relatively convenient, and no hot work or cutting is required. The operating environment is an open environment, which is relatively safe. Secondly, the modular reactor proposed in this utility model achieves sliding through the combination of guide rails and moving structures, which facilitates disassembly and assembly, reduces resistance, and makes it convenient to purge and clean the heat exchanger and disassemble and install the fins. Third, the modular reactor proposed in this utility model is equipped with multiple reaction beds, and each reaction bed is equipped with an expansion joint, which can effectively prevent the equipment from expanding and damaging the reactor, and ensure the structural stability of the guide rail in a high-temperature environment, that is, ensure that the heat exchanger can still move smoothly under long-term use. Fourth, the catalyst bed of the modular reactor proposed in this utility model is provided with a combination of cylindrical and conical structures. The circular inlet can better distribute the process gas into the catalyst reaction evenly, and will not cause flow deviation or overheating. The circular outlet can better backflow the process gas into the heat exchanger. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular reactor in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 These are two perspective views of the structure of the reaction bed on the modular reactor in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the structure of the heat exchanger on the modular reactor in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of the gas outlet of the modular reactor in this embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0019] The existing steam heat exchangers on the sulfur dioxide reactors are built-in welded types. After long-term use, the metal oxide scale, iron filings, and catalyst powder produced cause the heat exchanger fins to become clogged, making them difficult to replace. If the wet acid production unit is shut down and cooled to room temperature before entering the reactor equipment for maintenance, it will also result in a large amount of heat energy being consumed and an unsafe maintenance working environment.

[0020] like Figures 1-4As shown, in order to solve the above problems, this embodiment proposes a modular reactor for wet acid production, including an inlet 10 and an outlet 20 disposed at both ends, and at least two reaction beds 30 disposed along the gas travel path of the inlet 10 and the outlet 20. The reaction beds 30 are provided with a catalyst, a heat exchanger 32 and an expansion joint 33, and the heat exchanger 32 is detachably disposed on the reaction bed 30.

[0021] Preferably, in this embodiment, the reactor is arranged in a linear structure, and different reaction beds 30 are set according to process requirements. Not limited to, the modular reactor described in this embodiment is provided with three reaction beds 30.

[0022] Preferably, in this embodiment, both the air inlet 10 and the air outlet 20 are circular, and the diameter of the air inlet 10 is larger than the diameter of the air outlet 20.

[0023] Preferably, in this embodiment, a support 40 is provided on the outside of the reaction bed 30, and the support 40 is arranged symmetrically and uniformly to meet the load requirements.

[0024] Preferably, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 and the reactor are connected by bolts, which facilitates installation and disassembly.

[0025] In this embodiment, the gas movement path of the modular reactor is designed to ensure smooth flow of process gas and uniform reaction. At the same time, when the fins of heat exchanger 32 become clogged, the reactor can be directly disassembled and cleaned to achieve optimal operating energy consumption and conversion rate. This also reduces the risk of process gas leakage, eliminates the need for shutdown, and ensures the continuous use of thermal energy within the reactor.

[0026] More specifically, the heat exchanger 32 can slide away from the reaction bed 30 in a direction perpendicular to the gas travel direction, or it can be mounted on the reaction bed 30.

[0027] Preferably, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 can slide along the specific path, and the heat exchanger 32 is assembled with the reactor by bolts at the end of the sliding stroke. If the heat exchanger 32 needs to be cleaned, it can be done by removing the bolts and moving the heat exchanger 32.

[0028] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 slides in a direction perpendicular to the gas travel direction, which can reduce the time that the user or disassembly equipment is in contact with the process gas when disassembling the heat exchanger 32. This can effectively reduce the possibility of the user being burned by the process gas or the disassembly equipment malfunctioning due to the high working environment. At the same time, since the gas travel direction is the length direction of the reactor, setting a moving direction perpendicular to this direction can achieve the shortest moving path of the heat exchanger 32 and allow it to detach from the reactor.

[0029] More specifically, it also includes a movable structure 321 disposed at the bottom of the heat exchanger 32 for controlling the heat exchanger 32 to slide along a specific path.

[0030] Preferably, in this embodiment, the number of movable structures 321 is at least one, and the number and position of movable structures 321 can be set according to the weight of heat exchanger 32.

[0031] Preferably, in this embodiment, the movable structure 321 is a roller, and it is fixed to the bottom end of the heat exchanger 32 by means of lugs. It is not limited to this, however, that the roller is made of a high-temperature resistant material, which can effectively maintain its normal working life.

[0032] Preferably, in this embodiment, the reaction bed 30 is provided with a tank for a heat exchanger 32, and the sum of the heights of the heat exchanger 32 and the moving structure 321 is equal to the height of the tank.

[0033] In this embodiment, the movement of the heat exchanger 32 is facilitated by the movable structure 321, that is, the movement of the heat exchanger 32 is conveniently achieved by the sliding of the rollers, which facilitates the disassembly of the heat exchanger 32.

[0034] More specifically, it also includes a guide rail that is configured to cooperate with the movable structure 321, and the guide rail is used to set the movement path of the movable structure 321 and the heat exchanger 32.

[0035] Preferably, in this embodiment, the guide rail is an I-beam guide rail, and its width is matched with that of the rollers on the moving structure 321 to ensure that the moving structure 321 moves along the length of the guide rail.

[0036] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 is installed in a rectangular position with built-in I-beam guide rails. The bottom of the heat exchanger 32 has rollers to facilitate pushing during installation and reduce resistance. Because the heat exchanger 32 has a heavy load, a separate support 40 is provided for support. The steam pipe of the heat exchanger 32 adopts a flange connection method for easy disassembly and assembly. The heat exchanger 32 adopts a drawer-type installation structure, which mainly facilitates the purging and cleaning of the heat exchanger 32 and the disassembly and assembly of the fins.

[0037] Preferably, in this embodiment, the front end face of the heat exchanger 32 is detachably provided with a short plate.

[0038] Preferably, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 short plate is bolted to the reactor, which conceals the structure of the heat exchanger 32 after assembly.

[0039] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 32 is pushed into the reactor along the guide rail. The end plate and the reactor are bolted together. Each time the heat exchanger 32 needs cleaning, the end plate connecting bolts and the steam pipe flange bolts of the heat exchanger 32 are removed, and the heat exchanger 32 is pulled out along the guide rail, without the need for hot work or cutting. Water rinsing and compressed air purging are performed outside the reactor, eliminating the need for confined space operations and ensuring thorough cleaning. After cleaning, the heat exchanger can be reinstalled. The entire cleaning operation is simple and efficient. More specifically, the catalyst, heat exchanger 32 and expansion joint 33 are stacked along the gas travel direction.

[0040] Preferably, in this embodiment, the reaction bed 30 includes a catalyst bed 31 on which a catalyst is disposed; the catalyst bed 31 is cylindrical and has conical connectors at both ends; the smaller end of one conical connector is for process gas to enter, and the smaller end of the other conical connector is for process gas to exit.

[0041] In this embodiment, the catalyst bed 31 is cylindrical, while its inlet and outlet are conical. The circular inlet ensures that the process gas enters the catalyst reaction evenly and will not cause flow deviation or overheating. The circular outlet allows the process flue gas to flow back into the heat exchanger 32 more effectively.

[0042] In this embodiment, an expansion joint 33 is provided below the heat exchanger 32, and the outlet of the expansion joint 33 is set with a square-to-round flared mouth to facilitate uniform distribution of process flue gas. In order to prevent the equipment from expanding and damaging the reactor, an expansion joint 33 is provided at the outlet of each bed section to reduce the impact of equipment expansion. The benefit of adding an expansion joint 33 is that it can reduce the thermal expansion that squeezes the heat exchanger 32, causing deformation of the guide rail of the heat exchanger 32, making it impossible to pull out or push in the heat exchanger 32 smoothly.

[0043] In this embodiment, the gas outlet 20 of the reactor is inclined at an angle of 20°, so that when the catalyst powder exits the reactor with the process gas, it will not accumulate at the bottom of the reactor, thus avoiding the situation where the catalyst powder accumulates and corrodes the reactor equipment.

[0044] In summary, this embodiment proposes a modular reactor for wet acid production. By incorporating a detachable heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be disassembled and its fins cleaned of catalyst debris and rust after prolonged use, thereby maintaining low-energy operation of the reactor while increasing the unit load. Furthermore, cleaning can be performed without shutting down the reactor, reducing start-up and shutdown costs, as well as minimizing safety, environmental, and equipment corrosion risks, including steam leakage and the risk of catalyst pulverization and inactivation due to moisture.

[0045] The embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this technical solution. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above embodiments should be included within the scope of protection of this technical solution.

Claims

1. A modular reactor for wet acid production, characterized in that, include: The air inlet connects to the process gas delivery pipeline. The air outlet is connected to another process gas delivery pipeline. And at least two reaction beds arranged along the gas travel path of the inlet and outlet; The reaction bed is provided with a catalyst, a heat exchanger and an expansion joint, and the heat exchanger is detachably mounted on the reaction bed.

2. The modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger can slide away from the reaction bed in a direction perpendicular to the gas travel direction, or it can be installed on the reaction bed.

3. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction bed also includes: A movable structure is provided on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger to control the heat exchanger to slide along a specific route.

4. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction bed also includes: The guide rail, in conjunction with the movable structure, sets the movement path of the movable structure and the heat exchanger.

5. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the movable structures is at least one.

6. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat exchanger includes: The end plate is detachably mounted on the front end face of the heat exchanger.

7. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The catalyst, heat exchanger, and expansion joint are stacked along the gas travel direction.

8. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a finned tube heat exchanger, with steam connected inside the tubes.

9. A modular reactor for wet acid production according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reaction bed includes: A catalyst bed, on which the catalyst is disposed; the catalyst bed is cylindrical and has conical connectors at both ends; the smaller end of one conical connector is for the process gas to enter, and the smaller end of the other conical connector is for the process gas to exit.

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