A waterproof structure of a basement

Abstract

This application discloses a waterproof structure for a basement, including a diaphragm wall and basement side walls, with the basement side walls located on one side of the diaphragm wall. A reserved space is provided between the diaphragm wall and the basement side walls. This reserved space includes a waterproof coating and a waterproof membrane, both of which extend at least partially to the surface of the diaphragm wall. The waterproof coating and waterproof membrane are sequentially arranged from the diaphragm wall towards the basement side walls. This dual protection of the waterproof coating and waterproof membrane improves the waterproof performance of the basement side walls, ensuring the basement remains in a dry environment for extended periods, thus guaranteeing its waterproof performance. Furthermore, the fact that the waterproof coating and waterproof membrane extend at least partially to the surface of the diaphragm wall ensures the continuity of waterproofing, thereby improving the quality and safety of the basement project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underground waterproof building technology, specifically a waterproof structure for a basement. Background Technology

[0002] Basements, as an important component of buildings, serve multiple functions, such as parking, equipment rooms, and storage rooms. The waterproofing of their side walls directly affects the building's safety, stability, and the proper functioning of its features. Basements are constantly underground and subject to erosion from groundwater and soil moisture. If the waterproofing measures on the basement side walls are inadequate, moisture can seep into the basement, leading to a series of serious problems.

[0003] From a structural engineering perspective, moisture erosion reduces the strength of concrete structures, accelerates steel corrosion, and consequently affects the overall structural safety of buildings, shortening their lifespan. Related research indicates that the strength of concrete structures subjected to long-term water erosion can decrease by more than 20% within several years.

[0004] From a functional perspective, a damp basement can affect the normal operation of internal equipment. For example, damp electrical equipment is prone to short circuits, affecting the building's power supply. For basements used as storage rooms, a damp environment can cause stored items to mold and deteriorate. In addition, a damp environment can breed mold, which has an adverse effect on human health, reduces indoor air quality, and affects people's living and working comfort.

[0005] Therefore, there is room for further improvement in the existing waterproofing structure of basements. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of this, and addressing the technical problem in the existing technology that the waterproofing measures for basement side walls close to the diaphragm wall are inadequate, allowing moisture to seep into the basement and reducing the overall structural quality and lifespan of the basement, this application provides a waterproofing structure for basements. By changing the structure and materials between the diaphragm wall and the basement side walls, the waterproofing performance of the basement side walls can be improved, ensuring that the basement remains in a dry environment for a long time, thereby improving the quality and safety of basement projects.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a waterproof structure for a basement, comprising: Ground connected to wall; The basement side wall is located on one side of the diaphragm wall; A reserved space is provided between the diaphragm wall and the basement side wall; The reserved space includes waterproof coating and waterproof membrane, which at least partially extend to the surface of the diaphragm wall. The waterproof coating and waterproof membrane are sequentially installed from the diaphragm wall to the basement side wall.

[0008] Compared to existing technologies, by creating a reserved space between the diaphragm wall and the basement sidewalls, including a waterproof coating and waterproof membrane, the double protection provided by the waterproof coating and membrane enhances the waterproofing performance of the basement sidewalls, ensuring the basement remains in a dry environment and guaranteeing its waterproofing performance. Furthermore, the waterproof coating and membrane extend at least partially to the surface of the diaphragm wall, ensuring waterproofing continuity and thus improving the quality and safety of the basement project.

[0009] Preferably, the width of the reserved space is in the range of 300mm to 500mm.

[0010] In this embodiment, when the local diaphragm wall is used as a permanent structure, it needs to be connected to the side wall through shear keys or post-cast strips. At this time, the width of the reserved space is relatively small (300-500mm), which facilitates construction and structural integration.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a top slab, which is cast on the side of the basement sidewall away from the waterproof membrane and is attached to the basement sidewall; The top plate is provided with a waterproof structure, which extends at least partially toward the diaphragm wall and is connected to the diaphragm wall. The thickness of the waterproof structure of the roof slab is less than the thickness of the roof slab.

[0012] In this embodiment, the waterproof structure of the roof slab can effectively prevent water from seeping into the basement from the joint between the roof slab and the diaphragm wall, thus avoiding cracking or leakage of the waterproof layer and enhancing the overall waterproof performance.

[0013] Preferably, the waterproof structure of the top plate includes a protective layer, a first waterproof layer and a second waterproof layer, which are arranged sequentially from the top plate outwards as the first waterproof layer, the second waterproof layer and the protective layer; The surface of the protective layer is flush with the surface of the diaphragm wall.

[0014] In this embodiment, the protective layer can effectively prevent the first and second waterproof layers from being scratched, punctured, or aged, extending the service life of the roof waterproof structure. The flush surface can avoid height differences or gaps, facilitating subsequent construction, such as laying a protective layer, decorative layer, or other structures, reducing water accumulation and dirt buildup, and lowering maintenance difficulty.

[0015] Preferably, the first waterproof layer is a non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating; The second waterproof layer is a polymer-modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane.

[0016] In this embodiment, the first waterproof layer can be a 2.0mm thick non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating; the second waterproof layer can be a 4.0mm thick polymer-modified asphalt root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane. By using non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating and polymer-modified asphalt root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane of specific thicknesses, the water resistance and waterproof effect of the roof waterproof structure can be enhanced, and the service life of the roof can be extended.

[0017] Preferably, the waterproof coating is a polyurethane waterproof coating; The waterproof membrane is a polymer self-adhesive pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane.

[0018] In this embodiment, the polyurethane waterproof coating has good adhesion and water resistance, which can effectively seal the tiny cracks and pores on the surface of the diaphragm wall and prevent water penetration; the polymer self-adhesive pre-laid reverse waterproof membrane has self-adhesion and pre-laying properties, which can be tightly bonded to the diaphragm wall and the basement side wall to form a reliable waterproof layer.

[0019] Preferably, the overlap length between the waterproof membrane and the first waterproof layer is ≥100mm.

[0020] In this embodiment, by setting a reasonable overlap length, the amount of water that seeps into the basement side walls and roof slab through the gap between the waterproof membrane and the first waterproof layer is reduced, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the waterproof structure of the entire underground structure, preventing leakage, and achieving a reliable waterproof joint method for the roof slab.

[0021] Preferably, a capping beam is cast above the diaphragm wall, and a centrally embedded waterstop is pre-embedded at the joint between the capping beam and the diaphragm wall. The outer side of the centrally embedded waterstop is covered with SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and the inner side is sprayed with polyurethane waterproof coating.

[0022] In this embodiment, by laying SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane on the outside and spraying polyurethane waterproof coating on the inside, the double-layer design improves the waterproofness of the joints, avoids the weakness that may exist in single-sided waterproofing, and enhances the waterproof sealing effect.

[0023] Preferably, an expansion joint is provided at the junction of the crown beam and the top plate, the expansion joint is filled with elastic sealing material, and TPO waterproof membrane is pasted on both sides of the expansion joint; The width of the expansion joint ranges from 20 to 30 mm.

[0024] In this embodiment, the TPO waterproof membrane can adapt to minor deformations of the structure caused by factors such as temperature, humidity, and load, preventing cracks from forming in the structure due to deformation and thus preventing water penetration.

[0025] Preferably, the internal and external corners of the capping beam and the ground diaphragm wall are rounded. The radius of the fillet is R≥50mm.

[0026] In this embodiment, the rounded corner design facilitates the laying of the waterproof layer and prevents the waterproof material from being damaged or falling off due to excessive bending at sharp corners. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a waterproof structure for a basement provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a waterproof structure for a basement provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 .

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Diaphragm wall; 2. Basement side wall; 4. Roof slab; 5. Crown beam; 6. Roof slab waterproofing structure; 32. Waterproof coating; 33. Waterproof membrane; 61. Protective layer; 62. First waterproof layer; 63. Second waterproof layer. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the following detailed, clear, and complete description of this disclosure is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it.

[0030] In the description of this application, the use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0031] Those skilled in the art should understand that in the disclosure of this application, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0032] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, see below. Figures 1 to 2 illustrate.

[0033] This embodiment provides a waterproof structure for a basement, which is applied in the field of underground waterproof building technology. Specifically, as shown in... Figures 1 to 2As shown, the structure includes a diaphragm wall 1, a basement side wall 2, a capping beam 5, and a roof slab 4. The basement side wall 2 is located on one side of the diaphragm wall 1. The diaphragm wall 1 is typically a continuous concrete wall on the perimeter of the underground structure, serving as either temporary support or part of the permanent structure (two walls combined). The base layer of the diaphragm wall 1 requires roughening, cleaning, and repair. The basement side wall 2 is a side wall of the main structure, primarily used to bear earth pressure and structural loads. A reserved space is provided between the diaphragm wall 1 and the basement side wall 2 to accommodate the connection between them, waterproofing construction, and backfilling.

[0034] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the reserved space includes a waterproof coating 32 and a waterproof membrane 33. The waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33 extend at least partially to the surface of the diaphragm wall 1. From the diaphragm wall 1 to the basement side wall 2, the waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33 are arranged sequentially. The combination of the waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33 forms a double protection, improving the waterproof performance of the basement side wall 2, ensuring the basement remains in a dry environment for a long time, and guaranteeing its waterproof performance. The fact that the waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33 extend at least partially to the surface of the diaphragm wall 1 ensures the continuity of waterproofing, thereby improving the quality and safety of the basement project. The waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33 are arranged sequentially from the diaphragm wall 1 to the basement side wall 2. The waterproof coating 32 has good adhesion and water resistance, effectively sealing micro-cracks and pores on the surface of the diaphragm wall 1 to prevent water penetration. The waterproof membrane 33 has high tensile strength and elongation, adapting to minor deformations of the basement side wall 2, while its excellent water resistance and aging resistance also maintain the waterproof effect for a long time.

[0035] The width of the reserved space ranges from 300mm to 500mm. In other words, in this embodiment, when the diaphragm wall 1 is a permanent structure, it needs to be connected to the side wall through shear keys or post-cast strips. In this case, the width of the reserved space is relatively small (300-500mm), which facilitates construction and structural integration. When the diaphragm wall 1 is only used as a temporary support, the basement side wall 2 needs to bear the load independently, and the width of the reserved space is relatively large (>500mm) to avoid mutual interference between the two.

[0036] When backfilling reserved spaces, if the width of the reserved space is greater than 500mm, it is recommended to use layered backfilling with lightweight materials (such as expanded clay concrete) or pour plain concrete. This ensures the compactness and stability of the filling material, avoids temperature cracks in large-volume concrete, and the lightweight material reduces its own weight, thus reducing the additional load on the structure. If the width of the reserved space is less than 300mm, it is recommended to use penetrating crystalline waterproof coating and grouting. Grouting materials have good fluidity and can fill narrow spaces, ensuring a dense and void-free environment.

[0037] Among them, waterproof coating 32 is a polyurethane waterproof coating, which can be 2.0mm thick. Polyurethane waterproof coating has good adhesion and water resistance, and can effectively seal the tiny cracks and pores on the surface of the diaphragm wall 1 to prevent water penetration. Waterproof membrane 33 is a polymer self-adhesive pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane, which can be 1.2mm thick. It has a self-adhesive layer on the back. The polymer self-adhesive pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane has self-adhesion and pre-laying properties, and can be tightly bonded to the diaphragm wall 1 and the basement side wall 2 to form a reliable waterproof layer. Through the waterproof coating 32 and waterproof membrane 33, a double protection is formed to further improve the waterproof effect.

[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, a capping beam 5 is cast above the diaphragm wall 1. A centrally embedded waterstop is pre-installed at the joint between the capping beam 5 and the diaphragm wall 1. This centrally embedded waterstop is a rubber waterstop. An SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane is laid on the outside of the waterstop, and a polyurethane waterproof coating is sprayed on the inside. The SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane is 3mm+4mm thick, and the polyurethane waterproof coating is 1.5mm thick, forming a double layer of protection. The centrally embedded waterstop has SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane on both sides near the capping beam 5 and the diaphragm wall 1, utilizing the material's self-healing properties to adapt to minor deformations. This double-layer design improves the waterproofing at the joint, avoiding the potential weakness of single-sided waterproofing. Furthermore, the polyurethane waterproof coating sprayed on the inside of the centrally embedded waterstop forms a continuous, seamless waterproof membrane, filling tiny gaps and enhancing the waterproof sealing effect. Strict vibration is required during the concrete pouring of the capping beam 5, and the surface flatness error must be controlled within ±5mm.

[0039] An expansion joint is provided at the junction of the cap beam 5 and the top slab 4. The expansion joint is filled with an elastic sealant, specifically polysulfide sealant. Both sides of the expansion joint are covered with TPO waterproof membrane (thermoplastic polyolefin waterproof membrane). The TPO waterproof membrane has an elongation rate ≥600%, capable of accommodating minor deformations caused by temperature, humidity, and load, preventing cracks and water penetration. The width of the expansion joint ranges from 20 to 30 mm. The expansion joint also reduces the impact of uneven foundation settlement on the structure, improving the overall stability and safety of the basement project.

[0040] In this design, the internal and external corners of the capping beam 5 and the diaphragm wall 1 are rounded. In structural waterproofing and construction, rounded corners effectively reduce stress concentration and the risk of cracking. In this embodiment, the rounded corner design facilitates the laying of the waterproof layer, preventing damage or detachment of the waterproof material due to excessive bending at sharp corners. The radius of the rounded corners is R≥50mm, which facilitates the adhesion of the waterproof membrane 33 and reduces construction difficulty.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the top slab 4 is cast on the side of the basement side wall 2 away from the waterproof membrane 33 and is attached to the basement side wall 2. A waterproof structure 6 is provided on the top slab 4, extending at least partially towards the diaphragm wall 1 and connecting with it, forming a continuous waterproof layer between the top of the basement top slab 4 and the basement side wall 2. This effectively prevents water from seeping into the basement from the joint between the top slab 4 and the diaphragm wall 1, avoiding cracking or leakage of the waterproof layer and enhancing the overall waterproof performance. The thickness of the waterproof structure 6 is less than the thickness of the top slab 4, ensuring that the structural strength and load-bearing capacity of the top slab 4 are not affected.

[0042] The roof waterproofing structure 6 includes a protective layer 61, a first waterproofing layer 62, and a second waterproofing layer 63, arranged sequentially from the roof slab 4 outwards. The first and second waterproofing layers 62 and 63 employ a double-layer waterproofing design, providing multiple layers of protection. Even if the second waterproofing layer 63 has defects, the first waterproofing layer 62 can still effectively prevent water penetration, greatly improving the safety and durability of the roof waterproofing structure 6. The surface of the protective layer 61 is flush with the surface of the diaphragm wall 1. The protective layer 61 effectively prevents the first and second waterproofing layers 62 and 63 from being scratched, punctured, or aged, extending the service life of the roof waterproofing structure 6. The flush surface avoids height differences or gaps, facilitating subsequent construction, such as laying protective layers, decorative layers, or other structures, reducing water accumulation and dirt buildup, and lowering maintenance difficulty.

[0043] The protective layer 61 is made of concrete, which has high strength and durability, and can effectively protect the underlying first waterproof layer 62 and second waterproof layer 63 from damage by the external environment. The first waterproof layer 62 is a non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating, which can be 2.0 mm thick. The second waterproof layer 63 is a polymer-modified asphalt root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane, which can be 4.0 mm thick. By using non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating and polymer-modified asphalt root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane of specific thicknesses, the water resistance and waterproof effect of the roof waterproof structure 6 can be enhanced, and the service life of the roof slab 4 can be extended.

[0044] The overlap length between the waterproof membrane 33 and the first waterproof layer 62 is ≥100mm. In this embodiment, the overlap length is 250mm. By setting a reasonable overlap length, the amount of water that seeps into the basement side wall 2 and the roof slab 4 through the assembly gap between the waterproof membrane 33 and the first waterproof layer 62 is reduced, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the waterproof structure of the entire underground structure, preventing leakage, and achieving a reliable waterproof jointing method for the roof slab 4.

[0045] During construction, real-time monitoring is required for the differential settlement (monitoring frequency ≥ 1 time / week) and horizontal displacement (monitoring frequency ≥ 2 times / month) between the capping beam 5 and the basement side wall 2. When the deformation rate exceeds 2mm / d, construction should be suspended and the waterproof joint structure adjusted. Furthermore, the waterproof joints around the capping beam 5 should be inspected regularly, and any leaks should be repaired promptly using low-pressure grouting: epoxy resin or polyurethane grouting material should be injected through pre-embedded grouting pipes to seal the leakage channels and prevent further leakage.

[0046] The present application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the present application and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure for a basement, characterized in that, include: Diaphragm wall (1); The basement side wall (2) is located on one side of the diaphragm wall (1); A reserved space is provided between the diaphragm wall (1) and the basement side wall (2); The reserved space includes waterproof coating (32) and waterproof membrane (33), which at least partially extend to the surface of the diaphragm wall (1). The diaphragm wall (1) and the basement side wall (2) are sequentially configured with waterproof coating (32) and waterproof membrane (33).

2. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the reserved space ranges from 300mm to 500mm.

3. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a top plate (4), which is cast on the side of the basement side wall (2) away from the waterproof membrane (33) and is attached to the basement side wall (2). The top plate (4) is provided with a waterproof structure (6), which extends at least partially toward the diaphragm wall (1) and is connected to the diaphragm wall (1). The thickness of the waterproof structure (6) on the top plate is less than the thickness of the top plate (4).

4. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top waterproof structure (6) includes a protective layer (61), a first waterproof layer (62), and a second waterproof layer (63), which are arranged sequentially from the top plate (4) outwards as the first waterproof layer (62), the second waterproof layer (63), and the protective layer (61). The surface of the protective layer (61) is flush with the surface of the diaphragm wall (1).

5. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective layer (61) is made of concrete. The first waterproof layer (62) is a non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating; The second waterproof layer (63) is a polymer-modified bitumen root-penetration resistant waterproof membrane.

6. The waterproof structure for a basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof coating (32) is a polyurethane waterproof coating; The waterproof membrane (33) is a polymer self-adhesive pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane.

7. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overlap length between the waterproof membrane (33) and the first waterproof layer (62) is ≥100mm.

8. The waterproof structure for the basement according to claim 3, characterized in that, A crown beam (5) is cast above the diaphragm wall (1). A centrally embedded waterstop is pre-embedded at the joint between the crown beam (5) and the diaphragm wall (1). SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane is laid on the outside of the centrally embedded waterstop, and polyurethane waterproof coating is sprayed on the inside.

9. The waterproof structure for a basement according to claim 8, characterized in that, An expansion joint is provided at the junction of the crown beam (5) and the top plate (4). The expansion joint is filled with elastic sealing material, and TPO waterproof membrane is pasted on both sides of the expansion joint. The width of the expansion joint ranges from 20 to 30 mm.

10. The waterproof structure for a basement according to claim 8, characterized in that, The internal and external corners of the crown beam (5) and the ground diaphragm wall (1) are rounded. The radius of the fillet is R≥50mm.

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