Elastomer bearings

Abstract

Elastomeric bearing with a spring body (1), at least partially made of elastomeric material, which is fixed between an inner support body (3) and an outer support body (2), the one of which surrounds the other and between which a further support body (4, 5) adjoins the spring body (1) in the axial direction, on each of its sides, wherein the spring body (1) has a trough-shaped cross-section in the axial direction with a trough width increasing radially from the inner to the outer support body (3, 2), wherein at least one cavity as a trough (9) is provided in the spring body (1) symmetrically to a central transverse plane (8) of the spring body (1) from the outer circumference of the elastomeric bearing and wherein the further support bodies (4, 5) support the spring body (1) at its outer lateral trough edge (15, 15') and the outer support body (2) supports the spring body (1) at the upper surfaces (14,14') and the inner support body (3) support the spring body (1) on the base of the trough (13) and that the spring body (1) has reinforcing inserts (11, 11') made of plastic or metal, characterized in that the reinforcing inserts (11, 11') are rings coated with the elastomer material of the spring body (1), wherein a further reinforcing insert (12) in the spring body (1) on the base of the trough (13), directed towards the outer support body (2), has an outer surface that is at least partially spherically or conically shaped, on which the lateral rims (6, 7) of the spring body (1) are supported at least over a part of their thickness such that each lateral rim (6, 7) is perpendicular to the outer surface.

Description

The invention relates to an elastomer bearing, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of the first claim.Elastomer bearings are located, for example, in the connection of a chassis part, transmission part or engine part to the vehicle body. They are known in a wide variety of embodiments. They allow relative movements between their connection points.DE 10 2014 224 602 A1 shows an example for this purpose. The elastomer bearing consists of a first bearing part on the assembly side or chassis side and a second bearing part on the chassis side, which are connected to one another by a vibration-damping element, a bearing body designed as an elastomer spring, by means of which vibrations introduced into the elastomer bearing are damped. Stop elements are attached to the first and to the second bearing part, which limit the spring travel of the bearing body in one or more movement directions, in that a clearance travel of the bearing body is determined by a distance of stop surfaces of the stop elements from one another in the respective movement direction. The elastomer bearing is characterized in that, at least in one direction of movement, the restriction of the spring travel can be adapted to the preload present in this direction during operation of the bearing, in that the distance of one of the stop elements from its corresponding stop surface can be changed. As a result, the same bearing can always be operated at the provided best operating point for different preloads, as regards the compression or rebound travel, which optimizes comfort and driving properties.In Her chassis Handbook, 4th edition 2013, Springer Vieweg, ISBN 978-3-658-01991-4, the Hoting, Ersoy and Gies editors on page 263 describe that a prestress is necessary for a long service life of a rubber bearing.In addition to this type of elastomer bearing, in which only the elastomer material of the spring body compensates for vibration paths introduced due to its elasticity and dampens vibrations, so-called hydraulic bearings or hydraulic bushes are also known, with which a stronger damping can be provided than can be achieved with a pure elastomer damping. Here, hydraulic damping work is performed by liquids flowing between chambers and energy introduced into the hydraulic bearing or into the hydraulic bushing is thereby dissipated and not only stored for a short time and discharged again, as in the pure elastomer bearing. Such hydraulic bearings or hydraulic bushes are described in the patent property publications DE 10 2015 224 149 A1, DE 10 2007 044 667 A1 and DE 10 2006 052 918 A1.The former has the object that a dynamic rigidity behavior of the bushing can be predefined by changing the length of a hydraulic connecting channel. The second provides a hydraulic bushing bearing with increased durability even at high operating temperatures and the latter improves a hydraulic bearing in that the load on the chamber wall is reduced during operation of the bearing.The object of the present invention is, in contrast, to provide a bearing with pure elastomer damping, with which it is possible to generate identical stiffnesses in all three spatial directions and with which it is possible to influence the dynamic stiffness at high frequency. In addition, the elastomer bearing is to be produced inexpensively and is to be of simple construction.The object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims.According to the invention, an elastomer bearing is provided with a spring body, at least partially made of elastomer material, wherein the spring body is fastened between an inner support body and an outer support body, one of which surrounds the other and between which a further support body adjoins the spring body in the axial direction, on each of its sides, wherein the spring body has in the axial direction a trough-shaped cross section with a trough width in the axial direction increasing radially from the inner support body toward the outer support body, wherein, from the outer periphery of the elastomer bearing, it is symmetrical to a central transverse plane of the spring body, At least one cavity is present as a trough in the spring body, and in that the further supporting bodies support the spring body on its outer lateral trough edge and the outer supporting body support the spring body on the trough top sides and the inner supporting body support the spring body on the trough base, and in that the spring body has reinforcing inserts made of plastic or metal, characterized in that the reinforcing inserts are rings coated by the elastomer material of the spring body, wherein a reinforcing insert in the spring body on the trough base, directed towards the outer supporting body, has an outer surface which is shaped at least in sections spherically or conically and on which the lateral trough edges of the spring body are supported at least over part of their thickness in such a way that the lateral trough edge is perpendicular to the outer surface.Such an elastomer bearing can be produced inexpensively because of its simple structure and nevertheless offers the possibility of producing identical elastomer bearing stiffnesses in a simple manner in all three spatial directions.If a plurality of cavities are formed over the circumference as troughs, these are separated from one another in the axial direction by transverse walls of the spring body. Several different natural frequencies of the transverse walls are possible as support shafts and the natural frequency of the support shafts makes it possible to influence the dynamic stiffness at high frequencies. An additional decoupling stage enables a further reduction of the excitation transmission. By self-contained air chambers in the troughs, additional damping is possible at high amplitudes. In addition, a more complex demolding concept enables an individual geometric configuration of the supporting lugs.Alternatively, a separation of the radially extending trough walls from one another can also be provided in order to enable simpler demolding during the production of the elastomer bearing. For this purpose, the spring body with the reinforcing inserts and the further reinforcing insert is divided along the central transverse plane and, during vulcanization, is connected to one another by the trough walls of the support rib part, for which purpose the spring body halves can be pushed or pressed onto the inner support body during assembly and only then vulcanized onto the latter if necessary.Advantageous embodiments of the invention provide that the spring body has four troughs and four transverse walls, two of which are diametrically opposite each other.In preferred embodiments of the invention, the spring body is advantageously installed under prestress between the supporting bodies and / or the further supporting bodies. In this case, the spring body and / or the further supporting bodies can also be vulcanized onto the outer supporting body. In addition, the spring body can also be vulcanized onto the inner supporting body.The invention is explained further below with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment, wherein the two FIGS. 1 and 2 show a transverse and a longitudinal section of an elastomer bearing according to the invention. In all the figures, identical elements are denoted by the same reference numerals and, essential to the invention, all features described in more detail can be.FIGS. 1 and 2 show a transverse and a longitudinal section of an elastomer bearing. An outer supporting body 2, for example made of metal or plastic, in particular light metal, with inserted and optionally pressed-in spring body 1 made of elastomer material directed radially inward, with embedded reinforcing inserts 11, 11', 12 made of metal or plastic, is connected via the spring body 1 to an inner supporting body 3 made of metal or plastic, which is vulcanized, pushed on, bonded or pressed onto the spring body 1. The spring body 1 is formed spherically in its central region, directed in the longitudinal direction of the elastomer bearing, toward its outer diameter, caused by the shaping of the reinforcing insert 12. The annular spring body 1, whose reinforcing inserts 11, 11', 12 are sheathed by the elastomer material, is pressed in between two further supporting bodies 4, 5 made of metal or plastic, which are located at the respective elastomer bearing end, viewed in the axial direction, and are vulcanized, inserted, bonded or pressed onto the outer supporting body 2 via its elastomer coating 4', 5'.The elastomer bearing is installed in a motor vehicle, not shown, in such a way that one of the supporting bodies 2, 3 is connected to a further vehicle part, not shown, a connecting part.Because the spring body 1 has a V- or W-shaped axial cross section in the form of legs of the V or W opening radially from the inner 3 to the outer support body 2, the same rigidity values in all three spatial directions can be achieved by this arrangement and by the positioning of the reinforcing inserts 11, 11' and by the elevation 12' owing to the spherical shape of the reinforcing insert 12. The reinforcing inserts 11, 11' also ensure that the lateral trough walls 6, 7 of the spring body 1 are stabilized with one another via the four transverse walls 10. In an alternative elastomer bearing, not shown, more or fewer transverse walls 10 can also be represented, which can also be designed simply differently geometrically in the case of different bearing requirements, without considerably increasing construction and manufacturing costs. Different natural frequencies of the transverse walls 10 and trough walls 6, 7 are thus possible, as a result of which the dynamic stiffness can be influenced at high frequency.The sheathing of the reinforcing insert 12 with elastomer material introduces a further decoupling plane 12" into the elastomer bearing 1, whereby a further frequency decoupling is effected, which leads to a further reduction of the excitation transmission.If the troughs 9 are closed-off air chambers, a counter pressure is thereby built up at high amplitudes in the radial direction, whereby the forces acting otherwise on small regions are distributed over a large area and an additional damping is achieved.In the production of the spring body 1, a simpler demolding concept can alternatively be realized if it is designed to be divided along the central transverse plane 8. For this purpose, all connecting webs 11''' of the reinforcing inserts 11 and 11', the further reinforcing insert 12 and the elastomer of the spring body 1 are of divided design and are then connected to one another during the vulcanization of the elastomer by the trough walls 6, 7 of the supporting rib part. The two halves of the spring body 1 are pushed onto the inner support body 3 during assembly, glued to it or pressed onto it. The pushing-on, adhesive bonding or pressing-on can be effected, for example, directly between the further reinforcing inserts 12 and the inner supporting body 3 or else with the interposition of a separating layer, the further decoupling layer 12".

Claims

Elastomer bearing having a spring body (1) at least partially made of elastomer material, which is fastened between an inner supporting body (3) and an outer supporting body (2), of which one surrounds the other and between which a further supporting body (4, 5) adjoins the spring body (1) in the axial direction, on each of its sides, wherein the spring body (1) has in the axial direction a trough-shaped cross section with a trough width in the axial direction increasing radially from the inner to the outer supporting body (3, 2), wherein at least one cavity is present as trough (9) in the spring body (1) from the outer periphery of the elastomer bearing, symmetrically to a central transverse plane (8) of the spring body (1), and that the further supporting bodies (4, 5) have the spring body (1) on its outer lateral trough edge (15, 15') and the outer support body (2) support the spring body (1) on the tub top sides (14, 14') and the inner support body (3) support the spring body (1) on the tub base (13) and that the spring body (1) has reinforcing inserts (11, 11') made of plastic or metal, characterized in that the reinforcing inserts (11, 11') are rings coated by the elastomer material of the spring body (1), wherein a further reinforcing insert (12) in the spring body (1) on the tub base (13), directed towards the outer support body (2), has an outer surface which is spherical or conical in at least some sections and on which the lateral tub edges (6, 7) of the spring body (1) are supported at least over part of their thickness in such a way that each lateral tub edge (6, 7) is perpendicular to the outer surface.Elastomer bearing according to Claim 1, characterized in that, from the outer periphery of the elastomer bearing, symmetrically with respect to a central transverse plane (8) of the spring body (1), at least two cavities are present in the spring body (1) as troughs (9), which cavities are separated from one another in the axial direction by transverse walls (10) of the spring body (1).Elastomer bearing according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spring body (1) has four troughs (9) and four transverse walls (10), two of which are diametrically opposite one another in each case.Elastomer bearing according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the further supporting bodies (4, 5) are rings made of plastic or metal coated with elastomer material.Elastomer bearing according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spring body (1) and / or the further supporting bodies (4, 5) are vulcanized, bonded or pressed onto the outer supporting body (2) or onto the inner supporting body (3).Elastomer bearing according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spring body (1) is installed under prestress between the supporting bodies (2, 3) and / or the further supporting bodies (4, 5).Elastomer bearing according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spring body (1) is of divided design along its central transverse plane (8).

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