Method and apparatus for the additive manufacturing of a component

Abstract

A method for the additive manufacturing of a component (1), in which a beam (2) generated by a radiation source (10) is directed onto a material (5) forming the component (1) and the material (5) is selectively melted, whereupon the melted material (5) solidifies after melting to form the component (1), wherein the beam (2) is guided by a beam shaping element (20) arranged in the beam path of the beam (2), in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror or a micromirror array, to the power density distribution of the beam (2), wherein at least one, preferably generated by at least one second radiation source (10), second beam (2) is directed onto the material (5) forming the component (1) or a further component (1) and the material (5) is selectively melted.wherein the at least one second beam (2) is shaped by an at least second beam shaping element (20), in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror, arranged in the beam path of the at least one second beam (2). or a micromirror array, which is directed to the power density distribution of the second beam (2), characterized by that the cross-sectional shape of the beam (2) and the second beam (2) during the irradiation of the material (5), wherein the beam (2) is changed in its cross-sectional shape by the beam shaping element (20) and the at least one second beam (2) is changed by the at least one second beam shaping element (20), wherein at least one beam with a linear cross-section in the focus is generated, wherein a support device (8) having a container (6) for receiving the material (5) is rotated relative to the beam shaping elements (20), wherein the rotation takes place during a powder application and / or during a powder compaction and / or during a powder heating.

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

[0002] From EP 2 878 402 A1, a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known. In the known method, a beam generated by an electromagnetic radiation source, in particular a laser beam device, is directed by means of an optical device onto a material, in particular a powder, which is melted by the beam. After the material has solidified and the surrounding material, which was not melted, has been removed, the component to be formed is created from the solidified material. Such a method has also become known in practice as a "3D prototyping" method. The known method is thus characterized by spatially selective melting and subsequent solidification of material. It is important to enable spatially precise and precisely defined melting of the material in order to maintain the desired geometry or properties of the component to be manufactured.The known method incorporates a deflection device in the beam path, which extracts a partial beam from the beam directed towards the material. This extracted beam is used, in particular, to measure the beam's power and can serve as a control variable for the processing device.

[0003] Selective material melting requires that the material can be melted at any desired spatial point within the area of ​​the component being manufactured. This necessitates, for example, a relative movement between the beam and the material being melted, or vice versa. Typically, the beam has a circular cross-section at the focal point. Furthermore, the material is only melted at a single spatial point or area at any given time, and the laser beam maintains the same shape or cross-section at the focal point throughout the entire process.

[0004] From EP 2 335 848 A1, an optical irradiation unit for a system for manufacturing workpieces by irradiating powder layers with laser radiation is known. DE 102 19 984 C1 discloses a device for manufacturing free-form products by means of a data-controlled solidified layer build-up of powdered material. From DE 10 2016 107 058 A1, a 3D printing device for manufacturing a spatially extended product is known. DE 10 2011 113 246 A1 discloses a method and a device for structuring surfaces by processing with energetic radiation. From DE 10 2017 220 153 A1, a method and a device for the layer-by-layer additive manufacturing of components using a continuous and a pulsed laser beam are known. Disclosure of the invention

[0005] The described method for the additive manufacturing of a component has the advantage of enabling more efficient production of the component and, simultaneously or alternatively, resulting in improved component properties. In the context of the invention, more efficient production refers in particular to increasing the material build-up rate of the component and thus enabling faster manufacturing. Improved properties of a component manufactured according to this method include, by way of example (but not limited to), the reduction of residual stresses and distortions in the component, a reduction in surface roughness, a reduction in microdefects (pores, hot cracks, stress cracks), an improvement in the microstructure and component properties (stiffness, strength, etc.), and an improvement or expansion of the range of materials that can be processed (e.g., in the case of materials that are difficult to weld).

[0006] The invention further develops the method described in the unpublished patent application DE 10 2016 213 420 A1 for the additive manufacturing of a component, in which a beam generated by a radiation source is directed onto a material forming the component and the material is selectively melted, whereupon the melted material solidifies after melting to form the component, wherein the beam is guided by a beam shaping element, in particular an SLM element, an adaptive mirror or a micromirror array, arranged in the beam path to distribute the power density of the beam, and a device for carrying out this method, comprising a radiation source designed as a laser beam source and a beam shaping element arranged in the beam path.

[0007] The invention is based on the idea of ​​guiding the beam through a beam shaping element arranged in the beam path. For the purposes of this invention, a beam shaping element is understood to be, by way of example and without limitation, an LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) SLM element, an adaptive mirror, or a micromirror array. A spatial light modulator (SLM) is a spatial modulator for electromagnetic radiation, in particular light, which imposes a spatial modulation, especially intensity modulation, on a beam. It is therefore essential for the beam shaping element that it enables a power density distribution in a processing plane of the beam. The processing plane is a plane that intersects the beam. Preferably, the processing plane is arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the beam.The processing plane is further characterized by the fact that the material is melted within it to manufacture the component. Power density refers to the power of the beam per unit area, while power density distribution describes the location-dependent power density present within a surface, particularly the processing plane. For example, using an SLM (Spatial Light Modulator) element offers the advantage that the beam can be split into multiple partial beams. Furthermore, an SLM element allows the beam to be shaped by enabling a defined distribution of its intensity in space. Therefore, due to its beam-shaping capabilities, the use of such an SLM element makes it possible to achieve the aforementioned advantages individually or in combination.

[0008] According to the invention, in addition to a first beam, at least one second beam, preferably generated by at least one second radiation source, is directed onto the material forming the component or a further component, and the material is selectively melted. The at least one second beam is guided by at least one second beam shaping element, in particular an SLM element, an adaptive mirror, or a micromirror array, arranged in the beam path of the at least one second beam to achieve the power density distribution of the second beam. This contributes to the high build rate of the component. Overall, this leads to improved economic efficiency of the additive manufacturing process for a component. Furthermore, the process contributes to the high quality of the manufactured components.

[0009] Advantageous further developments of the inventive method for the additive manufacturing of a component are listed in the dependent claims.

[0010] When using a beam shaping element that divides the beam and / or at least one second beam into several partial beams and / or modifies its cross-sectional shape according to the invention, it is provided that at least one beam with a linear cross-section at the focus is generated. Such a method has the particular advantage that the build rate can be increased and thus the time required for manufacturing the component can be reduced. This is achieved in particular by dividing the beam and thereby enabling parallelization, whereby large-area processing of the material to be melted can be achieved by the partial beams.

[0011] Flexible beam shaping allows the position of individual or partial beams relative to each other to be adapted to the geometry being exposed. This enables more effective use of parallelization. In particular, the use of linear beam shapes can significantly increase the build rate. A major advantage of such linear beam shapes is the increased build rate without increasing the layer thickness, as a larger area of ​​material can be melted simultaneously in a given plane. However, the use of linear beam shapes has the disadvantage that the scan direction is no longer independent of the beam shape. This can be compensated for by the flexible and dynamic beam shape. Furthermore, the width of the linear beam shape can be adapted to the geometry of the component being produced.

[0012] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the area of ​​material surrounding the component can be heated, at least in certain regions, by the beam and / or by at least one additional beam to a temperature below its melting point. Such a process leads to a reduction in residual stresses and distortions and to an increase in the stiffness and strength of the component being manufactured. This can be explained by the fact that residual stresses and distortions can be reduced by lowering temperature gradients. This is achieved by using the beam to precisely control a temperature field. For example, preheating or postheating can be achieved by irradiating a large area before or after the actual melt pool. Furthermore, the temperature field can be controlled by the targeted use of multiple partial beams.Both hot and stress cracks (cold cracks) can be reduced or avoided by adjusting the temperature field or temperature gradient and thus the cooling rate.

[0013] A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the material in the area used to form the component is irradiated continuously, i.e., without relative movement between the beam and / or the at least one second beam and the material. Such a method has the particular advantage of reducing the surface roughness of the manufactured component. This is because the surface roughness is influenced by the movement of the melt pool. Now, the flexible beam shaping using the beam shaping element offers the possibility of simultaneously irradiating the entire contour of the component to be manufactured, or parts thereof, without moving the beam relative to the material. This leads to a reduction in the roughness of the component.

[0014] According to the invention, a support device comprising a container for receiving the material is rotated relative to the jet-forming elements, with the rotation occurring during powder application and / or powder compaction and / or powder heating. This allows process steps to be carried out in parallel. Overall, this leads to high productivity, as the components can be manufactured more quickly.

[0015] An advantage is that during the selective melting of the material, the support structure and the beam-shaping elements are essentially fixed relative to each other. This contributes to the high quality of the manufactured components.

[0016] The process can also involve multiple remelting of the material. This also reduces the surface roughness of the manufactured component. In particular, multiple remelting of the same layer of material significantly improves the surface. This is achieved through flexible beam splitting, in which two or more beams move one after the other, with the two beams aligned relative to each other depending on the scan direction. Such double exposure or multiple remelting also makes it possible to reduce microdefects such as pores, hot cracks, stress cracks, etc., on the component. It should be noted that the formation of pores during component production is directly related to the surface quality of the individual layers. Through the aforementioned double exposure or...Multiple remelting of the material can significantly increase the density of the component and thus reduce the tendency for pore formation.

[0017] Further developing the last proposal for multiple remelting, it is proposed that the multiple remelting is carried out by at least two partial beams that are arranged at a spatial distance from each other and that are moved relative to the material.

[0018] A further advantageous embodiment of the method involves shaping the beam such that the material temperature varies along the beam's direction, resulting in the lowest temperature on the side where the beam first strikes the material. This method particularly improves the microstructure and component properties by allowing the global temperature field, in addition to the local temperature field, to influence the microstructure. Specifically, the proposed method enables crystal growth on the component to be directed upwards in the desired direction.

[0019] The method according to the invention provides that the cross-sectional shape of the beam is changed during the irradiation of the material, whereby the processing can be optimally adapted to the component geometry.

[0020] The invention further comprises a device for the additive manufacturing of a component by selectively melting a material, in particular for carrying out the inventive method described so far.

[0021] It is particularly advantageous that the radiation source and / or at least one second radiation source is designed as a laser beam device, since laser radiation can be shaped very well. Alternatively or additionally, the radiation source and / or at least one second radiation source is designed as an electron beam source.

[0022] It is particularly advantageous if, in the device, the radiation source with the beam shaping element arranged in the beam path of the beam of the radiation source and the at least one second radiation source with the at least one second beam shaping element arranged in the beam path of the at least one second beam of the at least one second radiation source as a matrix, in particular in a 1x2 arrangement or a 2x2 arrangement, are arranged.

[0023] Furthermore, the device for carrying out the method described so far has the same advantages as the method itself.

[0024] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing.

[0025] This shows in: Fig. 1 a simplified representation of a device for the additive manufacturing of a component, Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 views each of an area of ​​the material to be processed, showing differently shaped partial laser beams striking the surface of the material, Fig. 5 a device for the additive manufacturing of a component in a first variant of the preferred embodiment, Fig. 6 a top view of a device for the additive manufacturing of a component in a second variant of the preferred embodiment, Fig. 7 a top view of a device for the additive manufacturing of a component in a third variant of the preferred embodiment, and Fig. Figure 8 shows a sectional view of a device for the additive manufacturing of a component of the third variant of the preferred embodiment in a side view.

[0026] Identical elements or elements with the same function are provided with the same reference numbers in the figures.

[0027] In the Fig. Figure 1 shows a simplified device 100 for the additive manufacturing of a component 1. The device 100 comprises a radiation source 10, in particular in the form of a laser beam device 11, which is configured, for example, to generate a laser beam 2 with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The laser beam 2 is processed by means of one or more optical elements 12, which are not shown in detail because they are known per se, and directed towards the component 1 to be manufactured. In the beam path of the laser beam 2, a beam shaping element in the form of an SLM element 20 (Spatial Light Modulator) is also arranged, which serves to shape the laser beam 2 or to divide it into several partial beams.

[0028] The component 1 is produced from a material 5, preferably powdered or granular, which is arranged within a trough-shaped container 6, wherein the height of the material 5 arranged in the container 6 is at least equal to the height of the component 1 to be produced. The material 5 may preferably be metallic or plastic.

[0029] Furthermore, it is essential that a relative movement between the laser beam 2 and the material 5 in the direction of the three spatial axes X, Y, and Z can be enabled for the melting of the material 5 within the container 6. This is achieved, as is known per se, either by a corresponding adjustment of the optical elements 12 or the SLM element 20 and / or by an adjustment drive for the container 6.

[0030] The production or manufacture of component 1 from material 5 is achieved by focusing the laser beam 2 onto the material 5 in such a way that the material 5 is selectively melted layer by layer or point by point, starting from the side of the surface 7 of the material 5 in the container 6 facing away from the laser beam device 11 or the laser beam 2, and moving towards the surface 7. After the material 5 has melted, the laser beam 2 is moved further relative to the material 5, causing the initially molten material 5 to solidify and form a component of component 1 in the solidified area. The unsolidified material 5 can then be removed from the spaces within component 1 in a known process. Fig. In a highly simplified manner, component 1 is characterized by elements 9 that were created during the impact of the laser beam 2 by the material 5 first melting and then solidifying.

[0031] In the Fig. Figure 2 shows a component contour 30, which is exemplary in its rectangular form in top view. The contour 31, which is also rectangular, represents the inner contour of the container 6 in which the material 5 is arranged. Based on the Fig. Figure 2 shows that the SLM element 20 forms, by way of example, two partial beams 32, 33 from the laser beam 2, each having a rectangular or linear contour. The two partial beams 32, 33 are arranged at a distance a from each other, with the width b of the partial beams 32, 33 corresponding to the width of the component 1 to be manufactured. The double arrow 34 shows that the two partial beams 32, 33 are moved synchronously back and forth across the surface of the component 1 to be formed in the region of contour 31.

[0032] In the Fig. Figure 3 illustrates the case where two partial beams 35, 36 are also generated within the component contour 30, but these have a smaller width b than the component 1 being formed. The formation is thus achieved by traversing the component contour 30 in a line-by-line fashion. The two partial beams 35, 36 also have a distance a between them and are moved across the surface of the material 5 within the component contour 30, as indicated by the double arrow 34. Furthermore, two additional partial beams 37, 38 with a different cross-section compared to the partial beams 32, 33 are shown as examples. These are located outside the component contour 30, but within the contour 31. The partial beams 37, 38, which also have a rectangular contour as examples, serve to heat the material 5 in an area close to the component 1, but outside the material 5 that forms the component 1.Furthermore, it is essential that the power of partial beams 37 and 38 is such that no melting of material 5 occurs. Partial beams 37 and 38, together with partial beams 32 and 33 (which serve to melt material 5), serve to generate a temperature field or temperature gradients.

[0033] In the Fig. Figure 4 illustrates a case in which three partial beams 41 to 43, each with a round cross-sectional shape, are generated, causing the material 5 to melt within the component contour 30. The size or diameter of the partial beams 41 to 43, as well as their exact position within the component contour 30, can vary.

[0034] Fig. Figure 5 shows a device 100 for the additive manufacturing of a component in a first embodiment of the preferred model. A container 6 for receiving material 5 for the production of a component and for receiving the component itself is arranged on a carrier device 8. Furthermore, the Fig. 5 a powder distributor 13, which applies material 5 to the container 6 in a uniform layer thickness by brushing it over the container 6. Furthermore, the Fig. 5 a residual powder container 14 for receiving excess material 5. In this variant of the preferred embodiment, the device 100 for the additive manufacturing of a component comprises a total of four exposure units 17. Each exposure unit 17 comprises a laser beam unit 11 and a beam shaping element 20. The beam 2 generated by the laser beam unit 11 is shaped by the beam shaping element 20 as described above with reference to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. The beam is shaped and directed as a beam 2 onto the powder-covered surface of the container 6. The beam shaping elements 20 are arranged in a 2x2 matrix configuration, such that the beam generated by each beam shaping element 20 covers one quadrant of the container 6, thus exposing ¼ of the powder bed as the exposure area. In one variant, a 1x2 matrix configuration or a 3x3 configuration is implemented. In this variant of the preferred embodiment, the exposure devices 17 are fixedly arranged above the container 6. Additionally or alternatively, the container 6 is adjusted in its relative position to the exposure devices 17 by means of adjustment drives.In one variant, the exposure devices 17 are alternatively or additionally arranged in a movable array arrangement, wherein the exposure devices 17 are moved translationally and parallel to the surface of the container 6 and thus to the powder bed.

[0035] Fig. Figure 6 shows a top view of a device 100 for the additive manufacturing of a component in a second embodiment of the preferred embodiment. The device 100 is based on a machine with a rotary table, designed as a carrier device 8, rotating about a rotary axis 15, and several exposure units 17. In this embodiment of the preferred model, four containers 6 for receiving the components to be manufactured are provided on the carrier device 8 at uniform angular intervals. Furthermore, the device 100 comprises four containers 6, also arranged at uniform angular intervals, described above with reference to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. The device 100 comprises four stationary exposure units 17, also arranged at equal angular intervals between the exposure units 17. These units consist of a powder distributor 13 and a heating unit 18. In this variant of the preferred embodiment, the carrier unit 8 rotates counterclockwise as symbolized by the arrow indicating the direction of rotation 16. During the rotation of the carrier unit 8, powder in the form of the material is initially applied to each of the four containers 6 in parallel by means of the powder distributor 13. As the rotation continues, the applied powder is then preheated by the heating unit 18. Finally, the carrier unit 8 continues to rotate until the containers 6 are located under the exposure units 17.The exposure units 17 then perform the exposure and thus the selective melting of the material to produce the component while the carrier unit 8 is stationary. This process is then repeated iteratively until the components are manufactured. In one variant, four containers 6 are also used, but only two exposure units 17.

[0036] Fig. Figure 7 shows a top view of a device 100 for the additive manufacturing of a component in a third variant of the preferred embodiment as a further development of the second variant. The device 100 is based on a machine with a rotary table, designed as a carrier device 8, rotating about a rotary axis 15, and several exposure units 17. In this variant of the preferred embodiment, four containers 6 for receiving the components to be manufactured are also provided on the carrier device 8, arranged at uniform angular intervals. Furthermore, the device 100 comprises four containers 6, also arranged at uniform angular intervals, as shown above with reference to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. The device 100 comprises four stationary exposure units 17, also arranged at uniform angular intervals between the exposure units 17, each consisting of a powder distributor 13, a powder compactor 19, and a heating unit 18. In this variant of the preferred embodiment, the carrier unit 8 rotates counterclockwise as symbolized by the arrow indicating the direction of rotation 16. During the rotation of the carrier unit 8, powder in the form of the material is first applied in parallel to each of the four containers 6 by means of the powder distributors 13. The applied powder is then compacted by the powder compactors 19. The powder compactors 19 are designed as rollers. During further rotation, the applied and compacted powder is then preheated by the heating unit 18.Finally, the carrier unit 8 continues to rotate until the containers 6 are positioned beneath the exposure units 17. With the carrier unit 8 stationary, the exposure units 17 then perform the exposure and thus the selective melting of the material to produce the component. This process is subsequently repeated iteratively until the components have been manufactured.

[0037] Fig. Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the above in a side view with reference to the Fig. Device 100 described in Section 7 for the additive manufacturing of a component of the preferred embodiment. Fig. Figure 8 shows two containers 6 arranged on the carrier device 8 for receiving material 5 and the manufactured component 1. The bottom 4 of the container 6 can be lowered so that the component 1 is additively manufactured from the powder from bottom to top. Fig. Figure 8 further shows a powder distributor 13 for each container 6 for supplying and applying powder, and an exposure device 17 with a symbolically represented beam 2 for each container 6.

[0038] Through the above with reference to the Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. The device described in section 8 is used to perform the additive manufacturing process for a component as described below.

[0039] The rotation of the rotary table moves a container beneath the stationary exposure unit. As soon as the working area of ​​the container moves under the exposure unit, the powder application begins, depositing a layer of powder, preferably between 20 and 200 µm thick. The rotary table with the powder bed then continues to rotate until it reaches the exposure position. With the table now stationary, the exposure process begins. The beam can be flexibly shaped, enabling point, line, and area melting of the powdered material. In one variant, melting occurs simultaneously at multiple locations within the powder bed. This offers the advantage of high build rates. Furthermore, the flexible beam shaping allows for the creation of localized radiation spots for various functions.For example, the actual melting spot can be preceded by a preheating spot for local heating and / or followed by a remelting spot. The remelting spot performs a second melting process in the form of remelting, thus improving the quality of the resulting surface. In one variant, a protective gas supply and / or extraction system is also used to efficiently remove fumes, soot, and metallic spatter generated during the melting process. This contributes to high quality in the form of low porosity, minimal layer adhesion defects, and / or a high surface finish of the manufactured component. Once the container has passed completely under the exposure unit and a layer has been fully built up, the working surface lowers by one layer thickness.This process sequence takes place in parallel at the other containers and exposure units of the machine. As the table rotates, the container then reaches the next exposure unit, and the process begins again. In the variants described above, the device also includes components for preheating and / or compacting the powder immediately after powder application. The continuous rotation of the rotary table guides the area just coated with powder under a compaction roller. Due to a predetermined roller shape and appropriate contact pressure, the roller rolls over the powder, compacting it. This has the advantage of increasing the powder's bulk density, resulting in improved thermal and electrical conductivity. This enhances laser and electron beam melting processes.Furthermore, the higher density results in fewer voids in the powder bed, leading to higher density in the manufactured components. If a preheating unit is also integrated, the work surface is moved beneath a heating device. There, controlled NIR emitters (NIR = near infrared) couple energy locally and selectively into the powder bed via elliptical mirrors to preheat it to 95% of the powder material's melting temperature. This has the advantage of significantly simplifying the subsequent melting process, as a lower power density can be used, thus increasing productivity and component quality (surface quality). Due to the rotary table's rotation, challenges arise during powder application, compaction, and preheating, as the area near the axis of rotation rotates at a different speed than areas further away.These differences will be compensated for by a suitable design of the powder distributors and / or the powder compressors and / or the heating devices.

[0040] For example, the heating systems are designed so that the heating output decreases continuously from you to the outside.

[0041] In another variant of the described embodiments, the carrier device with the containers is arranged in a fixed position and the exposure devices with the powder distributors and / or the heating devices and / or the powder compressors rotate relative to the carrier device designed as a rotary table.

[0042] The method described so far can be adapted or modified in a variety of ways without deviating from the inventive concept.

Claims

[1] A method for the additive manufacturing of a component (1) in which a beam (2) generated by a radiation source (10) is directed onto a material (5) forming the component (1) and the material (5) is selectively melted, whereupon the melted material (5) solidifies after melting to form the component (1), wherein the beam (2) is guided by a beam shaping element (20) arranged in the beam path of the beam (2), in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror or a micromirror array, to the power density distribution of the beam (2), wherein at least one second beam (2), preferably generated by at least one second radiation source (10), is directed onto the material (5) forming the component (1) or a further component (1) and the material (5) is selectively melted,wherein the at least one second beam (2) is shaped by an at least second beam shaping element (20), in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror, arranged in the beam path of the at least one second beam (2). or a micromirror array, which is directed to the power density distribution of the second beam (2), characterized by , that the cross-sectional shape of the beam (2) and the second beam (2) during the irradiation of the material (5), wherein the beam (2) is changed in its cross-sectional shape by the beam shaping element (20) and the at least one second beam (2) is changed by the at least one second beam shaping element (20), wherein at least one beam with a linear cross-section in the focus is generated, wherein a support device (8) having a container (6) for receiving the material (5) is rotated relative to the beam shaping elements (20), wherein the rotation takes place during a powder application and / or during a powder compaction and / or during a powder heating. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that the beam (2) is divided by the beam shaping element (20) and / or the at least one second beam (2) is divided by the at least one second beam shaping element (20) into partial beams (32, 33; 35 to 38; 41 to 43). [3] Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by, that an area of ​​the material (5) surrounding the component (1) and / or the further component (1) is heated at least partially by the beam (2) and / or the at least one second beam (2) and / or the partial beam (32, 33; 35 to 38; 41 to 43) to a temperature below its melting temperature. [4] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the material (5) in the area which serves to form the component (1) and / or the further component (1) is irradiated continuously, i.e. without relative motion between the beam (2) and / or the second beam (2) and / or the partial beam (32, 33; 35 to 38; 41 to 43) and the material (5). [5] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the material (5) is remelted several times. [6] Method according to claim 1, characterized by, that during the selective melting of the material (5) the support device (8) and the beam shaping elements (20) are arranged essentially immovably relative to each other. [7] Device (100) for the additive manufacturing of a component (1) by selective melting of a material (5), in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a radiation source (10) and a beam shaping element (20) for power density distribution arranged in the beam path of the beam (2) of the radiation source (10), in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror or a micromirror array, comprising at least a second beam shaping element (20) for power density distribution, in particular a spatial light modulator element, an adaptive mirror or a micromirror array, which is arranged in a beam path of at least a second beam (2), preferably at least a second radiation source (10), characterized by , that the device (100) is configured to change the cross-sectional shape of the beam (2) and the second beam (2) during the irradiation of the material (5), wherein the beam (2) is changed in its cross-sectional shape by the beam shaping element (20) and the at least one second beam (2) is changed by the at least one second beam shaping element (20) such that at least one beam with a linear cross-section in the focus is produced, wherein at least one container (6) for receiving the material (5) is arranged on a support device (8), wherein the support device (8) and the beam shaping element (20) or the at least one second beam shaping element (20) are rotatable relative to each other. [8] Device (100) according to claim 7, characterized by that the radiation source (10) and / or the at least one second radiation source (10) is designed as a laser beam device (11). [9] Device (100) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized by , that the beam shaping element (20) and the at least one second beam shaping element (20) are arranged as a matrix, in particular in a 1×2 arrangement or a 2×2 arrangement. [10] Device (100) according to claim 7, characterized by , that a number of containers (6) arranged on the carrier device (8) is equal to or an integer multiple of a number of beam shaping elements (20). [11] Device according to one of claims 7 or 10; characterized by , that the device (100) comprises at least one powder distributor (13) and / or at least one heating device (18) and / or at least one powder compressor (19).

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