Tailstock device for a machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tailstock device for machine tool, including tailstock, sliding and being equipped with the sleeve of tailstock, installing on the top pin of sleeve, the cylinder body of fixed connection in tailstock, install in the piston of cylinder body, the cylinder cover of liquid seal fixed connection in the right end place of cylinder body, the guide rod of sliding guide and passing through piston and sleeve, and the end cover of fixed connection in cylinder cover and with guide rod connection, cylinder body is provided with oil passage no.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool equipment technology, and in particular to a tailstock device for machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machine tool processing, especially in lathes and grinding machines, the tailstock is a crucial component ensuring the machining accuracy and stability of slender shaft workpieces. The tailstock applies axial support to the workpiece through its internal centers, preventing vibration, bending, or deformation caused by insufficient rigidity during machining. With the increasing demands for automation and high-precision machining, hydraulic centers, due to their stable clamping force, automatic control, and high repeatability, have been widely used in modern CNC machine tools.

[0003] Existing hydraulic centers typically consist of a tailstock body, a sleeve installed within it, and a hydraulic drive mechanism housed within the sleeve. In a typical structure, the piston is located at the rear end of the sleeve and is rigidly connected to it (e.g., bolted together). Hydraulic oil drives the piston, propelling the sleeve and the center head forward synchronously to clamp the workpiece. However, this rigid connection structure has several technical drawbacks: First, it requires extremely high coaxiality between the piston and sleeve and precise machining of the connecting holes to ensure smooth movement and reliable sealing, leading to strict tolerance control in component manufacturing and a significant increase in processing costs. Second, because the piston and sleeve are fixedly connected, the overall structure is compact and highly integrated. Repairing or replacing vulnerable components such as seals and centers requires complete disassembly of the piston and sleeve assembly, a complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process with low maintenance efficiency, impacting the normal service life of the equipment. Furthermore, rigid connections are prone to fatigue damage due to stress concentration during long-term use, affecting service life.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a hydraulic center structure that is structurally reasonable, easy to assemble and maintain, and has a low manufacturing cost, in order to overcome the problems of high machining accuracy requirements, high manufacturing costs, and inconvenient disassembly and assembly caused by the rigid connection between the piston and the sleeve in the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a tailstock device for machine tools.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A tailstock device for a machine tool includes a tailstock, a sleeve slidably mounted on the tailstock, a center mounted on the sleeve, a cylinder fixed to the tailstock, a piston mounted in the cylinder, a cylinder cover hydraulically sealed and fixed to the right end of the cylinder, a guide rod slidably guided through the piston and the sleeve, and an end cap fixed to the cylinder cover and connected to the guide rod. The cylinder is provided with an oil passage one and an oil passage two communicating with its inner cavity. The piston includes a rod and a plug fixed to the rod. The left end of the rod protrudes from the cylinder and is hydraulically sealed to the cylinder, and the right end of the rod protrudes from the cylinder cover and is hydraulically sealed to the cylinder cover. A groove is provided at the left end of the rod, and a separate connecting ring is detachably connected to the right end of the sleeve. The inner edge of the connecting ring is embedded in the groove and is clearance-fitted with the groove.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a positioning ring is provided at the right end of the sleeve, and a positioning groove that is clearance-fitted with the positioning ring is provided at the left end of the rod.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positioning ring includes a cylindrical part that is detachably connected to the sleeve, and a flange part that is embedded in the groove.

[0010] In one preferred embodiment of this invention, the positioning ring is fixed to the sleeve by screws.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a blind hole is provided at the center of one end of the tip located inside the sleeve, and the guide rod extends into the blind hole.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a lubricating oil passage is provided on the tailstock in the area of ​​the sleeve, a lubricating oil circuit is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve that communicates with the lubricating oil passage, an oil storage tank is provided at the inlet end of the lubricating oil passage, and a removable cover is provided on the oil storage tank.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, it further includes a base that is detachably connected to the tailstock.

[0014] The above technical solution has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. This application provides an improved hydraulic center connection structure. By providing an annular groove at the piston end facing the sleeve and using a split connecting ring to detachably connect the piston and sleeve, it effectively solves the technical problems of high machining accuracy requirements, high manufacturing costs, and inconvenient disassembly and assembly caused by the rigid connection between the piston and sleeve in the prior art. Specifically, the connecting ring is an independently machined split annular part. Its outer circumference is fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve by screws, while its inner edge is embedded in the groove at the end of the piston, with a pre-reserved movable clearance in the radial direction. This structural design eliminates the need for strict coaxial fit between the connecting ring and the piston, significantly reducing the machining accuracy requirements of key parts such as the connecting ring, piston groove, and sleeve connecting hole. This significantly reduces the machining difficulty and manufacturing cost of the parts, which is beneficial for mass production and quality control.

[0016] 2. Due to the radial clearance between the connecting ring and the piston groove, this application allows for a small radial displacement during assembly or disassembly, effectively compensating for minor alignment errors between the piston and sleeve during installation. After removing the screws, the sleeve can be slightly adjusted relative to the piston, avoiding the assembly / disassembly jamming problem caused by difficulty in hole alignment in traditional rigid connection structures. This greatly improves the convenience and efficiency of assembly / disassembly, especially facilitating the maintenance and replacement of internal vulnerable parts such as seals and centers. Simultaneously, this connection method can reliably transmit axial thrust during operation, ensuring the normal tightening stroke and operational stability of the center. In summary, this application, through structural innovation, achieves the dual advantages of low-cost manufacturing and high maintenance convenience for hydraulic centers while ensuring functional reliability, possessing good practical value and industrialization prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left view;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along the middle AA;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 1 3D exploded view;

[0023] In the picture:

[0024] 1-Tail bracket, 2-Sleeve, 3-Center, 4-Cylinder block, 5-Piston, 6-Cylinder head, 7-Guide rod, 8-End cover, 9-Oil passage 1, 10-Groove, 11-Connecting ring, 12-Positioning ring, 13-Positioning groove, 14-Lubricating oil passage, 15-Lubricating oil channel, 16-Oil reservoir, 17-Cover plate, 18-Blind hole; 19-Base;

[0025] 51-Rod body, 52-Plug body;

[0026] 121 - cylindrical body, 122 - flange. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding of this utility model, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] As attached Figure 1-6 As shown, a tailstock device for a machine tool includes a tailstock 1, a sleeve 2 slidably mounted on the tailstock 1, a center 3 mounted on the sleeve 2, a cylinder 4 fixedly connected to the tailstock 1, a piston 5 mounted inside the cylinder 4, a cylinder cover 6 hydraulically sealed and fixed to the right end of the cylinder 4, a guide rod 7 slidingly guiding through the piston 5 and the sleeve 2, and an end cap 8 fixedly connected to the cylinder cover 6 and connected to the guide rod 7; the cylinder 4 is provided with an oil passage 9 and an oil passage 2 (not shown in the figure) communicating with its inner cavity; The piston 5 includes a rod 51 and a plug 52 fixedly connected to the rod 51; the left end of the rod 51 extends out of the cylinder 4 and is in a fluid-sealed fit with the cylinder 4, and the right end of the rod 51 extends out of the cylinder cover 6 and is in a fluid-sealed fit with the cylinder cover 6; a groove 10 is provided at the left end of the rod 51, and a split connecting ring 11 is detachably connected to the right end of the sleeve 2. In this embodiment, the connecting ring 11 consists of two half rings, and the inner edge of the connecting ring 11 is embedded in the groove 10 and is in a clearance fit with the groove 10.

[0030] In one preferred embodiment, a positioning ring 12 is provided at the right end of the sleeve 2, and a positioning groove 13 is provided at the left end of the rod 51, which is in clearance fit with the positioning ring 12. The positions of the positioning ring 12 and the positioning groove 13 can also be interchanged. The positioning ring 12 ensures the accurate relative position between the sleeve 2 and the rod 51, preventing unnecessary axial or radial offset between them, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the movement of the tip 3. The design of the positioning ring 12 and the positioning groove 13 enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the assembly, while allowing a certain amount of adjustment space to compensate for manufacturing errors.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the positioning ring 12 includes a cylindrical portion 121 detachably connected to the sleeve 2, and a flange portion 122 embedded in the groove 10. This design allows the positioning ring 12 to be easily installed and disassembled, facilitating maintenance and replacement, while also reducing wear caused by long-term use. The positioning ring 12 is preferably fixed to the sleeve 2 by screws. Screw connections are simple, reliable, and facilitate precise positioning, as well as subsequent adjustments and maintenance.

[0032] In one preferred embodiment, a blind hole 18 is provided at the center of one end of the tip 3 located inside the sleeve 2, and the guide rod 7 extends into the blind hole 18. The guide rod 7 extending into the blind hole 18 of the tip 3 provides additional guiding support, ensuring that the tip 3 maintains linear movement during the advancement process and avoiding machining errors caused by skewness.

[0033] In one preferred embodiment, a lubrication channel 15 is provided on the tailstock 1 in the area of ​​the sleeve 2. A lubrication passage 14 communicating with the lubrication channel 15 is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 2. An oil reservoir 16 is provided at the inlet end of the lubrication channel 15, and a removable cover plate 17 is provided on the oil reservoir 16. The oil reservoir 16 may also have a built-in one-way valve oil filling hole structure, allowing lubricating oil to be periodically added via an external oil gun; or a micro oil pump and sensor may be integrated into the lubrication channel 15 to achieve automatic lubrication control. Lubricating oil enters the lubrication passage 14 from the oil reservoir 16 through the lubrication channel 15, lubricating the sleeve 2 and its related moving parts, reducing friction loss and extending service life. An effective lubrication mechanism can significantly reduce wear, improve the working efficiency and reliability of the equipment, and multiple lubrication replenishment methods can adapt to different application scenarios.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution in this embodiment, it also includes a base 19 detachably connected to the tailstock 1. During operation, the base 19 is guided and connected to the guide rail of the machine tool bed, and the tailstock 1 is then bolted to the base 19. When it is necessary to adjust the axial position of the tailstock to accommodate workpieces of different lengths, the base 19 is moved along the bed guide rail to the target position and then relocked. Alternatively, when replacing tailstock 1 components of different specifications, the entire tailstock 1 can be quickly removed from the base 19 and replaced with other functional modules. This structure, by setting the detachably connected base 19, realizes modular assembly between the tailstock 1 and the machine tool body, which not only facilitates the overall installation, disassembly, and maintenance of the tailstock, but also improves the versatility and flexibility of the equipment. As a transitional connector, the base 19 can ensure the repeatability and positioning accuracy of the tailstock 1 installation, reduce direct wear on the bed guide rail, extend the service life of the machine tool, and facilitate the rapid replacement of multiple tailstocks or their interchangeability on different machine tools. It is particularly suitable for flexible production lines and multi-variety, small-batch processing scenarios, significantly improving production efficiency and equipment utilization.

[0035] When the hydraulic system supplies oil to the cylinder 4 through oil circuit 9, the piston 5 moves to the right under hydraulic pressure (assuming "to the right" refers to the direction away from the workpiece), causing the rod 51 and sleeve 2 to move to the right together. This action causes the tip 3 to retract from the end face of the workpiece, thus releasing the workpiece. Specifically, during this process, since the piston 5 and rod 51 are integrated, its rightward displacement is directly transmitted to the sleeve 2, which is connected to the rod 51 through a separate connecting ring 11, thus enabling synchronous axial displacement. Conversely, when it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, the hydraulic system switches to oil circuit 2. At this time, the piston 5 is pushed by reverse hydraulic pressure and moves to the left (i.e., towards the workpiece). As the piston 5 moves, it pushes the rod 51 and sleeve 2 to move to the left together until the tip 3 comes into close contact with and clamps the workpiece. This design ensures that the pressure applied by the tip 3 to the workpiece is uniform and controllable, which helps to improve machining accuracy.

[0036] This application adopts a split-type connecting ring 11 structure, which significantly reduces the requirements for the machining accuracy of each component. Because the connecting ring 11 is an independent part, the clearance fit between its inner edge and the groove 10 allows for certain manufacturing tolerances, eliminating the need for the extremely high consistency and coaxiality required in rigid connections. This simplifies the production process and reduces manufacturing costs. Furthermore, this design greatly simplifies the assembly process. The connecting ring 11 can be installed onto the rod 51 first, followed by the sleeve 2, or the sleeve 2 can be flexibly adjusted and fixed after partial installation, greatly improving assembly flexibility and efficiency. More importantly, this structure allows for slight radial displacement between the piston 5 and the sleeve 2. This means that during equipment maintenance or replacement of internal components such as seals and the tip 3, disassembly and assembly can be easily completed by slightly adjusting the position of the piston 5 or the sleeve 2, without the need for strict alignment of holes as in traditional rigid connections. This significantly improves the ease of equipment maintenance and reduces the risk of wear and damage caused by frequent disassembly and assembly. This innovative design ensures the functional reliability of the tip 3 device while also considering economy and practicality, making it highly valuable for application.

[0037] In the description of the above embodiments, for the sake of brevity and clarity, some components and their specific structural details that are not directly related to the core innovations of this utility model have been omitted. These omitted parts all fall within the scope of existing technology, and those skilled in the art can fully implement the design and manufacture of these parts based on their professional knowledge and existing technical materials. Therefore, they will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this utility model, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tailstock device for a machine tool, comprising a tailstock (1), a sleeve (2) slidably mounted on the tailstock (1), a center (3) mounted on the sleeve (2), a cylinder (4) fixedly connected to the tailstock (1), a piston (5) mounted inside the cylinder (4), a cylinder cover (6) liquid-sealed and fixedly connected to the right end of the cylinder (4), a guide rod (7) slidably guided through the piston (5) and the sleeve (2), and an end cap (8) fixedly connected to the cylinder cover (6) and connected to the guide rod (7); the cylinder (4) is provided with an oil passage one (9) and an oil passage two communicating with its inner cavity; characterized in that: The piston (5) includes a rod (51) and a plug (52) fixed to the rod (51); the left end of the rod (51) protrudes from the cylinder (4) and is in liquid-sealed cooperation with the cylinder (4), and the right end of the rod (51) protrudes from the cylinder cover (6) and is in liquid-sealed cooperation with the cylinder cover (6); a groove (10) is provided at the left end of the rod (51), and a separate connecting ring (11) is detachably connected to the right end of the sleeve (2), and the inner edge of the connecting ring (11) is embedded in the groove (10) and is in clearance cooperation with the groove (10).

2. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end of the sleeve (2) is provided with a positioning ring (12), and the left end of the rod (51) is provided with a positioning groove (13) that is in clearance fit with the positioning ring (12).

3. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning ring (12) includes a cylindrical part (121) detachably connected to the sleeve (2) and a flange part (122) embedded in the groove (10).

4. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning ring (12) is fixed to the sleeve (2) by screws.

5. The tailstock device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tip (3) has a blind hole (18) at the center of one end inside the sleeve (2), and the guide rod (7) extends into the blind hole (18).

6. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tip (3) has a blind hole (18) at the center of one end inside the sleeve (2), and the guide rod (7) extends into the blind hole (18).

7. The tailstock device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the tailstock (1) in the area of ​​the sleeve (2). A lubricating oil passage (14) communicating with the lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (2). An oil storage tank (16) is provided at the inlet end of the lubricating oil passage (15). A removable cover plate (17) is provided on the oil storage tank (16).

8. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: A lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the tailstock (1) in the area of ​​the sleeve (2). A lubricating oil passage (14) communicating with the lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (2). An oil storage tank (16) is provided at the inlet end of the lubricating oil passage (15). A removable cover plate (17) is provided on the oil storage tank (16).

9. The tailstock device for machine tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: A lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the tailstock (1) in the area of ​​the sleeve (2). A lubricating oil passage (14) communicating with the lubricating oil passage (15) is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve (2). An oil storage tank (16) is provided at the inlet end of the lubricating oil passage (15). A removable cover plate (17) is provided on the oil storage tank (16).

10. The tailstock device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a base (19) that is detachably connected to the tailstock (1).

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