Commissioning procedure and use of a commissioning device for air conditioning systems

Abstract

Commissioning method for air conditioning systems of a building (2), wherein the air conditioning system comprises at least one heat generator (3) and / or one cold generator, at least one storage device (4) for storing thermal energy, one or more energy distribution lines (11), one or more emission points (6, 7) for emitting the thermal energy in the building (2), an air conditioning control unit (15) for recording air conditioning measurement data and for controlling the thermal energy generation and distribution in the building (2), as well as a ventilation system (5) and one or more ventilation distribution lines (12) coupled thereto, wherein setting parameters of individual components of the air conditioning system and coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another are determined on the basis of building model data, weather and climate forecast data and load profile forecast data of the individual components of the air conditioning system by simulated,iterative change of the setting and tuning parameters and a subsequent calculation of the overall system efficiency are calculated and optimized auto-adaptively, wherein the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the tuning parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other are further calculated and optimized auto-adaptively on the basis of flow forecast data of the air movements in the ventilation distribution lines (12), characterized in that the weather and climate forecast data stored in a weather and climate database (1.9) for the respective building location comprise known weather and climate data, and wherein the load profile forecast data are stored as standardized load profiles of all individual components for full and partial load operation and their energy efficiency during the respective load profile in a load database (1.10).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a commissioning method and the use of a commissioning device for optimizing the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, in particular of complex air conditioning building installations with a large number of individual components.

[0002] To date, complex air conditioning systems have mostly been commissioned manually, meaning that the setting parameters of the individual components and their coordination with each other at system start-up are based on empirical values ​​and / or with the aid of selective efficiency measurements. Computer-assisted optimization in these commissioning procedures is limited to monitoring the commissioning and determining energy efficiency at a specific operating point, including energy cost optimization of networked individual components.

[0003] The optimization of individual components of air conditioning systems is also known. For example, DE 10 2014 104 709 A1 describes a method for commissioning a refrigeration system, although this method focuses on filling the refrigeration system with refrigerant; optimization through coordination with other individual components of a more complex air conditioning system is not provided for.

[0004] DE 100 13 447 C1 discloses a method for controlling the climate in a weather-dependent building or facility area, whereby weather forecast data is automatically retrieved from a regional weather station. Furthermore, load data profiles are stored, in which known internal influencing factors are stored. Based on the weather forecast data and the load data profiles, control data is calculated for controlling air conditioning units located in the building or facility area.

[0005] JP 2011- 214 794 A describes a control device for air conditioning systems that is capable of automatically creating a model that can be adapted to each building.

[0006] This is achieved by learning the physical parameters of a versatile building model. The control system comprises several components: a unit for collecting operating data from the air conditioning system, a unit for collecting weather data, and a learning unit that determines the physical parameters of the building model based on a heat conduction equation model.

[0007] US 2013 / 0 035 794 A1 discloses a method and system for controlling building energy consumption, which is used to plan, retrofit, and manage the operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, as well as hot water systems, to minimize energy consumption. The system is based on a software-supported solution for the continuous commissioning of mechanical systems in buildings. It uses both standardized and advanced fluid dynamics models that analyze air circulation, cooling, heating, and hot water systems.

[0008] A disadvantage of the existing commissioning devices and procedures is that optimization, if at all, only occurs at selected operating points, resulting in energy efficiency deficits in the overall load profile, especially during other operating conditions. Furthermore, in the case of measurement-data-supported commissioning, the system efficiency is only tailored to the conditions at the time of commissioning and not to the changing weather and climatic conditions during the entire operating period.

[0009] The object of the invention is to provide a commissioning device and a commissioning method for complex air conditioning systems comprising various individual components, including generators, storage devices, distributors and emission points, which make it possible to optimize the energy efficiency of the air conditioning system over the entire operating period, ie for all expected operating points, regardless of the weather conditions prevailing at the time of commissioning.

[0010] This object is achieved by a commissioning method or the use of a commissioning device having the characterizing features according to claim 1 and claim 5; expedient developments of the invention are described in claims 2 to 4 and 6 to 9, respectively.

[0011] The commissioning device for an air conditioning system proposed within the scope of the invention comprises, in addition to an interface to a central air conditioning control unit of the air conditioning system, a building model database, a weather and climate database, a load database and a data processing unit with an internal buffer.

[0012] The air conditioning system installed in a building, for whose commissioning the commissioning device is intended, comprises, as individual components or subsystems, at least one heat generator and / or one cold generator, at least one storage unit for storing thermal energy, one or more energy distribution lines, and one or more emission points for emitting thermal energy within the building. These individual components are networked with the air conditioning control unit. The individual components can be controlled via actuators assigned to or integrated into the respective individual components.

[0013] The central air conditioning control unit of the air conditioning system in turn has a control unit for controlling the thermal energy supply and distribution in the building as well as a control database for storing setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system and the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other.

[0014] In addition, the air conditioning control unit can have at least one data acquisition unit that is connected to sensors distributed in and around the building and with the help of which air conditioning data, such as temperature, air pressure, concentrations of water vapor, carbon dioxide and / or aerosols as well as volume and energy flows, can be recorded.

[0015] According to the invention, the data processing unit of the commissioning device is designed to calculate and optimise auto-adaptively, i.e. automatically without external intervention, after connection to the air conditioning control unit of the air conditioning system, the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system and the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another on the basis of building model data provided from the building model database, weather and climate forecast data provided from the weather and climate database and load profile forecast data of the individual components of the air conditioning system provided from the load database.

[0016] The interface to the air conditioning control unit of the air conditioning system, i.e. the interface to the technical building equipment (TGA for short), can be implemented either via a data transmission line or wirelessly, for example via Ethernet, Wi-Fi, USB or via a commercially available bus system.

[0017] The building model database contains all relevant building data in a standardized, digital format, including information on the types and types of individual components of the air conditioning system and their technological parameters. This form of building information modeling is commonly known as Building Information Modeling (BIM).

[0018] The weather and climate forecast data stored in the weather and climate database includes the known weather and climate data for the respective building location where the air conditioning system is installed.

[0019] Standardized load profiles of all individual components for full and partial load operation and their energy efficiency during the respective load profile are stored in the load database as load profile forecast data.

[0020] According to the commissioning method according to the invention, the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system, as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other, are automatically calculated and optimized based on the building model data, the weather and climate forecast data, and the load profile forecast data of the individual components of the air conditioning system. For this purpose, the factory-programmed setting and coordination parameters are first read from the control database of the central air conditioning control unit and stored in the buffer memory of the data processing unit of the commissioning device. Based on the building model data, the weather and climate forecast data, and the load profile forecast data, the energy efficiency of the entire system is calculated under various load conditions and over the entire operating period.The optimized setting and tuning parameters are determined through simulated, iterative changes to the setting and tuning parameters, followed by a subsequent calculation of the overall system efficiency. After parameter optimization is complete, these parameters are transferred to the control database of the HVAC control unit. The HVAC system can now be commissioned with the optimized setting parameters of the individual components and the optimized tuning parameters between the individual components.

[0021] One of the advantages of the commissioning device and commissioning procedure for complex air conditioning systems is that their optimization is independent of the weather conditions prevailing at the time of commissioning. System optimization is not limited to the time of commissioning but encompasses all external conditions – taking into account partial and full load times – throughout the entire operating period. This allows the adjustment parameters of the individual components and the coordination parameters among them to be adjusted for the best possible overall efficiency for the specific air conditioning system and its location.

[0022] Autoadaptive, computer-aided parameter optimization ensures high-quality commissioning of complex air conditioning systems without the need for time-consuming manual device adjustments. This results in significant time and cost savings compared to the state-of-the-art manual commissioning of air conditioning systems.

[0023] A further advantage of the commissioning device is that it can be used not only temporarily, but also permanently to support the control and regulation of the air conditioning system. This is particularly useful in the event of system errors, partial system failures, or the subsequent reinstallation of additional individual components. The permanent, but also regularly repeated, use of the commissioning device then allows for re-optimization in light of changes in the system.

[0024] Preferably, the commissioning device has an interface for monitoring and / or data visualization, i.e. display or signaling devices can be connected via this interface so that process data can be displayed numerically or graphically for the user in real time.

[0025] A touchscreen display can be integrated into the commissioning device for operation. This is particularly suitable for a portable commissioning device, for example, housed in a housing or case, which can be used universally at various system locations.

[0026] For fixed installations, however, the more compact version of the commissioning device is intended, which is suitable for DIN rail mounting and suitable for control cabinets.

[0027] Furthermore, the commissioning device can have one or more analog and / or digital inputs and / or analog and / or digital outputs. These inputs can be used to connect additional sensors temporarily installed during commissioning to collect HVAC data. The outputs are used to connect external control and regulation systems to the commissioning device. The sensors / additional sensors or the individual components of the HVAC system can also be connected directly to the inputs and outputs of the commissioning device, bypassing the central HVAC control unit, and the setting parameters can be transferred between the commissioning device and the respective individual components.

[0028] In addition to the setting and tuning parameters, the current climate data of the sensors permanently installed in the building and / or the temporarily installed additional sensors can be transmitted and stored in the buffer of the data processing unit, so that this data can also be used for optimization purposes during commissioning.

[0029] According to the invention, the commissioning device has a flow database for providing flow forecast data of the air movements in the building and the data processing unit is further designed to carry out the auto-adaptive calculation and optimization of the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other, taking into account the flow forecast data of the air movements in the building.

[0030] The air conditioning system comprises a ventilation system and one or more ventilation distribution lines coupled to it, whereby the flow database additionally or alternatively contains flow forecast data of the air movements in the ventilation distribution lines, on the basis of which the auto-adaptive parameter optimization takes place.

[0031] The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments and with reference to the schematic drawings. Fig. 1: the commissioning device as a portable version in the front view, Fig. 2: the commissioning device as a stationary version in the front view, Fig. 3: the commissioning device when commissioning a complex air conditioning system, and Fig. 4: the data flows during operation of the commissioning device or during the commissioning procedure.

[0032] The commissioning device 1 according to the Fig. 1 has the interface 1.1 for connection to the central air conditioning control unit 15 of building 2 (cf. Fig. 3), the interface 1.2 for connecting monitoring and / or data visualization devices, the power supply connection 1.3, the digital inputs 1.4 and the digital outputs 1.5 as well as the touch-sensitive display 1.6 for user interaction.

[0033] The portable version of the commissioning device 1 according to the Fig. 1 is installed in a housing (not shown), preferably in a measuring case, and is intended for temporary use during commissioning of air conditioning systems.

[0034] The commissioning device 1 according to the Fig. 2, in contrast, is designed for control cabinet mounting on DIN rails and is intended for permanent installation. The design with regard to interfaces and connections corresponds to the version according to Fig. 1, but has a smaller size compared to this due to the omission of the display 1.6.

[0035] The Fig. Figure 3 visualizes a complex air conditioning system during commissioning using the commissioning device 1. The commissioning device 1 is connected via the data transmission line 10 to the central air conditioning control unit 15, via which all other individual components of the air conditioning system in building 2 are networked. The individual components include the heat generator 3, the storage unit 4 for intermediate storage of thermal energy, the ventilation system 5, the energy distribution lines 11, the ventilation distribution lines 12, as well as the emission points 6 for room heating and the emission points 7 for room ventilation.

[0036] The air conditioning measurement data is acquired via the permanently installed sensors 9 or via the additional sensors 9.1 temporarily installed for commissioning. The sensors 9 are connected to the data acquisition unit 15.1 of the central air conditioning control unit 15 via the sensor lines 13. The additional sensors 9.1 are directly connected to the commissioning device 1 via the sensor lines 13.

[0037] The individual components of the air conditioning system are controlled via the actuators 8 of the respective individual components by means of the control unit 15.2 of the air conditioning control unit 15. The control unit 15.2 is connected to the respective actuators 8 via the actuator lines 14.

[0038] The setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other are stored in the control database 15.3 of the central air conditioning control unit 15 and are optimized during commissioning.

[0039] For better understanding, the Fig. 3 on the right edge of the image the legend for the representation of recurring image elements.

[0040] According to the Fig. 4 When the air conditioning system is commissioned, the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system are transferred from the air conditioning control unit 15 via the interface 1.1 to the data processing unit 1.7. Taking into account the building model data stored in the building model database 1.8, the weather and climate forecast data stored in the weather and climate database 1.9, the load profile forecast data stored in the load database 1.10, and the flow forecast data of the air movements in building 2 and in the ventilation distribution lines 12 stored in the flow database 1.11, the energy efficiency of the air conditioning system is calculated and the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system are optimized.Their transmission takes place via the interface 1.1 to the central air conditioning control unit 15, where they are stored in the control database 15.3 (see . Fig. 3) are deposited.

[0041] The touchscreen display 1.6 is used to operate the commissioning device 1 as well as for monitoring and data visualization. List of reference symbols used 1 commissioning device 1.1 Interface to the building's air conditioning control unit 1.2 Interface for monitoring and / or data visualization 1.3 Power supply connection 1.4 analog and digital inputs 1.5 analog and digital outputs 1.6 Display / Touchscreen 1.7 Data processing unit 1.8 Building model database 1.9 Weather and climate database 1.10 Load database 1.11 Flow database 2 buildings 3 heat generators 4 storage 5 Ventilation system 6 emission points for room heating 7 emission points for room ventilation 8 actuators for controlling the individual climate components 9 sensors 9.1 Additional sensor 10 Data transmission line 11 power distribution lines 12 ventilation distribution lines 13 sensor lines 14 actuator lines 15 Air conditioning control unit 15.1 Data acquisition unit 15.2 Control unit 15.3 Tax database

Claims

[1] Commissioning method for air conditioning systems of a building (2), wherein the air conditioning system comprises at least one heat generator (3) and / or one cold generator, at least one storage device (4) for storing thermal energy, one or more energy distribution lines (11), one or more emission points (6, 7) for emitting the thermal energy in the building (2), an air conditioning control unit (15) for recording air conditioning measurement data and for controlling the thermal energy generation and distribution in the building (2), as well as a ventilation system (5) and one or more ventilation distribution lines (12) coupled thereto, wherein setting parameters of individual components of the air conditioning system and coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another are determined on the basis of building model data,weather and climate forecast data and load profile forecast data of the individual components of the air conditioning system are calculated and optimized autoadaptively by simulated, iterative changes to the setting and tuning parameters and a subsequent calculation of the overall system efficiency, wherein the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system and the tuning parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system among each other are further calculated and optimized autoadaptively on the basis of flow forecast data of the air movements in the ventilation distribution lines (12), , characterized bythat the weather and climate forecast data stored in a weather and climate database (1.9) for the respective building location comprise known weather and climate data, and wherein the load profile forecast data are stored in a load database (1.10) as standardized load profiles of all individual components for full and partial load operation and their energy efficiency during the respective load profile. [2] Commissioning method according to claim 1, characterized by that the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other are also calculated and optimized auto-adaptively on the basis of flow forecast data of the air movements in the building (2). [3] Commissioning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other are also calculated and optimized auto-adaptively on the basis of air conditioning measurement data which are recorded by means of one or more sensors (9) permanently installed in or on the building (2). [4] Commissioning method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with each other are also calculated and optimized auto-adaptively on the basis of air conditioning measurement data which are recorded by means of one or more additional sensors (9.1) temporarily installed in or on the building (2) for commissioning. [5] Use of a commissioning device (1) for air conditioning systems of a building (2) for carrying out the commissioning method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air conditioning system comprises at least one heat generator (3) and / or one cold generator, at least one storage device (4) for storing thermal energy, one or more energy distribution lines (11), one or more emission points (6, 7) for emitting the thermal energy in the building (2) and a central air conditioning control unit (15) for recording air conditioning measurement data and for controlling the thermal energy generation and distribution in the building (2), characterized bythat the commissioning device (1) has an interface (1.1) to the central air conditioning control unit (15) of the building (2), a building model database (1.8) for providing building model data, a weather and climate database (1.9) for providing weather and climate forecast data, a load database (1.10) for providing load profile forecast data of the individual components of the air conditioning system and a data processing unit (1.7) for the auto-adaptive calculation and optimization of the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system and the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another on the basis of the building model data, the weather and climate forecast data and the load profile forecast data. [6] Use of a commissioning device (1) according to claim 5, characterized bythat the commissioning device (1) has a flow database (1.11) for providing flow forecast data of the air movements in the building (2) and the data processing unit (1.7) is further designed to carry out the auto-adaptive calculation and optimization of the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another, taking into account the flow forecast data of the air movements in the building (2). [7] Use of a commissioning device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the air conditioning system of the building (2) further comprises a ventilation system (5) and one or more ventilation distribution lines (12) coupled thereto, characterized bythat the flow database (1.11) comprises flow forecast data in the ventilation distribution lines (12) and the data processing unit (1.7) is further designed to carry out the auto-adaptive calculation and optimization of the setting parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system as well as the coordination parameters of the individual components of the air conditioning system with one another, taking into account the flow forecast data of the air movements in the ventilation distribution lines (12). [8] Use of a commissioning device (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized by that it further comprises one or more analogue and / or digital inputs (1.4) for connecting additional sensors (9.1) during commissioning of the air conditioning system. [9] Use of a commissioning device (1) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized bythat it further comprises one or more analogue and / or digital outputs (1.5) for external control and regulation systems.

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