A prefabricated slope supporting structure

Abstract

This utility model relates to a prefabricated slope support structure, comprising a protective surface layer and a grid mesh layer sequentially laid on the slope, and multiple anchoring components for fixing the protective surface layer and the grid mesh layer to the slope. Each anchoring component includes an anchor rod, a pressure head fitted onto the anchor rod, and a pull rope threaded through the pressure head. The anchor rod passes through the grid mesh layer and the protective surface layer to insert into the slope. The pressure head is fitted onto the grid mesh layer and presses the pull rope tightly onto the grid mesh layer. The prefabricated slope support structure designed in this utility model features rapid construction, strong adaptability, high support strength, and ecological compatibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a prefabricated slope support structure. Background Technology

[0002] Slope protection, as a key technology for ensuring the safety of slopes and their surrounding environment, requires stability control through retaining, reinforcement, and protection measures. Existing slope protection projects generally employ traditional protection structures, such as traditional wire mesh spraying, masonry facing walls, and shotcrete protection. These structures are relatively simple, and traditional support methods consume large amounts of energy-intensive and polluting materials like steel bars and cement. The construction process also generates significant air, water, and soil pollution, and is characterized by long construction periods and high costs. As the requirements for green and environmentally friendly slope protection in construction projects gradually increase, demands for aesthetics and stability are also being placed on slopes. Traditional support structures, which do not conform to the concepts of ecological protection and green construction, urgently need improvement. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this utility model is to design a prefabricated slope support structure that combines rapid construction, strong adaptability, high support strength, and ecological compatibility.

[0004] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: Design a prefabricated slope support structure, including a protective surface layer and a grid layer laid sequentially on the slope, and multiple anchoring components for fixing the protective surface layer and the grid layer on the slope. The anchoring components include anchor rods, pressure heads sleeved on the anchor rods, and pull ropes threaded through the pressure heads. The anchor rods pass through the grid layer and the protective surface layer to be inserted into the slope. The pressure heads are attached to the grid layer and press the pull ropes tightly onto the grid layer.

[0005] In this solution, prefabricated protective surface layer, grid layer, and standardized anchoring components enable rapid on-site assembly without the need for complex machinery, thus accelerating the construction cycle and reducing costs. The dual-layer design of the protective surface layer and grid layer combines protective strength with drainage function. The grid layer disperses soil pressure, while the protective surface layer resists erosion. The composite laying of the protective surface layer and grid layer, combined with deep anchoring of anchor bolts and surface binding of guy ropes, forms a dual protection system of shallow reinforcement and overall stability. The pressing and fixing method of the pressure head and guy ropes tightly presses the grid layer and protective surface layer onto the slope, enhancing the overall integrity of the slope and avoiding hollowing and detachment caused by soil deformation in traditional support systems.

[0006] Furthermore, the anchor rod includes an inner rod and an outer rod. The inner rod includes a rod body and a tapered plug at the bottom end of the rod body. Multiple anchor claws are hinged to the tapered plug. The outer rod is movably sleeved on the rod body and its end abuts against the tapered plug. The outer rod covers the outside of the anchor claws to restrict the movement of the unhinged ends of the anchor claws.

[0007] In this design, the tapered plug and hinged anchor claw at the bottom of the inner rod allow the anchor claw to be released via the axial movement of the outer rod after the anchor rod is inserted into the slope. Once deployed, the anchor claw mechanically engages with the deep soil and rock layers, enhancing the anchoring force of the anchor rod. Specifically, the sliding fit design between the outer and inner rods allows the outer rod to be pulled upwards a certain distance after the anchor rod is inserted to a preset depth, simultaneously triggering the anchor claw to deploy. Then, the outer rod is moved downwards to meet the anchor claw, applying pressure to embed the anchor claw into the soil and rock, preventing the anchor rod from loosening or being pulled out.

[0008] Furthermore, an elastic element is provided between the anchor claw and the rod body. When the outer sleeve rod moves axially along the rod body to disengage the anchor claw from the constraint of the outer sleeve rod, the elastic element can move the unhinged end of the anchor claw away from the rod body.

[0009] In this solution, an elastic element is installed between the anchor claw and the inner rod. After the outer rod is released from its constraint, the anchor claw is actively driven to expand outward. The elastic element can provide continuous expansion force at the moment the sleeve is removed, ensuring that the anchor claw is quickly positioned.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchor claw includes a claw body and a hinge end that is hinged to the conical plug. The hinge end is provided with a receiving groove. The elastic element is a torsion spring placed in the receiving groove. One end of the torsion spring abuts against the groove wall of the receiving groove, and the other end abuts against the rod body.

[0011] In this design, the torsion spring has a built-in receiving groove, which makes the direction of the elastic force applied match the height of the hinge rotation axis of the anchor claw. The pre-compression state of the torsion spring is released synchronously through the axial movement of the outer sleeve rod, ensuring that the anchor claw can be evenly unfolded after the outer sleeve rod is released from constraint, thus avoiding jamming problems caused by the offset of the elastic element.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface of the claw body that is close to the rod body is an arc surface, and the surface of the claw body that is away from the rod body is a V-shaped surface.

[0013] In this design, the arc surface design ensures that the anchor claw body and the inner rod fit tightly when the anchor claw is not deployed. The V-shaped surface makes it easier for the anchor claw to embed into the soil and rock after the anchor claw is deployed, and improves the biting force between the anchor claw and the surrounding medium.

[0014] Furthermore, a nut is threaded onto the end of the rod away from the tapered plug, and the pressure head is pressed tightly against the grid layer by the nut.

[0015] In this solution, the threaded fit between the nut and the rod can be adjusted by rotating the pressure head on the grid layer to avoid the surface layer not being tightly attached to the slope due to being too loose or the material being damaged due to being too tight. When the slope surface is uneven, the height of the pressure head can be finely adjusted by the nut to ensure that the grid layer and the protective surface layer are evenly stressed, so as to adapt to complex terrain.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressure head is cross-shaped, and each of the four ends of the pressure head has a through hole for the pull rope to pass through.

[0017] In this scheme, the cross-shaped structure of the pressure head can evenly distribute the tension of the pull rope to the four directions of the grid layer. After the pull ropes are threaded through the four ends, the dynamic fine-tuning of the slope can be achieved by adjusting the tension of the pull ropes in different directions. It is especially suitable for slopes with complex terrain and improves the overall stability of the support system.

[0018] Furthermore, the grid layer comprises several grids sequentially spliced ​​from top to bottom along the slope direction of the slope, with the edges of adjacent grids overlapping to form a stacking area, and some of the anchors inserted into the stacking area.

[0019] In this scheme, the edges of adjacent grid lines are stacked to form overlapping areas, and anchor bolts are directly inserted into the slope through these areas to enhance the overall integrity and stability of the slope protection. The shear strength is improved by combining the overlapping areas with the anchor bolts.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a top layer disposed at the top of the slope, the top layer covering the edge of the grid layer.

[0021] In this scheme, the top layer covering the edge of the grid layer can effectively fix the protective surface layer and the grid layer at the top of the slope, preventing the edge of the grid layer from lifting or loosening due to tension or water erosion, reducing the reduction of soil strength caused by rainwater seepage into the slope, and preventing the soil at the top of the slope from being carried away by water flow, thereby enhancing the integrity of the slope surface structure and reducing the risk of slope deformation or local instability.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a ground beam set at the bottom of the slope, the ground beam abutting against the edge of the surface grid layer.

[0023] In this scheme, the ground beam abuts the edge of the surface grid layer, which can effectively limit the slippage or curling of the surface grid layer on the slope surface, forming a fully enclosed protection system of "top covering and fixing - middle anchoring and tying - bottom restraint". This avoids the overall protection failure due to edge loosening. As a rigid boundary component, the ground beam can transfer the slope load to the deep foundation layer, reduce local stress concentration, and is especially suitable for areas with loose soil or steep slopes, thereby improving the system's resistance to deformation.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: In this solution, prefabricated protective surface layer, grid layer, and standardized anchoring components enable rapid on-site assembly without the need for complex machinery, thus accelerating the construction cycle and reducing costs. The dual-layer design of the protective surface layer and grid layer combines protective strength with drainage function. The grid layer disperses soil pressure, while the protective surface layer resists erosion. The composite laying of the protective surface layer and grid layer, combined with deep anchoring of anchor bolts and surface binding of guy ropes, forms a dual protection system of shallow reinforcement and overall stability. The pressing and fixing method of the pressure head and guy ropes tightly presses the grid layer and protective surface layer onto the slope, enhancing the overall integrity of the slope and avoiding hollowing and detachment caused by soil deformation in traditional support systems. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated slope protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the cooperation between the grid layer and the anchoring component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner rod and the pressure head in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the image.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure head in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Illustrations: 1. Protective surface layer; 2. Grid mesh layer; 21. Grid mesh; 3. Anchoring components; 31. Anchor bolt; 311. Inner rod; 312. Outer rod; 3111. Rod body; 3112. Conical plug; 3113. Anchor claw; 3114. Elastic element; 31131. Claw body; 31132. Hinge end; 31133. Receiving groove; 31134. Arc surface; 31135. V-shaped surface; 32. Pressure head; 321. First perforation; 322. Second perforation; 33. Pull rope; 331. First pull rope; 332. Second pull rope; 34. Nut; 4. Top layer; 5. Ground beam; 6. Slope. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding of this invention, a more comprehensive description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, this invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a prefabricated slope support structure, including a protective surface layer 1 and a grid layer 2 laid sequentially on a slope 6, and multiple anchoring components 3 for fixing the protective surface layer 1 and the grid layer 2 to the slope 6. The anchoring components 3 include anchor rods 31, pressure heads 32 sleeved on the anchor rods 31, and pull ropes 33 threaded through the pressure heads 32. The anchor rods 31 pass through the grid layer 2 and the protective surface layer 1 to be inserted into the slope 6, and the pressure heads 32 are attached to the grid layer 2 and press the pull ropes 33 tightly onto the grid layer 2.

[0034] The mesh layer 2 comprises several meshes 21 sequentially spliced ​​from top to bottom along the slope direction of the slope 6, or several meshes 21 sequentially spliced ​​from one direction along the slope surface of the slope 6. The edges of adjacent meshes 21 overlap to form a stacking area, and some anchor bolts 31 are inserted into the stacking area. The overlapping of the edges of adjacent meshes 21 forms an overlapping area, and the anchor bolts 31 directly penetrate this area and are inserted into the slope 6, enhancing the overall integrity and stability of the slope 6 protection. The shear strength is improved by combining the stacking area with the anchor bolts 31.

[0035] Additionally, the support structure includes a top layer 4 at the top of the slope 6 and a ground beam 5 at the bottom of the slope 6. The top layer 4 covers the top edge of the grid layer 2, and the ground beam 5 abuts against the bottom edge of the grid layer 2. Both the top layer 4 and the ground beam 5 are made of cement. The top layer 4 covers the edge of the grid layer 2, which can effectively fix the protective surface layer 1 and the grid layer 2 at the top of the slope 6, preventing the edge of the grid layer 2 from warping or loosening due to tension or water erosion, reducing the reduction of soil strength caused by rainwater seepage into the interior of the slope 6, and preventing the top soil from being carried away by water flow, thereby enhancing the integrity of the surface structure of the slope 6 and reducing the risk of slope deformation or local instability. The ground beam 5 abuts against the edge of the grid layer 2, which can effectively limit the slippage or curling of the grid layer 2 on the surface of the slope 6, forming a fully enclosed protection system of "top covering and fixing - middle anchoring and tying - bottom restraint", avoiding the failure of the overall protection due to loosening of the edge. As a rigid boundary component, the ground beam 5 can transfer the slope load to the deep foundation, reduce local stress concentration, and is especially suitable for areas with loose soil or steep slopes, thereby improving the system's resistance to deformation.

[0036] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, the anchor bolt 31 includes an inner rod 311 and an outer rod 312. The inner rod 311 includes a rod body 3111 and a tapered plug 3112 located at the bottom end of the rod body 3111. Multiple anchor claws 3113 are hinged to the tapered plug 3112 and arranged in a circular array around the center of the tapered plug 3112. The outer rod 312 is movably sleeved on the rod body 3111 and its end abuts against the tapered plug 3112. The outer rod 312 covers the outside of the anchor claws 3113 to restrict the movement of the unhinged ends of the anchor claws 3113. An elastic element 3114 is provided between the anchor claws 3113 and the rod body 3111. When the outer rod 312 moves axially along the rod body 3111 to release the anchor claws 3113 from the restriction of the outer rod 312, the elastic element 3114 allows the unhinged ends of the anchor claws 3113 to move away from the rod body 3111.

[0037] The tapered plug 3112 at the bottom of the inner rod 311 and the hinged anchor claw 3113 are designed so that after the anchor rod 31 is inserted into the slope 6, the anchor claw 3113 can be released by the axial movement of the outer rod 312. After the anchor claw 3113 unfolds, it forms a mechanical engagement with the deep soil and rock layer, thereby improving the anchoring force of the anchor rod 31. Specifically, the sliding fit design between the outer rod 312 and the inner rod 311 allows the outer rod 312 to be pulled upwards a certain distance after the anchor rod 31 is inserted to a preset depth, simultaneously triggering the unfolding of the anchor claw 3113. Then, the outer rod 312 is moved downwards to abut against the anchor claw 3113, and a certain pressure is applied to embed the anchor claw 3113 into the soil and rock, preventing the anchor rod 31 from loosening or being pulled out. By setting an elastic element 3114 between the anchor claw 3113 and the rod body 3111, the anchor claw 3113 is actively driven to expand outward after the outer rod 312 is released from constraint. The elastic element 3114 can provide a continuous expansion force at the moment the sleeve is withdrawn, ensuring that the anchor claw 3113 is quickly in place. It should be noted that the height of the outer rod 312 is the same as the height of the rod body 3111 of the inner rod 311, or the height of the outer rod 312 is higher than the height of the rod body 3111 of the inner rod 311. When the anchor rod 31 is driven into the rock and soil, the end of the outer rod 312 is the striking force point. The striking force is transmitted through the outer rod 312 to the conical plug 3112 to make the anchor rod 31 gradually penetrate into the rock and soil. In addition, after the anchor claw 3113 is embedded into the rock and soil by striking the outer rod 312, the outer rod 312 is removed, rather than being embedded into the rock and soil, and then the pressure head 32 is fitted onto the inner rod 311.

[0038] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, the anchor claw 3113 includes a claw body 31131 and a hinge end 31132 that hinges to the conical plug 3112. The hinge end 31132 is provided with a receiving groove 31133. The elastic element 3114 is a torsion spring placed in the receiving groove 31133. One end of the torsion spring abuts against the groove wall of the receiving groove 31133, and the other end abuts against the rod body 3111. Specifically, a spacer support is provided at the intersection of the conical plug 3112 and the rod body 3111. The hinge end 31132 of each anchor claw 3113 is located between two supports. Both the supports and the hinge end 31132 are provided with a through hole. The two are connected by a pin passing through the through hole. The anchor claw 3113 can rotate around the pin. The torsion spring is sleeved on the pin and built into the receiving groove 31133, so that the direction of the elastic force is matched with the height of the hinge rotation axis of the anchor claw 3113. The pre-compression state of the torsion spring is released synchronously through the axial movement of the outer sleeve rod 312, ensuring that the anchor claw 3113 can be evenly unfolded after the outer sleeve rod 312 is released from constraint, avoiding the jamming problem caused by the offset of the elastic element 3114.

[0039] The surface of the claw body 31131 that is close to the rod body 3111 is an arc surface 31134, and the surface of the claw body 31131 that is away from the rod body 3111 is a V-shaped surface 31135. The conical plug 3112 is provided with a V-shaped groove that matches the V-shaped surface 31135 of the claw body 31131. The arc surface 31134 design ensures that the claw body 31131 and the rod body 3111 are tightly fitted when the anchor claw 3113 is not deployed. The V-shaped surface 31135 makes it easier for the anchor claw 3113 to embed into the rock and soil after the anchor claw 3113 is deployed, and improves the biting force between the anchor claw 3113 and the surrounding medium.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a nut 34 is threaded onto the end of the rod 3111 away from the conical plug 3112. The pressure head 32 is pressed tightly against the grid layer 2 through the nut 34. The threaded engagement between the nut 34 and the rod 3111 allows adjustment of the pressure force of the pressure head 32 on the grid layer by rotating it a few times. This avoids the surface layer not being tightly adhered to the slope due to excessive looseness or material damage due to excessive tightness. When the surface of the slope 6 is uneven, the height of the pressure head can be finely adjusted through the nut 34 to ensure that the grid layer 2 and the protective surface layer 1 are evenly stressed, thus adapting to complex terrain.

[0041] like Figure 6As shown, the pressure head 32 is cross-shaped, with holes at each of its four ends for the pull ropes 33 to pass through. The holes include two first holes 321 and two second holes 322. The first holes 321 are semi-circular, and the second holes 322 are circular. The second holes 322 are positioned higher than the first holes 321. Correspondingly, four pull ropes 33 pass through the pressure head 32: a first pull rope 331 passing through the two first holes 321 and a second pull rope 332 passing through the two second holes 322. The first and second pull ropes 331 are perpendicular to each other. When the pull ropes 33 are arranged, the first holes 321 press the first pull ropes 331 tightly against the grid layer 2. The second pull ropes 332 are located below the first pull ropes 331, and are pressed against the grid layer 2 by the first pull ropes 331. The cross-shaped structure of the pressure head 32 can evenly distribute the tension of the pull rope 33 to the four directions of the grid layer 2. After the pull rope 33 is threaded through the four ends, the dynamic fine adjustment of the slope can be achieved by adjusting the tension of the pull rope 33 in different directions. It is especially suitable for slopes 6 with complex terrain, and improves the overall stability of the support system.

[0042] In this embodiment, prefabricated protective surface layer 1, grid layer 2, and standardized anchoring components 3 enable rapid on-site assembly without the need for complex machinery, thus accelerating the construction cycle and reducing costs. The dual-layer design of protective surface layer 1 and grid layer 2 combines protective strength with drainage function. Grid layer 2 disperses soil pressure, while protective surface layer 1 resists erosion. The composite laying of protective surface layer 1 and grid layer 2, combined with the deep anchoring of anchor bolts 31 and the surface connection of tie ropes 33, forms a dual protection system of shallow reinforcement and overall stability. The pressing and fixing method of pressure head 32 and tie rope 33 tightly presses grid layer 2 and protective surface layer 1 onto the slope 6, enhancing the overall integrity of the slope and avoiding the hollowing and falling off caused by soil deformation in traditional support systems.

[0043] It should be understood that terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” which indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the inclusion of "first," "second," etc., in a feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated slope protection structure, characterized in that, The device includes a protective surface layer and a grid mesh layer laid sequentially on the slope, and multiple anchoring components for fixing the protective surface layer and the grid mesh layer to the slope. Each anchoring component includes an anchor rod, a pressure head fitted onto the anchor rod, and a pull rope threaded through the pressure head. The anchor rod passes through the grid mesh layer and the protective surface layer to insert into the slope. The pressure head is attached to the grid mesh layer and presses the pull rope tightly onto the grid mesh layer.

2. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor rod includes an inner rod and an outer rod. The inner rod includes a rod body and a tapered plug at the bottom end of the rod body. Multiple anchor claws are hinged to the tapered plug. The outer rod is movably sleeved on the rod body and its end abuts against the tapered plug. The outer rod covers the outside of the anchor claws to restrict the movement of the unhinged ends of the anchor claws.

3. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, An elastic element is provided between the anchor claw and the rod body. When the outer sleeve rod moves along the axial direction of the rod body to cause the anchor claw to disengage from the restriction of the outer sleeve rod, the elastic element can cause the unhinged end of the anchor claw to move away from the rod body.

4. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anchor claw includes a claw body and a hinge end that is hinged to the conical plug. The hinge end is provided with a receiving groove. The elastic element is a torsion spring placed in the receiving groove. One end of the torsion spring abuts against the groove wall of the receiving groove, and the other end abuts against the rod body.

5. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the claw that is close to the rod is an arc surface, and the surface of the claw that is away from the rod is a V-shaped surface.

6. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 2, wherein The end of the rod away from the tapered plug is threaded with a nut, and the pressure head is pressed tightly against the grid layer by the nut.

7. The assembled slope protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure head is cross-shaped, and each of the four ends of the pressure head has a through hole for the pull rope to pass through.

8. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid layer comprises several grids sequentially spliced ​​from top to bottom along the slope direction of the slope, with the edges of adjacent grids overlapping to form a stacking area, and some of the anchors inserted in the stacking area.

9. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a top layer of compressive layer disposed at the top of the slope, which covers the edge of the grid layer.

10. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a ground beam set at the bottom of the slope, the ground beam abutting against the edge of the surface grid layer.

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