Underground energy storage high-pressure thin-wall device based on thermal stress regulation

Abstract

The disclosure provides an underground energy storage high-pressure thin-wall device based on thermal stress regulation, comprising: a high-pressure thin-wall pipe, which is arranged inside the lining layer of a gas storage chamber, and the inner side of the high-pressure thin-wall pipe is used for bearing a gas storage working medium; a heat exchange unit, which is filled with a phase change fluid, and the heat absorption end of the heat exchange unit is arranged outside the high-pressure thin-wall pipe, and the heat release end of the heat exchange unit is arranged in a heat absorption area outside the gas storage chamber; a sensing module, which is used for detecting the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-wall pipe; and a control module, which is used for controlling the heat exchange unit according to the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-wall pipe. In the underground energy storage high-pressure thin-wall device based on thermal stress regulation, the thermal stress regulation of the high-pressure thin-wall pipe is realized, and the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of underground energy storage technology, and in particular to a high-pressure thin-walled underground energy storage device based on thermal stress regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Underground energy storage systems possess large-scale regulation capabilities and long-term energy storage advantages, along with considerable economic and environmental benefits, making them an important long-term energy storage technology to support new power systems. Large-scale underground energy storage systems achieve efficient storage and release of grid-level energy through the dynamic conversion of coupled electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy. Their typical operating process can be divided into two stages: energy storage and energy release.

[0003] The periodic changes in forward heat conduction (heat transfer from the working fluid to the wall) during the energy storage phase and reverse heat conduction (heat transfer from the wall to the working fluid) during the energy release phase generate alternating thermal stress within the solid domain. The synergistic effect of thermal stress and mechanical stress can easily trigger the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Therefore, the regulation of thermal stress in the high-pressure thin wall of the gas storage chamber is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a high-pressure thin-walled underground energy storage device based on thermal stress regulation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides a high-pressure thin-walled underground energy storage device based on thermal stress regulation, comprising: a high-pressure thin-walled tube disposed inside the lining layer of a gas storage chamber, the inner side of which carries the gas storage medium; a heat exchange unit through which a phase change fluid is introduced, the heat-absorbing end of which is disposed outside the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the heat-releasing end of which is disposed in the heat-absorbing region outside the gas storage chamber; a sensing module for detecting the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube; and a control module whose signal input terminal is connected to the signal output terminal of the sensing module, and whose signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the heat exchange unit, the control module controlling the heat exchange unit according to the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube.

[0007] Optionally, the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube vary linearly or non-linearly along the axial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, or the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube vary linearly or non-linearly along the radial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube.

[0008] Optionally, the high-pressure thin-walled tube includes a support layer and a heat exchange layer, wherein the heat exchange layer is disposed inside the lining layer, and the support layer is disposed inside the heat exchange layer, and the support layer is used to support the gas storage medium; wherein the elastic modulus of the support layer is greater than the elastic modulus of the heat exchange layer and greater than a preset elastic modulus, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support layer is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the heat exchange layer and less than a preset coefficient of thermal expansion, and the thermal conductivity of the heat exchange layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the support layer and greater than a preset thermal conductivity.

[0009] Optionally, the heat exchange unit includes: a heat exchanger, a cooler, and a circulating pump; wherein the heat exchanger is disposed outside the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the cooler is disposed in the underground soil area outside the gas storage chamber; the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger is connected to the phase change fluid output end of the cooler, and the phase change fluid output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the phase change fluid input end of the cooler; the circulating pump is disposed between the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger and the phase change fluid output end of the cooler, and the signal input end of the circulating pump is connected to the signal output end of the control module.

[0010] Optionally, the heat exchange unit further includes a control valve, which is disposed between the phase change fluid output end of the circulating pump and the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger, and the signal input end of the control valve is connected to the signal output end of the control module.

[0011] Optionally, the heat exchanger is provided with multiple serpentine microchannels, the phase change fluid input ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels are respectively connected to the phase change fluid output ends of the circulating pump, and the phase change fluid output ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels are respectively connected to the phase change fluid input ends of the cooler.

[0012] Optionally, the sensing module includes: a temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, wherein the signal output terminal of the temperature detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module; and a stress detection unit for detecting the stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, wherein the signal output terminal of the stress detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module.

[0013] Optionally, the temperature detection unit includes: a plurality of first thermocouples, which are evenly distributed on the inner side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of first thermocouples are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module; a plurality of second thermocouples, which are evenly distributed within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of second thermocouples are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module; and an optical fiber, which is disposed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube and the inner side of the lining layer, and the signal output terminal of the optical fiber is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module.

[0014] Optionally, the stress detection unit includes: a plurality of first stress strain gauges, which are evenly distributed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled pipe and the inner side of the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of first stress strain gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module; a plurality of second stress strain gauges, which are evenly distributed within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of second stress strain gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module; and a plurality of rebar gauges, which are evenly distributed on the rebars within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of rebar gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: Without sacrificing heat exchange efficiency, a combination of active and passive heat exchange is achieved, thereby realizing the thermal stress regulation of the high-pressure thin-walled tube. This significantly reduces and homogenizes the thermal stress caused by the uneven temperature distribution of the gas storage medium during operation, thereby greatly improving the fatigue life and operational reliability of the underground energy storage system and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sensing module in an underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in the figure: 1. High-pressure thin-walled tube, 11. Support layer, 12. Heat exchange layer; 2. Heat exchange unit; 21. Heat exchanger; 211. Serpentine microchannel; 22. Cooler; 23. Circulating pump; 24. Control valve. 3. Sensing module; 31. First thermocouple; 32. Second thermocouple; 33. Optical fiber; 34. First strain gauge; 35. Second strain gauge. 4. Control module; 100. Lining layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are used only to explain this disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting this disclosure. Rather, embodiments of this disclosure include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this disclosure proposes an underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation, including: a high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, a heat exchange unit 2, a sensing module 3, and a control module 4. The high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 is disposed inside the lining layer 100 of the gas storage chamber, and the inner side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 is used to carry the gas storage working medium. The heat exchange unit 2 is introduced with a phase change fluid, and the heat absorption end of the heat exchange unit 2 is disposed outside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the heat release end of the heat exchange unit 2 is disposed in the heat absorption area outside the gas storage chamber. The sensing module 3 is used to detect the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1. The signal input terminal of the control module 4 is connected to the signal output terminal of the sensing module 3, and the signal output terminal of the control module 4 is connected to the signal input terminal of the heat exchange unit 2. The control module 4 is used to control the heat exchange unit 2 according to the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0020] Understandably, since the signal input terminal of control module 4 is connected to the signal output terminal of sensing module 3, control module 4 can obtain the temperature and / or stress of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 using sensing module 3. Furthermore, since the heat-absorbing end of heat exchange unit 2 is located on the outside of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the heat-releasing end of heat exchange unit 2 is located in the heat-absorbing area outside the gas storage chamber, the signal output terminal of control module 4 is connected to the signal input terminal of heat exchange unit 2. This allows control module 4 to control heat exchange unit 2 based on the temperature and / or stress of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, thereby using the phase change fluid within heat exchange unit 2 to transfer heat from high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 to the heat-absorbing area outside the gas storage chamber. Thus, without sacrificing heat exchange efficiency, a combination of active and passive heat exchange is achieved, thereby regulating the thermal stress of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1. This significantly reduces and homogenizes the thermal stress caused by uneven temperature distribution of the gas storage medium during operation, thereby greatly improving the fatigue life and operational reliability of the underground energy storage system and ensuring its safe and stable operation.

[0021] It should be noted that the gas storage chamber can be a cylindrical sealed structure. High-pressure thin-walled pipes are arranged inside the lining layer 100 of the gas storage chamber to form a high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1. The high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1 is used to carry the gas storage medium and ensure the sealing of the gas storage chamber.

[0022] The heat exchange unit 2 is used to transfer the heat of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 to the heat absorption area outside the gas storage chamber by using the introduced phase change fluid, thereby realizing the thermal stress adjustment of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 through heat exchange. The specific type of heat exchange unit 2 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0023] The sensing module 3 is used to detect the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1. The specific type of the sensing module 3 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the sensing module 3 can be a thermocouple, stress gauge, etc.

[0024] The control module 4 is used to control the heat exchange unit 2 according to the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1. For example, it adjusts the flow rate and temperature of the phase change fluid according to a preset stress control logic. The specific type of the control module 4 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the control module 4 may include a controller, a host computer, etc.

[0025] In some embodiments, the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 vary linearly or nonlinearly along the axial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, or the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 vary linearly or nonlinearly along the radial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0026] It is understandable that the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 vary linearly or nonlinearly along the axial or radial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, thereby forming a functional gradient structure, which facilitates the use of the functional gradient structure to achieve higher performance of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0027] For example, the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 can be elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, etc.

[0028] The preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 can vary linearly (continuously) or nonlinearly (discontinuously) along the axial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, without any restriction.

[0029] The preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 can vary linearly (continuously) along the radial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, or can vary nonlinearly (discontinuously) along the axial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, without any restriction.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 includes a support layer 11 and a heat exchange layer 12. The heat exchange layer 12 is disposed inside the lining layer 100, and the support layer 11 is disposed inside the heat exchange layer 12. The support layer 11 is used to support the gas storage medium. The elastic modulus of the support layer 11 is greater than the elastic modulus of the heat exchange layer 12 and is greater than a preset elastic modulus. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the support layer 11 is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the heat exchange layer 12 and is less than a preset coefficient of thermal expansion. The thermal conductivity of the heat exchange layer 12 is greater than the thermal conductivity of the support layer 11 and is greater than a preset thermal conductivity.

[0031] Understandably, because the elastic modulus of the support layer 11 is greater than that of the heat exchange layer 12 and is also greater than a preset elastic modulus, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support layer 11 is less than that of the heat exchange layer 12 and is also less than a preset coefficient of thermal expansion, the support layer 11 can resist the circumferential stress caused by internal pressure using its larger elastic modulus and smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, because the thermal conductivity of the heat exchange layer 12 is greater than that of the support layer 11 and is also greater than a preset thermal conductivity, the heat exchange layer 12 can enhance heat transfer using its larger thermal conductivity. Thus, by utilizing the larger elastic modulus and smaller coefficient of thermal expansion of the support layer 11 and the larger thermal conductivity of the heat exchange layer 12, a radial gradient change is formed in the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, achieving high heat transfer efficiency while ensuring high structural strength of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0032] It should be noted that the specific types of the support layer 11 and the heat exchange layer 12 can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on them. For example, the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 can be made of metal matrix composite material and formed by additive manufacturing technology. Specifically, the support layer 11 is a copper matrix composite material reinforced with silicon carbide particles, and the heat exchange layer 12 is pure copper.

[0033] Among them, the radial material composition gradient change of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 achieves a smooth transition of physical properties.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat exchange unit 2 includes a heat exchanger 21, a cooler 22, and a circulating pump 23. The heat exchanger 21 is located outside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the cooler 22 is located in the underground soil area outside the gas storage chamber. The phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger 21 is connected to the phase change fluid output end of the cooler 22, and the phase change fluid output end of the heat exchanger 21 is connected to the phase change fluid input end of the cooler 22. The circulating pump 23 is located between the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger 21 and the phase change fluid output end of the cooler 22, and the signal input end of the circulating pump 23 is connected to the signal output end of the control module 4.

[0035] Understandably, since the phase change fluid input end of heat exchanger 21 is connected to the phase change fluid output end of cooler 22, and the phase change fluid output end of heat exchanger 21 is connected to the phase change fluid input end of cooler 22, the phase change fluid can flow between heat exchanger 21 and cooler 22. Furthermore, since heat exchanger 21 is located outside high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and cooler 22 is located in the underground soil area outside the gas storage chamber, the phase change fluid can absorb heat from high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 through heat exchanger 21 and release heat to the underground soil area outside the gas storage chamber through cooler 22. At the same time, since circulating pump 23 is located between the phase change fluid input end of heat exchanger 21 and the phase change fluid output end of cooler 22, and the signal input end of circulating pump 23 is connected to the signal output end of control module 4, control module 4 can control circulating pump 23 and use the pressurized delivery of circulating pump 23 to realize the circulation of phase change fluid between heat exchanger 21 and cooler 22.

[0036] Thus, through the cooperation of heat exchanger 21, cooler 22 and circulating pump 23, active heat exchange between high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 and underground soil area is realized, thereby realizing the thermal stress adjustment of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and significantly reducing and homogenizing the thermal stress caused by uneven temperature distribution of gas storage medium during operation of high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0037] It should be noted that the heat exchanger 21 is used to transfer the heat of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 to the phase change fluid to achieve cooling of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1. The specific type of heat exchanger 21 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. Among them, the heat exchanger 21 adopts a distributed phase change heat exchanger 21, which is tightly bonded to the outer wall of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 by high-temperature brazing.

[0038] On the one hand, the phase change fluid itself has the effects of phase change heat absorption and confining pressure, which can passively offset the pressure increase inside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 due to the increase in gas storage. On the other hand, the control module 4 starts the circulation of the phase change fluid according to the temperature and / or stress detected by the sensing module 3, and locally heats or cools the target area to actively offset the excessive thermal stress in the area, thereby realizing the active adjustment of thermal stress.

[0039] The cooler 22 is used to transfer heat from the phase change fluid to the surrounding soil. The specific type of cooler 22 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. The cooler 22 can exchange heat between the phase change fluid and the surrounding soil through a curved pipe structure to reduce the temperature of the phase change fluid. In addition, the cooler 22 also includes a shell, pipes and other conventional heat exchanger 21 components.

[0040] The circulation pump 23 is used to circulate the phase change fluid under the control of the control module 4. The specific type of the circulation pump 23 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0041] The phase change fluid can be a refrigerant, liquid metal, etc., and preferably, R134a refrigerant is used as the circulating working fluid.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat exchange unit 2 further includes a control valve 24, which is disposed between the phase change fluid output end of the circulating pump 23 and the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger 21, and the signal input end of the control valve 24 is connected to the signal output end of the control module 4.

[0043] It is understandable that since the control valve 24 is located between the phase change fluid output end of the circulating pump 23 and the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger 21, and the signal input end of the control valve 24 is connected to the signal output end of the control module 4, the control module 4 can control the control valve 24 and use the on / off state of the control valve 24 to realize the circulation control of the phase change fluid and use the opening degree of the control valve 24 to realize the flow control of the phase change fluid.

[0044] It should be noted that the control valve 24 is used to control the opening and closing of the passage between the phase change fluid output end of the circulating pump 23 and the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger 21. The specific type of the control valve 24 can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on it.

[0045] The circulating pump 23 drives the phase change fluid circulation, and its frequency is controlled by feedback from the control module 4. The control valve 24 controls the valve opening of the fluid channel, and its opening is also controlled by feedback from the control module 4. The valve opening and the frequency of the circulating pump 23 together determine the circulation flow rate of the phase change fluid.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the heat exchanger 21 is provided with a plurality of serpentine microchannels 211, the phase change fluid input ends of the plurality of serpentine microchannels 211 are respectively connected to the phase change fluid output ends of the circulating pump 23, and the phase change fluid output ends of the plurality of serpentine microchannels 211 are respectively connected to the phase change fluid input ends of the cooler 22.

[0047] It is understandable that, since the phase change fluid input ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels 211 are respectively connected to the phase change fluid output ends of the circulating pump 23, and the phase change fluid output ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels 211 are respectively connected to the phase change fluid input ends of the cooler 22, the phase change fluid can fully contact the multiple serpentine microchannels 211 and the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0048] It should be noted that the heat exchanger 21 has heat exchange channels in the form of internally etched serpentine microchannels 211 that are closely fitted or embedded in the outer wall of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 or the tube sheet connection area. The specific type of serpentine microchannels 211 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0049] In some embodiments, the sensing module 3 includes a temperature detection unit, which is used to detect the temperature of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the signal output terminal of the temperature detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 4.

[0050] It is understandable that since the signal output terminal of the temperature detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 4, the control module 4 can obtain the temperature of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 using the temperature detection unit, thereby facilitating the control of the heat exchange unit 2 based on the temperature of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0051] In some embodiments, the sensing module 3 includes a stress detection unit, which is used to detect the stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the signal output terminal of the stress detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 4.

[0052] It is understandable that, since the signal output terminal of the stress detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 4, the control module 4 can use the stress detection unit to obtain the stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, thereby facilitating the control of the heat exchange unit 2 based on the stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1.

[0053] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the temperature detection unit includes: a plurality of first thermocouples 31, a plurality of second thermocouples 32, and an optical fiber 33. The plurality of first thermocouples 31 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the signal output ends of the plurality of first thermocouples 31 are respectively connected to the signal input ends of the control module 4. The plurality of second thermocouples 32 are evenly distributed in the lining layer 100, and the signal output ends of the plurality of second thermocouples 32 are respectively connected to the signal input ends of the control module 4. The optical fiber 33 is disposed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 and the inner side of the lining layer 100, and the signal output end of the optical fiber 33 is connected to the signal input end of the control module 4.

[0054] It is understandable that, since multiple first thermocouples 31 are evenly distributed inside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the signal output terminals of multiple first thermocouples 31 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4, the control module 4 can obtain the temperature distribution inside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 using multiple first thermocouples 31. Furthermore, since multiple second thermocouples 32 are evenly distributed inside the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of multiple second thermocouples 32 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4, the control module 4 can obtain the temperature distribution inside the lining layer 100 using multiple second thermocouples 32. At the same time, since the optical fiber 33 is disposed between the outside of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 and the inside of the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminal of the optical fiber 33 is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 4, the control module 4 can obtain the temperature distribution between the outside of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 and the inside of the lining layer 100 using the optical fiber 33. Thus, through the cooperation of multiple first thermocouples 31, multiple second thermocouples 32 and optical fiber 33, the control module 4 can control the heat exchange unit 2 according to the temperature distribution inside the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, the temperature distribution inside the lining layer 100, and the temperature distribution between the outside of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1 and the inside of the lining layer 100.

[0055] It should be noted that fiber optic cable 33 is used to monitor whether there is gas leakage in the interlayer causing abnormal temperature.

[0056] The specific types of the first thermocouple 31, the second thermocouple 32, and the optical fiber 33 can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on them.

[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the stress detection unit includes: a plurality of first strain gauges 34, a plurality of second strain gauges 35, and a plurality of rebar gauges (not shown in the figure). The plurality of first strain gauges 34 are evenly distributed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1 and the inner side of the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of first strain gauges 34 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4. The plurality of second strain gauges 35 are evenly distributed within the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of second strain gauges 35 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4. The plurality of rebar gauges are evenly distributed on the rebars within the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of the plurality of rebar gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4.

[0058] It is understandable that, since multiple first strain gauges 34 are evenly distributed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1 and the inner side of the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of multiple first strain gauges 34 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4, the control module 4 can use multiple first strain gauges 34 to obtain the stress distribution between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1 and the inner side of the lining layer 100. Furthermore, since multiple second strain gauges 35 are evenly distributed within the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of multiple second strain gauges 35 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4, the control module 4 can use multiple second strain gauges 35 to obtain the stress distribution inside the lining layer 100. At the same time, since multiple reinforcing bar gauges are evenly distributed on the reinforcing bars within the lining layer 100, and the signal output terminals of multiple reinforcing bar gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module 4, the control module 4 can use multiple reinforcing bar gauges to obtain the stress distribution of the reinforcing bars within the lining layer 100. Thus, through the cooperation of multiple first stress strain gauges 34, multiple second stress strain gauges 35 and multiple steel bar gauges, the control module 4 can control the heat exchange unit 2 according to the stress distribution between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled pipe 1 and the inner side of the lining layer 100, the stress distribution inside the lining layer 100 and the stress distribution of the steel bars inside the lining layer 100.

[0059] It should be noted that the lining layer 100 mainly uses concrete and steel bars, and the steel bar gauge is used to collect the stress of each steel bar in the concrete.

[0060] The specific types of the first stress-strain gauge 34, the second stress-strain gauge 35, and the rebar gauge can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on this. Among them, the first stress-strain gauge 34 and the second stress-strain gauge 35 can each be a strain gauge.

[0061] During operation, the phase change fluid passes through the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the sensing module 3 monitors the tube wall strain and temperature in real time. When the control module 4 calculates that the thermal stress at a certain point exceeds a preset threshold based on the strain data, it instructs the circulation pump 23 to start and adjusts the opening of the control valve 24, allowing the low-temperature liquid phase change fluid to flow through the serpentine microchannel 211 at that point. The serpentine microchannel 211 absorbs heat and vaporizes, locally cooling the tube wall and causing it to contract, thereby reducing tensile stress. The gaseous phase change fluid, after absorbing heat, releases heat to the environment (soil, air) and condenses as it flows through the cooler 22, completing the circulation.

[0062] This structure enables effective and proactive adjustment of the thermal stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, ensuring the long-term safe operation of the equipment.

[0063] The high-pressure thin-walled device of this embodiment has at least the following advantages: (1) Stress level is significantly reduced: Through material design and active control, the average stress and stress amplitude of thin-walled tubes are reduced, which can increase their fatigue life by several times. They are particularly suitable for energy storage systems that require frequent start-stop and load fluctuation.

[0064] (2) Synergistic improvement of heat exchange efficiency and safety: The high thermal conductivity of the outer wall of the functional graded material enhances heat exchange. The heat exchanger 21 achieves efficient heat transfer through phase change. While improving safety, it does not sacrifice but may even enhance heat exchange performance.

[0065] (3) Compact structure and long service life: The stress adjustment function is integrated into the heat exchange structure itself, eliminating the need for additional bulky equipment. The reduction in stress level directly translates into a multiple increase in fatigue life, making it particularly suitable for alternating load conditions.

[0066] In addition, the key points are: (1) Synergy between materials and active / passive control: Solve thermal stress problems in a synergistic manner from the two levels of material microstructure and system active / passive control.

[0067] (2) Application of functionally graded materials: Functionally graded materials are used in high-pressure thin-walled tube 1, and the performance gradient direction is precisely designed for its specific composite load.

[0068] (3) Dynamic control of local thermal stress: A closed-loop active control logic of “stress monitoring - feedback control - local temperature adjustment - stress relief” was proposed to realize the dynamic management of thermal stress.

[0069] In the description of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0070] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of preferred embodiments of this disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this disclosure pertain.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A high-pressure thin-walled underground energy storage device based on thermal stress regulation, characterized in that, include: High-pressure thin-walled tube, wherein the high-pressure thin-walled tube is disposed inside the lining layer of the gas storage chamber, and the inner side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube is used to support the gas storage medium. A heat exchange unit is introduced into the heat exchange unit, and the heat-absorbing end of the heat exchange unit is located on the outside of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, while the heat-releasing end of the heat exchange unit is located in the heat-absorbing area outside the gas storage chamber. The sensing module is used to detect the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube; The control module has its signal input terminal connected to the signal output terminal of the sensing module, and its signal output terminal connected to the signal input terminal of the heat exchange unit. The control module is used to control the heat exchange unit according to the temperature and / or stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube.

2. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube vary linearly or nonlinearly along the axial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, or the preset physical characteristics of the high-pressure thin-walled tube vary linearly or nonlinearly along the radial direction of the high-pressure thin-walled tube.

3. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-pressure thin-walled tube includes: A support layer and a heat exchange layer are provided, wherein the heat exchange layer is disposed inside the lining layer and the support layer is disposed inside the heat exchange layer, and the support layer is used to support the gas storage medium. Wherein, the elastic modulus of the support layer is greater than the elastic modulus of the heat exchange layer and is greater than a preset elastic modulus, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support layer is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the heat exchange layer and is less than a preset coefficient of thermal expansion, and the thermal conductivity of the heat exchange layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the support layer and is greater than a preset thermal conductivity.

4. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit includes: Heat exchangers, coolers, and circulating pumps; The heat exchanger is located outside the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the cooler is located in the underground soil area outside the gas storage chamber. The phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger is connected to the phase change fluid output end of the cooler, and the phase change fluid output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the phase change fluid input end of the cooler. The circulating pump is located between the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger and the phase change fluid output end of the cooler, and the signal input end of the circulating pump is connected to the signal output end of the control module.

5. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit also includes: A control valve is disposed between the phase change fluid output end of the circulating pump and the phase change fluid input end of the heat exchanger, and the signal input end of the control valve is connected to the signal output end of the control module.

6. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchanger is provided with multiple serpentine microchannels, the phase change fluid input ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels are respectively connected to the phase change fluid output ends of the circulating pump, and the phase change fluid output ends of the multiple serpentine microchannels are respectively connected to the phase change fluid input ends of the cooler.

7. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing module includes: A temperature detection unit is provided, which is used to detect the temperature of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the signal output terminal of the temperature detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module. A stress detection unit is provided, which is used to detect the stress of the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the signal output terminal of the stress detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module.

8. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature detection unit includes: Multiple first thermocouples are evenly distributed inside the high-pressure thin-walled tube, and the signal output terminals of the multiple first thermocouples are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the control module. Multiple second thermocouples are evenly distributed within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the multiple second thermocouples are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module. An optical fiber is disposed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube and the inner side of the lining layer, and the signal output end of the optical fiber is connected to the signal input end of the control module.

9. The underground energy storage high-pressure thin-walled device based on thermal stress regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stress detection unit includes: Multiple first stress strain gauges are evenly distributed between the outer side of the high-pressure thin-walled tube and the inner side of the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the multiple first stress strain gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module. Multiple second stress strain gauges are evenly distributed within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the multiple second stress strain gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module. Multiple rebar gauges are evenly distributed on the rebars within the lining layer, and the signal output terminals of the multiple rebar gauges are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control module.

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