Tool and hard material element for a tool

Abstract

Tool for working earth, rock or mineral layers, in particular agricultural areas, roads and / or for the extraction of rock and / or minerals, as a protective element for support systems, for the arrangement of hard material elements and / or as a guide element for the direction-guiding use of predominantly flowing earth, rock or mineral layers, wherein the tool has a support (20) which carries at least one hard material element (1) on a working section, wherein the hard material element (1) has a projection (4) which forms a working area, in particular a cutting area (5), characterized by that two legs (2,3) of the hard material element (1) are connected to the working area and are aligned at an angle (α) to each other, and that the legs (2,3) are kept spaced apart from one another via a transition section (12).

Description

The invention relates to a tool with a hard material element which is designed as a cutting, protective and / or guide element, wherein the hard material element is designed, for example, as a cutting element for machining layers of soil, rock or minerals, in particular agricultural surfaces, roads and / or for the mining of rock and / or minerals, as a protective element for carrier systems of agricultural machines, for example ploughs and / or as a guide element for the directional use of predominantly flowing layers of soil, rock or minerals.The invention also relates to a hard material element for use in such a tool.A large number of embodiment variants of hard material elements are known from the prior art, for example for the processing of agricultural surfaces, roads or layers of rock and minerals. For example, DE 20 2009 008 582 U1 discloses a tool for soil working, which is arranged on a carrier and has a cutting region with a cutting edge, wherein a cutting element arranged in the cutting region forms at least a part of the cutting edge. An embodiment of WO 2014 / 026 815 A1 shows a ground working tool for field construction with a cutting element made of hard material. This cutting element has a leg-like connecting part on the front side, to which a shoulder in the form of a clearance surface is connected on the rear side.For such an application, the hard material element should have sufficient toughness so that it does not break under impact-like loads, for example due to an impinging stone. In addition, sufficient hardness is required to reduce abrasive wear. These properties can be achieved by the hard material element being formed from a hard metal, for example.In the embodiment of a hard material element as a protective element, for example, the abrasive attack of a surface material to be removed is to be reduced in the region behind a cutting element of a ploughshare. Since this region is washed out strongly, the result is the lack of a required support for the cutting element, which results in the cutting element being broken down in use.The formation of a hard material element, for example for directional guidance of flowable materials, is known as a guide element, for example in screening technology.It is the object of the invention to provide a tool of the type mentioned at the beginning which enables optimized use of the hard material element as a cutting, protective and / or guide element.It is a further object of the invention to provide such a hard material element for use in a tool of the generic type.According to the invention, the geometry of the hard material element is designed such that it forms a shoulder which is equipped with a working region. The extension is adjoined by two limbs which are at an angle to one another and are held spaced apart from one another via a transition section. With the legs, the connection region between the working region and the carrier can be effectively protected from wear. In particular in these regions, a high abrasive load occurs, which is reliably absorbed by the hard material element. The legs prevent the carrier from washing out in the protected area. The material of the carrier adjoining the hard material element is then only subjected to comparatively slight abrasive loading. This allows a significant tool life extension to be achieved, while the required mass of the expensive hard material is limited to a minimum. The highly loaded working region, in particular the cutting region, is formed by the hard material element and is therefore excellently suitable for absorbing the loads occurring.According to the invention, two legs are connected to the attachment. In this way, the transition region of the carrier adjoining the shoulder can be optimally protected against wear on both sides of the working region. Here, in particular the wear behavior that is usually different on the two sides of the carrier can be taken into account in a cost-optimized manner.The invention can also be used in particular in those applications in which the stress, which originates from the material to be processed, in particular soil material, acts on both sides on the working region.According to a preferred variant of the invention, it can be provided that the legs are held spaced apart from one another via a transition section, and that the transition section is designed as a rounded section or has a rounded section. Notch stresses in the hard material element can be reduced by way of the rounding transitions. With the transition section, relatively thin-walled legs can also be realized, with a simultaneously high material content in the heavily loaded region of the projection. This represents a further wear-optimized design.According to one conceivable variant of the invention, it can be provided that at least one of the legs has a depression and / or an elevation on its outer surface, wherein the depression and / or the elevation merges in particular into the outer surface of the leg at least in regions, preferably continuously. The encapsulant may have a concave shape. The protrusion may have a convex shape. With the accumulation and / or the elevation, the material flow can be controlled subsequent to the working region. In particular, this can implement a design in which the material moved from the working region, in particular the cutting region, is discharged to the outside, so that the connection region between the carrier and the hard material element is relieved of wear.One conceivable variant of the invention is such that the thickness of the leg, measured transversely to the longitudinal extent, changes at least in some regions, preferably tapers from the connection point to the shoulder in the direction of the free end of the leg. This allows a material-optimized design. In this way, a geometry of the hard material element can be realized, in which uniform material wear takes place over the entire service life in an optimized manner. This takes into account the idea that the hard material wears more strongly in the working region than, for example, in the region of the free ends of the legs. For uniform wear, for example in an agricultural soil working tool, it will therefore be sufficient to make the free ends of the legs thinner than the shoulder.A tool according to the invention can be such that at least one of the legs has, in the region of its free end, an end surface which is located opposite a support surface of the carrier in order to form a stop. In this way, the hard material element can be aligned in a defined manner on the carrier. This enables an accurate and dimensionally accurate fixing of the hard material element on the carrier.Within the scope of the invention, the hard material element can be formed in particular by a hard metal or can comprise a hard metal material. Usually, the hard metal is soldered to the carrier. Within the scope of the invention, it is particularly advantageous if both legs are supported with respect to the carrier by means of brazing material. In particular, the legs should be gripped from behind over the entire surface with brazing material in order to produce a stable fastening which is in particular insensitive to impact-like loads.A further load-optimized construction can be achieved, for example, in that the legs have a different extension in the longitudinal direction of the legs starting from their connection point to the shoulder.According to the invention, it can be provided that the working region forms a cutting edge of the cutting region or that the working region forms a displacement edge which, in particular, merges indirectly or directly via rounded transition regions into the outer surfaces of the limbs. If a displacement edge is used, the material to be processed can be displaced in a blunt and large area. The transition regions, which are formed by rounded sections, prevent the generation of hair cracks, which can rapidly propagate to fracture cracks, in particular when hard material impinges on the hard material element. When using a cutting edge, on the other hand, a defined cut of the material can take place in favor of a low tensile force requirement.A possible variant of the invention can be such that at least one of the legs is inserted at least in regions into a recess of the carrier. The accommodation of the leg in the recess enables a precisely fitting production and alignment of the hard material element. During operation, the material at least partially covering the leg can be abraded from the material sliding past until the leg is released. The full protective effect of the leg then develops.It is also conceivable that at least one of the legs forms a step on its outer surface. This can be used, for example, as a guide edge for material flowing past or as a stop with respect to the carrier.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is such that the carrier has a relief element for reducing the component rigidity in the region of the hard material element, in particular has a recess. The load relief element specifically reduces the strength of the carrier. If the hard material element is connected to the carrier, for example soldered, component stresses arise due to the production process, due to different thermal expansion coefficients. In order that these component stresses are not introduced, or are introduced only slightly, into the brittle material of the hard material element of the hard material element, the relief element is used. This relief element at least partially absorbs the expansion and thus guarantees a secure fastening of the hard material element.As already mentioned above, the invention can significantly reduce the wash-out effect as a result of the abrasive attack of the removed material on the carrier surface of a tool, for example a ploughshare or a scrubber tip or the like agricultural soil working tool.A further improvement can be achieved if it is provided that the hard material element is formed in one piece of material. This additionally leads to a marked increase in service life. In addition, for example, the service lives of a hard material element as a cutting element and a carrier can be matched to one another.If, in addition, a carrier has a receptacle for the cutting element in its cutting region, the cutting element can advantageously be fastened in a materially integral manner. In addition, the legs can assume the function of a deflection surface, which preferably merge flush with the surface of the carrier. This makes it possible to ensure good outflow of the material to be removed. The hard material element according to the invention can be soldered or glued to a carrier, for example. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.The following are shown: FIG. 1 is a side view of a hard material element; FIG. 2 : a perspective view from above of the cutting element according to FIG. 1 ; FIG. 3 : a perspective view from below of the cutting element according to FIG. 1 ; FIGS. 4-12 show, in side view, different embodiments of a tool with a carrier and a hard material element; FIGS. 13 and 14 show tools in which the carrier has a relief element, FIGS. 16-19 are partly in perspective and partly in side view tools with multi-part hard material elements; FIG. 20 : a tool with a carrier and a hard material element, wherein a sliding guide is formed between the carrier and the hard material element; FIGS. 21-24 show further embodiments of tools in which a relief element is used; and FIG. 25 : shows a carrier of a tool with a structured surface in side view.FIG. 1 shows a side view of a hard material element 1 according to the invention, wherein the exemplary embodiment of the hard material element 1 shown here is designed as a cutting element for a share tip of a ploughshare, a scrubber tip or the like agricultural soil working tool and can be arranged in the cutting region of the soil working tool by means of an adhesive connection or a soldered connection.In the exemplary embodiment shown here according to FIG. 1, the hard material element 1 is formed in one piece of material. The hard material element 1 has two limbs 2, 3 spaced apart from one another at an angle, wherein their outer surfaces 6, 7 form an angle α which is between 0.1° and 180°. The inner surfaces 8, 9 of the legs 2, 3 are spaced apart from one another at an angle β which is equal to or unequal to the angle α. This defines the thickness of the legs 2, 3, which is to be designed to be variable depending on the application.Formed onto the two legs 2, 3 is a shoulder 4 which forms the cutting region 5 of the hard material element 1. The hard material element 1 is moved in the feed direction V during operation as a cutting element in order to carry out the intended cutting or separating of the material.The outer surface 6 of the leg 2 in the cutting region 5 merges almost smoothly into the outer surface 7 of the leg 3 and has a round, a sharp-edged or polygonal course.In addition, it can be provided that the surfaces of the hard material element 1 have an increased surface roughness by means of surface processing in order to form an improved hard solder connection or adhesive connection between the surfaces in the multipart embodiment of the hard material element 1.In a further exemplary embodiment, not shown here, of the hard material element 1 according to the invention, the hard material element 1 is formed in a multipart design, wherein the hard material element 1 can be joined together to form the hard material element 1 according to the invention, for example, by means of joining to one another by an adhesive bond or brazing bond at a separating surface 10.FIGS. 2 and 3 show a hard material element 1 according to the invention in a perspective view from above or below, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements or components.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the two legs 2, 3 are integrally formed on the attachment 4. The legs 2, 3 are arranged spaced apart from one another via a transition section 12. The transition section 12 is formed by the attachment 4. As in the exemplary embodiment shown, the transition section 12 can have a rectilinear region which merges via rounded transitions into the inner surfaces 8, 9 of the limbs 2, 3.FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment variant of a tool according to the invention. As can be seen from this illustration, the tool has an end piece 22. The end piece 22 can be tongue-shaped. In the region of the end piece 22, the hard material element 1 is fastened, in particular soldered or bonded. The end piece 22 forms two fastening surfaces 21, 23, which can be set relative to one another in a manner corresponding to the angle β which is enclosed between the legs 2, 3. In the region of the upper side of the end piece 22, a support surface 24 is formed. The hard material element 1 is supported indirectly or directly with respect to the support surface 24 by a terminating surface 11. The end surface 11 can be formed by the left-hand end of the leg 2. As the drawing illustrates, the inner surfaces 8 and 9 are at an angle β to each other, whereas the outer surfaces 6, 7 are at an angle α to each other. As mentioned above, the angle α may deviate from the angle β. Therefore, a varying thickness of the legs 2, 3 results in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the legs 2, 3. According to the invention, the thickness can either increase, as is the case for the leg 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown, for example, or the thickness can decrease, as leg 3 illustrates. For fastening the hard material element 1, a cohesive connection can be used, as stated. In this case, it is preferably the case that the limbs 2, 3 are supported on the fastening surfaces 21, 23 over a large area, preferably over the full area, on their inner surfaces 8, 9, with the aid of the material substance to substance. Furthermore, it can also be provided that the transition section 12 is supported with the aid of the material-bonded connecting material with respect to the free end of the end piece 22.In Figs. 5-25 variations of a tool are shown which represent modifications to the tool of Fig. 4. In principle, the design of these tools corresponds, which is why only the differences will be discussed below and reference will be made to the above explanations otherwise.As FIG. 5 shows, one of the legs 2, 3 can have an elevation. In the present case, a convex elevation is provided on the upper limb 2. This extends at least in regions over the outer surface 6 of the leg 2.As FIG. 6 shows, a depression can also be provided on the outer surface 6 or 7 of the legs 2 or 3. In the present embodiment, a concave bead is used on the upper leg 2.As FIG. 7 shows, different leg lengths can also be realized on the legs 2, 3.FIG. 8 illustrates that one of the legs 2 or 3 can also have a shoulder 13. The leg 2 or 3 has, following the shoulder 13, an end piece 22 which is inserted into a recess 25 of the end piece 22. The shoulder 13 can be accommodated in the recess 25 by means of a materially integral connection. Below the shoulder 13, the end piece 22 forms a projection 26 which partially covers the leg 2, 3 on its outer surface 6 or 7. This configuration, like the interaction between the supporting surface 24 and the end surface 11, enables exact alignment of the hard material element 1 with respect to the end piece 22.As FIG. 9 shows, the hard material element 1 can also form a displacement edge in the working region 5, wherein the displacement edge is formed by the shoulder 4. The displacement edge merges via transition regions 5.1, 5.2, which represent rounded regions, into the outer surfaces 6, 7 of the legs 2, 3.FIG. 10 again shows a tool with a displacement edge, wherein the displacement edge merges via the transition regions 5.1, 5.2 in a rounded manner into the outer surfaces 6, 7. The hard material element 1 according to FIG. 10 is designed in the form of a shoe which has relatively short lengths of the legs 2, 3.FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention. As this illustration shows, the hard material element 1 essentially has the geometry according to FIGS. 1-3, wherein, however, the leg 3 is shorter than the leg 2. the leg 3 is inserted into a recess 25 of the end piece 22. The outer surface 7 of the leg 3 is partially or completely covered by a projection 26 of the end piece 22. In the recess 25, the leg 3 and optionally also the shoulder 4 can be coupled to the end piece 22 by means of the material-bonded connection material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, different leg lengths are shown. It is however also conceivable for the legs 2, 3 to have the same length. It is also conceivable that additionally or alternatively the upper leg 2 is also accommodated in a corresponding recess of the end piece 22. During the operating use, the projection 26 can continuously grind off at least in regions, so that the leg 3 is increasingly exposed. It can then fully develop its protective effect. With such a tool configuration, an optimal alignment of the hard material element 1 with respect to the end piece 22 can furthermore be achieved.FIG. 12 shows a tool in which the hard material element 1 is inserted with both legs 2, 3 into a respective recess 25. Again, shoulders 13 are provided on the legs 2, 3 and are covered by projections 26. Here too, the legs 2, 3 can be fastened in the recesses 25 to the end piece 22 by means of material-bonded connecting material. The outer surfaces 6, 7 of the projection 4 and or the legs 2 or 3 can be formed with a convex or, as in the present case, concave geometry at least in regions. In this way, the material flow can be influenced. In the present exemplary embodiment, concave geometries are used which, in the form of deflector surfaces, guide the material away from the connection point between the hard material element 1 and the end piece 22.FIG. 13 shows an embodiment variant of a tool in which, for example, the hard material element 1 according to FIGS. 1-3 is used. As this illustration shows, the end piece 22 can be designed with a relief element 27. The relief element 27 is introduced into the end piece 22 in the present case as a slot-shaped recess. The relief element 27 reduces the rigidity of the end piece 22. This has advantages in particular when the hard material element 1 is fastened to the end piece 22 by means of a solder connection. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients, internal component stresses arise during soldering. Since the hard material element 1, which can consist of hard metal for example, has a different coefficient of expansion than the end piece 22, internal component stresses could arise in the hard material element 1, which can lead to premature component failure if, in particular, hard impacts act on the hard material element 1. The internal component stresses on the hard material element 1 are significantly reduced by the relief element 27, which leads to reliable operating mode even in rough use.FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment variant for a relief element 27, which is introduced again as a recess into the end piece 22. The recess extends, similar to FIG. 13, slot-shaped from the free end of the end piece 22 into the end piece 22. At the base of the end piece 22, there is an extension of the recess, which further reduces the rigidity.As FIG. 15 shows, the hard material element 1 does not have to be formed in one piece. It is rather also conceivable for the hard material element 1 to be formed in multiple parts. For example, the attachment 4 can be formed by a first hard material part to which the legs 2, 3 are attached as separate components. The legs 2, 3 can be fastened to the attachment piece 4 via material connections. A soldered or adhesive connection is again suitable as a material-bonded connection, for example.FIG. 16 shows a further design variant of a multi-part hard material element 1. in principle this design corresponds to the design according to FIG. 15, for which reason reference can be made to the above explanations. The hard material element 1 according to FIG. 16 differs from that according to FIG. 15 with regard to the design of the projection 4.FIG. 17 shows an embodiment of a multi-part hard material element 1, in which the shoulder 4 and the leg 2 are integrally connected to one another. The further leg 3 can be coupled to the attachment 4, for example, via a cohesive connection, in particular a solder connection.FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment of a multi-part hard material element 1, wherein the shoulder 4 is provided with concave shaped surfaces in the region of its outer sides. In addition, the shoulder 4 has on its side facing the legs 2, 3 a projection 4.1, which can be accommodated in a materially integral manner in a recess of the end piece 22. This achieves an improved retention of the projection 4 on the end piece 22. The legs 2, 3 of a hard material element 1 formed in multiple parts do not both have to be of equal length. Rather, they can also have different extents in the limb longitudinal direction, as illustrated in FIG. 18.FIG. 19 shows a further variant of a multi-part hard material element 1. in this hard material element 1, the outer surfaces of the projection 4 are designed with convex geometry in order to be able to influence the transport behavior of the removed material.FIG. 20 shows a further embodiment variant of a tool according to the invention. As this illustration shows, the carrier 20 has lateral guides, in particular longitudinal guides, in the region of its end piece 22, which extend transversely with respect to the longitudinal extent of the end piece 22. These guides form sliding seats for the hard material element 1. the hard material element 1 can accordingly likewise have guides on the legs 2, 3 on the associated region. The hard material element 1 can thus be slid laterally onto the end piece 22. Using a cohesive connection, the final fixing of the hard material element 1 to the end piece 22 can then take place. The material connection can then also run as far as into the region of the guides.FIGS. 21-25 show further embodiments of relief elements 27 in the region of the end piece 22, the relief elements 27 can be designed, for example, in the form of bores which are introduced laterally into the end piece 22, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. The bores can be provided on the end piece 22 in the region of the ends of the legs 2, 3, in order to achieve a high reduction in the rigidity here. It is also conceivable for the relief elements 27 to be introduced into the end piece 22 in the form of slot-shaped recesses or apertures, as shown in FIG. 23. FIG. 24 shows the slot-shaped relief element 27 shown in FIG. 13, In addition, relief elements 27 can also be provided, which are introduced laterally into the end piece 22. These relief elements 27 are again designed as recesses.FIG. 25 shows that the fastening surfaces 21, 23 facing the legs 2, 3 of the hard material element 1 can also be configured with structure sections 21.1 and 23.1. These structural sections 21.1, 23.1 can be designed as recesses or elevations. In the same way or alternatively, the inner surfaces 8, 9 of the legs 2, 3 can also be formed with structural sections. These structural sections serve to improve the strength of the material-bonded use.

Claims

Tool for machining layers of earth, rock or minerals, in particular agricultural surfaces, roads and / or for the mining of rock and / or minerals, as a protective element for carrier systems, for the arrangement of hard material elements and / or as a guide element for the directional use of predominantly flowing layers of earth, rock or minerals, wherein the tool has a carrier (20) which carries at least one hard material element (1) on a working section, wherein the hard material element (1) has a shoulder (4) which forms a working region, in particular a cutting region (5), characterized in that two limbs (2, 3) of the hard material element (1) are connected to the working region, which limbs are aligned with respect to one another at an angle (α), and in that the limbs (2, 3) are held spaced apart from one another via a transition section (12).Tool according to claim 1, characterised in that the transition section (12) is formed as a rounded portion or has a rounded portion, wherein it can be provided in particular that the transition section (12) is formed by the shoulder (4).Tool according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one of the legs (2, 3) has a depression and / or an elevation on its outer surface (6), wherein the depression or the elevation merges in particular into the outer surface (6) of the leg (2, 3) preferably continuously at least in regions.Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the thickness of the limb (2, 3), measured transversely to the longitudinal extent of the limb (2, 3), changes at least in regions, preferably tapers or widens from the connection point to the attachment (4) in the direction of the free end of the limb (2, 3).Tool according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the limbs (2, 3) has, in the region of its free end, an end face (11) which is situated opposite a supporting face (24) of the carrier (20) in order to form a stop.Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the limbs (2, 3), starting from their point of attachment to the attachment (4), have a different extent in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the limbs (2, 3)Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the working region forms a cutting edge of the cutting region (5), or in that the working region forms a displacement edge which merges indirectly or directly into the outer surfaces (6, 7) of the limbs (2, 3) in particular via rounded transition regions (5.1, 5.2).Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 7, characterized in that at least one of the limbs (2, 3) is inserted into a recess (25) in the carrier (20), and / or in that at least one of the limbs (2, 3) forms a step on its outer surface (6, 7)Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the carrier (20) has a relief element (27) for reducing the component rigidity in the region of the hard material element (1), in particular forms a recess as a relief element.Tool according to one of Claims 1 - 9, characterized in that at least one of the limbs (2, 3) is coupled to the attachment piece (4), preferably via a cohesive connection.

Images