Outdoor sensor device and motion sensor-controlled outdoor light

Abstract

External sensor device for motion-controlled activation of a lighting device (10) with Doppler high-frequency detector means designed for motion detection and the control unit (24) downstream which controls the activation in the form of a change in the operating mode of the downstream lighting device, characterized by the fact that the Doppler RF detector means (12) comprise a pair of RF receiving antennas (14a, 16a) directed towards a common detection area (22) and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance (S) in a common housing, each with associated mixer means (14m, 16m) for generating a first and a second intermediate frequency signal (OUT A, OUT B), a signal processing unit (18) is connected downstream of the mixing means, which is designed to generate a distance, distance change, angle and angle change signal corresponding to a detection object (20) in the detection range from the first and the second intermediate frequency signal by means of digital signal processing, where the distance signal corresponds to the distance of the detection object to the housing, the distance change signal corresponds to a movement speed of the detected object in one direction of the distance, the angular signal corresponds to a position angle of the detection object in a plane of motion of the detection object, in particular the ground surface in a mounted state of the external sensor device. and the angle change signal corresponds to an angular velocity of the detected object in the plane of motion, and the control unit is designed such that, in response to the signals from the signal processing unit, the operating mode of the downstream luminaire changes when the distance signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum distance value, and / or the distance change signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum distance change value, and / or the angle change signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum angular velocity.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an external sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a motion sensor-controlled outdoor light using such an external sensor device.

[0002] It is known from the prior art to use sensors for motion detection in the form of various detection technologies and principles. For example, it is known and established to use so-called PIR (passive infrared) sensors for lighting control in indoor and outdoor areas (related to a building). These sensors generate a detection signal based on detected infrared radiation in the detection area (more precisely: infrared radiation in the image of the detection area that changes due to the movement of the object being detected) and, as a reaction, typically activate a lighting device. Such devices, especially in combination with a lighting device, are established and widely used as so-called sensor lights, not least because of their robust design, which is also suitable for use in all weather conditions.

[0003] However, such devices based on the infrared principle also have disadvantages; firstly, the effective detection range, i.e., the area defined by a maximum distance to a reliably detectable object of a certain minimum size, is inherently limited. Additionally, infrared-based sensors are susceptible to environmental influences, such as changes in temperature and / or light conditions, and can lead to potentially undesirable false activations of the lighting device.

[0004] Particularly for the purpose of lighting control, high-frequency or radar sensors are increasingly establishing themselves as an alternative to PIR sensors. These sensors operate on the basis of a change in reflected and detected high-frequency waves and typically utilize the Doppler principle for this purpose, i.e., a frequency shift of the high-frequency signal caused by a movement (or speed of movement) of a detection object in the detection area, which is evaluated for detection.

[0005] However, such high-frequency technology also has inherent disadvantages. For example, detector sensitivity (and thus motion detection sensitivity) depends on the direction in which the object is moving relative to the sensor: An object moving towards or away from the sensor produces a completely different Doppler signal than an object moving tangentially within the detection range. Similarly, problems arise from the difficulty for a sensor in detecting the difference between a relatively small object moving close to the sensor and a relatively large object moving at a greater distance (and potentially even outside the desired detection range).Finally, the property of high-frequency signals to penetrate materials leads to undesirable properties of a motion sensor, possibly also reacting to movements that occur behind a wall or similar barrier without any relevance for a detection purpose.

[0006] US Patent 2010 / 0103020 A1 discloses a method for detecting a moving target within a predefined protected region using a microwave motion detector by transmitting microwave frequency signals and receiving the microwave frequency signals reflected by the target. A target distance and angle are then determined based on the received microwave frequency signals. A target position is then determined based on the target distance and angle, and an alarm condition is triggered if the target position is within the predefined protected region.

[0007] While these peculiarities of radar or high-frequency technology are relatively easy to manage in indoor (building) environments for motion detection, leading to an increasing spread of this technology, especially in the areas of lighting control and home automation, outdoor (building) environments remain problematic, not least due to a potentially unlimited detection range (theoretically, for example, trees standing far away and moving in the wind could cause a Doppler signal that triggers a sensor response).

[0008] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an external sensor device for motion-controlled activation of a lighting device according to the preamble of the main claim, which is optimized with regard to its suitability for a building exterior, in particular enabling an extended detection range (compared to conventional PIR sensors), while at the same time being particularly advantageous for the detection of the movement of persons, regardless of their direction and speed of movement relative to the external sensor device, and in particular being insensitive to disturbances and movements of objects or artifacts that cannot be detected.

[0009] The problem is solved by the external sensor device with the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims. Protection within the scope of the present invention is also claimed for a motion sensor-controlled outdoor light, which is implemented with the external sensor device according to the invention and thus represents a preferred use thereof. Furthermore, any methodological aspects arising from the operation and / or data signal processing operations of the present device are considered to be disclosed as belonging to the invention.

[0010] In an advantageous manner according to the invention, the high-frequency motion detection realized according to the Doppler principle is implemented using a pair of high-frequency receiver units, each consisting of an antenna, an associated mixer unit and an associated intermediate frequency tap, so that, in departure from generic single technologies, two detector receiver channels exist for further evaluation in the form of digital signal processing, which, due to their geometry according to the invention - spaced apart by a predetermined and known distance - enable a concrete localization of the detection object in the (common for the high-frequency receiver antennas) reception area in a manner used for the first time for high-frequency lighting control.

[0011] Specifically, the high-frequency boundary conditions determined by the geometric conditions of the arrangement or the distance, the selected frequency band for the Doppler high-frequency detector means, and a (preferably rectangular) modulation of the high-frequency transmit signal allow the reflection signal obtained from the detection area in the form of the first and second intermediate frequency signals to be evaluated by digital signal processing for properties of the detection object located or moving in the detection area, in particular a distance of the detection object from the housing of the sensor device, furthermore a change in distance (rate of change) of this distance, furthermore an angle (so-called azimuth angle) of the detection object in its plane of movement (in practical operation typically corresponding to a ground surface of the earth), as well as an angular velocity corresponding to an angular change of this azimuth angle.

[0012] From this data, derived in particular from the phase shift of the first and second intermediate frequency signals, the control unit configured according to the invention then determines whether the activation of the lighting device, i.e., the intended change in operating mode, is triggered. Typically and advantageously within the scope of the present invention, this is achieved by assigning the distance signal to the desired distance range, corresponding to the movement behavior of a person in the detection range. This is typically linked to the distance change signal, which is configured according to the movement speed of the detection object. In order to thus account for both radial (i.e., in the direction towards or away from)To detect movements directed away from the sensor housing, as well as movements tangential to it, the angle change signal is additionally evaluated and a detection-relevant movement of the object being detected is then deduced from a suitable combination of these signals, which then activates the lighting device in the manner according to the invention.

[0013] This advantageously overcomes the disadvantage of known Doppler devices used for motion detection, namely their directional dependence in detection quality. Additionally, the present invention allows for limiting the detection range both in the near field and with respect to a distant boundary. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments of the invention, it can be advantageous to activate the lighting device immediately in front of the sensor unit as a reaction to a detection in the near field.

[0014] These conceptual and fundamental advantages of the invention make the present invention particularly suitable for mounting the housing on walls or ceilings (e.g., overhangs) in outdoor areas, thus making it an outstanding replacement for known sensor lighting units. It is particularly preferred to integrate the associated lighting device into a common housing or to enable a modular connection; however, the present invention can also be advantageously used by mounting and operating the outdoor sensor device separately from the lighting device.Advantageously, any arrangements, especially those that can be coupled wirelessly by suitable radio or other connection means, can be realized from a plurality of lighting devices, which are activated by a single (or again a plurality of) external sensor device(s) in the manner according to the invention, so that maximum flexibility in use and for a wide variety of outdoor areas is created.

[0015] Particularly in wall-mounted implementations, it is preferred, within the framework of further embodiments of the invention, to design the integrated lighting device with a plurality of light-emitting surfaces, which can be arranged opposite each other on or within the common housing. In this way, it is advantageous and preferred, for example, to enable light emission directed both downwards and upwards, relative to a ground surface, in the manner of a combined outdoor and house number light, while preferably the detection range defined by the antenna pair is oriented forwards, i.e., extending horizontally from the mounting wall. Here, too, the possibilities for the design are manifold and can be adapted to virtually any application and control and lighting task.

[0016] In a particularly preferred embodiment for outdoor use, the outdoor sensor device is equipped with means for detecting the time of day and / or ambient brightness, according to a further embodiment of the invention. These means allow, for example, the control unit to make the activation and / or operating mode change behavior dependent on the influence of ambient brightness or the current time of day. Thus, during midday and / or under particularly bright ambient light conditions, the activation of the lighting device can be prevented, even if the high-frequency detector means in the detection range detect relevant movement. Conversely, continuous activation of the lighting device, possibly with reduced light output, can be specified for certain times of night, which then preferably increases the light output in response to detected movement.In accordance with further training, to prevent an adverse influence on the inherent light caused by the lighting device, this inherent light can then be balanced or compensated for during the detection operation of the means in relation to the ambient brightness.

[0017] In advantageous embodiments of the invention, it is particularly preferred to use the control unit not only for motion-dependent activation or changing the operating mode of the lighting device, but also synergistically to monitor the temperature of the lighting device and, if necessary, to influence it in response to a detected threshold being reached or other detected temperature behavior. For example, this could be achieved by advantageously and according to the embodiment, detecting a relevant housing temperature of the lighting device implemented with LEDs (where an excessively high operating temperature of power LEDs would lead to an undesirable reduction in service life) and then, in response to reaching or exceeding a temperature threshold, reducing the control power for the LED light source until a desired target temperature is reached again.This idea can also be further developed according to the invention and applied to various other lighting configurations or light source variants, such as halogen light sources that generate particularly high levels of heat (and are therefore potentially fire-hazardous).

[0018] Not least with the intention of enabling a particularly simple and convenient setup, adjustment or change of the detection range and other operationally relevant parameters at the place of use or in the mounted state of the external sensor device according to the invention, setup or configuration means are provided, preferably wirelessly connected, for example in the form of a remote control.

[0019] As a result, the present invention enables the realization of a motion detection infrastructure for outdoor use, which is exceptionally well-suited for motion detection and motion-dependent activation of lighting devices. At the same time, potential indoor use is not excluded by the present invention and is equally claimed as belonging to the invention.

[0020] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings; these show in Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram of the external sensor device according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention for controlling a lighting device as an integrated sensor light; Fig. 2 A detailed view of the Doppler high-frequency unit in the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1; Fig. 3 A detailed representation of essential functional components of the signal processing unit in the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 4: A geometric representation to illustrate essential geometric and parameter relationships in the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. 3, relating to a plane of motion, together with the descriptive appendix.

[0021] The schematic block diagram of the Fig. Figure 1 illustrates the essential functional components of a first embodiment for realizing the external sensor device according to the invention. This includes a symbolically represented LED arrangement, comprising a plurality of high-power LED light sources, which serves as a lighting device.

[0022] As the Fig. As illustrated in Figure 1, the illustrated embodiment comprises a Doppler high-frequency unit 12 with a pair of high-frequency input parts 14, 16, each consisting of a suitably designed high-frequency antenna 14a or 16a, and a downstream associated mixer unit 14m or 16m ( Fig. 2) and this in turn a suitable intermediate amplifier of 14V or 16V on the intermediate frequency (IF) side.

[0023] The Doppler high-frequency unit 12 outputs the processed intermediate frequency signals of the first (14) and second (16) high-frequency channels to a downstream signal processing unit 18, where both the first intermediate frequency signal IF A in the form of two signals with different frequencies IF A1 as well as IF A2 , as well as the second intermediate frequency signal in the form of two IF signals B1 or IF B2 is available.

[0024] From these (analog) intermediate frequency signals, the signal processing unit 18 generates a total of four detector or detection parameters of an object 20 in the (common) detection range 22, as will be explained in detail below and with reference to the descriptive appendix. Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic delimitation of the high-frequency receiving antennas 14a and 16a: Firstly, distance data of the object 20 relative to an aperture area 15 determined by both receiving antennas 14a and 16a are provided to a control unit 24 downstream of the signal processing unit 18; secondly, velocity information of the (radial) distance is obtained from a temporal change of this distance data in the radial direction; thirdly, data concerning a currently detected azimuth angle of the object 20 relative to the aperture area and concerning a temporal change of this azimuth angle (corresponding to an angular velocity); the azimuth angle is related to a plane of movement of the object 20 (e.g., a person), typically corresponding to a plane parallel to the ground or earth surface when the antennas are wall-mounted. Fig. 1. External sensor device shown schematically and housed together with the lighting device in a (not shown) housing.

[0025] In response to the data signals received by the digital signal processing unit 18, the control unit 24 activates the lighting device 10 according to a predetermined configuration or parameterization (set up by an associated configuration unit 26, which can be operated, for example, by remote control). Thus, in a typical configuration, the control unit 24 would trigger activation of the lighting device 10, in particular, if the detection object 20 is within a range defined by the control unit 24. Fig. The control unit 24 schematically determines the location of the object 20 within the confined space defined by boundaries N1 and N2, taking into account the (radial) distance signal from the signal processing unit 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the control unit 24 also considers the distance change signal and the angular velocity signal generated by the signal processing unit 18 to determine whether the object 20 is indeed a person moving at a typical speed, as distinct from other objects moving in the outdoor area (such as bushes, etc.). If predefined or predefinable ranges of this data are reached, the control unit 24 activates the lighting device 10.In the actual implementation, it is also planned to use suitable, manually operated adjusting devices (such as control resistors or trimmers) to set appropriate parameters for such a decision; likewise, typical limits or setting parameters relating to ambient brightness (so), illumination duration in the activated state, or the like can be set with these controls.

[0026] Additionally and advantageous is the in Fig. The sensor light shown in Figure 1 has a twilight switching functionality, implemented by an ambient brightness detection unit 28 assigned to the control unit 24. Using a suitable brightness sensor, the unit 28 determines the ambient brightness for the sensor light shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1 sensor light shown is determined and provided as a threshold value for the control function of the control unit 24, such that (possibly despite a positive detection of movement of the object 20 in the detection range) activation of the lighting device 10 is omitted if bright ambient light makes activation of the lighting device 10 unnecessary.

[0027] In addition, a temperature sensor unit 30 is assigned to the control unit 24. This unit monitors the current operating temperature of the LED lighting device 10 via a suitable temperature sensor. For example, if a temperature threshold of the lighting device is exceeded (a threshold critical for its lifespan), the control unit 24, in conjunction with the control unit 24, initiates a reduction in the driving power of the lighting device to lower the temperature. In this respect, the microprocessor or microcontroller infrastructure typically used for the implementation of the signal processing unit 18 and the control unit 24 can be used synergistically to further extend the lifespan and monitor the operation of the (LED) light source in the lighting device 10.

[0028] The Fig. Figure 2 illustrates further constructive details of the Doppler high-frequency unit 12 in Fig. 1. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, a high-frequency transmitting antenna 34 (in Fig. (1 not shown) the transmitted signal, processed by a local oscillator 36 and a downstream power division stage 32, is directed into the detection range 22. The oscillator signal 36 is also suitable for square wave modulation by a preceding modulator unit 38 to realize the respective intermediate frequency patterns 1 and 2. The local oscillator signal is also coupled into the channel-specific mixer stages 14b and 16b via a further power divider 40. Specifically, an input TUN of the modulator unit 38 receives a square wave modulated signal, which causes a corresponding switching between a first frequency f1 and a second frequency f2 for the outputs OUT A and OUT B, corresponding to this square wave modulation of period Ts. The (adjacent) frequencies f1 and f2 can be adjusted by the trimmers R1 and R2 shown. The period T sIn the illustrated embodiment, the duration is 1 ms. According to the rectangular modulation (see the output signals of the mixing and amplification process of channels A and B), the Doppler signal U is generated in one half-period T2 / 2. A1 or U A2 , as shown in Table 3.1 in the appendix for the intermediate frequency signals IF A1 or IF A2 described. Since the frequencies f1 and f2 are close together (and in the practical example differ by only about 0.17%), the Doppler frequency can be considered as a simple matter, see formula 3.5.

[0029] The phase of the modulated Doppler signal IF A1 depends, as shown, on the distance R A The target depends on antenna 14a and on the frequency f1, whereas the phase of the Doppler signal IF depends on A2 by R A and f2. Accordingly, the difference in the phases of the signals IF can be used to determine A1 and IF A2 the distance R Aof the target (formula 3.15). Similarly, for the 16m mixing stage, the Doppler signals U are used. B1 and U S2 procedure, according to the associated intermediate frequency signals IF B1 or IF B2 .

[0030] From the difference in the phases of the IF signals A1 and IF B1 or IF A2 and IF B2 In contrast, the azimuth angle ( Fig. 4) Determine the target, see formulas 3.8 and 3.9.

[0031] The Fig. Figure 2 illustrates the respective processing or composition of the intermediate frequency (IF) signals. A1 and IF A2 for the first channel as well as IF B1 or IF B2for the second receiving channel. It is also shown that the receiving antennas 14a and 16a are spaced apart in the aperture area by a small distance S (relative to the detection distance) (approximately 2.5 cm in the illustrated embodiment). For further processing and evaluation of these high-frequency signals and their demodulated intermediate frequency signals, reference is made to the descriptive appendix, which is further detailed below with reference to the Fig. 3 will be explained in more detail.

[0032] The Fig. Figure 3 illustrates the schematic implementation of the signal processing unit 18 according to Fig. 1, which is derived from the Doppler radio frequency unit (according to Fig. 2) generated signals are present at OUT A and OUT B.

[0033] These intermediate frequency signals are first digitized in an A / D converter unit 44 and subsequently spectrally analyzed or appropriately demodulated in a spectral analysis unit 48 and a (preceding) Doppler demodulation unit 46. Specifically, the analog signals OUT A and OUT B with the duty cycle T are processed in the A / D converter 44. s / 2 in the middle of the half-period of the signal TUN ( Fig. 2) sampled. In demodulator 46, the respective sections of signal OUT A and OUT B are converted to the Doppler signals U. A1 and U A2 or U B1 and U B2The (modulated) Doppler signals are distributed, with the maximum amplitude being defined. This maximum spectral component is determined by the spectral analysis unit 48, for example, using the so-called Görtzel algorithm (formulas 6.1 to 6.3 in the descriptive appendix), where each spectral component is defined by its frequency, amplitude, and phase. Because the modulated Doppler signals must have the same frequency F, this frequency is determined as the mean of the frequencies of the maximum spectral components. Additionally, the statistical evaluation unit 60 determines the variances between the applied signals. For further explanation, please refer to the descriptive appendix and the... Fig. Reference is made to section 4, which describes the plane of measurement, i.e., the Earth's surface and the plane of motion, and explains the various geometric relationships, dependencies, and variables used in the descriptive appendix. Radial velocity, azimuth (angle), and distance are determined from the phases according to formulas 3.5 to 3.17.

[0034] In Fig. In the three schematically shown Kalman filters 72 and 74, the determined distance and radial velocity, or the azimuth angle and angular velocity, are filtered using the variance data of the evaluation unit 60. In principle, the angular velocity is considered as the difference in the azimuth angles between two measurements, with this occurring in the practical example at a period of approximately T = 128 ms. Formulas 7.1 to 7.15 in the descriptive appendix explain the operation of the Kalman filters, whereby for each step a measured value is compared with the extrapolated value from a previous step, and the most probable value is then determined as the value with the greatest accuracy.

[0035] The coordinates of the detection object (target) 20, resulting from these filtering processes, are transmitted to a decision unit 80 for activating the lighting unit 10, whereby suitable criteria (such as twilight and / or ambient brightness thresholds, minimum switch-on time, or similar) can be preselected on a parameter or threshold unit 90. A maximum distance or similar can also be preselected by means of a suitable setting.

[0036] In a way that is particularly significant for practical purposes, the Fig.1 is implemented as a sensor-activated wall light with a lighting device 10 integrated into the common housing, wherein this preferably offers two (downward and upward directed) light emission surfaces and, in the described embodiment, the aperture plane for the detection range is designed vertically to generate a horizontal detection range. In practical operation, with a typical mounting height of approximately 2 m, an effective detection range (distances N1, N2 from the housing) of, for example, between 1 m (as the minimum distance) and, for example, 6 m (as the maximum distance) can be set. Since a definite maximum distance according to formula 4.6 (description appendix) depends on the difference between the frequencies f1 and f2, and these frequencies are set in the range between 5 MHz and 8 MHz, maximum distances between approximately 10 m and 15 m can be achieved.

[0037] Typically, the radial velocity of the target (detection object) should be in the range between approximately 9.1 m / s and 1.2 m / s to trigger motion detection. Description appendix (considered part of the description and describes the invention) 3. Signal model Table 3.1 IFA1[ti]=UA cos[2πf1σ(2VR ti+RA)] =UA cos[2π F1ti+ΨA1] IFA2[ti]=UA cos[2πf2c(2VR(ti+Ts2)+RA)]=UA cos[2π F2 ti+ΨA2] IFB1[ti]=UB cos[2πf1c(2VR ti+RB)±π]=UB cos[2π F1 ti+ΨB1] IFB2[ti]=UB cos[2πf2c(2VR(ti+TS2)+RB)±π]=UB cos[2π F2 ti+ΨB2] ΨA1=2πf1c(2R−s2sin φ) ΨA2=2πf2c(2R−s2sin φ)+2π F TS2 ΨB1=2πf1c(2R+s2sin φ)±π ΨB2=2πf2c(2R+s2sin φ)+2π F TS2±π Radial velocity determination: FQ=2VRfQc Q=1.2 2f1−f2f1+f2≤0.0017⇒F1≈F2=FVR=F cf1+f2 Azimuth determination: ΨB1−ΨA1=2π s f1csin φ±π ΨB2−ΨA2=2π s f2csin φ±π φ1=arsine[c2πs f1(ΨB1−ΨA1±π)] φ2=arsine[c2πs f2(ΨB2−ΨA2±π)] φ=φ1+φ22 ΨB1−ΨA1+ΨB2−ΨA2=2πs sin φf1+f2c±2π φ=arcsin[c2πs(f1+f2)(ΨB1+ΨB2−ΨA1−ΨA2∓2π)];cs(f1+f2)=1 Distance determination: ΨA1−ΨA2=2π(2R−s2sin φ)f1−f2c−2πFTs2 ΨS1−ΨB2=2π(2R+s2sin φ)f1−f2c−2πFTs2 2R−s2sin φ=c2π(f1−f2)[ΨA1−ΨA2+2π F Ts2] 2R+s2sin φ=c2π(f1−f2)[ΨB1−ΨB2+2π F Ts2] R=c8π(f1−f2)(ΨB1−ΨB2+ΨA2+2π F Ts) 4. Unambiguity F>0 0≤ΨPQ<2π P=A,BQ=1,2 −π≤ΨPQ−ΨRS<π P,R=A,BQ,S=1,2 Azimuth: φ=arcsin x −1≤x≤1 −π2≤φ≤π2 −1≤ΨB1−ΨA1±ππ≤1 −1≤ΨB2−ΨA2±ππ≤1 −2π≤(ΨB1+ΨB2−ΨA2∓2π)≤2π Distance: −π≤ΨA1−ΨA2+2π F Ts2≤ π −π≤ΨB1−ΨB2+2π FTs2≤π−c4(f1−f2)≤R≤c4(f1−f2) −2π≤ΨB1−ΨB2+ΨA1−ΨA2+2π F2 Ts≤2π R>0 Target is from the sensor R<0 Target is from the sensor f1−f2=10 MHz→|R|≤7.495 m 5. Signal analysis

[0038] Measured signals are output to OUT A as u A and on OUT B as u B designated.

[0039] Both signals are detected in the time window T=128 ms with a duty cycle T S / 2 = 0.5 ms sampled.

[0040] Each signal yields 256 samples. N = 128 imbalance samples with a sampling time T. S = 1 ms form signal u P1 , P = A, B and N=128 paired samples signal u P2 At a target, the signals u PQ through model IF PQ and noise w replaced. uPQ[i]=IFPQ[i]+w[i]

[0041] The variance DPQ[w]=1N∑i=0N−1[uPQ[i]−IFPQ[i]]2 represents the power of the noise and the root mean square (RMS) value. PPQ[IF]=1N∑i=0N−1[IFPQ[i]]2 The signal strength. Ratio SNPQ=P[IF]D[w] represents the distance of the signal from the noise.

[0042] Time t0 PQ will be found when IF PQ (t0 PQ )=0. t0PQ=π2−ΨPQ2π F

[0043] During this time, the following applies: UPQ cos(2π F t0PQ+ΨPQ±σPQ[wΨ])=σPQ[w], where σ=|D| is standard deviation

[0044] Of that σPQ[Ψ]=|arccos(1SNPQ)−π2|,SNPQ≥1⇒0≤σ[wΨ]≤π2

[0045] The standard deviation of the phase is used to calculate the variance of the azimuth, D[wφ]=arcsin2[14π2∑P=AB∑Q=12σPQ2[wΨ]],0≤[wφ]≤π2 the variance of the angular velocity, D[wΩ[n]]=D[wφ[n]]+D[wφ[n−1]]r2.0≤σ[wΩ[n]]≤πr2 the variance of the distance D(wR)=(σ8π(f1−f2))2∑P=AB∑Q=12σPQ2[wΨ], 0≤σ[wR]≤c8(f1−f2)=3.75 m for |f1−f2|=10 MHz certainly.

[0046] signal xPQ[i]=UPQ cos(2π FPQ TS i+ΨPQ), i=0,...,127 The search is conducted such that the mean squared value is obtained. DPQ=1N∑i=0N−1[uPQ[i]−xPQ[i]]2 is the smallest.

[0047] With the highest probability x PQ corresponds to the largest signal from the Fourier series of the discrete signal u PQ . Then FPQ=KPQNTS=KPQT, KPQ=number of spectral lines with the largest amplitude

[0048] For greater accuracy, N samples of the signal u are used. PQ Supplemented with zero samples to M = 4096 samples. FPQ=kPQ32 T

[0049] The mean value F of the Doppler frequency is calculated. F=14[FA1+FA2+FB1+FB2]

[0050] Because the measurements of the Doppler frequencies are independent, the variance D[w v ] the radial velocity is calculated. D[wV]=∑P=AB∑Q=12[ef1+f2[FPQ−F]]2

[0051] The target is determined when |FF PQ |≤3 Hz for all P, Q. This means the maximum variance of the radial velocity is 0.024 m. 2 s -2 The maximum standard deviation is then σmax[vR]=Dmax=0.155 ms−1

[0052] The spectral components are calculated using the Görtzel algorithm. Searching for the maximum spectral line:

[0053] For a frequency range of 1 to 45 Hz, every eighth spectral line is calculated from the 4096-point FFT. The new line is calculated midway between two maximum lines. This process is repeated until the accuracy reaches the level of an FFT with a length of 4096 samples. 6. Görtzel Algorithm

[0054] The Görtzel algorithm calculates a DTFT component from the series of samples x[n], n = 0, ..., N-1, with arbitrary precision. The component is calculated like the output sample IIR (Infiniti Impulse Response) of the linear system in time N. The desired spectral line X[k] is the Nth sample of the series y. k [N] for any real k. The difference equation of the IIR system is yk[n]=x[n]−x[n−1]e−jzπkN+2 cos(2πkN)yk[n−1]−yk[n−2] at x[-1] = y[-1] = y[-2] = 0

[0055] The structure is written using the internal state variables. s[n]=x[n]+2 cos(2πkN)s[n−1]−s[n−2]

[0056] The outcome is determined by the equation yk[n]=(s[n]−s[n−1]e−jzπkN)e−j2πk, at s[−1]=s[−2]=0 described.

[0057] The description of the state is better because we only need the output y. k [N] is of interest. System s[N], which only works with the real numbers, is iterated N+1 times and only in the last step is y k [N] calculated. 7. Kalman filter - Filtration of radial distance and radial velocity: R[n] actual radial distance at step n v[n] actual radial velocity at step n R u [n]R u [n] measured radial distance at step n V u [n] measured radial velocity at step n R̂ e[n] extrapolated radial distance at step n V̂ e [n] extrapolated radial velocity at step n R̂[n] Estimation of the radial distance at step n V̂[n]̂ Estimation of the radial velocity at step n ‖P[n]‖=‖R[n]V[n]‖‖Pu[n]‖=‖Ru[n]Vu[n]‖‖P^e[n]‖=‖R^e[n]V^e[n]‖‖P^[n]‖=‖R^[n]V^[n]‖ Model of measurements: ‖Pu[n]‖=‖D‖‖P[n]‖+‖r[n]‖+‖w[n]‖ ||D|| Transfer matrix, with us ‖D‖=‖1001‖ ||r[n]|| Known vector, in our ‖r[n]‖=‖00‖ ||w[n]|| white noise, in our case ‖w[n]‖=‖wR[n]wV[n]‖ mean E[‖w[n]‖]=‖E[wR[n]]E[wV[n]]‖=‖00‖,

[0058] Variance matrix ‖w[n]‖=‖D[wR[n]]00D[wV[n]]‖ ||w[n]|| and ||P[n]|| are uncorrelated E[‖w[n]‖T‖P[n]‖]=0 Autocovariant function of radial velocity KV(τ)=E[(Vu(t)−V)(Vu(t+τ)−V(τ))]=D[wV]e−α|τ|a>0 Model of parameters: ‖P[n]‖=‖A‖‖P[n−1]‖+‖b[n]‖+‖q[n]‖ ||A|| Transition matrix, ‖A‖=‖11−eαTα0e−αT‖α>0T=0.128 s |b[n]|| Known vector, in our ‖b[n]‖=‖00‖ ||q[n]|| white random process, in our case ‖q[n]‖=‖qR[n]qV[n]‖ Mean E[||q[n]||]=0 Variance matrix ‖Q[n]‖=‖QRR[n]QRV[n]QVR[n]QVV[n]‖ QRR[n]=D[wV[n]]α2(2αT−3+4e−αT−e−2αT)QRV[n]=QVR[n]=D[wV[n]]α(1−e−αT)QVV[n]=D[wV[n]](1−e−2αT) ||w[n]|| and ||q[n]|| are uncorrelated Estimates of the extrapolated parameters:

[0059] Estimates of the parameters in step n based on the measurements in step n-1 (no measurement in step n). ‖P^e[n]‖=‖A‖‖P^[n−1]‖+‖b[n]‖⇒R^e[n]=R^[n−1]+1−s−αTαV^[n−1] V^e[n]=e−αTV^[n−1] Accuracy of the extrapolated estimates:

[0060] The accuracy is given by covariance matrix of the error of the extrapolated estimate for the time T of the last measurement. ‖Se[n]‖=‖A‖‖S[n−1]‖‖A‖T+‖Q[n]‖ SeRR[n]=SRR[n−1]+2 SRV[n−1]A12+SVV[n−1]A122+QRR[n]SeRV[n]=SeVR[n]=SRV[n−1]A22+SVV[n−1]A12A22+QRV[n]SeVV[n−1]=SVV[2−1]QV[2+] Reinforcement matrix: ‖H[n]‖=‖Se[n]‖‖D[n]‖T(‖D[n]‖‖Se[n]‖‖D[n]‖T+‖W[n]‖)−1 HRR[n]=SeRR[n](SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV2[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])(SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV2[n] HRV[n]=SeRV[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])−SeRV[n]SeRR[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])(SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV2[n] HVR[n]=SeRV[n](SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV[n]SeVV[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])(SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV2[n] HVV[n]=SeVV[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])−SeRV2[n](SeRR[n]+D[wR[n]])(SeVV[n]+D[wV[n]])−SeRV2[n]

[0061] Boundary values: ‖W‖=0⇒‖H‖=‖1001‖ exact Messung ‖W‖=∞⇒‖H‖=‖0000‖ fake brass Accuracy of parameter estimates:

[0062] The error of the filtered approximations describes Covariance Matrix. ‖S[n]‖=‖Se[n]‖−‖H[n]‖‖D[n]‖‖Se[n]‖ SRR[n]=SeRR[n](1−HRR[n])−SeRV[n]HRV[n] SRV[n]=SeRV[n](1−HRR[n])−SeVV[n]HRV[n] SVR[n]=SeRV[n](1−HVV[n])−SeRR[n]HVR[n] SVV[n]=SeVV[n](1−HVV[n])−SeRV[n]HVR[n]

[0063] At the wrong brass: ||S||=||S S || Parameter estimates - filtered Parameters: ‖P^[n]‖=‖P^e[n]‖+‖H[n]‖(‖Pu[n]‖−‖r[n]‖−‖D[n]‖‖P^e[n]‖) R^[n]=R^e[n]+HRR[n](Ru[n]−R^e[n])+HRV[n](Vu[n]−V^e[n]) V^[n]=V^e[n]+HVR[n](Ru[n]−R^e[n])+HVV[n](Vu[n]−V^e[n])

[0064] In the exact measurement: ||P̂[n]||=||P u [n]||

[0065] In the false brass: ||P̂[n]||=||P̂ e [n]|| Starting point:

[0066] From the five consecutive measurements, three valid values ​​will be obtained. An average will be calculated from these values, which will be referred to as step 1. Ru[1],Vu[1],D[wR[1]],D[wV[1]] R^[1]=Ru[1],V^[1]=Vu[1],‖S[1]‖=‖W[1]‖ Ru[2],Vu[2],D[wR[2]],D[wV[2]] ‖P^e[2]‖,‖Q[2]‖,‖Se[2]‖,‖H[2]‖,‖P^[2]‖,‖S⌊2⌋‖ Azimuth and angular velocity filtration:

[0067] The procedure is the same, only the input data forms the azimuth φ and the angular velocity Ω. ‖P[n]‖=‖φ[n]Ω[n]‖‖Pu[n]‖=‖φu[n]Ωu[n]‖‖P^ e[n]‖=‖φ^e[n]Ω^e[n]‖‖P^[n]‖=‖φ^[n]Ω^[n]‖ Starting point: φu[1],D[wφ[1]],D[wΩ[1]]=2D[wφ[1]]T2 φ^[1]=φu[1],Ω^[1]=0,‖S[1]‖=‖W[1]‖ Ωu[n]=φu[n]−φu[n−1]T φu[2],Ωu[2],D[wφ[2]],D[wΩ[2]] ‖P^e[2]‖,‖Q[2]‖,‖Se[2]‖,‖H[2]‖,‖P^[2]‖,‖S⌊2⌋‖ Extrapolation of the parameters

[0068] When the measured data has already ended, Kalman - Filtration generates three more steps. ‖Pu[n]‖,‖W[n]‖ ‖P^e[n]‖,‖Q[n]‖,‖Se[n]‖,‖H[n]‖,‖P^[n]‖,‖S⌊n⌋‖ ‖Pu[n+1]‖=0,‖W[n+1]‖=‖Wmax‖ ‖P^e[n+1]‖,‖Q[n+1]‖,‖Se[n+1]‖,‖H[n+1]‖=0,‖P^[n+1]‖=‖P^e[n+1]‖,‖S⌊n+1⌋‖=‖Se[n+1]‖

Claims

[1] External sensor device for motion-controlled activation of a lighting device (10) with Doppler high-frequency detector means designed for motion detection and the control unit (24) downstream which controls the activation in the form of a change in the operating mode of the downstream lighting device, characterized by , that the Doppler RF detector means (12) comprise a pair of RF receiving antennas (14a, 16a) directed towards a common detection area (22) and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance (S) in a common housing, each with associated mixer means (14m, 16m) for generating a first and a second intermediate frequency signal (OUT A, OUT B), a signal processing unit (18) is connected downstream of the mixing means, which is designed to generate a distance, distance change, angle and angle change signal corresponding to a detection object (20) in the detection range from the first and the second intermediate frequency signal by means of digital signal processing, where the distance signal corresponds to the distance of the detection object to the housing, the distance change signal corresponds to a movement speed of the detected object in one direction of the distance, the angular signal corresponds to a position angle of the detection object in a plane of motion of the detection object, in particular the ground surface in a mounted state of the external sensor device. and the angle change signal corresponds to an angular velocity of the detected object in the plane of motion, and the control unit is designed such that, in response to the signals from the signal processing unit, the operating mode of the downstream luminaire changes when the distance signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum distance value, and / or the distance change signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum distance change value, and / or the angle change signal lies between a predetermined and / or adjustable minimum and maximum angular velocity. [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by that the housing is designed for ceiling and / or wall mounting in an outdoor area, in particular an outdoor area of ​​a building. [3] Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the lighting device is integrated into the housing and / or attached to the housing, preferably detachably. [4] Device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized by Means (30) for temperature detection of the lighting device, which are designed to interact with the control unit such that, in response to a temperature change of a housing area influenced by a lighting operation of the lighting device, in particular the reaching of a temperature threshold, the control unit changes, in particular reduces, an electrical operating power of the lighting device. [5] Device according to claim 4, characterized by , that the lighting device (10) has an LED arrangement as a light source and the affected housing area is a support for the LED arrangement. [6] Device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by that the lighting device has a plurality of light emission surfaces, preferably realized by opposing housing walls and / or housing flat sides. [7] Device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by Means (28) cooperating with the control unit for detecting the time of day and / or ambient brightness, wherein the control operation of the control unit is carried out in response to an output signal of the means for detecting the time of day or ambient brightness. [8] Device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by Setting and / or configuration means (26) which are designed to set and / or change the minimum and / or maximum distance value, the minimum and / or maximum distance change value and / or the minimum and / or maximum angle change rate, further preferably wirelessly and / or designed to operate in a mounting state of the external sensor device. [9] Device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by that the control unit is designed to activate a plurality of spatially spaced and / or wirelessly interconnected lighting devices. [10] Motion sensor-controlled outdoor light comprising the outdoor sensor device according to one of claims 1-9.

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