Temperature measuring arrangement and method for measuring the temperature of one or more cells

Abstract

Temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells, comprising: a supply unit which is designed to provide an electrical current and / or an electrical voltage, an evaluation unit, where the temperature measuring arrangement comprises one or more diodes (18) as temperature sensors, the one or more diodes (18) are each electrically connected indirectly and / or directly to the supply unit and the evaluation unit, the one or more diodes are each arranged in a heat dissipation region of at least one cell (11), the evaluation unit is configured to detect an electrical voltage drop across one or more of the one or more diodes and / or an electrical current flowing through one or more of the one or more diodes and to determine the temperature of one or more cells (11) based on the detected electrical current and / or the detected electrical voltage and / or to detect a change in the temperature of one or more cells (11), a heat conductor (13) is attached to an underside of a circuit board (14) for thermal connection to a cell connector (12), and one or more diodes of the one or more diodes are arranged on a top side of the circuit board (14) and the heat is conducted from the heat conductor (13) to the one or more diodes (18) on the top side of the circuit board (14) via at least one thermal via (15) to the diode (18) of the one or more diodes on the top side of the circuit board (14), characterized in that a heat radiator (17) has a diode-enveloping shape at least along one spatial direction, in particular a U-shape or an O-shape, for supplying the heat to the diode (18).

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells, and to a method for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells. Technical problem

[0002] To ensure the safe operation of battery storage systems, it is necessary to closely monitor the properties of the battery cells in the storage system. Strict monitoring of cell temperature is particularly important for lithium-ion batteries to prevent cell overheating, which can lead to cell ignition and burning.

[0003] DE 10 2018 207 436 A1 discloses a sensor device for lithium-ion cells and / or lithium-metal cells. The sensor device comprises a substrate plate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a plurality of temperature sensors arranged on the first side and / or on the second side of the substrate plate, a plurality of compressive force sensors arranged on the first side and / or on the second side of the substrate plate, and at least one encapsulant layer in which the temperature sensors and / or the compressive force sensors are arranged. The substrate plate is made of a material selected from the group consisting of plastic, ceramic, glass, FR4, and mixtures thereof.

[0004] DE 10 2016 107 780 A1 shows a battery temperature calculation device that uses a thermal network model in which heat transfer paths through which heat generated by electrical cells is transferred have a first heat transfer resistance between the cells and first temperature sensors and a second heat transfer resistance between the first temperature sensors and a second temperature sensor.A controller uses the thermal network model in which heat generated by the cells is transferred through the heat transfer resistors to the first and second temperature sensors in the heat transfer paths to calculate a difference between temperatures of each of the cells and a corresponding one of the first temperature sensors based on a difference between temperatures measured by each of the first temperature sensors and the second temperature sensors, the first heat transfer resistor, and the second heat transfer resistor. The controller adds the calculated temperature difference to the temperature measured by each of the first temperature sensors to determine the temperature of a corresponding one of the cells.

[0005] DE 10 2016 207 334 A1 discloses a measuring device for determining a temperature, comprising a multilayer printed circuit board, a sensor device arranged on the printed circuit board and outputting measured values, and an electronic evaluation device electrically connected to the sensor device and configured to convert the measured values ​​into temperature values. In order to create such a measuring device, which can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively and automatically and allows particularly reliable temperature determination of a defined area, it is provided that the printed circuit board has at least two galvanically isolated layer arrangements in a contact measuring area, which are arranged at least partially overlapping one another in the contact measuring area and each comprise at least one electrically conductive layer.

[0006] The object of the invention is to determine cell temperatures, in particular of battery cells, by means of a method or a measuring arrangement in an efficient, fail-safe and low-cost manner. Solution to the problem

[0007] The problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims are directed to particular embodiments of the invention.

[0008] A temperature measuring arrangement according to the invention for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells, comprises a supply unit configured to provide an electrical current and / or an electrical voltage, as well as an evaluation unit. Cells within the scope of this invention can be primary, secondary, or tertiary galvanic cells, such as batteries and accumulators, as well as fuel cells. However, the invention is not limited to galvanic cells. A supply unit can be, for example, a generator, in particular a voltage and / or current generator, a power supply, a current and / or voltage source.

[0009] According to the invention, the temperature measuring arrangement comprises one or more diodes as temperature sensors, wherein the one or more diodes are electrically connected directly and / or indirectly to the supply unit and the evaluation unit. A diode can be connected to the supply unit or the evaluation unit, for example, via one or more additional diodes and / or an amplifier circuit. A diode can be, for example, a pn diode, a Schottky diode, a Zener diode, etc.

[0010] According to the invention, the one or more diodes are each arranged in a heat dissipation region of at least one cell. A heat dissipation region of a cell is a region whose temperature depends essentially on the temperature of the cell when the cell dissipates heat. The heat dissipation region can include regions in the immediate vicinity of the cell as well as regions that are thermally coupled to the cell.

[0011] According to the invention, the evaluation unit is designed to detect an electrical voltage dropped across one or more of the one or more diodes and / or an electrical current flowing through one or more of the one or more diodes, and to determine the temperature of one or more cells based on the detected electrical current and / or the detected electrical voltage and / or to detect a change in the temperature of one or more cells. For this purpose, the evaluation unit can comprise, for example, a comparator, an analog-to-digital converter and / or other electronic components or circuits. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can comprise a microprocessor, a system-on-chip and / or other analog and / or digital circuits.

[0012] This has the advantage that diodes are particularly cost-effective, and with appropriate diode wiring, only one evaluation unit is required for a large number of cells, especially battery cells. This allows the temperature of a large number of cells to be monitored in a simple and cost-effective manner.

[0013] In a particularly cost-effective embodiment, the supply unit can be configured to provide a predetermined electrical current and / or a predetermined electrical voltage.

[0014] This can have the advantage of eliminating the need to measure the supplied current or voltage, thus reducing the requirements for the evaluation unit. Furthermore, it can reduce the complexity of the evaluation unit, since one parameter, such as the electrical current or voltage supplied by the supply unit, remains constant.

[0015] In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can be configured to detect both an electrical voltage drop across one or more of the one or more diodes and an electrical current flowing through one or more of the one or more diodes. This can have the advantage of increasing the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0016] In particularly advantageous embodiments, the one or more diodes can be connected in series and / or in parallel. Diodes connected in parallel can have the advantage that, for a given electrical voltage, the electrical current behaves linearly with the conductance of the diodes. Similarly, diodes connected in series can have the advantage that, for an applied current, a linear relationship exists between the voltage drop across the diodes and the diode temperature.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the diodes of the one or more diodes can be connected in the forward direction. This can have the advantage that larger currents or voltages are applied to the evaluation unit and can thus be detected by the evaluation unit. This can reduce the sensitivity to interference and noise. In some embodiments, an offset voltage or offset current can be applied to adjust the operating point of the one or more diodes.

[0018] In a particularly energy-efficient embodiment, the diodes of one or more diodes can be reverse-biased. This can have the advantage of reducing the energy consumption of the temperature measurement system and reducing the signal deflection at the evaluation unit (of voltage or current), thus reducing the demands on the evaluation unit.

[0019] In an embodiment with particularly accurate results, the one or more diodes can be connected to the evaluation unit by means of one or more multiplexers, wherein the one or more multiplexers can be configured to connect one or two terminals of the one or more diodes to the evaluation unit. This can have the advantage that the cell temperature can be measured individually for each cell or for a group of cells, thus increasing the accuracy of the measured cell temperatures, especially with a large number of cells. A further advantage is that it makes it easy to localize overheating and, if necessary, identify a faulty cell.

[0020] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the heat from a cell can be conducted to a diode via one or more thermal vias. This can have the advantage that the diodes are particularly strongly influenced by the cell temperatures, while other circuit elements are influenced as little as possible by the cell temperatures. Furthermore, this allows for more flexible positioning of the diodes relative to the cells than with other embodiments.

[0021] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a heat conductor can be attached to a cell, to a cell port, and / or to a cell connector connected to a cell port, and the heat conductor can transfer the heat dissipated by the cell to one of the one or more diodes. A heat conductor can be, for example, a thermal paste, a copper sheet, a copper block, etc. This has the advantage that the heat dissipated by a cell can be transferred particularly effectively to a diode.

[0022] A heat conductor is attached to an underside of a circuit board for thermal connection to a cell connector, and one or more diodes are arranged on a top side of the circuit board. The heat is conducted from the heat conductor to the one or more diodes on the top side of the circuit board via at least one thermal via to the diode of the one or more diodes on the top side of the circuit board. A heat radiator has a diode-enclosing shape at least along one spatial direction, in particular a U-shape or an O-shape, for supplying the heat to the diode. This has the advantage that the temperature sensors (diodes) can be easily arranged in the respective heat dissipation areas of the cells.

[0023] In some embodiments, the heat conductor can be mounted on the underside of the circuit board in such a way that at least a portion of the heat conductor is located in the temperature dissipation region of a cell and is thus particularly advantageously influenced by the heat radiation of a cell. It is therefore not necessary for the heat conductor to be thermally connected to a cell connector on the underside of the circuit board.

[0024] In a particularly fail-safe embodiment, the heat from a cell can be conducted to the diode via two thermal vias, decoupled from each other, through two ports of the cell. The two ports can be the terminals of a cell, particularly a battery cell. This has the advantage of achieving redundancy in the heat supply from one cell to the diode as a temperature sensor.

[0025] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a diode for detecting the ambient temperature can be connected to the supply unit and the evaluation unit, with the diode for detecting the ambient temperature being arranged at a distance from heat and / or cold sources. In this context, "spaced" means outside the temperature emission range of a heat or cold source. This allows fluctuations in the measured temperatures attributable to changes in the ambient temperature to be detected. Thus, overheating of a cell can be distinguished from an increase in the ambient temperature.

[0026] In a particularly cost-effective embodiment, the temperature of one or more cells and / or a deviation in the temperature of one or more cells can be determined by the evaluation unit using the voltage and / or the current determined by the evaluation unit and predefined reference values. The predefined reference values ​​can, for example, depend on a calibration, the detected ambient temperature, a predefined voltage-temperature characteristic curve (as a function of a current) of the one or more diodes, a predefined current-temperature characteristic curve (as a function of a voltage) of the one or more diodes and / or one or more previously detected voltage and / or current values. This has the advantage that the temperature of the cells can be determined very precisely and overheating of the cells can be identified at an early stage.This allows the working area of ​​a cell and thus the capacity of the cell to be used optimally.

[0027] A method according to the invention for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells, comprises the step of impressing a voltage or a current into a circuit arrangement, wherein the circuit arrangement comprises one or more diodes as temperature sensors and the one or more diodes are arranged in a heat dissipation region of a cell. Furthermore, the method according to the invention comprises the steps of determining a current generated by the impressed voltage or a voltage generated by the impressed current at one or more of the one or more diodes; and determining one or more cell temperatures and / or one or more deviations from cell temperatures as a function of the determined current and / or the determined voltage.This has the advantage that the temperature of the cells can be measured in a cost-effective and simple manner and thus any deviation in the temperature can be detected at the same time.

[0028] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the determination of the one or more cell temperatures and / or the one or more deviations from cell temperatures can be carried out as a function of one or more predetermined reference values, wherein the predetermined reference values ​​can be dependent on a calibration of the detected ambient temperature, a predetermined voltage, a temperature characteristic (as a function of a predetermined current) of the one or more diodes, a predetermined current-temperature characteristic (as a function of the impressed voltage) of the one or more diodes, and / or one or more previously detected voltage and / or current values. The more precise the system parameters that influence the relationship between temperature and the determined voltage or current, the more accurately the cell temperature of the cells can be determined.

[0029] In summary, the method can be used to determine the cell temperature and / or a deviation in the cell temperature of a large number of cells in a simple and cost-effective manner. Character description Fig. 1 - 6 each show a part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 7 - 13 each show an example of a circuit of a temperature measuring arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 14 schematically shows a structure of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 15 schematically shows a method for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0030] Fig. Figure 1 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Terminals 19a of the cells 11 are electrically connected by means of a cell connector 12a. Terminals 19b of the cells 11 are electrically connected by means of the cell connector 12b. In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the diodes 18 are attached to the circuit board 14 by means of the connection pads 16. The circuit board 14 includes vias 15 to conduct the heat dissipated by the cells 11 into the immediate vicinity of a diode 18, so that the conductivity of the diode 18 is substantially influenced by the heat dissipation of a cell 11.

[0031] In the figures shown, a via may represent one or a plurality of vias.

[0032] In some embodiments, a heat radiator 17 can be arranged between the diode and the circuit board for improved heat transfer. In some embodiments, a heat conductor 13 can be arranged between the cell connector 12 and the via 15, enabling optimal heat transfer between a cell 11 and the via 15, for example, between the cell connector and the diode.

[0033] In some embodiments, the heat from cell 11 is transported / conducted to diode 18 via cell connector 12, heat conductor 13, via 15, and heat radiator 17. In this embodiment, it may be advantageous if heat radiator 17 and / or heat conductor 13 are designed to be electrically insulating and thermally conductive.

[0034] In some embodiments, the diode can have, in addition to the connections for the connection pads 16, another connection for the heat radiator 17, so that optimal heat transfer to the diode 18 can occur. In some embodiments, neither a heat conductor nor a heat radiator is arranged between the cell and the diode, i.e., the heat is conducted to the diode via the air and the via.

[0035] Fig. Figure 2 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2, cells 11 are connected to one another by means of a cell connector 12. A printed circuit board 14 is arranged on the cell connector 12. The printed circuit board 14 comprises vias 15 that enable heat to be transported from a cell, for example via the cell connector, from the underside of the printed circuit board to a top side of the printed circuit board 14. Diodes 18 are arranged above the vias on the top side of the printed circuit board 14, so that heat dissipated by the cells 11 is supplied to the diodes 18, and the ambient temperature of the diodes is measurably / detectly influenced by heat dissipation by the cells 11. The diodes are preferably interconnected on the top side of the printed circuit board 14.

[0036] In some embodiments, instead of vias 15, the circuit board may include recesses that allow heat to be dissipated from cells located on a bottom side of the circuit board to diodes located on a top side of the circuit board.

[0037] In some embodiments, it may be advantageous for the circuit board to comprise an electrically insulating substrate. In some embodiments, conductive traces may be arranged on an underside of the circuit board 14 and / or on an upper side of the circuit board 14, for example, by means of printing or etching.

[0038] The diodes 18 can, for example, be connected in series and / or parallel and connected to an evaluation unit. In some embodiments, the diodes can be connected to the evaluation unit via one or more multiplexers.

[0039] Fig. Figure 3 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells 11 according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the diodes are arranged directly on a cell connector 12, which electrically connects the cells 11, wherein an insulator, for example in the form of a diode housing, electrically separates the diode structure (semiconductor structure) and the electrical connections (anode, cathode) from the cell connector. The diodes can, for example, be arranged on the underside of a circuit board. Possible circuits for the diodes 18 are shown in the Fig. 7 to 13. In some embodiments, the interconnection may be arranged on the underside of a circuit board, loosely arranged, or arranged on a top side of a circuit board.

[0040] If a diode circuit is arranged on the top side of the circuit board and the diodes are arranged on the bottom side of the circuit board, the diodes can be connected to the conductor tracks on the top side of the circuit board by means of vias.

[0041] Fig. 4 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4, poles 19 of the cells 11 are connected to one another by means of cell connectors 12. A printed circuit board 14 with vias 15 is arranged at a distance from the poles 19. In some embodiments, a via 15 can be thermally connected to a cell 11 by means of a heat conductor 13. The vias 15 conduct heat emitted by the cells to the diodes 18. In some embodiments, a heat radiator can be arranged between a via 15 and the diode 18 for this purpose. In this embodiment, the diodes are attached to the printed circuit board 14 by means of the connection pads 16. Advantageously, the connection pads 16 are conductive, so that the diodes can be connected via the connection pads 16.

[0042] In some embodiments, the diodes may be arranged on a circuit board 14 between the circuit board 14 and the cells 11.

[0043] Fig. Figure 5 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 5, cells 11 are connected to each other by means of a cell connector. Furthermore, diodes 18 are arranged in heat dissipation areas of cells 11. The diodes can be slightly spaced apart, directly connected to the cells, or arranged in the heat dissipation area of ​​cells 11 by means of a heat conductor, for example, a heat-conducting adhesive.

[0044] In some embodiments, one, two, or more diodes can be arranged in a heat dissipation region of a cell. This can, for example, amplify the signal strength of a measurement signal flowing through the diodes if the diodes are connected appropriately. In some embodiments, this can increase the redundancy of the temperature measurement.

[0045] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the diodes 18 are connected to the circuit board 14 by means of the connection pads 16 and, for example, a wire, a line, a cable, etc. In some embodiments, the diodes can be connected directly to each other or to the evaluation unit, for example, by means of a wire, a cable, etc.

[0046] Fig. 6 shows part of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 6, the cells 11 are shown with terminals 19a, 19b. The terminals 19a are connected to one another by means of the cell connector 12a, and the terminals 19b are connected to one another by means of the cell connector 12b. A circuit board 14 with vias 15a, 15b, 15 is arranged above the cells. In this embodiment, the vias 15a, 15b, 15 are connected to the cell connectors 12a, 12b, 12 by means of heat conductors 13a, 13b, 13. In some embodiments, the vias 15 or the heat conductors 13 can be arranged in a heat dissipation region of the cells 11 without direct contact with a cell connector.

[0047] On the circuit board 14, the diodes 18 are arranged above the vias. In this embodiment, a heat radiator 17, 17a, 17b is arranged between the diodes 18 and the vias 15. A heat radiator can be, for example, a copper layer, a layer of a heat-conducting material, etc. In some embodiments, the diode or a diode housing can comprise a further terminal (third terminal) that can be connected to at least one of the heat radiators. In some embodiments, as can be seen on the heat radiator 17a of the Fig. As can be seen from Figure 6, a heat radiator 17a can have a shape that encloses the diode at least along one spatial direction. A heat radiator 17a can, for example, have a U-shape, an O-shape, etc. This can have the advantage that heat can be supplied to a diode in a particularly targeted manner.

[0048] In some embodiments and as in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6, a circuit board can have recesses 14a that allow for directed heat dissipation of heat radiated by cells 11, in particular without distorting a temperature measurement by a diode 18. This can have the advantage that cells can be cooled in a simple manner. In some embodiments, the cells can be cooled by additional cooling devices.

[0049] Fig. 7 shows an example of a circuit of a temperature measuring arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 7 shows a voltage source 52 and diodes D1 to Dn, as well as a current detection unit 54. In this embodiment, a constant voltage is applied to each of the diodes D1 to Dn. Depending on the ambient temperature of each diode D1 to Dn, the respective resistance of the diode D1 to Dn changes. This leads to a change in the current flowing through the diodes D1 to Dn, which current is measured by the current detection unit 54. Preferably, the current detection unit 54 is part of the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit assigns the electrical currents determined by the current detection unit 54 to reference values ​​to which temperature values ​​are assigned. Thus, the average temperature of the diodes D1 to Dn can be determined in a cost-effective and simple manner using the current detection unit 54. In some embodiments, the diodes can be connected in the forward direction.In some embodiments, the diodes may be reverse biased.

[0050] Fig. 8 shows a circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. In the Fig. 8, a current source 51 is provided. The diodes D1 to Dn are analogous to the Fig. 7 are connected in parallel. A voltage detection unit 53, which may be part of an evaluation unit, detects a voltage drop across the diodes.

[0051] Fig. 9 shows a further circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 9 shows an energy source in the form of a current source 51. In contrast to the Fig. 7 and Fig. In the circuit examples shown in Figure 8, the diodes D1 to Dn are in the Fig. 9. The voltage drop across the diodes is determined by a voltage detection unit 53. In some embodiments, the voltage detection unit 53 can be part of the evaluation unit according to the invention.

[0052] Both in the Fig. 8 as well as in the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, reference values ​​for voltages stored for different temperature values ​​on the diodes D1 to Dn can be compared using an evaluation unit. Thus, the ambient temperature for the diodes D1 to Dn can be determined using the voltage determination unit 53 and an evaluation unit.

[0053] Fig. 10 shows a circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 10 are different features of the Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 combined with each other. In Fig. 10 shows a voltage source 52 as the energy source. The voltage source 52 supplies diodes D1 to Dn with a predetermined voltage, so that, depending on the temperature of the diodes D1 to Dn, a current can be determined by a current determination unit 54. The current determined by the current determination unit 54 is compared by the evaluation unit with reference values ​​assigned to various temperature values. In some embodiments, the reference values ​​stored in the evaluation unit can be characteristic curves or specific values. Thus, an ambient temperature of the diodes D1 to Dn can be determined in a simple manner.

[0054] Fig. 11 shows a circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 11 differs from Fig. 8 in that the voltage drop across diodes D1 to Dn can be measured individually by means of a multiplexer 55. The multiplexer can be used to connect diodes D1 to Dn individually or in groups, so that the circuit only includes those diodes D1 to Dn that are connected by multiplexer 55. The voltage drop across the connected diodes is measured by voltage detection unit 53. The measured voltage is assigned to a temperature value by an evaluation unit.

[0055] Fig. 12 shows a circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 12 differs from Fig. 7 analogous to Fig. 11 to Fig. 8. In Fig. 12 is also like in Fig. 11, a multiplexer 55 can be seen. By means of the multiplexer 55, a circuit comprising the voltage source 52 and the current detection unit 54 and diodes D1 to Dn selected by means of the multiplexer 55 can be modified.

[0056] Fig. 13 shows a circuit arrangement of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. The circuit arrangement shown in Figure 13 differs from that shown in Fig. 9 in that a voltage drop across the diodes D1 to Dn can be determined individually by means of a multiplexer 55 by means of the voltage determination unit 53.

[0057] Analogous to the Fig. 13 shown illustration, the Fig. 10 can be modified so that the currents flowing in the diodes D1 to Dn can be measured individually by means of a multiplexer.

[0058] The Fig. The diodes D1 to Dn shown in Figures 7 to 13 may each represent one diode or a plurality of diodes connected in series or parallel, with all or part of the diodes being used as temperature sensors.

[0059] The Fig. The circuits shown in Figures 7 to 13 may be examples of circuit arrangements of the Fig. 1 to 6 shown measuring arrangements.

[0060] In some embodiments, an evaluation unit can comprise a voltage detection unit and a current detection unit, so that a current provided by a current source is determined separately, or a voltage provided by a voltage source is determined separately. This allows the accuracy of a temperature assignment to be determined with particularly high precision based on the values ​​provided by the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit.

[0061] Fig. 14 schematically shows a structure of a temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 14 shows a supply unit, a diode circuit, and an evaluation unit. The supply unit comprises an energy source, for example in the form of a voltage and / or current source, which injects a current into the diode circuit or applies a voltage to the diode circuit. The diode circuit 62 comprises one or more diodes, which are connected in series and / or parallel depending on the circuit arrangement, and wherein all or several diodes of the diode circuit are used as temperature sensors. In the evaluation unit, a current flowing through the diodes and / or a voltage drop across the diodes is determined and assigned to a temperature using the determined values, so that a temperature can be determined.

[0062] In some embodiments, the diode circuit 62 may include one or more multiplexers that can be controlled by the evaluation unit. This allows diodes to be added or removed, so that currents or voltages of individual diodes or diode circuits can be determined separately. Fig. 14 shows only one connection between the supply unit and the diode circuit, or between the diode circuit and the evaluation unit. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can be connected to the supply unit, so that a provided voltage or current does not need to be determined separately by the evaluation unit. In some embodiments, there can also be multiple connections between the supply unit and the diode circuit, or between the diode circuit and the evaluation unit.

[0063] Fig. Figure 15 schematically shows a method for measuring the temperature of one or more cells according to an embodiment of the invention. The method can be configured to measure the temperature of one or more cells by means of the Fig. 1 to 14 to carry out a temperature measurement of one or more cells or to monitor the cell temperature of one or more cells.

[0064] In a first step S61, a voltage is applied to a circuit arrangement comprising one or more diodes and / or a current is impressed into the circuit arrangement. The diodes can be connected in series and / or parallel. In some embodiments, the diodes can be connected in the forward direction; in some embodiments, the diodes can be connected in the reverse direction. Preferably, the diodes are arranged in a heat dissipation region of one or more cells. Two or more diodes can be arranged in a heat dissipation region of a cell, or one diode can be arranged in a heat dissipation region of several diodes. Examples of arrangements of the diodes in a heat dissipation region of one or more cells are described in the Fig. 1 to 6 shown.

[0065] Preferably, all diodes are connected in the reverse direction or all diodes are connected in the forward direction. In a next step S62, a current generated by the voltage applied to the circuit arrangement or a voltage generated by the impressed current is determined at one or more diodes. To determine the current, for example, an ammeter, an operational amplifier, an analog / digital converter, etc. can be used. To determine a voltage, for example, a voltmeter, an operational amplifier and / or an analog / digital converter can be used. In some embodiments, one or more resistors can be provided to determine a current or a voltage, by means of which the current or a voltage is determined, for example in the form of a measuring bridge.

[0066] In a further step S63, a temperature is determined depending on the determined current or voltage. The temperature can be determined, for example, using reference values, reference curves, in particular current-voltage curves as a function of temperature, etc. In some embodiments, determining a temperature can include a step of querying the impressed voltage or current. In some embodiments, both an impressed current or voltage, a voltage drop across the diodes, and a current flowing through the diodes can be determined.

[0067] In some embodiments, the determined temperature can be compared using reference values ​​so that overheating of a cell can be detected.

[0068] In some embodiments, steps of the method can be interchanged, modified, performed in parallel, and their order changed without losing the essence of the invention. In some embodiments, steps can be split or combined.

Claims

[1] Temperature measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of one or more cells, in particular battery cells, comprising: a supply unit which is designed to provide an electrical current and / or an electrical voltage, an evaluation unit, where the temperature measuring arrangement comprises one or more diodes (18) as temperature sensors, the one or more diodes (18) are each electrically connected indirectly and / or directly to the supply unit and the evaluation unit, the one or more diodes are each arranged in a heat dissipation region of at least one cell (11), the evaluation unit is configured to detect an electrical voltage drop across one or more of the one or more diodes and / or an electrical current flowing through one or more of the one or more diodes and to determine the temperature of one or more cells (11) based on the detected electrical current and / or the detected electrical voltage and / or to detect a change in the temperature of one or more cells (11), a heat conductor (13) is attached to an underside of a circuit board (14) for thermal connection to a cell connector (12), and one or more diodes of the one or more diodes are arranged on a top side of the circuit board (14) and the heat is conducted from the heat conductor (13) to the one or more diodes (18) on the top side of the circuit board (14) via at least one thermal via (15) to the diode (18) of the one or more diodes on the top side of the circuit board (14), characterized by , that a heat radiator (17) has a diode-enveloping shape at least along one spatial direction, in particular a U-shape or an O-shape, for supplying the heat to the diode (18). [2] Temperature measuring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the supply unit is arranged to provide a predetermined electrical current and / or a predetermined electrical voltage. [3] Temperature measuring arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature measuring arrangement comprises a plurality of diodes (18) as temperature sensors and the plurality of diodes (18) are connected to one another in series and / or in parallel. [4] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein diodes (18), in particular all diodes, of the one or more diodes are connected in the forward direction. [5] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein diodes (18), in particular all diodes, of the one or more diodes are connected in the reverse direction. [6] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more diodes are connected to the evaluation unit by means of one or more multiplexers (55), wherein the one or more multiplexers (55) are configured to connect one or two terminals of the one or more diodes (18) to the evaluation unit. [7] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat of a cell (11) is conducted to a diode (18) via one or more thermal vias (15). [8] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a heat conductor (13) is attached to a cell (11), to a port (19) of a cell (11) and / or to a cell connector (12) connected to a port (19) of a cell (11), and the heat conductor (13) supplies the heat emitted by the cell (11) to a diode (18) of the one or more diodes. [9] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat of a cell is conducted to the diode via two ports (19a, 19b) of the cell, decoupled from each other, via two thermal vias (15a, 15b). [10] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a diode (18) for detecting the ambient temperature is connected to the supply unit and the evaluation unit, wherein the diode (18) for detecting the ambient temperature is arranged at a distance from heat and / or cold sources. [11] Temperature measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the temperature of one or more cells (11) and / or a deviation of the temperature of one or more cells (11) is determined by the evaluation unit by means of the voltage determined by the evaluation unit and / or the current determined by the evaluation unit and predetermined reference values. [12] Temperature measuring arrangement according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined reference values ​​depend on a calibration, on the detected ambient temperature, on a predetermined voltage-temperature characteristic of the one or more diodes (18), on a predetermined current-temperature characteristic of the one or more diodes (18) and / or on one or more previously detected voltage and / or current values.

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