Arrangement for an on-board network of a rail vehicle

Abstract

Arrangement (10) for an on-board network (6) of a rail vehicle (5), preferably for an emergency power railway battery system, comprising: - at least one charging path (11) for electrically coupling at least one electrical energy store (80) to a charging device (7) in order to provide charging of the energy store (80), - at least one discharge path (12) for electrically coupling the energy storage device (80) to at least one load (8) in order to provide an energy supply to the load (8) by discharging the energy storage device (80), - at least one first activation means (K1) for the charging path (11) to activate the charging, - at least one second activation means (K2) for the discharge path (12) to activate the discharge, - a control arrangement (20) for providing control of the activation means (K1, K2) by a battery management system (1) in order to activate the charging and discharging, - an emergency supply arrangement (30) of the discharge path (12) for automatically maintaining the activated discharge in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system (1), wherein the first activation means (K1) comprises a first switching unit (K1') for switching the charging of the energy storage device (80), and the second activation means (K2) comprises a second switching unit (K2') for switching the discharging of the energy storage device (80), wherein the control arrangement (20) has a second control switch (S2) which can be activated by the battery management system (1), wherein the second control switch (S2) is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit (32, K2'), so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system (1) but not switched off again.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an arrangement for an on-board electrical system of a rail vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system and a method.

[0002] The following is already known from the state of the art: DE 100 33 317 A1 discloses a motor vehicle electrical system with safety-relevant loads, wherein the safety-relevant loads are decoupled from the rest of the electrical system via a decoupling circuit. An emergency battery is assigned to the safety-relevant loads.

[0003] DE 26 57 167 C3 discloses a circuit for automatically switching a load from a primary power source to a secondary power source, with a control circuit which reacts to the voltage of the primary power source and which, when the voltage drops below a predetermined value, actuates a control device and thus connects the load to the secondary power source.

[0004] DE 102 44 608 A1 discloses a power supply system with a charging protection device for an emergency power battery. The power supply system has at least one rectifier that supplies loads. In addition to the loads, an emergency power battery connected in parallel is also supplied via an undervoltage switching contact. Parallel to the undervoltage switching contact, the power supply system has a charging protection device that prevents the undervoltage switching contact from closing if the applied voltage is higher than a predetermined threshold voltage, thereby preventing damage to the emergency power battery.

[0005] DE 101 55 003 A1 discloses a device for preventing the deep discharge of a battery in a motor vehicle electrical system. The device comprises a disconnecting element arranged between a battery and the electrical consumers. This disconnecting element automatically disconnects all electrical consumers from the battery when the ignition is switched off.

[0006] DE 10 2017 100 771 A1 discloses a battery system for a vehicle. This battery system is intended to provide a safe, fast, and ergonomic way to charge a battery. For this purpose, the battery system has two current paths that connect the battery to the current-consuming vehicle component. The current paths each have switching elements. The switching elements are controlled by a battery management system; when switched off, they block the flow of current to the vehicle component. This design ensures that power is not supplied to the vehicle component even when the charger is connected, thus providing effective driveaway protection.

[0007] DE 10 2011 006 395 A1 discloses a method for operating an on-board electrical system in hybrid or electric vehicles in the event of a failure of one or more elements of a traction battery monitoring system. In the method, after the failure of one or more elements of a monitoring system, it is first checked whether the traction battery is charging or discharging. If charging is in progress, the traction battery is subsequently disconnected from the on-board electrical system. If discharging is in progress, the traction battery is not disconnected from the on-board electrical system after the test.

[0008] US 5 793 189 A discloses a device for preventing deep discharge of batteries in an electric vehicle.

[0009] It is known from the prior art that energy storage devices are used to supply energy to a load. Depending on the type of energy storage device, a battery management system (BMS) monitors the charging and discharging processes. In this way, charging of the energy storage device can be activated and deactivated again depending on the energy storage device's state of charge. This is then a first monitoring function of the BMS. A possible second monitoring function can concern discharging, i.e., the supply of energy to the load. Discharging is deactivated by the BMS, for example, if the energy storage device's state of charge is too low, thus threatening deep discharge.

[0010] The disadvantage of existing solutions is that in the event of a BMS error or failure, the power supply is no longer guaranteed. A particular disadvantage is that an emergency power supply is then not reliably possible.

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partially remedy the disadvantages described above. In particular, the present invention aims to provide an improved energy supply option.

[0012] The above object is achieved by an arrangement having the features of claim 1, a system having the features of claim 17, and a method having the features of claim 21. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the respective subclaims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the arrangement according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the system according to the invention and the method according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is always made to each other.

[0013] The object is achieved in particular by an arrangement for an on-board electrical system of a rail vehicle, in particular an electronic circuit for an electrical emergency system of the vehicle. The vehicle is designed, for example, as at least one rail vehicle, preferably as a railway system such as a train and / or a combination of rail vehicles and / or passenger trains and / or the like.

[0014] The arrangement according to the invention can comprise at least one of the following components: - at least one charging path for electrically coupling at least one electrical energy storage device to a charging device (such as a charger of the vehicle electrical system) in order to provide charging of the energy storage device, preferably by conducting an electrical charging current from the charging device via the charging path to the energy storage device, - at least one discharge path for electrically coupling the energy storage device to at least one load in order to provide an energy supply to the load by discharging the energy storage device, preferably by conducting an electrical discharge current from the energy storage device via the discharge path to the at least one load, - at least one first activation means, such as a relay (in particular contactor) and / or electronic switch, for the charging path to activate the charging, preferably to switch the charging current, - at least one second activation means, such as a relay (in particular contactor) and / or electronic switch, for the discharge path to activate the discharge, preferably to switch the discharge current, - a control arrangement for providing control of the activation means by a battery management system in order to activate, preferably switch, the charging and discharging,- an emergency supply arrangement of the discharge path (i.e. for the discharge path) for independently maintaining the activated discharge, preferably independently of the battery management system, in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system, and preferably to prevent deactivation of the activated discharge by the battery management system, particularly preferably by bridging the control arrangement, wherein the first activation means comprises a first switching unit for switching the charging of the energy storage device, and the second activation means comprises a second switching unit for switching the discharging of the energy storage device, wherein the control arrangement comprises a second control switch which can be activated by the battery management system, wherein the second control switch is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit,This allows the battery management system to only turn on the discharge, but not turn it off again. This has the advantage that the load, and especially the on-board power supply, can continue to be supplied in the event of a battery management system failure. This provides a particularly reliable emergency power supply option.

[0015] The activation means comprise, for example, switching units integrated into the discharge and charging path to be closed depending on the control by the control arrangement. This enables the activation of charging and discharging. It may be possible for the control arrangement or the battery management system to initiate a closing and opening of the switching unit(s) of the first activation means via the control arrangement, while only initiating a closing (i.e., no opening) of the switching unit(s) of the second activation means. This ensures that the battery management system cannot deactivate or interrupt the discharge. The energy supply is thus guaranteed even in the event of a failure or error in the battery management system.

[0016] Batteries conventionally have two terminals, a positive pole and a negative pole, via which the battery is charged and discharged. According to the invention, however, the charging and discharging directions can be implemented separately in the energy storage device. The charging connection, to which the energy storage device is connected to the charging device - and in the case of railway on-board power supply batteries, usually also the power supply for the on-board power supply - can be switched off by the monitoring functions of the battery management system, in particular via the first activation means. The discharging connection, on the other hand, cannot be switched off by the monitoring functions. By separating the charging and discharging directions in this way, the energy supply, in particular the on-board power supply, can be ensured by the energy storage device even in the event of a failure or malfunction of the battery management system electronics.

[0017] The energy storage device advantageously serves as an emergency power battery for use in emergency power supply in the railway sector. Emergency power batteries in the railway sector are subject to high availability requirements. Availability can be improved through the use of the emergency supply arrangement. For this purpose, the emergency supply arrangement is preferably designed independently and / or separately and / or autonomously from the battery management system, preferably with a lower technical complexity than the battery management system. Deactivation of the discharge by the battery management system can also be completely prevented. Preferably, only manual deactivation means (such as manually operated key switches) are provided for deactivating the discharge of the energy storage device, in addition to the emergency supply arrangement with the second activation means.

[0018] An arrangement according to the invention can be used in an on-board electrical system of the vehicle or rail vehicle, preferably for an emergency power rail battery system of the vehicle. The on-board electrical system comprises, for example, the at least one load and / or the charging device and / or the battery management system (BMS) and / or the arrangement according to the invention. The at least one load can be an electrical consumer, such as vehicle lighting and / or a vehicle door opener and / or a vehicle radio device ("train radio"). The aforementioned consumers can be regarded as safety-relevant loads and can therefore continue to be operated in emergency operation with an emergency power supply. In addition, further consumers can also be provided in the on-board electrical system, which are switched off (possibly successively) during an emergency power supply.In the case of an emergency power supply, the safety-relevant load can also be switched off successively depending on the charge level of the energy storage device.

[0019] It is furthermore possible within the scope of the invention for the at least one energy storage device to be designed as an energy storage device which, for use in the on-board network (in particular as an emergency power battery), requires monitoring of the charging and discharging of the energy storage device, and / or for the at least one energy storage device to be designed as a rechargeable lithium battery. Particularly for energy storage devices which are used as emergency power batteries in the railway sector, high demands must be placed on availability. It is therefore possible to use lead-acid or Ni-Cd batteries as energy storage devices to ensure that these requirements are met. In contrast, for a lithium battery as an energy storage device, the use of a BMS is particularly advantageous for monitoring the energy storage device. However, a BMS may also offerdoes not have the required availability, so that according to the invention an additional (and BMS-independent) emergency supply arrangement can only enable the use of the energy storage device for the on-board network and in particular as an emergency power battery.

[0020] An arrangement according to the invention can, for example, be arranged in a housing and have electrical components that are freely wired to one another. This is particularly useful when at least one of the activation means is designed as a relay, preferably a contactor. It is also possible for the components to be arranged at least partially on a printed circuit board and electrically connected to one another via conductor tracks. This is conceivable, for example, when at least one of the activation means is designed as an electronic switch, preferably a power semiconductor switch.

[0021] It is also conceivable for the emergency supply arrangement to have a monitoring means for monitoring the discharge path in order to maintain and / or deactivate the activated discharge depending on the monitoring. Since the emergency supply arrangement can serve as an emergency supply to the load and in particular to the on-board electrical system, it is sensible to maintain the discharge for as long as possible. A limit may be set by the state of charge of the energy storage device, since deep discharge of the energy storage device should be avoided. Accordingly, the monitoring can include recording the state of charge and, in particular, measuring a voltage at the energy storage device. In this way, an impending deep discharge can be detected and the discharge can be deactivated to prevent it.Such a function can in principle also be provided by the BMS, but in the arrangement according to the invention, it can be bypassed to increase availability (in particular by means of self-holding). The monitoring device has, for example, a sensor or an electrical adapter and / or the like for detection or measurement, in particular to detect a voltage value.

[0022] Preferably, within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that the second activation means is designed as an undervoltage relay, so that in particular the second activation means forms the monitoring means of the emergency supply arrangement in order to deactivate the discharge upon detection of an undervoltage in the discharge path. The undervoltage is detected, for example, by comparing a voltage value measured by the undervoltage relay with a limit value (above a deep discharge limit). If the measured voltage value falls below this limit value, detection occurs and a monitoring event occurs accordingly. This then results in, in particular, the opening of the switching unit(s) of the second activation means in the discharge path in order to deactivate the discharge.

[0023] It may optionally be possible for the emergency supply arrangement to be designed to monitor (in particular, to control) the discharge and, preferably, to deactivate it as a function of monitoring the discharge path, in order to preferably prevent a deep discharge in the energy storage device, particularly preferably by deactivating the discharge before a deep discharge limit is reached. In this case, a deactivation can be carried out in a timely manner before the deep discharge limit is reached. To trigger the monitoring event, a monitoring device is used, for example, which monitors a voltage at the energy storage device.

[0024] It is further conceivable for the emergency supply arrangement to electrically couple the discharge path to the second activation means in order to control the second activation means to maintain the activated discharge, and preferably to electrically supply the second activation means via the energy storage device independently of an electrical power supply of the battery management system. This serves, in particular, to ensure the supply of the vehicle electrical system even in the event of a power supply failure for the battery management system.

[0025] According to a further advantage, it can be provided that the emergency supply arrangement is designed as a self-holding circuit in order to keep the second activation means itself active after activation of the second activation means by the control arrangement, and thus when the discharge is activated. For this purpose, the discharge path can be electrically connected to the control circuit of the second activation means via at least one switching unit of the second activation means. In this way, self-holding can be provided when the second activation means is controlled (activated) and thus closes the switching unit. Furthermore, another switching unit of the second activation means can switch a load circuit of the second activation means for the discharge and energy supply of the load.

[0026] It may also be possible for the arrangement to have at least one energy storage device, wherein the at least one energy storage device is designed as a rechargeable emergency power battery, preferably in the form of a lithium-ion accumulator. Since such a rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cannot be recharged after a deep discharge, as this could lead to internal cell short circuits, the energy storage device should be switched off before the deep discharge limit is reached. For this function, undervoltage relays, for example, which have very low failure rates, are available as a second activation means.

[0027] Li-ion batteries can be particularly advantageous as energy storage devices for use in rail transport. Their higher energy density is particularly useful here. However, Li-ion batteries often require a BMS for safe operation. The BMS monitors the condition of the individual cells and prevents, for example, the cells in the energy storage device from being overcharged. This monitoring is necessary, for example, if cells that are not monitored could be destroyed by overcharging. Since BMSs are electronic circuits consisting of many electronic components, batteries that require this type of monitoring, which can also switch them off, have a significantly higher failure rate than batteries that do not. This can be at least partially improved by using an emergency supply arrangement, since the discharge shutdown is then no longer provided by the BMS.

[0028] It is advantageous if, within the scope of the invention, the first activation means has a first switching unit for switching the charging of the energy storage device, and the second activation means has a second switching unit for switching the discharging of the energy storage device, wherein the first activation means is preferably connected to the control device for direct control by the control device, and / or the second activation means is connected to the control device for control in parallel with control by the emergency supply device. Accordingly, the control of the second activation means can be carried out both by the control device, but only for switching on, and additionally by the emergency supply device for switching off the second activation means. In other words, the emergency supply device bridges the switching off by the control device for the second activation means.

[0029] According to an advantageous development of the invention, the control arrangement can have a first control switch for activating and deactivating the first activation means, and / or a second control switch for activating only the second activation means, so that only the emergency supply arrangement is designed to deactivate the second activation means. For this purpose, the first control switch is integrated, for example, into a control circuit of the first activation means, and the second control switch is integrated into a control circuit of the second activation means.

[0030] Furthermore, the second control switch can be connected in parallel to a (further second) switching unit of the second activation means, so that both the second control switch and the switching unit can activate the activation means.

[0031] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the control arrangement has a second control switch solely for initiating the activation of the second activation means, so that the emergency supply arrangement is exclusively designed to maintain (i.e., self-hold) the activation and deactivation of the second activation means. For this purpose, the second control switch can be connected in parallel to a (further second) switching unit of the second activation means, so that both the second control switch and the switching unit can activate the activation means.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the emergency supply arrangement can be electrically connected to the discharge path in order to electrically operate the second activation means through the energy storage device, and thus preferably independently of a power supply and / or a state of the battery management system. This allows an emergency supply to be provided even in the event of a malfunction in the BMS or the power supply for the BMS.

[0033] According to a further possibility, the charging path and the discharging path can be provided differently in order to conduct an electrical charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device via different current paths. In this way, in emergency operation, discharging can be provided with greater reliability and, in particular, exclusively.

[0034] Furthermore, it is conceivable that a diode is connected to the energy storage device to separate the electrical current flow for charging and discharging, in particular to conduct a charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device through the different paths, namely the charging path and the discharging path. This also has the advantage that the charging is switchable and / or a backflow of charge from the load to the energy storage device is avoided.

[0035] A further advantage within the scope of the invention can be achieved if the first activation means has a first switching unit for activating and deactivating the charging in order to switch an electrical charging current through the charging path to the energy storage device, wherein the first switching unit is preferably connected for bridging and preferably in parallel to the (aforementioned) diode. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the second activation means to have a second switching unit (in particular a discharge switching unit of the emergency supply arrangement) for activating and deactivating the discharge in order to switch an electrical discharge current of the energy storage device through the discharge path, wherein the second switching unit is preferably connected in series to the (aforementioned) diode. In this way, a separate charging and discharging path can be provided.

[0036] Preferably, within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that the second activation means has a further second switching unit (in particular a self-holding switching unit of the emergency supply arrangement) for self-holding the second activation means in order to switch a control current to the second activation means, preferably in order to keep the second activation means activated by the control current as a function of monitoring of the control current by the second activation means. This can serve to keep the switching units of the second activation means closed until a monitoring event occurs. When the monitoring event occurs, the switching units of the second activation means can then be opened in order to deactivate the discharge. This enables reliable discharge in emergency power operation until the monitoring event is triggered. The monitoring event is, for example,specific to a critical state of the energy storage device in which the discharge should be deactivated.

[0037] The invention also relates to a system comprising: - at least one electrical (preferably rechargeable) energy storage device for supplying electrical energy to an on-board power supply of a vehicle, in particular to an on-board power supply of a rail vehicle, preferably to an emergency power rail battery system, - a charging device, in particular a charger, for charging the energy storage device, - a battery management system to monitor the energy storage, - at least one charging path which electrically couples the energy storage device to the charging device in order to provide charging of the energy storage device, - at least one discharge path for electrically coupling the energy storage device to at least one load of the vehicle electrical system in order to provide energy to the load by discharging the energy storage device, - at least one first activation means for the charging path to activate the charging, - at least one second activation means for the discharge path to activate the discharge, - a control arrangement which is electrically connected to the battery management system and to the activation means in order to provide control of the activation means by the battery management system in order to activate the charging and discharging, - an emergency supply arrangement of the discharge path for automatically maintaining the activated discharge in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system, wherein the first activation means has a first switching unit for switching the charging of the energy storage device, and the second activation means has a second switching unit for switching the discharging of the energy storage device, wherein the control arrangement has a second control switch which can be activated by the battery management system, wherein the second control switch is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit, so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system but not switched off again.

[0038] The system according to the invention thus provides the same advantages as those described in detail with reference to an arrangement according to the invention. Furthermore, the system can comprise an arrangement according to the invention.

[0039] It can be further advantageous for the charging device to be designed as a charger and / or power supply unit for the on-board power supply of the on-board power supply of the vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle.

[0040] A further advantage within the scope of the invention can be achieved if the battery management system provides at least one monitoring function for the energy storage device to deactivate charging by means of the monitoring function, wherein deactivation of discharging by the battery management system (by the emergency supply arrangement) is preferably prevented. For this purpose, the emergency supply arrangement, for example, bypasses the control arrangement, in particular by means of a self-holding device.

[0041] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that the battery management system provides at least one of the following monitoring functions for the energy storage device: - Monitoring of energy storage overload, - Monitoring of an overtemperature of the energy storage, - Monitoring the voltage at the energy storage device to deactivate charging depending on the monitoring level. This enables safe and long-lasting operation of the energy storage device.

[0042] The invention also relates to a method for controlling the power supply in a vehicle, in particular in the on-board power system of a rail vehicle, preferably for an emergency power rail battery system. It is provided that the following steps (or at least one of the following steps) are carried out, preferably sequentially in the specified order or in any desired order: - Optional: Carrying out a charging and / or discharging monitoring of an electrical current in the charging or discharging direction, preferably at the charging and / or discharging path, - Controlling the charging of an energy storage device (of the vehicle) by a battery management system (of the vehicle), preferably depending on the charging and / or discharging monitoring, preferably by carrying out the charging and then switching off the charging when a predetermined charge state of the energy storage device is reached and / or the monitored current falls below a limit value and / or exceeds a further, higher limit value, - Activating a discharge of the energy storage device by the battery management system in order to provide an energy supply to at least one load of the vehicle by discharging the energy storage device, - Carrying out a monitoring of the discharge by an emergency supply arrangement, preferably by the charging and / or discharging monitoring of the electrical current in the charging or discharging direction and / or in the discharge path, in particular by a second activation means, preferably independently of the battery management system, - Maintaining the activated discharge until a monitoring event occurs during monitoring, in particular independently of the battery management system, in order to always maintain the energy supply until the monitoring event occurs, wherein the first activation means has a first switching unit for switching the charging of the energy storage device, and the second activation means has a second switching unit for switching the discharging of the energy storage device, wherein the control arrangement has a second control switch which can be activated by the battery management system, wherein the second control switch is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit, so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system but cannot be switched off again.

[0043] In this way, the energy supply can always be maintained until the monitoring event occurs, in particular without the BMS being able to deactivate the discharge and / or energy supply.

[0044] The method according to the invention thus provides the same advantages as those described in detail with reference to an arrangement and / or a system according to the invention. Furthermore, the method can be suitable for operating an arrangement and / or a system according to the invention.

[0045] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is conceivable that the monitoring event is an undershoot of a predetermined current and / or voltage value (limit value) in the energy storage device during discharge, wherein the predetermined current and / or voltage value is specific to a deep discharge. For this purpose, for example, a measurement of the discharge current and / or the voltage of the energy storage device can be performed, and the measured current and / or voltage value can be compared with the predetermined current and / or voltage value. This measurement is performed repeatedly, for example, by the emergency supply arrangement and / or the second activation means.

[0046] It is also possible to optionally configure the emergency power supply to prevent the battery management system from deactivating the discharge. This allows for highly reliable emergency operation.

[0047] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, which describes exemplary embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. They show: Fig. 1 a schematic circuit diagram of an arrangement according to the invention, Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a vehicle with a system according to the invention, Fig. 3 a schematic representation for visualizing a method according to the invention.

[0048] In the following figures, identical reference numerals are used for the same technical features, even in different embodiments.

[0049] In Fig. 1 shows an arrangement 10 according to the invention for a vehicle 5, in particular for an on-board electrical system 6 of a rail vehicle 5, preferably for an emergency power rail battery system. A charging path 11 is shown for electrically coupling at least one electrical energy storage device 80 to a charging device 7. This serves to charge the energy storage device 80. Furthermore, a discharging path 12 is provided for electrically coupling the energy storage device 80 to at least one load 8 in order to supply energy to the load 8 by discharging the energy storage device 80. The charging path 11 and discharging path 12 can be separate current paths, each provided, for example, by electrical lines or the like. The charging path 11 can be electrically connected to the charging device 7, for example, via electrical connections BC+, BC-.The discharge path 12, however, can be connected to the at least one load 8 via other terminals BL+, BL-.

[0050] Furthermore, a first activation means K1 is provided for the charging path 11 to activate the charging. In addition, a second activation means K2 is shown for the discharging path 12 to activate the discharging. The activation means K1, K2 are designed in particular as relays and have switching units K1', K2' for activating (and also deactivating) the charging and discharging, which switching units can be designed as switching contacts. In addition, a control arrangement 20 can be used to provide control of the activation means K1, K2 by a battery management system 1 to activate the charging and discharging. For this purpose, the control arrangement 20 has control switches S1, S2, which can be activated by the BMS 1. This in turn enables control of the activation means K1, K2.It can be seen that a first control switch S1 directly activates the first activation means K1, and thus switches the first switching unit K1'. This directly enables the activation and deactivation of charging by the BMS 1. The second control switch S2, on the other hand, is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit 32, K2'. This directly only enables the activation of the second activation means K2 and thus the closing of the second switching unit(s) K2'. Deactivation of the second activation means K2 and thus the opening of the second switching unit(s) K2' is not possible via the BMS 1, since when the second activation means K2 is activated, the self-holding switching unit 32, K2' is also closed.This enables the formation of an emergency supply arrangement 30 of the discharge path 12 for independently maintaining the activated discharge in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system 1.

[0051] The discharge activation described here can be activated, but not deactivated, by simply pressing a button or by a control system, e.g., the BMS 1 or the vehicle control system. The discharge side (i.e., the discharge) can only be deactivated by the second activation device K2 and by manual intervention (such as removing fuses from a circuit breaker).

[0052] By way of example, a possible activation of the discharge will be described below, which also uses a pre-charging circuit. In this case, a temporary closure of the second control switch S2 can initially initiate the charging of the pre-charging circuit, e.g., to charge parasitic capacitances on the load side. Accordingly, the capacitances of the on-board network are pre-charged via this pre-charging circuit. This is necessary, for example, to prevent high current peaks. After a preset time, the second activation means K2 can close the self-holding circuit for the second activation means K2. For this purpose, the switching units K2' are closed. Accordingly, the self-holding is activated via the emergency supply arrangement 30. The self-holding circuit remains closed as long as the second activation means K2 does not open it.

[0053] The charging side, i.e., charging path 11, can be monitored via BMS 1. In the event of overcharging, overtemperature, or similar, BMS 1 can shut down the charging side and thus the charging process. The BMS 1 can also activate the charging side.

[0054] The charging and discharging directions can be separated by diode D1. As long as the charging direction is also switched on, the diode is bridged. This serves to prevent power loss in the diode. In the event of a failure of the BMS 1 or the charging device 7, the arrangement 10 ensures that discharging is always possible. This ensures the safety function provided by the energy storage device. A failure on the charging side can be detected, and the journey or cycle can continue.

[0055] It is also shown that the emergency supply arrangement 30 has a monitoring means 31 for monitoring the discharge path 12 in order to maintain and / or deactivate the activated discharge depending on the monitoring. For this purpose, in the example shown, the second activation means K2 is designed as an undervoltage relay K2, so that the second activation means K2 forms the monitoring means 31 of the emergency supply arrangement 30.

[0056] The emergency supply arrangement 30 is designed as a self-holding circuit in order to keep the second activation means K2 active after activation of the second activation means K2 by the control arrangement 20, and thus when discharge is activated. The first activation means K1 has a first switching unit K1' to switch the charging of the energy storage device 80, and the second activation means K2 has a second switching unit K2' to switch the discharging of the energy storage device 80. The first activation means K1 is connected to the control arrangement 20 for direct control by the control arrangement 20, and the second activation means K2 is connected to the control arrangement 20 for control in parallel with control by the emergency supply arrangement 30.

[0057] Furthermore, the control arrangement 20 has a first control switch S1 for activating and deactivating the first activation means K1, and a second control switch S2 only for activating the second activation means K2, so that only the emergency supply arrangement 30 is designed to deactivate the second activation means K2. The emergency supply arrangement 30 is electrically connected to the discharge path 12 in order to electrically operate the second activation means K2 via the energy storage device 80, and thus independently of a power supply and / or a state of the battery management system 1.

[0058] It is based on Fig. 1 that the charging path 11 and the discharging path 12 differ in order to conduct an electrical charging and / or discharging current i1, i1 of the energy storage device 80 via different current paths. For this purpose, a diode D1 is connected to the energy storage device 80 to separate the electrical current flow for charging and discharging and to conduct the charging and / or discharging current i1, i1 of the energy storage device 80 through the different paths 11, 12, namely the charging path 11 and the discharging path 12.

[0059] The first activation means K1 has a first switching unit K1' for activating and deactivating the charging in order to switch an electrical charging current Ia through the charging path 11 to the energy storage device 80, wherein the first switching unit K1' is connected for bridging and in parallel with the diode D1. The second activation means K2 has a second switching unit K2' in the form of a discharge switching unit 33 of the emergency supply arrangement 30 for activating and deactivating the discharge in order to switch an electrical discharge current Ie of the energy storage device 80 through the discharge path 12. This second switching unit K2', 33 is connected in series with the diode D1. Furthermore, the second activation means K2 has a further second switching unit K2' in the form of a self-holding switching unit 32 of the emergency supply arrangement 30 for self-holding the second activation means K2 in order to switch a control current Is to the second activation means K2.

[0060] In Fig. 2 shows a system according to the invention with a device according to the invention and a charging device 7 for charging the energy storage device 80 as well as a battery management system 1 for monitoring the energy storage device 80.

[0061] In Fig.Figure 3 schematically illustrates a method for controlling the energy supply in a vehicle. According to a first method step 101, charging of an energy storage device 80 is controlled by a battery management system 1. According to a second method step 102, discharging of the energy storage device 80 is activated by the battery management system 1 in order to provide energy to at least one load 8 of the vehicle by discharging the energy storage device 80. According to a third method step 103, the discharge is monitored by an emergency supply arrangement 30, in particular independently of the battery management system 1.Subsequently, according to a fourth method step 104, the activated discharge is maintained until a monitoring event occurs during monitoring, in particular independently of the battery management system 1, in order to always maintain the energy supply until the monitoring event occurs.

[0062] The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively within the scope of examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another, provided they are technically feasible, without departing from the scope of the present invention. List of reference symbols 1 Battery management system, BMS 5 Vehicle, rail vehicle 6 On-board network 7 Charging device 8 Load 10 Arrangement 11 Charging path 12 Discharge path 20 Control order 30 Emergency supply order 31 monitoring equipment 32 Self-holding switching unit 33 Discharge switching unit 80 energy storage, battery module 101 first procedural step 102 second procedural step 103 third procedural step 104 fourth procedural step BC connection for charger BC+ connector for charger D1 diode the discharge current Is control current la charging current K1 first activation means, relay K2 second activation means, relay K1' first switching unit of K1, relay contact K2' second switching unit of K2, relay contact BL connections for load BL+ connection for load S1 first control switch S2 second control switch

Claims

[1] Arrangement (10) for an on-board network (6) of a rail vehicle (5), preferably for an emergency power railway battery system, comprising: - at least one charging path (11) for electrically coupling at least one electrical energy store (80) to a charging device (7) in order to provide charging of the energy store (80), - at least one discharge path (12) for electrically coupling the energy storage device (80) to at least one load (8) in order to provide an energy supply to the load (8) by discharging the energy storage device (80), - at least one first activation means (K1) for the charging path (11) to activate the charging, - at least one second activation means (K2) for the discharge path (12) to activate the discharge, - a control arrangement (20) for providing control of the activation means (K1, K2) by a battery management system (1) in order to activate the charging and discharging, - an emergency supply arrangement (30) of the discharge path (12) for automatically maintaining the activated discharge in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system (1), wherein the first activation means (K1) comprises a first switching unit (K1') for switching the charging of the energy storage device (80), and the second activation means (K2) comprises a second switching unit (K2') for switching the discharging of the energy storage device (80), wherein the control arrangement (20) has a second control switch (S2) which can be activated by the battery management system (1), wherein the second control switch (S2) is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit (32, K2'), so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system (1) but not switched off again. [2] Arrangement (10) according to claim 1, characterized by that the emergency supply arrangement (30) has a monitoring means (31) for monitoring the discharge path (12) in order to maintain and / or deactivate the activated discharge depending on the monitoring. [3] Arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the second activation means (K2) is designed as an undervoltage relay (K2), so that in particular the second activation means (K2) forms the monitoring means (31) of the emergency supply arrangement (30) in order to deactivate the discharge upon detection of an undervoltage in the discharge path (12). [4] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the emergency supply arrangement (30) is designed to control the discharge and, in particular, to deactivate it as a function of monitoring the discharge path (12) in order to prevent a deep discharge in the energy store (80), preferably by deactivating the discharge before a deep discharge limit is reached. [5] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the emergency supply arrangement (30) electrically couples the discharge path (12) to the second activation means (K2) in order to control the second activation means (K2) to maintain the activated discharge, and preferably in order to electrically supply the second activation means (K2) through the energy store (80) independently of an electrical energy supply of the battery management system (1). [6] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the emergency supply arrangement (30) is designed as a self-holding circuit in order to keep the second activation means (K2) itself active after activation of the second activation means (K2) by the control arrangement (20), and thus when the discharge is activated. [7] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arrangement (10) has the at least one energy store (80), wherein the at least one energy store (80) is designed as a rechargeable emergency power battery, preferably in the form of a lithium-ion accumulator. [8] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the first activation means (K1) is connected to the control arrangement (20) for direct control by the control arrangement (20), and the second activation means (K2) is connected to the control arrangement (20) for control in parallel with control by the emergency supply arrangement (30). [9] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the control arrangement (20) has a first control switch (S1) for activating and deactivating the first activation means (K1), and a second control switch (S2) only for activating the second activation means (K2), so that only the emergency supply arrangement (30) is designed to deactivate the second activation means (K2). [10] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the control arrangement (20) has a second control switch (S2) only for initiating the activation of the second activation means (K2), so that only the emergency supply arrangement (30) is designed to maintain the activation and deactivation of the second activation means (K2). [11] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the emergency supply arrangement (30) is electrically connected to the discharge path (12) in order to electrically operate the second activation means (K2) through the energy store (80), and thus independently of a power supply and / or a state of the battery management system (1). [12] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the charging path (11) and the discharging path (12) differ in order to conduct an electrical charging and / or discharging current (le, la) of the energy storage device (80) via different current paths. [13] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a diode (D1) is connected to the energy store (80) in order to separate an electrical current flow for charging and discharging from one another, in particular in order to conduct a charging and / or discharging current (la, le) of the energy store (80) through the different paths (11, 12), namely the charging path (11) and the discharging path (12). [14] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by in that the first activation means (K1) has a first switching unit (K1') for activating and deactivating the charging in order to switch an electrical charging current (Ia) through the charging path (11) to the energy store (80), wherein preferably the first switching unit (K1') is connected for bridging and preferably in parallel with the diode (D1). [15] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byin that the second activation means (K2) has a second switching unit (K2', 33) for activating and deactivating the discharge in order to switch an electrical discharge current (le) of the energy store (80) through the discharge path (12), wherein preferably the second switching unit (K2', 33) is connected in series to the diode (D1). [16] Arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byin that the second activation means (K2) has a further second switching unit (K2', 32) for self-holding the second activation means (K2), in order to switch a control current (Is) to the second activation means (K2), preferably in order to keep the second activation means (K2) activated by the control current (Is) as a function of monitoring of the control current (Is) by the second activation means (K2), in order to thereby keep the switching units (K2', 32, 33) of the second activation means (K2) closed until a monitoring event occurs in which the switching units (K2', 32, 33) of the second activation means (K2) are opened in order to deactivate the discharge. [17] System comprising: - at least one electrical energy storage device (80) for supplying electrical energy to an on-board power supply (6) of a rail vehicle (5), preferably to an emergency power rail battery system, - a charging device (7) for charging the energy storage device (80), - a battery management system (1) for monitoring the energy storage device (80), - at least one charging path (11) which electrically couples the energy storage device (80) to the charging device (7) in order to provide charging of the energy storage device (80), - at least one discharge path (12) for electrically coupling the energy storage device (80) to at least one load (8) of the vehicle electrical system (6) in order to provide an energy supply to the load (8) by discharging the energy storage device (80), - at least one first activation means (K1) for the charging path (11) to activate the charging, - at least one second activation means (K2) for the discharge path (12) to activate the discharge, - a control arrangement (20) which is electrically connected to the battery management system (1) and to the activation means (K1, K2) in order to provide control of the activation means (K1, K2) by the battery management system (1) in order to activate the charging and discharging, - an emergency supply arrangement (30) of the discharge path (12) for automatically maintaining the activated discharge in order to maintain the energy supply, in particular independently of the control by the battery management system (1), wherein the first activation means (K1) comprises a first switching unit (K1') for switching the charging of the energy storage device (80), and the second activation means (K2) comprises a second switching unit (K2') for switching the discharging of the energy storage device (80), wherein the control arrangement (20) has a second control switch (S2) which can be activated by the battery management system (1), wherein the second control switch (S2) is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit (32, K2'), so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system (1) but not switched off again. [18] System according to claim 17, characterized by that the battery management system (1) provides at least one monitoring function for the energy store (80) in order to deactivate the charging by means of the monitoring function, wherein deactivation of the discharge by the battery management system (1) is prevented by the emergency supply arrangement (30). [19] System according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized by that the battery management system (1) provides at least one of the following monitoring functions for the energy storage device (80): - Monitoring of an overload of the energy storage device (80), - Monitoring of an overtemperature of the energy storage device (80), - Monitoring a voltage at the energy storage device (80) in order to deactivate charging depending on the monitoring. [20] System according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized by that the system comprises an arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 16. [21] Method for controlling the energy supply in an on-board network (6) of a rail vehicle (5), preferably for an emergency power railway battery system, wherein the following steps are carried out: - controlling a charging of an energy storage device (80) by a battery management system (1), - activating a discharge of the energy storage device (80) by the battery management system (1) in order to provide an energy supply to at least one load (8) of the vehicle (5) by discharging the energy storage device (80), - monitoring the discharge by an emergency supply arrangement (30), in particular independently of the battery management system (1), - Maintaining the activated discharge until a monitoring event occurs during monitoring, in particular independently of the battery management system (1), in order to always maintain the energy supply until the monitoring event occurs, wherein the first activation means (K1) comprises a first switching unit (K1') for switching the charging of the energy storage device (80), and the second activation means (K2) comprises a second switching unit (K2') for switching the discharging of the energy storage device (80), wherein the control arrangement (20) has a second control switch (S2) which can be activated by the battery management system (1), wherein the second control switch (S2) is arranged in parallel with a self-holding switching unit (32, K2'), so that the discharge can only be switched on by the battery management system (1) but not switched off again. [22] Method according to claim 21, characterized by that the monitoring event is a voltage value falling below a predetermined value in the energy storage device (80) during discharge, wherein the predetermined voltage value is specific for a deep discharge. [23] Method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized by that the emergency supply arrangement (30) prevents deactivation of the discharge by the battery management system (1). [24] Method according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized by that an arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 16 and / or a system according to one of claims 17 to 20 is operated.

Images