An electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system, including main battery component, is equipped with main BMS management module and main communication interface;At least one slave battery component, each slave battery component is equipped with slave BMS management module and slave communication interface;Communication connection structure, for sequentially connecting the main communication interface with each slave communication interface and form RS-485 communication bus;Control circuit, set in the main battery component, for collecting the battery state information of each slave battery component, and control the discharge or charging state of each slave battery component.The utility model realizes multiple battery modules by the intelligent communication management of master-slave BMS, and cooperates discharge according to voltage order, sequential charging, fault automatic skipping and hot plug recognition, improves the stability, expansibility and user experience of electric skateboard battery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electric scooters, specifically to a parallel expansion management system for electric scooter batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of short-distance urban travel and the promotion of green travel concepts, electric scooters, due to their lightweight, compact size, and ease of operation, have gradually become an important tool for daily commuting and leisure. As one of the core components of an electric scooter, the performance of the battery system directly determines the vehicle's range and user experience.

[0003] Most existing electric scooters use a built-in single battery structure, which is usually fixed to the bottom of the scooter and managed by a single battery management system (BMS) for charging and discharging. However, this structure has many limitations. For example, to ensure range, a large-capacity battery must be used, which not only increases the overall weight of the scooter but also complicates replacement and maintenance. To achieve replaceable batteries and extended range, some products have begun to explore multi-battery parallel power supply methods, but the following technical problems still exist: The lack of a unified management strategy among multiple batteries often leads to problems such as disordered charging and discharging sequence, uneven voltage, and deterioration of battery performance. Some systems use a switching discharge method, which switches to another battery only when the current battery voltage drops to a set threshold. This can easily cause a power interruption during the switching process, resulting in jerking when riding the skateboard. Some structures may experience abnormal circuit interruptions or communication failures during battery module replacement or disassembly, affecting the overall vehicle's operational stability. Traditional systems lack a unified communication mechanism, making it impossible to achieve real-time status monitoring and automatic fault identification for each battery, resulting in low maintenance efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a parallel expansion management system for electric skateboard batteries, which enables intelligent collaborative management among multiple battery modules. By unifying communication control, optimizing charging and discharging sequences, supporting automatic skipping of faulty batteries, and identifying hot-swappable batteries, it enhances the flexibility, stability, and overall user experience of the battery system.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a parallel expansion management system for electric skateboard batteries, comprising: The main battery assembly is equipped with a main BMS management module and a main communication interface; At least one slave battery assembly, each slave battery assembly having a slave BMS management module and a slave communication interface; A communication connection structure is used to sequentially connect the main communication interface and each of the slave communication interfaces to form an RS-485 communication bus. A control circuit, located in the main battery assembly, is used to collect battery status information of each slave battery assembly and control the discharge or charging state of each slave battery assembly. An electrical connection structure includes parallel plug-in connectors disposed between the main battery assembly and each of the slave battery assemblies; A battery identification circuit that supports fault identification and skipping functions, as well as a module hot-swap identification structure; The main battery assembly forms a master-slave communication connection with each of the slave battery assemblies through the communication connection structure. The main BMS management module is set as the communication host, and each slave BMS management module is set as the communication slave. The control circuit obtains the voltage information of each battery component through the communication connection structure and controls the discharge to proceed in descending order of voltage. When the voltages of two batteries are the same, they are discharged in parallel, and so on, to achieve coordinated discharge of multiple batteries. The main battery assembly is equipped with physical sequence logic for determining the position of the modules, and controls the modules to enter the charging state sequentially from bottom to top according to a preset bottom-to-top order.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution, the communication connection structure includes a four-core flat ribbon cable and pluggable communication terminals, which are disposed on the side of the housing of the main battery assembly and each slave battery assembly.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the control circuit includes a control chip and a voltage comparison unit. The voltage comparison unit is connected to the main BMS management module and is used to sort the voltage information of each slave battery module and output corresponding control commands to the main battery output management unit.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the battery identification circuit includes an address identification module located inside the main battery assembly, used to identify the serial number information of the battery assembly for battery assembly sorting and control.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the module hot-swap identification structure includes a communication status detection unit and a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit. The communication status detection unit is used to monitor the timeout status of the response signal from the battery component, and the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit is used to detect whether the physical connection status is interrupted.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the electrical connection structure includes a male plug and a female socket mating structure disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of each battery assembly, for realizing parallel output of electrical energy.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the main battery module and the slave battery module are integrated and plugged in through an electrical connection structure and a communication connection structure, and the operating status of the entire battery system is uniformly controlled by the main BMS management module.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system provided by this utility model can realize intelligent collaborative management among multiple battery modules. Structurally, a master BMS management module and multiple slave BMS modules are connected via an RS-485 communication bus for master-slave communication. The master BMS acts as a communication host and can actively collect the operating status of each slave battery, such as voltage, temperature, and SOC. It can also automatically determine the discharge sequence based on the voltage level, realizing parallel discharge control from single cells to multiple cells. This avoids the jerky feeling when switching power supply in traditional batteries and improves the continuity and smoothness of the vehicle's operation.

[0013] The system adopts a charging management method initiated by the main BMS, which supports charging one by one according to the physical location sequence, ensuring a balanced and efficient charging process and improving charging safety. At the same time, the system has fault identification and battery skipping functions. When an abnormality is detected in a certain battery module, the module can be automatically skipped to avoid the failure of the entire system due to the failure of a single unit and improve the system's fault tolerance.

[0014] This invention also supports hot-swapping of battery modules, allowing users to flexibly add or remove battery components according to their needs. The system updates the module status in real time through an automatic address recognition and communication refresh mechanism, enabling uninterrupted plugging and unplugging, thus enhancing ease of use and system scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0018] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features for a similar purpose, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a parallel expansion management system for electric skateboard batteries, mainly including a main battery assembly, at least one slave battery assembly, a communication connection structure, an electrical connection structure, a control circuit, a battery identification circuit supporting fault identification and skipping functions, and a module hot-swappable identification structure. Its structural configuration and working principle are described below: The main battery pack is located at the bottom of the battery compartment of the electric skateboard, providing power to the entire vehicle and handling unified management of the other slave battery packs. This main battery pack houses the main BMS management module and the main communication interface. The main BMS management module uses the RS-485 communication protocol as its communication host, possessing centralized data acquisition, analysis, sorting, and control capabilities. The main communication interface is located on the side of the main battery pack's housing, interfacing with the communication connection structure to establish communication links with each slave battery pack.

[0020] At least one battery module is included, and multiple modules can be expanded according to user range requirements in practical applications. Each battery module contains a slave BMS management module and a slave communication interface. The slave BMS acts as a communication slave, establishing a communication connection with the master BMS via the RS-485 protocol and uploading its internal operating status information such as voltage, current, temperature, and SOC in real time. Each slave battery module is physically stacked on top of the master battery module, resulting in a compact and stable plug-in connection.

[0021] The communication connection structure is used to connect the main communication interface and multiple slave communication interfaces in sequence to form an RS-485 bus network. Structurally, a four-core flat ribbon cable with pluggable communication terminals is preferred. The communication terminals are located on the side of the housing of each battery component, so that the physical connection and data communication link between the battery components can be completed by plugging them in, which makes it easy for users to add or remove battery components.

[0022] The main battery assembly houses a control circuit, which consists of a control chip integrated into the main BMS and a voltage comparison unit. The control chip, acting as the core processing unit, receives operational status data from each slave battery BMS and sorts the data by voltage level using the voltage comparison unit. The sorting logic compares voltages from highest to lowest and controls the main battery output management unit to issue corresponding discharge control commands. When the voltage of a slave battery is higher than that of other modules, it is preferentially connected to the discharge circuit. When its voltage drops to match that of the second highest-voltage battery, the two batteries discharge synchronously in parallel. As the voltages of other batteries gradually approach each other, the control unit sequentially adds more batteries to the parallel discharge circuit, ultimately achieving multi-battery coordinated discharge. This ensures that the electric skateboard does not experience power interruptions due to battery switching during operation, preventing jerking during travel.

[0023] Meanwhile, in charging mode, the main BMS control chip has a pre-set logic for the physical installation order of modules, which generally activates the charging control of the slave batteries sequentially from bottom to top. When the main battery is fully charged, the control chip switches to the first slave battery for charging, and so on, ensuring the sequentiality and balance of the charging process and avoiding overcurrent or management chaos caused by charging multiple batteries in parallel.

[0024] To ensure system security and scalability, the main battery module is equipped with a battery identification circuit, which includes an address identification module. This module can automatically scan and identify the unique address or number of each slave battery each time the system is powered on or a connection change is detected, thereby constructing an effective battery module sorting list for the main control circuit to use for logic control.

[0025] The system also features a module hot-swap identification structure to support hot-swap operations of the user's battery while the skateboard is powered on.

[0026] The structure consists of a communication status detection unit and a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit. The communication status detection unit determines whether a module is disconnected or malfunctioning by monitoring whether the communication response signal from the BMS times out. The plug-in / plug-out detection circuit senses the physical connection status of the module in real time by detecting whether the electrical connection structure remains closed. Once an insertion or removal operation occurs, the system will automatically refresh the connection topology and re-allocate addresses and reconfigure the discharge logic, thereby achieving hot-swappable adaptation of the battery system and ensuring stable operation of the overall system during module addition or removal.

[0027] In terms of electrical connection structure, in order to realize the parallel output of energy between the batteries, the top and bottom surfaces of the main battery assembly and each slave battery assembly are respectively provided with male plug and female socket structures. When a user inserts the battery packs vertically into the stack, the male connector engages with the female connector of the battery pack below to establish a parallel power connection. This connection method ensures the reliability of the modular assembly while also facilitating overall wiring and maintenance.

[0028] Throughout the system's operation, the main battery module, through its main BMS management module, centrally receives, monitors, and controls all connected slave battery modules, achieving centralized distributed management. Whether the skateboard is in motion or charging, the system can dynamically assess the status of each battery module and respond quickly, ensuring the continuity of the skateboard's power output and system safety.

[0029] The circuit structure of this control system can be found in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the main BMS serves as the core control module and is connected to multiple slave BMS modules via an RS-485 bus. Each BMS module is electrically connected to its corresponding battery module. At the same time, the main BMS is interconnected with modules such as control circuits, identification circuits, and plug-in / plug-out detection structures to form a complete battery management system.

[0030] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A parallel expansion management system for electric skateboard batteries, characterized in that, include: The main battery assembly is equipped with a main BMS management module and a main communication interface; At least one slave battery assembly, each slave battery assembly having a slave BMS management module and a slave communication interface; A communication connection structure is used to sequentially connect the main communication interface and each of the slave communication interfaces to form an RS-485 communication bus. A control circuit, located in the main battery assembly, is used to collect battery status information of each slave battery assembly and control the discharge or charging state of each slave battery assembly. An electrical connection structure includes parallel plug-in connectors disposed between the main battery assembly and each of the slave battery assemblies; A battery identification circuit that supports fault identification and skipping functions, as well as a module hot-swap identification structure; The main battery assembly forms a master-slave communication connection with each of the slave battery assemblies through the communication connection structure. The main BMS management module is set as the communication host, and each slave BMS management module is set as the communication slave. The control circuit obtains the voltage information of each battery component through the communication connection structure and controls the discharge to proceed in descending order of voltage. When the voltages of two batteries are the same, they are discharged in parallel, and so on, to achieve coordinated discharge of multiple batteries. The main battery assembly is equipped with physical sequence logic for determining the position of the modules, and controls the modules to enter the charging state sequentially from bottom to top according to a preset bottom-to-top order.

2. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication connection structure includes a four-core flat ribbon cable and pluggable communication terminals, which are located on the side of the housing of the main battery assembly and each slave battery assembly.

3. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control circuit includes a control chip and a voltage comparison unit. The voltage comparison unit is connected to the main BMS management module and is used to sort the voltage information of each slave battery module and output the corresponding control commands to the main battery output management unit.

4. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery identification circuit includes an address identification module located inside the main battery assembly, used to identify the serial number information of the battery assembly for battery assembly sorting and control.

5. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The module hot-swap identification structure includes a communication status detection unit and a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit. The communication status detection unit is used to monitor the timeout status of the response signal from the battery component, and the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit is used to detect whether the physical connection status is interrupted.

6. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical connection structure includes a male plug and a female socket mating structure disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of each battery assembly, for realizing parallel output of electrical energy.

7. The electric skateboard battery parallel expansion management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main battery module and the slave battery module are integrated and plugged in through electrical and communication connection structures, and the operating status of the entire battery system is uniformly controlled by the main BMS management module.

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