Self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion prevention capability and power supply system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capacity and power energy supply system belongs to power battery field, including battery module, battery pack shell, cooling system and explosion-proof component, battery pack shell is used to accommodate each electric core, the bottom plate of battery pack shell is set to liquid cooling plate;Cooling system includes cooling circuit, temperature control sensor, circulating pump and radiator, temperature control sensor is located in the inner wall of battery pack shell, cooling circuit includes circulation pipeline and cooling flow channel, cooling flow channel is located in the bottom plate of battery pack shell, circulating pump is used to drive the flow of coolant in cooling circuit, explosion-proof component includes pressure relief valve, smoke sensor and fire-fighting nozzle, smoke sensor and temperature control sensor are all connected with pressure relief valve and fire-fighting nozzle communication, fire-fighting nozzle is used to spray fire extinguishing agent in battery pack shell.Compared with prior art, the utility model improves the existing power battery thermal runaway problem prominent technical problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power batteries, and more specifically, it relates to a self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capabilities. This utility model also relates to a power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] The power battery is the power source that provides power to the tool. It is the core component of electric vehicles, and its cost accounts for 35% to 50% of the total cost of electric vehicles. Electric vehicle power batteries on the market can be divided into four categories: ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, and others.

[0003] Battery thermal runaway often begins with the decomposition of the SEI film on the negative electrode inside the battery cell, followed by the decomposition and melting of the separator. This causes the negative electrode to react with the electrolyte, which in turn causes the positive electrode and electrolyte to decompose, triggering a large-scale internal short circuit. This leads to electrolyte combustion, which then spreads to other cells, causing severe thermal runaway and ultimately causing the entire battery pack to spontaneously combust.

[0004] Thermal runaway is divided into three stages: the self-generating stage (50℃-140℃), the thermal runaway stage (140℃-850℃), and the thermal runaway termination stage (850℃-room temperature). To prevent thermal runaway, the problem is generally addressed through two approaches: addressing the issue at its source and addressing it externally. At its source, research into material improvements is needed. The essence of thermal runaway lies primarily in the stability of the positive and negative electrode materials and the electrolyte. Further breakthroughs are required in the coating and modification of positive electrode materials, the compatibility of the bulk electrolyte with the electrode, and improving the thermal conductivity of the battery cell. Alternatively, a highly safe electrolyte with flame-retardant properties can be selected. From an external perspective, a safe and efficient thermal management system is needed to suppress the temperature rise of the lithium-ion battery. Theoretically, as long as the temperature does not rise to the point where the SEI film begins to dissolve, thermal runaway will not occur.

[0005] However, existing battery thermal runaway management systems have several problems. For example, during high-power charging and discharging, batteries generate a large amount of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and promptly, the battery temperature will become too high, affecting its lifespan, performance, and safety, and potentially leading to serious consequences such as thermal runaway. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, such as battery short circuits or external ignition sources, the battery pack may catch fire and explode, causing significant harm to personnel and equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power battery pack that can efficiently dissipate heat and possess fire and explosion protection capabilities to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities, so as to improve the technical problems of prominent thermal runaway and insufficient fire and explosion protection capabilities of existing power batteries.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: to provide a self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities, comprising:

[0008] A battery module, comprising multiple cells connected in series;

[0009] A battery pack housing for accommodating each of the battery cells, wherein the bottom plate of the battery pack housing is configured as a liquid cooling plate;

[0010] The cooling system includes a cooling circuit, a temperature control sensor, a circulation pump, and a radiator. The temperature control sensor is located on the inner wall of the battery pack casing and is used to sense the temperature of the battery cells. The cooling circuit includes interconnected circulation pipes and cooling channels. The cooling channels are located on the bottom plate of the battery pack casing. The inlet and outlet of the circulation pump are both connected to the circulation pipes and are used to drive the flow of coolant in the cooling circuit. The radiator includes a cooling fan and heat sinks. The circulation pipes are connected to the heat sinks. The cooling fan is used to remove the heat from the heat sinks. The temperature control sensor is communicatively connected to the circulation pump and the cooling fan.

[0011] The explosion-proof component includes a pressure relief valve, a smoke sensor, and a fire nozzle. The pressure relief valve and the fire nozzle are both located on the side wall of the battery pack housing. The smoke sensor and the temperature control sensor are both communicatively connected to the pressure relief valve and the fire nozzle. The fire nozzle is used to spray fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack housing.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the battery pack housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing, the pressure relief valve and the fire nozzle are both located on the upper housing, and the liquid cooling plate is the bottom plate of the lower housing.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, the lower housing is further provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the circulation pipeline is connected to the cooling channel through the water inlet and the water outlet.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the lower housing is provided with an MSD manual maintenance assembly that is electrically connected to the battery cell.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, a first reinforcing rib is integrally connected to the side plate of the lower shell, the length direction of the first reinforcing rib is parallel to the length direction of the lower shell, and a weight-reducing cavity is formed between the first reinforcing rib and the side plate of the lower shell.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, a second reinforcing rib is provided above the liquid cooling plate, and the two ends of the second reinforcing rib are respectively connected to two inner sidewalls in the width direction of the lower shell.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the lower housing is further provided with a communication interface, and the battery cell, the fire nozzle, the pressure relief valve, the MSD manual maintenance component, the smoke sensor and the temperature control sensor are all connected to the communication interface.

[0018] In one feasible implementation, the inner sides of both the upper housing and the lower housing are coated with an intumescent fire-retardant material.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capabilities provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0020] During use, this invention achieves dual protection of dynamic temperature control and active safety through the cooperation of the battery module, cooling system, and explosion-proof components. The temperature control sensor monitors the cell temperature in real time; when the temperature exceeds a threshold, it activates the circulation pump and cooling fan for forced cooling, while the liquid cooling plate and heat sink work together to quickly dissipate heat. The smoke sensor and temperature control data jointly trigger the pressure relief valve to release internal pressure, while the fire nozzles precisely spray extinguishing agent to suppress the fire. This structure effectively solves the risk of combustion and explosion caused by thermal runaway of the power battery, controlling the battery pack's operating temperature within a safe range through a multi-level protection mechanism, thus improving the thermal management efficiency and safety redundancy of the battery system.

[0021] Another objective of this invention is to provide a power supply system, including the self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities mentioned above.

[0022] Compared to existing technologies, the power supply system of this invention possesses all the advantages of the aforementioned self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities. Furthermore, this power supply system achieves an IP53 protection rating and a 1500V withstand voltage rating through modular design, increasing the system energy density to over 180Wh / kg. The synergistic effect of each subsystem enables an overall thermal runaway warning advance of 15 minutes and a cycle life exceeding 2000 cycles, making it particularly suitable for high-load operating conditions in commercial vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capabilities provided by this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the lower shell provided by this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower shell and the upper shell provided by this utility model.

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 1. Battery module;

[0029] 2. Battery pack casing; 21. Upper casing; 22. Lower casing; 221. Water inlet; 222. Water outlet; 223. MSD manual service kit; 224. Communication interface; 225. First reinforcing rib; 226. Second reinforcing rib;

[0030] 3. Cooling system; 31. Cooling flow channels;

[0031] 4. Explosion-proof components; 41. Pressure relief valve; 42. Fire sprinkler nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "back" or indicating orientation or positional relationship appear, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in light of the specific circumstances.

[0035] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0036] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3The present invention will now describe the self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capabilities.

[0037] This utility model discloses a self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities, comprising a battery module 1, a battery pack shell 2, a cooling system 3, and an explosion-proof component 4. The battery module 1 includes multiple cells connected in series. The battery pack shell 2 houses the cells, and its base plate is configured as a liquid-cooled plate. The cooling system 3 includes a cooling circuit, a temperature control sensor, a circulation pump, and a radiator. The temperature control sensor is located on the inner wall of the battery pack shell 2 to sense the temperature of the cells. The cooling circuit includes interconnected circulation pipes and cooling channels 31, which are located on the base plate of the battery pack shell 2. The inlet and outlet of the ring pump are both connected to the circulation pipeline to drive the flow of coolant in the cooling circuit. The radiator includes a cooling fan and heat sinks. The circulation pipeline is connected to the heat sinks. The cooling fan is used to remove the heat from the heat sinks. The temperature control sensor is communicatively connected to the circulation pump and the cooling fan. The explosion-proof component 4 includes a pressure relief valve 41, a smoke sensor and a fire nozzle 42. The pressure relief valve 41 and the fire nozzle 42 are both located on the side wall of the battery pack housing 2. The smoke sensor and the temperature control sensor are communicatively connected to the pressure relief valve 41 and the fire nozzle 42. The fire nozzle 42 is used to spray extinguishing agent into the battery pack housing 2.

[0038] Compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves dual protection of dynamic temperature control and active safety through the cooperation of the battery module 1, cooling system 3, and explosion-proof components 4 during use. The temperature control sensor monitors the cell temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds a threshold, it triggers the circulation pump and cooling fan to activate forced cooling, and the liquid cooling plate and heat sink work together to quickly dissipate heat. The smoke sensor and temperature control data jointly trigger the pressure relief valve 41 to release internal pressure, while the fire nozzle 42 precisely sprays extinguishing agent to suppress the fire. This structure effectively solves the risk of combustion and explosion caused by thermal runaway of the power battery. Through a multi-level protection mechanism, it controls the battery pack operating temperature within a safe range, improving the thermal management efficiency and safety redundancy of the battery system.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the battery pack casing 2 includes an upper casing 21 and a lower casing 22. A pressure relief valve 41 and a fire nozzle 42 are both located on the upper casing 21, and a liquid cooling plate serves as the base plate of the lower casing 22. By centrally arranging the pressure relief valve 41 and fire nozzle 42 on the upper casing 21, the direction of pressure release is controllable, and the extinguishing agent coverage is uniform. Using the base plate of the lower casing 22 directly as the liquid cooling plate achieves an integrated structural and functional design. This layout optimizes the utilization of internal space and shortens the heat conduction path.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the lower housing 22 is further provided with a water inlet 221 and a water outlet 222. The circulation pipeline is connected to the cooling channel 31 through the water inlet 221 and the water outlet 222. In this embodiment, the integrated design of the water inlet 221 and the water outlet 222 forms a closed-loop system between the cooling channel 31 and the circulation pipeline, enabling rapid assembly through standardized interfaces. Compared with a split connection structure, this solution reduces pipeline bending losses, improves coolant circulation efficiency, and facilitates coolant replacement and cleaning of the circulation system during later maintenance.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the lower housing 22 is provided with an MSD manual maintenance component 223 that is electrically connected to the battery cell. The MSD manual maintenance component 223 establishes a physical isolation barrier, which can directly cut off the high-voltage circuit through mechanical operation in an emergency, thereby reducing maintenance risks.

[0042] In addition to the feasible implementation methods described above, in one specific embodiment, a first reinforcing rib 225 is integrally connected to the side plate of the lower housing 22. The length direction of the first reinforcing rib 225 is parallel to the length direction of the lower housing 22, and a weight-reducing cavity is formed between the first reinforcing rib 225 and the side plate of the lower housing 22. This combined design of the first reinforcing rib 225 and the weight-reducing cavity improves the bending strength of the side plate while reducing its weight with the same amount of material. The cavity structure formed through topology optimization effectively disperses stress concentration and can absorb impact energy in collision conditions, balancing the requirements of lightweighting and structural safety. It is particularly suitable for the installation scenario of battery packs in new energy vehicle chassis.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, a second reinforcing rib 226 is provided above the liquid cooling plate, and the two ends of the second reinforcing rib 226 are respectively connected to two inner sidewalls in the width direction of the lower housing 22. The second reinforcing rib 226 is laterally connected to the sidewalls of the housing to form a truss structure, which increases the pressure-bearing capacity of the liquid cooling plate by more than 50%. This design ensures the unobstructed flow of the cooling channel 31 while effectively suppressing the housing deformation caused by cell expansion during battery charging and discharging, preventing coolant leakage caused by structural deformation, and extending the service life of the battery pack.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the lower housing 22 is also equipped with a communication interface 224. The battery cell, fire nozzle 42, pressure relief valve 41, MSD manual maintenance component 223, smoke sensor, and temperature control sensor are all connected to the communication interface 224. The integrated communication interface 224 realizes multi-system data fusion and transmits information such as battery status and safety component operating conditions in a unified manner through a bus protocol. This design can reduce fault diagnosis response time and support the remote monitoring platform to obtain key parameters such as the pressure value of the fire nozzle 42 and the opening degree of the pressure relief valve 41 in real time.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the inner sides of both the upper housing 21 and the lower housing 22 are coated with an intumescent fire-retardant material. This intumescent fire-retardant coating expands more than 10 times in volume at 300°C, forming a dense carbonized layer that isolates oxygen. This, combined with the active fire suppression system, provides dual protection of "passive flame retardancy + active fire extinguishing," reducing the rate of thermal runaway propagation by 70%, and significantly suppressing micro-short-circuit fires caused by lithium dendrites.

[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, another objective of this utility model is to propose a power supply system, including the self-cooling power battery pack with fireproof and explosion-proof capabilities mentioned above.

[0047] Compared to existing technologies, the power supply system of this invention possesses all the advantages of the aforementioned self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities. Furthermore, this power supply system achieves an IP67 protection rating and a 1500V withstand voltage rating through modular design, increasing the system energy density to over 180Wh / kg. The synergistic effect of each subsystem enables an overall thermal runaway warning advance of 15 minutes and a cycle life exceeding 2000 cycles, making it particularly suitable for high-load operating conditions in commercial vehicles.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities, characterized in that, include: A battery module (1) includes multiple cells connected in series; A battery pack housing (2) for accommodating each of the battery cells, wherein the bottom plate of the battery pack housing (2) is configured as a liquid cooling plate; The cooling system (3) includes a cooling circuit, a temperature control sensor, a circulation pump, and a radiator. The temperature control sensor is located on the inner wall of the battery pack housing (2) and is used to sense the temperature of the battery cell. The cooling circuit includes a circulating pipe and a cooling channel (31) that are interconnected. The cooling channel (31) is located on the bottom plate of the battery pack housing (2). The inlet and outlet of the circulation pump are connected to the circulating pipe and are used to drive the flow of coolant in the cooling circuit. The radiator includes a cooling fan and a heat sink. The circulating pipe is connected to the heat sink. The cooling fan is used to remove the heat from the heat sink. The temperature control sensor is communicatively connected to the circulation pump and the cooling fan. The explosion-proof component (4) includes a pressure relief valve (41), a smoke sensor, and a fire nozzle (42). The pressure relief valve (41) and the fire nozzle (42) are both located on the side wall of the battery pack housing (2). The smoke sensor and the temperature control sensor are both connected in communication with the pressure relief valve (41) and the fire nozzle (42). The fire nozzle (42) is used to spray extinguishing agent into the battery pack housing (2).

2. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack housing (2) includes an upper housing (21) and a lower housing (22). The pressure relief valve (41) and the fire nozzle (42) are both located on the upper housing (21), and the liquid cooling plate is the bottom plate of the lower housing (22).

3. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lower housing (22) is also provided with a water inlet (221) and a water outlet (222), and the circulation pipeline is connected to the cooling channel (31) through the water inlet (221) and the water outlet (222).

4. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The lower housing (22) is provided with an MSD manual maintenance assembly (223) that is electrically connected to the battery cell.

5. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The side plate of the lower shell (22) is integrally connected with a first reinforcing rib (225). The length direction of the first reinforcing rib (225) is parallel to the length direction of the lower shell (22), and a weight-reducing cavity is formed between the first reinforcing rib (225) and the side plate of the lower shell (22).

6. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate is provided with a second reinforcing rib (226) above it, and the two ends of the second reinforcing rib (226) are respectively connected to the two inner sidewalls of the lower shell (22) in the width direction.

7. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The lower housing (22) is also provided with a communication interface (224), and the battery cell, the fire nozzle (42), the pressure relief valve (41), the MSD manual maintenance component (223), the smoke sensor and the temperature control sensor are all connected to the communication interface (224).

8. The self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The inner side of the upper shell (21) and the inner side of the lower shell (22) are both coated with an intumescent fire-retardant material.

9. A power supply system, characterized in that, Including the self-cooling power battery pack with fire and explosion protection capabilities as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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