locking system for a vehicle

Abstract

Locking system for a vehicle (1) with - a first transmission device (2) integrated into the vehicle (1) on the driver's side for generating a first electromagnetic field (20) for determining an access authorization, - a second transmission device (3) integrated into the vehicle (1) on the passenger side for generating a second electromagnetic field (30) for determining the access authorization, - wherein the first electromagnetic field (20) is generated by the first transmission device (2) with a first predetermined electric current (I1), - wherein the second electromagnetic field (30) is generated by the second transmission device (3) with a second predetermined electric current (I2) different from the first, - wherein the locking system has an access element external to the vehicle for detecting the electromagnetic fields (20, 30) generated by the transmission devices (2, 3), characterized by - that a field strength is determined in the access element or a corresponding detection signal is compared with a threshold value in order to determine on which side of the vehicle the access element is arranged.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a locking system and components of a locking system for a vehicle. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for determining access authorization to a vehicle, as well as a method for opening a vehicle and a method for locking a vehicle.

[0002] US Pat. No. 6,538,560 B1 discloses a keyless entry system with a transceiver in the vehicle and a mobile transponder. It also shows a vehicle with multiple LF transmitters arranged on different sides of the vehicle, each transmitting LF signals.

[0003] DE 601 07 512 T2 describes a security system with multiple signal transmitters at various locations in a vehicle, each of which emits a query signal. If this query signal is correctly responded to, the doors are unlocked.

[0004] DE 101 06 400 B4 discloses an access control system with motion sensors. An actuating element is only activated when the motion sensors detect a specific movement pattern of a person carrying a transponder.

[0005] DE 199 57 549 A1 describes an anti-theft system for a motor vehicle that transmits radar signals and waits for echo signals. A code transmitter that receives a radar signal modulates the signal and transmits it back. An evaluation unit analyzes the received echo signals for authorization and the position of the transmitter.

[0006] DE 101 09 128 C1 describes an actuating device for a locking mechanism with a transmitting and receiving device for contactless transmittable signals and a passive transponder corresponding to this device in a query dialogue.

[0007] DE 198 51 177 A1 discloses an access authorization system for a motor vehicle with a control unit located in the motor vehicle and a portable transponder, which initiate and check the authorization to release access in a wireless communication question-answer dialogue.

[0008] US 2004 / 0 104 815 A1 describes a lighting control system for a vehicle. The control system comprises a portable device with a communication function. A lighting device of the vehicle is controlled differently depending on communication with the portable device.

[0009] DE 103 41 691 A1 describes a portable electronic key of a motor vehicle locking system, with a transmitting and receiving device (2) for transmitting data from and to a vehicle-side part of the motor vehicle locking system.

[0010] EP 1 479 575 A1 describes an activation of an electronic circuit in a motor vehicle, wherein an area of the vehicle's surroundings is monitored and an activation signal is generated when a person or an object enters the monitored area.

[0011] DE 102 21 511 A1 describes a keyless security device for motor vehicles which has two or more sensors which initiate different operating functions depending on the time pattern of their exposure.

[0012] DE 102 02 330 A1 describes a locking system for a motor vehicle in which an ID transmitter detects the field strength of an electromagnetic signal in order to determine the location of the ID transmitter relative to the device generating the electromagnetic signal. Multiple transmitters can be provided to determine the location of the ID transmitter in a manner similar to an intersection point determination.

[0013] US Patent No. 6,218,932 B1 describes a device for vehicle theft protection. Different antennas can be supplied with a predetermined current. The field strength is measured at a transponder and transmitted to the vehicle.

[0014] With so-called keyless entry systems, access authorization to a motor vehicle is determined without inserting a key into the vehicle lock. Instead, a capacitive sensor, for example, can detect a driver's operation of a door handle and send a corresponding activation signal to a control unit. This control unit activates two antennas so that the antennas generate a low-frequency electromagnetic signal, for example in the frequency range of 100 kHz. The antennas are usually located near the vehicle doors, and the generated electromagnetic field can be used at a distance of approximately 1.5 to 2 m from the vehicle. The electromagnetic field activates a so-called ID transmitter, which functions like a vehicle key and grants authorization to access the vehicle.

[0015] The fundamental aim of such a keyless entry system is to prevent an unauthorized person from opening the vehicle when an authorized person carrying the ID transmitter is nearby. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether the door handle is being opened on the same side of the vehicle as the ID transmitter. For this reason, a corresponding LF (low frequency) antenna is installed on both the driver and passenger sides. Ideally, the alternating LF field is only emitted on the side on which the door handle was operated.

[0016] Due to the physical properties of the body, the alternating LF field can also be directed into undesired areas, particularly to the opposite driver's side. An antenna located near the tailgate can also radiate to the driver and passenger sides. For example, it is possible that an ID transmitter located near the A-pillar on the passenger side could be addressed by the field of the antenna on the driver's side, as the field from the bodywork unfavorably radiates this area.

[0017] Another disadvantage of conventional keyless entry systems is that, as described in the example above, the antennas are activated by pulling a door handle. The problem with the keyless entry system is that even a very quick pull on the door handle often doesn't unlock the vehicle. This process is often referred to as "snagging."

[0018] Furthermore, installing a capacitive sensor to detect door handle operation is associated with the disadvantage of high costs. It is also disadvantageous if the tailgate can only be locked or unlocked using a dedicated button mounted at the rear of the vehicle. Furthermore, it would be desirable for a vehicle with a keyless entry system to be easier to lock than is currently the case.

[0019] In addition to the locking system presented above, there are other ways to open a vehicle without inserting a key into the vehicle's lock. For example, a remote key can be used to send a radio signal to a vehicle locking device, which unlocks or locks the vehicle.

[0020] Preferably, the remote key also has a display device so that the driver can see, for example, whether the vehicle has been locked or not as a result of their input. However, conventional remote keys with a display device are larger and more cumbersome. This makes it difficult, for example, to store the remote key in a driver's clothing pocket.

[0021] However, if a remote key doesn't have such a display, or if the vehicle lock is operated via an ID transmitter, the problem arises that the user receives no feedback when opening or locking a vehicle. Unlike vehicle locks that are operated via an inserted vehicle key, the user doesn't feel the counterpressure of the locking mechanism to indicate whether or not they have locked the door. Therefore, in many cases, after locking a vehicle door with a keyless entry system, the user pulls the door handle again to check whether the door is actually locked.

[0022] The object of the present invention is to determine the position of an access element relative to a vehicle as accurately as possible.

[0023] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a locking system for a vehicle according to claim 1 and a method for determining an access authorization to a vehicle according to claim 8.

[0024] This is based on the realization that the high costs of door handles with sensor electronics for a keyless entry system are due to the limited installation space in the door handle area. Therefore, it is very advantageous to mount an environment detection device on an exposed vehicle component, such as an exterior mirror, a trim strip, and / or behind the windshield and / or in the edge area of the windshield and / or on a rear window wiper, or in the rear area of a vehicle. Implementing the environment detection device in a reflector or in the bumper is therefore recommended.

[0025] The vehicle components proposed for mounting the environment detection system can be easily retrofitted or can even serve as sensor components themselves. For example, if an environment detection system is damaged, a new one can be installed quickly and cost-effectively on the vehicle, as the time-consuming removal of the damaged system and the equally time-consuming installation of a new sensor system are not required. Powering an environment detection system is also easy if the system is mounted on an exterior mirror, a trim strip, a rear window wiper, or in the rear area, as suitable cables are easily accessible in all of the above areas. The door handles and door locks can also be used with the current vehicle series.This saves the cost of developing a new type of door handle or door lock, allowing a user to purchase a keyless entry system more cheaply.

[0026] Likewise, a method for opening a vehicle is described, which comprises detecting a movement of a person or an object before the person or object touches the vehicle, detecting an access authorization triggered by the detected movement and issuing a control command to a locking system depending on the detected movement and the detected access authorization.

[0027] The locking system can be activated via the sensor signal from the environment detection device. Detection of a person approaching the vehicle then triggers communication between the keyless entry system and the ID transmitter, for example, via radio. This allows the identification procedure to be started sooner. The problem of "catching" when opening a vehicle door, as mentioned above, can thus be solved using an environment detection device and the method presented above. This makes it easy to avoid excessive force being exerted on the door handle by the person, and the associated risk of damaging the door handle.

[0028] The locking system can be designed so that the object or its movement can be detected via an electromagnetic / optical signal (infrared) and / or an ultrasonic signal. For example, the object detected by the environment detection device is an ID transmitter component. Or the environment detection device is designed to detect a person approaching the vehicle. Another alternative is for the environment detection device to detect a specific movement, such as a hand movement, in a defined area of the vehicle's surroundings and then output a signal to control the release of a vehicle interior. All of the sensor types listed here can be easily attached to an exterior mirror, a trim strip, or a rear window wiper, as mentioned above, without entailing unnecessarily high costs for the driver.

[0029] Alternatively or in addition, the environment detection device can include a touch sensor. The touch sensor can be a switch or a button. This type of sensor can also be easily attached to one of the vehicle components listed above. In this case, the user enters their input by touching a surface of the touch sensor.

[0030] A locking system according to the invention for a vehicle with a first transmission device that can be integrated into the vehicle for generating a first electromagnetic field for determining an access authorization and a second transmission device that can be integrated into the vehicle for generating a second electromagnetic field for determining the access authorization is disclosed, wherein the first transmission device can generate the first electromagnetic field with a first predetermined electrical current and the second transmission device can generate the second electromagnetic field with a second predetermined electrical current that differs from the first.

[0031] Furthermore, the invention provides a method for determining access authorization to a vehicle by generating a first electromagnetic field and generating a second electromagnetic field, wherein the first electromagnetic field is generated with a first predetermined electric current and the second electromagnetic field is generated with a second predetermined electric current different from the first.

[0032] Advantageously, a detector for detecting electromagnetic fields or a receiver for detecting electromagnetic signals is capable of determining its own position relative to the vehicle and transmitting it to a vehicle control unit. In an alternative embodiment, in which a receiver or detector reacts directly to the emitted signals or the generated alternating field, the vehicle control unit is capable of determining the position of the transmitter or detector.

[0033] Preferably, the current strength of the first current is higher than that of the second current. This results in different field strengths for the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field, allowing the receiver or ID transmitter to be clearly determined on which side of the vehicle.

[0034] However, the first current can also have a different frequency than the second current. This also allows the receiver or ID transmitter to identify which transmission device the signal or field originates from.

[0035] Another variation is that the first current has a different phase relative to a reference signal than the second current. This is equivalent to the first current being offset in time from a reference pulse differently than the second current. In the broadest sense, this also corresponds to driving the transmission device with different currents, which allows for unambiguous localization relative to the transmission devices.

[0036] The locking system according to the invention can have an external access element, in particular an ID transmitter of a keyless entry system, for detecting the electromagnetic fields generated by the transmission devices, wherein a field strength can be determined in the access element or a corresponding detection signal can be compared with a threshold value. The field strength is used as a relative measure to determine the distance to the transmission devices. The field strength measure can be transmitted to the vehicle's internal control unit for further evaluation or evaluated in the access element itself. According to the simpler variant, a field strength measure is not obtained directly, but rather merely a threshold value or magnitude comparison of the detection signals is performed.

[0037] Furthermore, the locking system can have at least one third transmission device for generating a third electromagnetic field for determining access authorization. Specifically, this can additionally determine, for example, whether the ID transmitter is in the area of the tailgate if the third transmission device is located on or in the tailgate.

[0038] In particular, a locking system according to the invention with two transmission devices for generating electric fields with a first and a second current can have an environment detection device. In this way, the ID transmitter can be precisely located, whereby an earlier start of the identification process prevents an authorized person from operating a door handle before the ID transmitter has been located.

[0039] As already indicated, each of the locking systems presented here can be installed in or on a vehicle. In a locking system with two transmission devices, the first transmission device can be located in a driver's door and the second transmission device in a passenger door or in the respective area of these doors. This at least ensures that the position of the ID transmitter can be determined with respect to the side of the vehicle. This could also enable side-selective opening of the vehicle depending on the position of the ID transmitter.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the first electromagnetic field is generated for a first time interval, and at least the second electromagnetic field is generated for a second time interval following the first. This allows the receiver or ID transmitter to respond first to the first and then to the second electromagnetic field. The vehicle's internal control device then has the ability to interpret this temporal response behavior accordingly.

[0041] Also presented is a vehicle with a locking system comprising a lock installation space and / or a lock cover and an environment detection device for detecting an object and / or an object movement in at least one partial environment of the vehicle and for providing a corresponding sensor signal, wherein access to an interior of the vehicle can be released depending on the sensor signal, and wherein the environment detection device is arranged in the lock cover and / or in the lock installation space.

[0042] In a vehicle with a locking system described here, access authorization to the vehicle interior is not determined by inserting a key into a lock. The lock cover and lock installation space are therefore no longer used to attach or protect a lock and can therefore be used for an environment detection device. The lock cover and lock installation space offer a cost-effective way to attach an environment detection device to a vehicle.

[0043] For example, the environment detection device can comprise a touch sensor. In this case, the touch sensor preferably has an unlocking button and / or a locking button for manually actuating at least one locking device of the vehicle. The buttons can be mounted in the area of the lock cover so that the driver can easily actuate them with their thumb while holding a door handle near the actuated locking device.

[0044] A vehicle is also described comprising a completely enclosed cavity, wherein a cover component closes off the cavity from a partial environment of the vehicle, and a locking system with an environment detection device for detecting an object and / or an object movement at least in the partial environment of the vehicle via a detection signal emitted and / or detected by the environment detection device and for providing a corresponding sensor signal, wherein access to an interior of the vehicle can be released depending on the sensor signal, and wherein the cover component can be penetrated by the detection signal of the environment detection device and the environment detection device is arranged within the cavity.

[0045] In particular, the cavity can be installed within a vehicle door, a tailgate, and / or a vehicle pillar. This can be achieved by constructing at least part of a vehicle door and / or a tailgate from plastic or another material that is "transparent" to the environment detection device. In this case, the environment detection device is implemented, for example, behind an outer shell of the vehicle. For a suitable environment detection device, the door panel or the tailgate panel can also be part of the cover component. It is also possible to fill recesses with plastic or to manufacture B-pillar panels, door panels, and the trunk lid from plastic and to install an environment detection device behind them. Another option for attaching an environment detection device for operating a vehicle lock, for example on the trunk lid, is a bumper.Vehicle lighting components can also incorporate a corresponding environment detection device behind their glass cover. This allows, for example, a reflector to incorporate an environment detection device whose sensor signal is used to lock or unlock the trunk lid lock. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for buttons on the rear of the vehicle to open or close the trunk lid lock.

[0046] Also presented is a vehicle with a locking system comprising an environment detection device for detecting an object and / or an object movement in at least one partial environment of the vehicle and for providing a corresponding sensor signal, wherein access to an interior of the vehicle can be released depending on the sensor signal, and wherein an acoustic signal can be activated depending on the sensor signal.

[0047] In this way, a user receives, for example, acoustic feedback that their presence in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle has been detected by the environment detection system. If the acoustic feedback is absent, the user can determine that the environment detection system of their vehicle's locking system is no longer functional.

[0048] Preferably, a first acoustic signal can be activated when an object with an ID transmitter is detected, and a second acoustic signal when an object without the ID transmitter is detected. In particular, in the event of an invalid approach, the vehicle can use acoustic signals to report the unauthorized approach attempt. This can serve to deter attempted break-ins or as a security measure against play on the vehicle. If a convenience locking function is validly triggered, in particular via the keyless control point or the radio remote control, an acoustic signal is emitted by the vehicle while the convenience locking function is being executed. This can, for example, be a beep or buzz at one-second intervals. Ideally, a sound output device for the acoustic signal is located directly on or near the operated door handle or button. In addition to the acoustic signal, an optical signal can also be activated.

[0049] Furthermore, a vehicle can also be equipped with a locking system according to the invention, which has both an acoustic feedback described in the above sections and another of the advantages mentioned above.

[0050] Furthermore, a vehicle light component with a pressure sensor device for detecting pressure exerted on the vehicle light component and for providing a corresponding control signal is presented, wherein access to an interior of the vehicle can be released depending on the control signal.

[0051] The vehicle lighting component can, for example, be a reflector that a user presses to close or unlock the trunk lid. This makes it possible to dispense with the need for buttons, which are traditionally used to input an opening or closing command to the trunk lid locking device.

[0052] A vehicle door is also presented with a display device for displaying first information about a first vehicle device, wherein the display device is arranged in a door sill of the vehicle door, and wherein second information about a second vehicle device can be displayed via the display device.

[0053] This allows the driver to be easily informed about the vehicle status during an operation to lock or unlock the vehicle. This allows the driver to learn, for example, whether the vehicle is locked as desired or not. It is particularly advantageous if the display device is mounted on the driver's door. The LED currently used for status indication can be integrated into the display device described here.

[0054] The first vehicle device or the second vehicle device can be a vehicle window, a sunroof, a trunk lid, a fuel tank, or an ID transmitter. The information transmitted to the driver concerns, for example, a window left open or an ID transmitter left in the vehicle. This can prevent possible theft of the vehicle.

[0055] The display device can inform a user about the vehicle status via at least one symbol and / or at least one alphanumeric character. This is possible, for example, if the display device includes a display.

[0056] An actuating device for opening and / or closing a vehicle interior is also described, comprising a luminous component for illuminating at least part of the actuating device, wherein information about a state and / or operation of a vehicle component can be displayed via the luminous component.

[0057] In this way, a driver can, for example, be informed whether a vehicle door has been locked in response to their input. Given the current state of the art, this is not always reliably possible. For example, a driver on a busy road can easily miss the sound of a lock due to traffic noise. In daylight, drivers often do not notice the blinking of indicators because the distance between the driver and the indicators is too great. However, because their hand is in close contact with parts of the associated operating device when opening or closing a vehicle interior, the driver can still perceive a light or flashing signal from an operating device even in strong sunlight.

[0058] The vehicle component via which information can be displayed can be a locking device of the vehicle interior. The actuating device can comprise a door handle, a button, a sensor, a locking surface, and / or an unlocking surface. A vehicle-specific message is then transmitted to the driver, for example, via door handle interior surface lighting and / or handle recess lighting. The detection of an object and / or object movement by an environment detection device can also be communicated to the driver in this way. Different signals can be provided for a valid approach, if the ID transmitter has been identified on an object in the corresponding detection range, and for an invalid approach, using different colors and / or flashing frequencies of the lights.

[0059] A rear light device or a license plate lighting device for a vehicle is described, wherein information about the release of an interior of the vehicle can be displayed via a rear light or a license plate lighting.

[0060] A rear light device or a license plate light device is particularly well suited to informing a user about the status or operation of the trunk lid lock. Due to the fact that the driver is usually standing at the rear of the vehicle when opening or closing the trunk lid, they can easily see a light or flashing signal from a rear light or license plate light. The emblem attached to the rear of the vehicle or a recessed handle for opening the tailgate can also have a corresponding lighting device. These can be activated when an object and / or object movement is detected by an environment detection device. If a user with an ID transmitter is detected, a different light signal can be activated than if a person without an ID transmitter is detected.

[0061] Also presented is a vehicle radio key for opening and / or closing an interior of a vehicle, comprising a button for manual operation by a user and an electrical display device for displaying status information, wherein the electrical display device is integrated into the button.

[0062] By integrating the display device into the button, one surface of the remote key can be used for both the button and the display device. The button thus performs a dual function, enabling intuitive operation and saving space on the remote key. This allows for a smaller overall surface area of the remote key while simultaneously accommodating at least one button and at least one display device.

[0063] The indicator device can be a display. It is also possible for the indicator device to have a light-emitting element, such as an LED. The indicator device can be activated via a control signal and is therefore different from a label on a button.

[0064] Another method is a method for locking a vehicle by determining an access authorization, detecting a movement of a person and issuing a locking control command depending on the detected movement of the person and the determined access authorization.

[0065] This allows the vehicle to be locked without the driver having to operate any of the door handles. Furthermore, this method eliminates the cost of complex electronics for detecting an authorized person's attempt to lock the vehicle using a door handle.

[0066] Preferably, the method for locking a vehicle can include a method for determining access authorization as presented above. This ensures that the vehicle can only be locked by a person with the access authorization. At the same time, it can prevent a person from "locking themselves out," since the vehicle can only be locked when the ID transmitter is outside the vehicle.

[0067] The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which: Fig. 1 a sketch of the propagation of electromagnetic fields of a locking device according to the invention; Fig. 2 a flowchart for determining access authorization; Fig. 3 a sketch for attaching a locking device according to the invention; Fig. 4 a radio key; and Fig. 5 a display in a vehicle door sill.

[0068] The exemplary embodiments described in more detail below represent preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] In Fig. 1 schematically shows a vehicle 1 with a keyless entry system. Located in the driver's door is an antenna 2, not visible per se, which is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal or an electromagnetic field for the keyless entry system. Fig. 1, the antenna 2 is symbolically indicated by an arc. The antenna is driven, for example, by an alternating current of frequency 125 kHz with a predetermined first current intensity. This generates an alternating electromagnetic field, which, for example, can be seen in the Fig. 1 indicated area 20 can be used for the keyless entry system.

[0070] There is also an antenna 3 in the passenger door, but it is driven with a slightly lower, second current strength, so that the electromagnetic field that can be used with it has a slightly smaller propagation area 30 around the antenna 3 compared to the propagation area 20 around the antenna 2.

[0071] In Fig. This is indicated in Figure 1 by the fact that the scanning or propagation area 20 around antenna 2 in the driver's door is significantly larger than the area 30 around antenna 3 in the passenger door. In particular, the scanning area 20 also covers the interior of the vehicle in the area of the driver and passenger and extends to the A-pillar on the passenger side. In this area of the A-pillar on the passenger side, the scanning areas 20 and 30 overlap in an overlap area 23. This overlap area 23 is assigned, for example, to the scanning area 30 on the passenger side during the evaluation.

[0072] In this example, we decided not to extend the keyless entry system to the tailgate area. However, this is certainly possible. The analysis would then be designed accordingly.

[0073] The functionality of the keyless entry system according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an example. If an authorized person with an ID transmitter is located near the A-pillar on the passenger side, this ID transmitter (also referred to here as the access element) is activated by both the field around antenna 3 on the passenger side and the field around antenna 2 on the driver side. Therefore, the system cannot initially distinguish on which side of the vehicle the ID transmitter is located.

[0074] Now, antenna 3 in the passenger side door handle is driven with a second current, which is lower than the first current used to drive antenna 2 on the driver side. Therefore, the field of the passenger side antenna, as shown in the example of Fig. 1 only reaches the A-pillar on the passenger side, but not the driver's side. This indicates that the ID transmitter is located on the passenger side. In this case, it is controlled by both antenna 2 on the driver's side and the less powerful antenna 3 on the passenger side. On the driver's side, it would only be detected by the field of antenna 2. Depending on whether it is controlled by one or more fields, the ID transmitter responds with a corresponding signal to the vehicle's control electronics, allowing the central locking system to be triggered as desired, specifically for the position of the ID transmitter.

[0075] The process of determining access authorization using the above-mentioned system is described in detail below using Fig. 2. Accordingly, according to step S1, a scan is first carried out on the driver's door with a first current I1 in the area 20 (cf. Fig. 1). A query is then made in step S2 to determine whether an ID transmitter has been found. If no ID transmitter is found in area 20, the central locking system does not respond in step S3.

[0076] If, however, an ID transmitter was detected in area 20, a scan of the passenger door with a second current I2 in area 30 is performed for more precise positioning according to step S4. Subsequently, according to step S5, a query is made as to whether the ID transmitter was also detected in area 30. If it was not detected there, it is located on the driver's side according to determination S6. If the ID transmitter was also detected with the second scan, it is clearly determined that it is located on the passenger side according to step S7.

[0077] If an additional scan is planned, for example, on the tailgate, this can be performed after step S5, followed by a corresponding evaluation. Further scans can be performed accordingly.

[0078] In this example, the scans to activate ID transmitters located in the respective scanning range were performed with different currents I1 and I2. This primarily means that different current intensities are used. However, the scans can also be performed with different frequencies or phases. In this case, the ID transmitter or "key" registers the frequency or phase of the electromagnetic signal, which allows it to clearly determine whether the signal or field originates from the driver's door, the passenger door, or the tailgate. The ID transmitter can then send a corresponding signal to the vehicle's control unit.

[0079] An ID transmitter typically measures the field strengths of electromagnetic signals. One or more threshold values can be predefined in the ID transmitter for evaluation. Alternatively, a threshold value can be set dynamically after an initial scan, once the field strength of that initial scan has been determined. This improves the spatial resolution in certain areas around the vehicle.

[0080] Multiple ID transmitters can be provided for a vehicle; these can be activated with different field strengths emitted by the antennas or transmission devices, if necessary. This can also be combined with the inventive principle of generating fields with different currents in the area of the vehicle locks, using suitable logical analysis.

[0081] The vehicle 4 in Fig. 3 shows another locking system according to the invention. This locking system comprises two environment detection sensors 5 and 6, as well as four touch sensors 7 to 10.

[0082] Each of the two surroundings detection sensors 5 and 6 is attached to one of the two exterior mirrors 11 and 12. Surroundings detection sensor 5 is located on exterior mirror 11 on the driver's side, and surroundings detection sensor 6 is located on exterior mirror 12 on the passenger side. The four touch sensors 7 to 10 are each attached to a door handle of the four doors of vehicle 4.

[0083] The environment detection sensor 5 consists of a first transmission device, a first proximity sensor, and a motion sensor. The first transmission device compensates for the functionality of the first transmission device 2. Fig. 1. The first transmission device of the environment detection sensor 5 generates an electromagnetic field, which extends with the first electromagnetic field 20 from Fig. 1. If an ID transmitter belonging to the locking system is located within the electromagnetic field of the first transmission device, it is stimulated to emit a signal. This signal can be used to detect the ID transmitter.

[0084] The first proximity sensor is, for example, an ultrasonic sensor and can detect a person approaching the driver's side of the vehicle 4. If a person is within the detection range 50a of the first proximity sensor, the first proximity sensor outputs a corresponding start signal. The motion sensor, in this example, is an infrared sensor. It serves to detect the movement of a person within the detection range 50b near the exterior mirror 11. Depending on the detected movement, the motion sensor provides a closing command signal.

[0085] The environment detection sensor 6 has a second transmission device and a second proximity sensor. The second transmission device of the environment detection sensor 6 corresponds to the second transmission device 3 of the vehicle 1 from Fig. 1. For the sake of clarity, the electromagnetic field of the second transmission device of the environment detection sensor 6 is Fig. 1 not shown. Together with the first transmission device, the position of the ID transmitter can be determined via the second transmission device, as shown in the examples from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 was described.

[0086] The second proximity sensor is similar to the first proximity sensor of the environment detection sensor 5 and is capable of detecting the approach of a person to one of the two vehicle doors on the passenger side of the vehicle 4 using an ultrasonic signal. If a person is within the detection range 60 of the second proximity sensor of the environment detection sensor 6, the second proximity sensor also emits the start signal.

[0087] The coordinated functioning of the environment detection sensors 5 and 6 and the touch sensors 7 to 10 is described below.

[0088] If the approach of a person to one of the four vehicle doors of the vehicle 4 is detected by the first or second proximity sensor of the two environment detection sensors 5 and 6, the first and second transmission devices are activated via the emitted start signal. In contrast to the first and second proximity sensors, which are continuously activated when the vehicle 4 is locked, the first and second transmission devices are in their inactive phase without the provision of the start signal. Since the first and second transmission devices require more energy to generate the electromagnetic fields than the first and second proximity sensors to generate their ultrasonic signals, energy can be saved in this way.

[0089] With the issuance of the start signal, the procedure for determining access authorization is carried out as described in Fig. 2. Therefore, a further description of the process is omitted here.

[0090] The detection areas 50a and 60 are selected such that a person approaching the vehicle 4 is detected by the first or second proximity sensor before touching one of the vehicle doors of the vehicle 4. This ensures that the process for determining access authorization has already started before the person touches one of the touch sensors 7 to 10 on the vehicle doors.

[0091] If access authorization for a person is determined using the method according to the invention, the locking system sends an activation signal to touch sensors 7 and 9, or 8 and 10, on whose vehicle side an ID transmitter belonging to the locking system is detected. If the ID transmitter is located, for example, on the driver's side, touch sensors 7 and 9 are activated. If, however, the ID transmitter is detected on the passenger side, the activation command is sent to touch sensors 8 and 10. The activation of touch sensors 7 and 9, or 8 and 10, only occurs as long as the ID transmitter is still detected by at least one of the two transmission devices. If the person with the ID transmitter moves away from the electromagnetic fields of the first and second transmission devices, the activated touch sensors 7 and 9 or 8 and 10 are immediately deactivated again.

[0092] If the locking system is designed to detect not only the side of the vehicle where the ID transmitter is located, but also the exact position of the ID transmitter, only the touch sensor 7, 8, 9, or 10, which is mounted on a vehicle door closest to the current position of the ID transmitter, will be activated. This further prevents unauthorized persons from gaining access to the vehicle interior.

[0093] Touch sensors 7 to 10 are, for example, Hall sensors and, when activated, are designed to detect a pressure or pull action. If a predefined pressure or pull action on one of the four door handles on vehicle 4 is detected by an activated touch sensor 7, 8, 9, or 10, a control signal is sent to the corresponding vehicle door. The vehicle door then opens automatically without the need to activate any additional opening device.

[0094] Touch sensors 7 to 10 ensure that a vehicle door only opens when the authorized user requests it. However, if no touch is made to one of the touch sensors 7 to 10 after an ID transmitter is detected, the doors of vehicle 4 remain locked.

[0095] About the Fig. 3, the vehicle 4 can also be locked without an authorized person requiring a key. With this locking method, the person performs a movement, for example with a hand, within the detection area 50b close to the environment detection sensor 5 on the exterior mirror 11. The motion sensor of the environment detection sensor 5 detects the hand movement in the detection area 50b and then outputs the locking command signal. The locking command signal activates the first and second transmission devices for detecting an ID transmitter. If the ID transmitter is detected close to the exterior mirror 11, the locking system outputs a control signal to lock all four vehicle doors of the vehicle 4. If, however, the ID transmitter cannot be detected close to the exterior mirror 11 by the two transmission devices, the vehicle 4 remains unlocked.This ensures that only an authorized person can lock the vehicle 4. This locking procedure also prevents the vehicle 4 from being locked while the ID transmitter is still inside the vehicle 4. This prevents the driver from locking himself out.

[0096] As an alternative to the Fig. In addition to the proximity sensors of the environment detection sensors 5 and 6 presented in Figure 3, it is also possible to attach additional touch sensors to the exterior mirrors 11 and 12. In this case, the method for determining access authorization is activated by a person touching one of these touch sensors on the exterior mirror 11 or 12. As a further addition, it is also possible to equip the environment detection sensor 6 with a motion sensor. In this case, the vehicle 4 can also be locked on the passenger side by a hand movement in front of the exterior mirror 12.

[0097] Likewise, a different sensor type can be selected for the first proximity sensor, the second proximity sensor, and the at least one motion sensor. For example, a motion sensor can also be a radar or ultrasonic sensor. An infrared or radar sensor can also be selected for a proximity sensor.

[0098] In the example from Fig. 3, a proximity sensor and a transmission device are arranged on each of the exterior mirrors 11 and 12. However, the present invention also makes it possible to attach only the two transmission devices to one of the two exterior mirrors 11 and 12 and to attach the two proximity sensors to a trim strip on the driver's door and the passenger door, or vice versa.

[0099] Furthermore, the tailgate can also be opened or closed using a locking system according to the invention. For this purpose, an environment detection sensor with a third transmission device, a third proximity sensor, and another motion sensor can be mounted on the rear window wiper.

[0100] In Fig. 4 shows an intelligent radio key 101. The intelligent radio key 101 has three buttons 102 to 104. Depending on a driver's manual input on buttons 102 to 104, a vehicle locking device associated with the intelligent radio key 101 can be controlled. Pressing button 102 switches the locking device to "CLOSED." Pressing button 104, however, unlocks the locking device.

[0101] An LC display 105 is inserted into the middle button 103. The driver can read information on this LC display 105. Preferably, after pressing buttons 102 and 104, the LC display 105 shows whether the vehicle is locked or unlocked. For example, the respective locking status can be displayed for each of the four vehicle doors and for the tailgate. In addition, the LC display 105 can also serve as a warning display. If, as in the example from Fig. 4, the fuel tank is only slightly full, this is communicated to the driver via a symbol or at least one word display.

[0102] Furthermore, a menu function can be displayed on the LCD display 105, which is activated via button 103. If the menu function is activated, buttons 102 and 104 are used to enter a corresponding scroll command. In this case, the driver can select a menu item on the LCD display 105 using buttons 102 and 104 and then activate it by pressing button 103. In this case, the intelligent radio key 101 fulfills the functions of a minicomputer.

[0103] In the example from Fig. 4, the buttons 102 and 104 also have luminous markings 106 to 109. These luminous markings 106 to 109 light up as soon as a pressing of the buttons 102 or 104 is detected by a sensor device of the intelligent radio key 101. Furthermore, the driver learns from the illumination of one of the luminous markings 106 to 109 whether he has executed an input to a vehicle locking system or a scroll command by pressing one of the buttons 102 or 104. As an alternative to the example from Fig. 4, it is also possible to equip the intelligent radio key 101 so that each of the three buttons 102 to 104 has a built-in LC display 105.

[0104] The Fig.The vehicle door 110 outlined in Figure 5 has a display 112 in the door sill 111. Several symbols 113 and 114 can be displayed on this display 112 in such a way that they are readable by a person standing close to the vehicle door 110 and operating the door handle 115. However, by mounting the display 112 horizontally in the door sill 111, it is possible to prevent a person standing far away from the vehicle door 110 from recognizing the symbols 113 and 114.

[0105] The symbols 113 and 114 on the display 112 can be pictorial symbols, alphanumeric characters, and / or words. It is also possible for sentences to appear on the display 112 to explain to the driver a more complex situation regarding their vehicle, which may relate to various vehicle devices. For example, a predefined symbol 113 or 114 can indicate to the driver that a vehicle door 110 is not locked or that a vehicle window is still open. Additionally, the display on the display 112 can include information about the opening positions of all vehicle windows.

[0106] Several options are conceivable for activating display 112. Depending on the design, display 112 can, for example, only be activated when a door or window is actually not closed. Alternatively, display 112 can also be controlled so that a display only appears when all doors and windows of the vehicle are closed. Both options can prevent the driver from locking the vehicle and walking away without noticing that, for example, a window on the rear passenger side is still open.

[0107] Other vehicle features that can be displayed on display 112 include a sunroof, a trunk lid, or the vehicle's fuel tank level. For example, a driver can be reminded when entering or exiting their vehicle that their fuel level has fallen below a certain level. If the ID transmitter has been left in the vehicle, the driver can also be notified via display 112. This prevents the driver from leaving their vehicle with the ID transmitter inside and unknowingly risking theft.

[0108] When unlocking and locking a vehicle using an ID transmitter, the process steps can also be displayed on display 112. For example, the user can be informed via display 112 that no valid ID transmitter was found in the detection area. If the ID transmitter's battery level is low, this is also reported to the driver via display 112. List of reference symbols 1 vehicle 2 first transmission device 3 second transmission device 4 vehicle 5.6 environmental detection sensors 7 to 10 touch sensors 11,12 Exterior mirrors 20 first electromagnetic field 23 Overlap area 30 second electromagnetic field 50a,50b,60 detection areas 101 Smart Remote Key 102 to 104 keys 105 LCD display 106 to 109 luminous markings 110 Vehicle door 111 Door parapet 112 Display 113 and 114 symbols 115 door handle S1 Scan Driver's Door I1 S2 ID transmitter found? S3 Central locking does not respond S4 Scan Passenger Door I2 S5 ID transmitter found? S6 ID transmitter is located on the driver's side S7 ID transmitter is located on the passenger side

Claims

[1] Locking system for a vehicle (1) with - a first transmission device (2) integrated into the vehicle (1) on the driver's side for generating a first electromagnetic field (20) for determining an access authorization, - a second transmission device (3) integrated into the vehicle (1) on the passenger side for generating a second electromagnetic field (30) for determining the access authorization, - wherein the first electromagnetic field (20) is generated by the first transmission device (2) with a first predetermined electric current (I1), - wherein the second electromagnetic field (30) is generated by the second transmission device (3) with a second predetermined electric current (I2) different from the first, - wherein the locking system has an access element external to the vehicle for detecting the electromagnetic fields (20, 30) generated by the transmission devices (2, 3), characterized by - that a field strength is determined in the access element or a corresponding detection signal is compared with a threshold value in order to determine on which side of the vehicle the access element is arranged. [2] Locking system according to claim 1, wherein the first current (I1) has a higher predetermined current intensity than the second current (I2). [3] Locking system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first current (I1) has a different frequency than the second current (I2). [4] Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first current (I1) has a different phase than the second current (I2) with respect to a reference signal. [5] Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 4, which has at least one third transmission device for generating a third electromagnetic field for determining the access authorization. [6] Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 5 with at least one environment detection device (5, 6) for detecting an object and / or an object movement in at least one partial environment (50a, 50b, 60) of the vehicle (4) and for providing a corresponding sensor signal, wherein access to an interior of the vehicle (4) is released as a function of the sensor signal, and wherein the environment detection device (5, 6) is arranged on an exposed component of the vehicle (4) and is used to monitor an opening device of the vehicle (4). [7] Vehicle with a locking system according to one of claims 1 to 6. [8] Procedure for determining access authorization to a vehicle by - generating (S1) a first electromagnetic field in a driver's door, and - generating (S4) a second electromagnetic field in a passenger door, - wherein the first electromagnetic field is generated with a first predetermined electric current (I1), and - wherein the second electromagnetic field is generated with a second predetermined electric current (I2) different from the first, characterized by - that the electromagnetic fields are detected by an access element external to the vehicle and the corresponding field strengths are determined or the corresponding detection signals are compared with a threshold value in order to determine on which side of the vehicle the access element is arranged. [9] Method according to claim 8, wherein the first current (I1) has a higher predetermined current intensity than the second current (I2). [10] Method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first current (I1) has a different frequency than the second current (I2). [11] Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the first current (I1) has a different phase than the second current (I2) with respect to a reference signal. [12] Method according to one of claims 8 to 11, wherein at least one third electromagnetic field is generated to determine the access authorization. [13] Method according to one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the first electromagnetic field is generated for a first time interval (S1, S2) and at least the second electromagnetic field is generated for a second time interval (S4, S5) following the first. [14] Method for opening a vehicle (4) characterized by Detecting a movement of a person or object before the person or object touches the vehicle (4), Recording an access authorization, triggered by the detected movement and - Issuing a control command to a locking system depending on the detected movement and the detected access authorization, - wherein the method comprises a method according to any one of claims 8 to 13. [15] Method for locking a vehicle (4) characterized by - Determining access authorization, - Detecting a person’s movement and - Issuing a closing control command depending on the detected movement of the person and the determined access authorization. - wherein the method comprises a method according to any one of claims 8 to 13.

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