Article comprising a knitting element

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adaptable, flat-knitted, multi-zone element for a shoe upper and a method for manufacturing such an element, enabling continuous knitting with simultaneous control of the positioning of individual yarns. For example, one or more carriages can move continuously along the needle bed while yarns are supplied to the needles for a complete stroke. The knitting elements can include several zones with different properties. The yarns can change their position within the knitting structures from zone to zone. A knitting element can include a first zone in a first plane, containing at least two merged yarns to form a merged knitting structure, and a second zone in a second plane, seamlessly connected to the first zone.Some knitting structures can be arranged throughout the knitted element in such a way as to control the position of zones relative to each other.

Description

1. Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to knitted goods and in particular to an article with a knitted element and a method for producing a knitted component for an article, for example a shoe upper. 2. Background of the invention

[0002] Parts of articles such as clothing and especially parts of shoes, e.g. an upper, a shaft, a toe part, a collar, a heel part, a tongue or an entire piece of footwear, especially sports shoes, can be manufactured on knitting machines.

[0003] In fact, knitted uppers or elements for knitted uppers have been described in patent literature since at least 1800. In particular, US 11,716 A (issued on September 26, 1854) described the use of knitted materials as parts of the upper of a boot, which “may be knitted in the shape of the article to be manufactured.”

[0004] Knitwear was also used to form essentially complete uppers for boots and / or shoes, minimizing waste. In 1887 (US 367 333 A), Beiger and Eberhart stated: “Our knitted boots are of uniform thickness and stiffness, and so accurate in size and shape that no cutting or waste is required.”

[0005] Furthermore, in her first claim in 1884 (US 299 934 A), Mueller described “(a) a shoe in which the upper and sole are formed from knitted material, the stitches of the upper being joined to the sole by embroidery…”

[0006] Multi-layered knitted fabrics were described by Wesson in US 74 962 A in 1868 for use in a shoe that had a side panel and upper made of knitted fabric, “to form the outside and lining in one piece.”

[0007] In US 376 373 A (January 10, 1888), the description of a method for knitting material for a boot on a circular knitting machine states ( Fig. 1): “A is a weft-knitting machine which takes up two or more ordinary, loosely twisted yarns, b, individually and knits them together in several ways to form a single fabric, as in Fig. 2 shown."

[0008] Manufacturers often desire to provide articles, especially shoes, with specific functions in targeted locations. An early example of this can be found in US Patent 124,525 A, which describes "that the upper consists of two parts cut from a smooth piece of elastic, knitted or woven fabric in the manner described, so that the lines of elasticity of the upper run longitudinally in the side panel and transversely in the upper."

[0009] Furthermore, zones within a knitted fabric exhibiting different properties are shown in US 296,119 A (April 1, 1884), which describes: "However the fabric is manufactured, it must be provided with the integral longitudinal ribs a in which the yarn is arranged to be much thicker and heavier than the fabric in the spaces b, thereby radically different from ordinary ribbed fabrics, which are practically uniform in thickness and have ribs thrown alternately on the front and back of the fabric, and which are therefore ribbed on both sides, rather than being ribbed only on the front, as shown in the drawings, the rear surface or back of the fabric c being smooth or flat."

[0010] In shoe construction, certain sections, often the toe and heel portions of a shoe upper, are reinforced to withstand the stresses that occur when the shoe is worn. In 1949, US Patent 2,467,237 A described the use of a "seamless woolen tube upper" to which "the counter strip 25 and the counter 26, also the sole 27 and the heel 28" are attached to form a boot.

[0011] Water repellency is often desirable, especially in outdoor footwear. US 266,614 A, published in 1882, described an invention involving a "knitted fabric coated with rubber or other pliable material not affected by water" to form a bathing stocking. Furthermore, US 311,123 (January 20, 1835) describes "the entire boot made of knitted or woven fabric," which the inventor "saturates with a waterproof substance to make the whole impervious to water."

[0012] Further examples of corresponding processes and articles, such as shoes, are disclosed, for example, in EP 2 649 898 A1, EP 2 792 260 A2, EP 2 792 261 A1, EP 2 792 265 A2 and EP 3 001 920 A1, all of which are assigned to the present applicant.

[0013] DE 103 16 979 A1 discloses a knitted footwear item, in particular a sock or stocking with a sole, which contains a base knit in which at least one first yarn is used as the base yarn and a second yarn is used as a reinforcing or functional yarn, one of which is elastic. At least in the area of ​​the sole, in addition to the first and second yarns, a voluminous third yarn is used as an additional yarn, which is knitted with the first and second yarns to form three- or more-ply stitches arranged in a predetermined distribution. This creates a nubbed structure, at least in the sole area of ​​the footwear item, which allows improved air circulation between the wearer's foot and the shoe.

[0014] In state-of-the-art processes for manufacturing knitted articles, additional components or material layers often need to be added during post-processing to achieve the desired shoe properties. For example, a heel counter or a leather layer might be added.

[0015] Knitting is a flexible process for manufacturing components for shoe uppers, shoe uppers, and / or customized pairs of shoe uppers. However, depending on the knitting machine, knitting program, materials, and / or structures used, knitting times for different knitted components can vary significantly. Reducing the knitting time of knitted parts has a major impact on production costs and is therefore in high demand.

[0016] Historically, knitting machines have used several types of feeders to control the positioning of the yarns within the knitted elements, enabling different stitch types such as knitting, braiding, inserting, and / or intarsia. Additionally, kickback can be used to control positioning during the knitting process. However, the use of kickback can significantly slow down the knitting process, leading to longer knitting times and thus higher production costs. Kickback increases production costs to such an extent that such control of yarn positioning may be undesirable.

[0017] Generally speaking, custom-made items requiring different textures and / or yarns can increase knitting time. This can be especially true when intricate patterns requiring multiple yarns and / or different textures are desired.

[0018] Structural limitations of knitting machines can also impair a knitter's ability to precisely control the positioning of specific yarns. This can lead to increased material costs, as the yarns may cover larger areas of the knitted fabric than necessary to provide the desired functionality to specific sections of the knit.

[0019] Creating knitted elements for tops, complete tops, or paired tops that include zones with yarns positioned so that placement can be controlled down to the stitch level increases the functionality of the top while potentially reducing material costs. Using standard knitting techniques and / or machines to achieve this functionality (i.e., flexibility in positioning yarns on an individual knitting level) would result in increased knitting times, which are likely to prove prohibitively expensive for knitted elements, complete tops, and / or paired tops. 3. Summary of the invention

[0020] It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome, at least partially, the disadvantages of knitted articles from the prior art, such as footwear and clothing.

[0021] This purpose is achieved in particular by an adaptable, flat-knit, multi-zone element for a shoe upper, comprising a plurality of knit structures, including a first zone of the knit element in a first plane comprising at least two joined threads to form at least one joined knit structure of the plurality of knit structures; a second zone of the knit element in a second plane seamlessly connected to the first zone; wherein the plurality of knit structures includes one or more positioning knit structures positioned such that the one or more positioning knit structures control a position of the first zone relative to the second zone.

[0022] Knitted elements can include knitted structures formed on each layer of a double-layered knitted element and / or in the spaces between the layers. In a single-layer fabric, for example, a first knitted structure might be a loop or a pleat, and a second structure a float insert. The float insert can be partially secured by creating loops or pleats on different needle beds. This way, the float insert sits in the spaces between the stitches.

[0023] In some cases of a knitted element for the shoe upper, a third section is knitted integrally, with one or more sections in which the joined yarns are exchanged. For example, the first yarn can be positioned so that it sits on the back of the loop, while the second yarn can be positioned so that it sits on the front of the stitch in the third section.

[0024] An example of a shoe upper could be a flat-knit element with a first section in a first row of knitting containing a first yarn and a second yarn. The first and second yarns can be joined together to form one or more knitted structures. The positioning of the yarns within these knitted structures can be controlled. A second section of the knitted element could contain a knitted structure formed from the first yarn of the joined yarns and a knitted structure formed from the second yarn of the joined yarns, separate from the first knitted structure.

[0025] The knitted element can contain one or more sections with a Jacquard knitting sequence or pattern. For example, each section or group of sections can combine Jacquard with join, divergence, and / or inverse plating. These sections can be joined together using knitting structures, such as positioning stitches.

[0026] In some cases, the knitted element for a shoe upper can be a double layer. Each of the joined and / or separate knitted structures can contain a loop, a fold, or a float insert. These knitted structures can be arranged on an outer layer, an inner layer, or in a space between layers.

[0027] A flat-knit element for a shoe upper can contain a double layer, where one of the separate knitted structures is positioned in a space between a first and second layer of the knitted element (e.g., a float insert), based on a property of the first yarn that is desired in this space. Furthermore, a knitted structure made of another separate yarn can be worked into the first or second layer of the knitted element.

[0028] Knitted structures, especially those formed from separated, interlocked yarns, can be positioned at predetermined points on the garment. These predetermined points may be based on the needs or desires of a designer, developer, and / or end user. The positioning of the separated yarns allows the specific properties of each thread to enhance the characteristics of sections or zones on the shoe upper.

[0029] The first and second yarns can be positioned as two or more knitting structures along a knitted row after separation, so that if a section of one and / or both yarns is pulled, the knitting structures prevent snagging and / or unraveling of the knitted row in which the threads are positioned.

[0030] In some cases, a first knitted structure formed from a previously merged yarn may have a vertical float insertion, such that the first yarn forms a third merged knitted structure in a second row of the first section of the knitted element, so that the first yarn is essentially restricted to a first zone having at least one predetermined property.

[0031] Yarns selected for use in the knitted section of a shoe upper can be chosen for a specific property desired in the upper. For example, yarns can be selected for their workability or other special properties that are helpful in the construction of a shoe upper. Yarns used together can each be selected for a different property. In some cases, the first yarn can be chosen for one predefined property and the second yarn for a second predefined property.Characteristics that can be used, but are not limited to, for yarn selection include: elasticity, melting point, heat regulation ability, antistatic properties, antibacterial properties, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, data transmission, strength, weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, damping, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, energy absorption capacity and / or luminescence.

[0032] In some cases, a shoe upper can incorporate several different blended knit structures, each using different yarns. For example, a blended knit structure can be formed from any combination of yarns fed into the flatbed knitting machine. Thus, a third and fourth yarn can be blended to knit one blended structure, and the second and fourth yarns can be blended to form another blended knit structure, either in the same section of the knitted element or in different sections.

[0033] Shoe uppers featuring a predetermined design that incorporates a flat-knit element with multiple sections may include one section with one or more loops formed from two yarns, and another section in which the positions of the same two yarns within the loops are reversed. The yarns may extend continuously through the sections.

[0034] In some cases, the yarns can alternate in at least some loops of the knitted element, so that the predetermined design is created in the knitted element.

[0035] Shoe uppers can include several sections, such as a joining section where multiple threads are knitted or placed in one piece, and a divergence section where the joined threads are separated. The positioning of the individual threads can be partially controlled by an automatic or independently moving feeder. Within the divergence section, there can be at least one primary knitting structure formed from the first of the joined threads, and at least one secondary knitting structure formed from the second of the joined threads.

[0036] In some embodiments, a shoe upper may include a knitted structure formed from a first yarn that is a vertical float insert. The first yarn may form a merged knitted structure in a second row of the first or second sections of the knitted element, such that the first yarn is essentially confined to a first zone that has at least one predetermined property.

[0037] In one embodiment, a shoe upper can include several sections, each containing one or more jacquard knitting patterns that incorporate at least one of the first and second threads. At least some of the sections can be connected to one another via knitting structures. For example, a first section, a second section, and a third section can each contain jacquard knitting patterns that incorporate at least one of the first and second threads. Sections can be connected to one another using knitting structures.

[0038] One embodiment of a shoe upper can include multiple strands, e.g., a first strand, a second strand, and a third strand. Each section of the knitted fabric can contain at least two threads of the first, second, or third strand in a jacquard knitting structure, thus forming at least part of a predetermined design.

[0039] In some embodiments, shoe uppers can be constructed as described herein so that a pair of matching shoe uppers is formed. The threads of the matching shoe uppers can be positioned using exchange, join, divergence, and Jacquard knitting to create the paired predetermined design.

[0040] In some embodiments, a method for producing paired knitted shoe uppers on a flat knitting machine may involve knitting a first yarn having a first feature and a second yarn having a second feature as joined yarns to form a first section, wherein the first yarn is a first body yarn and the second yarn is a first plate yarn. Positioning the first and second yarns in a second section of the shoe upper is further involved by adjusting the position of the yarns using a first independent feeder and a second independent feeder.Furthermore, knitting the first yarn and the second threads as joined yarns to form a second section, wherein the first yarn is a second sheet yarn and the second yarn is a second body yarn; wherein the position of the yarns creates a first predetermined design in a first of the shoe uppers and a paired predetermined design in a second of the shoe uppers.

[0041] In some embodiments, a knitting element can include first and second sections and a further third section in which the positioning of the yarns is controlled by adjusting the yarn positions through the controlled positioning of the first and second independent feeds. After positioning the feeds as required for knitting the first and second yarns, separate interlocking systems are used so that the first yarn forms a first knitted structure and the second yarn forms a second knitted structure.

[0042] In some knitting elements, three or more threads (e.g., yarns) can be used to create a double-layered knitting element in several sections.

[0043] At least one of the sections may contain a jacquard pattern using at least two yarns. For example, a shoe upper may contain a first section, a second section, a third section, and / or a fourth section constructed from three or more strands (e.g., yarns). The shoe upper may also contain a double-layered knitted element in multiple sections and feature a jacquard pattern using at least two yarns in at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth sections.

[0044] A method for generating a knitted element may involve executing a knitting program based on a predetermined design for the knitted element in a controller for a flat knitting machine. Some methods may involve executing a knitting program based on predetermined designs for knitted elements for a pair of shoe uppers in a controller for a flat knitting machine. In some cases, this may involve setting an initial knitting pattern for the first predetermined design of the first shoe upper to generate a paired knitting pattern that determines the paired predetermined design.

[0045] In each of the embodiments described herein, the knitted elements and / or the upper part can be designed and constructed to form one or more zones exhibiting predetermined properties. These zones can be formed from threads, including yarns, possessing a predetermined property, including but not limited to elasticity, melting point, thermoregulation, antistatic, antibacterial, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, data transmission, strength, weight, breathability, moisture-wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, damping, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, predetermined energy absorption, and / or luminescence.

[0046] Knitting structures can be applied to specific locations within a knitted article, knitted element, or knitted upper to impart specific properties and / or functionalities where required. For example, knitted elements used on the lateral and / or medial sides of a shoe upper may incorporate interwoven threads, such as multiple yarns. In sections of an upper, threads may be separated to selectively introduce threads, such as yarns, at predetermined positions within the knitted element. Furthermore, the selective placement of threads can enable the creation of tight knitted structures to enhance stability. In some embodiments, for instance, a temperature-regulating yarn may be positioned on the inside of the article, while a water-repellent yarn may be positioned on the outside.

[0047] Such a design can be useful for footwear if, for example, it is equipped with different functions on the inside and outside.

[0048] The use of knitting machines with independently controlled feeders (e.g., Stoll ADF knitting machines), which allow for the direct feeding of threads (e.g., yarns), can significantly reduce knitting times depending on the materials, designs, stitch types, etc. Reducing knitting times for complex knitted elements can also lower the production costs for a given knitted element.

[0049] Furthermore, the development of knitting machine configurations that allow threads (e.g., yarns) to be fed from a position above the needle bed to the needle can permit a more consistent delivery of threads to the needle. Such a configuration reduces the length of the thread path from the bobbin to the needle and thus the risk of breakage. Additionally, the tension in the threads must be maintained over a shorter distance, which can reduce tension loss. In particular, such a configuration can allow the threads to be delivered to the needle with a predetermined tension.

[0050] In some cases, the machines may include feeders, needles, and / or needle beds that can move in two or more planes. In some cases, feeders, needles, and / or needle beds may move in three planes.

[0051] Feeders can be selected based on their ability to form multiple types of knitting structures; for example, a multi-purpose feeder can be selected based on its ability to knit, braid, inlay, and / or create intarsia.

[0052] Using independently controlled feeders that can be reused multiple times can allow for better control of yarn positioning, increase design flexibility and / or reduce knitting time.

[0053] For example, an article comprising a knitting element, wherein the knitting element comprises: a first section comprising at least two joined yarns, both yarns forming at least one loop; a second section in which the yarns diverge, comprising: (a) at least one first knitting structure formed from a first yarn of the joined yarns; and (b) at least one second knitting structure formed from a second yarn of the joined yarns separately from the first knitting structure.

[0054] Threads can be selectively positioned within a knitted fabric to create areas with predefined physical properties. In some cases, the positioning of the threads (e.g., yarns, filaments, or wires) can be controlled so that each transition in the physical properties of the knitted fabric is gradual.

[0055] Extended materials such as threads, yarns, layers, fibers, filaments, wires, or similar can be fed into a knitting machine with one or more feeders. In some cases, several threads can be knitted together as merged yarns. Merging and / or diverging yarns allows for a high degree of flexibility in the yarns and / or the physical properties of sections of the knitted fabric. Controlling the positioning of one or more threads, such as yarns, fibers, and / or filaments, can enable these threads to merge and diverge within a knitted element. For example, a merged yarn within a knitted fabric or knitted element can be positioned to form a stitch and / or knitted structure.Merging and / or diverging yarns can enable the control of the amount of a particular material in a knitted fabric and / or knitted element by controlling the number of threads, such as yarns, fibers, filaments and / or layers, available for positioning in the knitted fabric.

[0056] Controlling whether a yarn is available for positioning within the knitted fabric can involve controlling the movement of one or more feeders, one or more needles, and / or the needle bed. Furthermore, the needle types used and the method employed can influence the positioning of the yarns within the knitted fabric.

[0057] Positioning individual yarns, threads, strands, or groups of strands can be used to control the properties of a knitted fabric, such as a knitted fabric for making a shoe. For example, some knitted elements can include zones with predetermined properties that are useful for different shoe components.

[0058] Controlling yarn positioning can involve controlling how the yarn is fed to the knitting machine's needles. Using multiple feeders increases flexibility because the order in which the yarn is placed on the needles can be controlled on a needle-by-needle basis. This, in turn, affects the placement of the yarn within each stitch.

[0059] For example, using merged and / or diverging yarns can enable the creation of multiaxial and multilayered knitted reinforced structures with single-needle precision. The ability to control yarn placement on the needle increases flexibility in yarn placement within the knit and allows for further functional improvements.

[0060] Placing yarns with single-needle precision allows for the creation of knitted pieces and / or knitted elements that are fully customizable or designed for a specific user, sport, and / or visual effect. This allows designs to be flexible in terms of material placement and improves a design's ability to meet functional needs.

[0061] In many designs, the threads, such as yarns, can be metered in this section of the knitted fabric depending on the desired properties. The textile properties can be controlled in detail because it is possible to use a wide range of base materials on a stitch-by-stitch basis. For example, it is possible to "meter" the knitted fabric or knitted element by means of targeted interlacing sequences to achieve specific product properties.

[0062] The ability to control the positioning of the yarns on a needle plane makes it possible to create various inlay shapes. For example, there are few or no limitations on rectangular or curved pattern elements. This allows for the creation of sporty silhouettes, fading effects, and more.

[0063] The use of blended and / or diverging yarns allows for seamless transitions between areas of the knitted fabric that have different properties. These seamless transitions reduce breaks and / or irregularities in the knitted fabric.

[0064] Controlling the positioning of the yarns in the manner described here reduces the forces exerted on the stretched materials, e.g., yarns, during loop formation. This makes it possible to use a wider range of materials in the knitted fabric, e.g., materials that are not easy to process. For example, materials such as stiff upholstery materials, conductive yarns, thick multifilament blends, non-stretch yarns, metallic yarns, reflective yarns, high-tenacity yarns, etc.

[0065] Using the methods described here to control yarn positioning allows for additional degrees of freedom; for example, individual yarn materials can be processed into highly complex textile products. Furthermore, superimposed knitting structures can be used in combination with existing knitting techniques.

[0066] As described here, controlling the positioning of the yarns at the level of a single stitch and / or within a single stitch allows for the individual treatment of design features.

[0067] Knitting machines can be set and / or controlled so that the yarns within the knitting elements can be positioned in such a way that the knitting elements have certain predetermined properties.

[0068] For example, needles can be selected based on their ability to create specific stitch types, stitch sizes, stitches, or inserts containing a predetermined number of strands, and / or desired properties determined by the product designer and / or selected by the user. The needles can include, but are not limited to, combed needles, tongue needles, etc. The needle size used can be selected, for example, based on the design of the knitted element.

[0069] The position of the needles can be controlled to influence the stitches. Needle positions include, but are not limited to, open, closed, half-open, and / or half-closed.

[0070] In some embodiments, the movement of one or more needles can be controlled to regulate the positioning and / or tension of the yarns. For example, needles can be moved in a single plane, such as in a specific direction. The needles can be moved left, right, up, down, forward, and / or backward.

[0071] In some embodiments, a needle bed can be moved. Moving the needle bed can allow additional control over the positioning of strands or yarns and / or the size, shape, and / or functional properties of knitted structures.

[0072] Moving feeders in one or more planes allows for additional control over the positioning of yarns, strands, threads, filaments, and / or any extended materials that can be positioned on a knitting machine. For example, feeders and / or parts thereof can be moved in three planes to adjust the positioning of extended materials used in the production of a knitted element. Independently controlled feeders allow for increased flexibility and reduced knitting times.

[0073] In some embodiments, movable parts of the locking system are also used in one or more planes to adjust the positioning of the yarns.

[0074] Expanded materials can be fed to a knitting machine via one or more feeders. Individual feeders can be positioned so that predetermined expanded materials are picked up by one or more needles. In some cases, individual feeders can be moved to position one or more expanded materials, such as in a float feeder. Multiple feeders can be used to supply several expanded materials, which are used to create knitted structures and / or stitches.

[0075] Traditionally, yarns can be either bonded yarns or blended yarns before entering the feeder. Blended yarns are hybrid structures in which two different materials are mixed together in the form of fibers to create continuous yarns. In blending technology, air currents can be used to mix two types of filaments at the filament level.

[0076] Stitches can encompass all constructions that can be formed with yarns, threads, or filaments on a knitting machine. For example, loops, floats, float inserts, pleats, transitions, etc., are examples of stitches that can be used to create various knitted structures. In some cases, a knitted structure may consist of a single stitch. In other cases, however, a knitted structure is a combination of several stitches.

[0077] Stitches can be formed by controlling various aspects of the machine, including, for example, needles, locks, guides, drawstrings, carriages, feeders and / or tensioners, but are not limited to these.

[0078] The invention enables a knitted element to have functional zones by joining and / or diverging yarns. For example, knitted footwear can be designed to have specific functions in certain areas by having two yarns diverge into separate sections. In the first section, the two yarns form loops, while in the second section, the two yarns diverge, so that the first yarn forms a first knitted structure, while the second yarn forms a second knitted structure separate from the first. In this way, the first section can have significantly different properties than the second section. Examples are given below.

[0079] To further control the positioning of materials in a multi-layered knitted element, the joining and / or diverging of yarns can be combined with exchange and Jacquard techniques, for example, on a flat knitting machine. This allows, for instance, the selective placement of yarns with different properties or colors within a double-layered knitted element to tailor the knitted element to the needs of the end application. Specifically, several yarns can be interwoven to create an area with one or more predetermined properties. The yarns can then be separated, causing them to diverge, and the subsequent loop formation can be controlled so that one yarn forms a knitted structure on a back needle bed, while a second yarn forms a structure on a front needle bed.In some cases, after divergence, three knitting structures can be formed: one on the front needle bed (e.g., loop, fold, etc.), one on the back needle bed (e.g., loop, slip stitch, etc.), and knitting structures formed between the beds (e.g., float, etc.).

[0080] Merging and / or diverging yarns can involve controlling settings on a knitting machine to position yarns, for example, to separate merged yarns. For instance, the carriage and / or feeders can be controlled to form a predetermined number of stitches with multiple yarns in a sequence. Specifically, the knitting machine carriage can move in one direction for the predetermined number of stitches. The carriage and / or feeders can then reverse and move in the opposite direction for a predetermined number of stitches.

[0081] In some cases, for example, a knitted structure can be created on one side of a knit fabric on a double-bed machine while the machine carriage moves in a first direction. The feeders can move independently of the carriage. After the knitted structure has been created, the machine can reverse and move in a second direction, creating further knitted structures on the original side, the other side of the fabric, and / or on both sides of the fabric.

[0082] According to the invention, the locks, pins, and needles of a knitting machine can be used cooperatively. The pins can, in particular, cover or assist the movement of the needles, especially when the needles move to pick up new yarns. Pins and needles can function in the same way when using join and / or divergence, but the resulting knitting technique and / or structure can differ. The join and / or divergence techniques described here allow for the separation of at least two yarn ends after they have been knitted together on a specific needle. The two or even more yarn ends can then be systematically separated (e.g., by divergence) and each fed to a different needle. These techniques, implemented in a knitting system, enable a variety of new binding structures, including the slip-thread insertion technique.

[0083] In some cases, yarns that were previously knitted separately can be joined together to be knitted together. For example, joined yarns that diverged for one or more stitches can later be joined and knitted together. This significantly improves the ability to selectively place yarns and thus control the properties of the resulting knitted piece. In some cases, yarns that were previously knitted separately can be joined and knitted together as joined yarns.

[0084] In general, combining and / or diverging allows a designer, developer and / or end user to create patterns and textures and to change the wearing properties and / or technical properties of a knitted structure.

[0085] Further advantages of the present invention include the possibility of determining on which layer of a multi-layered knitted element specific yarns, threads, layers, or filaments are knitted. By diverging yarns, each yarn can form separate and different knitted structures with the next stitch. For example, after the yarns separate, a first knitted structure can be formed in a first layer, and a second yarn can form a second knitted structure in a second layer.

[0086] Another advantage is that very precise sections or zones can be formed by merging and / or diverging yarns. For example, the first section has a very sharp boundary with the second, which allows for the creation of very precise knitting patterns.

[0087] Furthermore, controlling the placement using the methods described here enables precise yarn placement at a level that was previously impossible. For example, yarns can be selectively placed stitch by stitch. This allows for unique connections between sections of the knitted fabric.

[0088] Furthermore, the use of merging and / or divergence enables the production and design of customizable knitted elements with precise yarn placement configurations. This degree of control over yarn placement can reduce material costs, particularly yarn costs. In some cases, merging and / or divergence enhances the ability to selectively place yarns with predetermined physical properties in highly precise configurations. Predetermined physical properties of interest might include, for example, elasticity, melting properties, resistance (e.g., to abrasion, cut, heat, fire, water, chemicals), thermoregulation, grip, conductivity (e.g., thermal and / or electrical), and strength (e.g., tensile strength).tensile strength), weight, breathability, moisture-wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, damping, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity (e.g., to chemicals, environmental conditions, including moisture, and / or energy, especially light, heat, or cold), luminescence, etc.

[0089] Specific predetermined properties of interest and the positioning of yarns that possess these properties and / or are capable of transferring these properties to the final article can be determined by an end user, a designer, a developer, and / or the requirements of the article. By using yarn blending and divergence, a designer, a developer, and / or an end user can control yarn placement to create customizable footwear. For example, for the upper of a soccer cleat, it may be advantageous to position certain yarn types on the outer surface of the shoe's primary striking areas to enhance grip, while incorporating a cushioning yarn positioned near predetermined parts of the foot during use.The controlled positioning of yarns through merging and / or divergence can be used to position a yarn with grip properties and a yarn with cushioning properties to create specific zones on a shoe. In some cases of a multi-layered knitted upper, these zones can be selectively positioned on individual layers through a combination of merging and divergence.

[0090] Furthermore, the revealed technique also allows for tighter knitting, enabling the production of footwear with improved stability. By allowing the merged yarns to diverge into separate yarns, there are more possibilities for joining the front and back of the knitted element, or even for joining "sections" of the knit with different properties. This allows for a knitted element with less stretch, which is often desirable in certain positions. For example, increased stability may be desired in a shoe upper on the medial and / or lateral sides, in the heel area, in the toe box, around lace holes, and / or other openings. Specific configurations may depend on the type of shoe or garment.

[0091] Furthermore, the techniques of the present invention provide a knitted material that is less prone to tangling and unraveling (similar to anti-snag chain knitting, since the materials do not affect the entire row when pulled). For example, the yarns are individually secured both within the knitted fabric and when joining, allowing for additional and separate connections that increase the connectivity between the materials and reduce the likelihood of the knitted element unraveling due to tangling.

[0092] According to the invention, the object can be footwear, a shoe upper, an element for use on a shoe, a garment or another object that can be worn on the body or carried, such as a bag.

[0093] The first and / or second knitting structures can include loops, catch patterns, or floats. In this way, a wide variety of knitting structures can be created using folded yarns.

[0094] The knitted element comprises a front and a back, wherein at least one of the first and second knitted structures is arranged in the space between the front and back of the knitted element.

[0095] A double-layered knitted element can have a front and a back, with the first knitted structure formed on the front of the element and the second knitted structure on the back. This configuration allows the front and back of the knitted element to have different functions in the second section compared to the first. Thus, in the first section, both yarns are on one side (or front) of the knitted element (e.g., the back), while in the second section, the first yarn can be on the first side of the knitted element and the second yarn on the second side.

[0096] The knit structure on the reverse side can contain at least one held stitch to create at least one three-dimensional effect in the knitwear. In this way, a 3D effect can be achieved, meaning the knitted element takes on a three-dimensional appearance instead of being flat. Simultaneously, the knit structure on the front side, formed by a first yarn, can provide a specific function, such as water repellency, abrasion resistance, stiffness, etc. Furthermore, by holding a stitch of a second yarn on the reverse side, a single jersey top, for example, can be shaped by joining, divergence, or a combination thereof to create three-dimensional structures. The single jersey top can be seamless, and while the first yarn continues with loops, the second yarn can form block or catch stitch patterns.

[0097] The first yarn can form loops, and the second yarn can be used as a tension yarn. This allows for a variety of different functions. For example, a non-elastic tension yarn can reduce the elasticity of the knitted element. An elastic tension yarn can create stretches and / or varying degrees of compression. This flexibility allows for a more discreet and adaptable positioning of the yarns within the garment.

[0098] The first yarn can form loops, and the second yarn can form tuck / quilted patterns. This creates a three-dimensional, wavy structure. It also reduces the stretching of the knitted piece.

[0099] The knitted element can also include a second section, which is knitted as an intarsia, with the first and second sections connected by knitted stitches. This allows for the creation of different zones within the knitted element.

[0100] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a knitted component for an article, comprising: knitting a first section comprising at least two yarns joined together, wherein both yarns form at least one loop; separating the at least two yarns joined together; and knitting a second section comprising: (a) knitting at least one first stitch formed from a first yarn of the joined yarns; and (b) knitting at least one second stitch formed from a second yarn of the joined yarns separately from the first stitch.

[0101] In some cases, the separated yarns can be held using a thread-holding element, e.g., a feeder, a needle and / or a lace.

[0102] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a knitted component for footwear, the method comprising: (a) knitting at least one part of an upper using a knitting machine; (b) holding the part of the upper on needles of the knitting machine; (c) knitting a heel part using the knitting machine while the part of the upper is held on the needles; and (d) joining the heel part to the first part of the knitted element.

[0103] This aspect of the present invention makes it possible to form a knitted upper with a three-dimensional shape in a single production step. An additional step of joining the heel section to the rest of the upper can be omitted, thus saving production time and costs.

[0104] The upper part can be the forefoot, shaft, midfoot, or a combination thereof. This allows an entire upper or just a section of it, along with the heel, to be formed in a single production step.

[0105] The knitting machine can comprise at least two needle beds, wherein the upper part can be held on a first needle bed. Machines with two needle beds are common, so the method according to the invention can be carried out on a variety of different knitting machines. While part of the upper is held on the first needle bed, the heel part can be formed on the second needle bed of the same machine.

[0106] The heel section can be knitted from the bottom to the top. Knitting in this direction can allow for additional flexibility when creating uppers with a mid- or high-top shape. 4. Brief description of the characters

[0107] Aspects of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. These figures show: Fig. 1A the general concept of merging and diverging underlying the present invention; Fig. 1B Divergence of three merged yarns into separate yarns; Fig. 1C is an example of two yarns joined together; Fig. 1D an example of three yarns joined together in a loop; Fig. 2 a configuration with three yarns joined together, which are separated, for example, to form different knitting structures; Fig. 3A a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 3B a part of a machine knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 3C a part of a machine knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 4A the reverse side of a knitted element according to the invention; Fig. 4B the front side of a knitted element according to the invention; Fig. 5A is an example of a knitting sequence showing the joining and diverging of two yarns; Fig. 5B is an example of a knitting sequence that represents the joining and diverging of two yarns; Fig. 5C is an example of a knitting sequence that represents the joining and diverging of two yarns; Fig. 5D an example of a knitted element using the in Fig. 5C shown knitting sequence; Fig. 6 an example of a knitting sequence showing the joining and diverging of several yarns and including floats; Fig. 7 an illustration of two stitch positions with a height of two rows; Fig. 8 a perspective view of a partial knitted structure knitted on two knitting beds; Fig. 9A a perspective view of a variant of merge and divergence that can be used within the scope of the present invention; Fig. 9B a perspective view of a variant of Merge and Diverge that can be used within the scope of the present invention; Fig. 10A-D Examples of knitted fabrics incorporating knitting techniques that can generally be combined with joining and / or diverging according to the present invention; Fig. 11A-B Examples of knitted fabrics incorporating knitting techniques that can generally be combined with joining and / or diverging according to the present invention; Fig. 12 an illustration of a combination of different knitting techniques in an upper for a shoe; Fig. 13 another illustration of a combination of different knitting techniques in an upper for a shoe; Fig. 14A-E an example of an upper for a shoe; Fig. 15A-E another illustration of a combination of different knitting techniques in an upper for a shoe; Fig. 16 a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a collar of a top part; Fig. 17 a schematic drawing of another exemplary embodiment of an upper part; Fig. 18A the combination of replacement with an inlay technique; Fig. 18B the exchange alone; Fig. 18C selective merging; Fig. 19 a knitting sequence for a twin-needle bed flat knitting machine; Fig. 20A-B Images of a knitting machine; Fig. 21 a picture of a carriage on a knitting machine; Fig. 22 a picture of a knitting machine; Fig. 23 a picture of the needle beds of a knitting machine; Fig. 24 a picture of a knitting machine; Fig. 25 a knitting sequence for a knitting element comprising a merged yarn section, a jacquard knitting section and another merged yarn section; Fig. 26 a machine knitting sequence for a sequence that is connected with the in Fig. 25 is comparable; Fig. 27 a knitted element that combines joining and diverging with a single jersey fabric; Fig. 28 a knitting element that combines joining and diverging with partial knitting; Fig. 29 a knitted element for a shoe upper which uses exchange to selectively position yarns in a predetermined configuration; Fig. 30 a single system and a needle bed of a flatbed knitting machine; Fig. 31 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 32 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 33 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 34 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 35 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 36 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 37 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 38 a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 39A-C a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; Fig. 40A-C a knitting sequence for at least a part of a knitting element according to the invention; and Fig. 41 a part of a knitting element demonstrating the use of joining and diverging yarns according to the invention. 5. Detailed description of preferred embodiments

[0108] The following section describes embodiments and variants of the present invention in more detail.

[0109] Threads within the meaning of the present invention can refer to extended materials supplied to a knitting machine. In particular, the threads can be supplied from a feeder. Threads as used herein refer to one or more extended materials, including, but not limited to, layers, plies of threads, filaments, wires, or yarns supplied via a single feeder. Yarns can refer to extended materials, including, but not limited to, a structure of one or more fibers that is long relative to their diameter, and / or extruded materials.

[0110] Different functions can be achieved, for example, by using different types of interwoven threads, especially various functional yarns. Functional yarns can include, for example, thermoregulating yarns, water-repellent yarns, waterproof yarns, moisture-wicking yarns, hydrophobic yarns, flame-retardant yarns, cut-resistant yarns, insulating yarns, antistatic yarns, hybrid yarns, hydrophilic yarns, absorbent yarns, bulky yarns, monofilament yarns, multifilament yarns, any specialty yarns that possess properties desired on an outer surface of the knitted element, especially the outer surface of a shoe upper, and / or combinations thereof.

[0111] The yarns used can be made from materials such as cotton, carbon, ceramics (e.g., bioceramics), polypropylene, polyester, acrylic, wool (e.g., merino, cashmere), mohair, viscose, silk, cellulose fibers, casein fibers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyester, polyamide, phenoxy, copolyester (CoPES), copolyamide (CoPA), metals including but not limited to silver, copper, nickel, titanium, or combinations thereof, such as a nickel-titanium yarn, and / or combinations thereof. In some cases, the yarns can be formed from several materials. In particular, a polyester yarn can be blended and extruded with additives, including but not limited to titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, fibers such as carbon fiber, and / or other additives known in the prior art.

[0112] Furthermore, different types of yarn can be used in a knitted element to give it specific properties. In some cases, yarns can be supplied to a needle via different feeds. Alternatively, yarns can be combined before being fed so that they are supplied to a needle from a single feed.

[0113] For the production of knitwear according to certain embodiments of the present invention, a variety of different threads, such as yarns, can be used. For example, a temperature-regulating yarn and a water-repellent yarn can be used in combination. Temperature-regulating yarns can take many forms and exhibit structural and material differences from standard polyester yarns. For example, a flat profile may be preferred over a traditionally spun yarn. In addition, some temperature-regulating yarns may incorporate natural materials such as wool and / or synthetic materials such as polypropylene.

[0114] Functional yarns can transport and / or absorb moisture, such as perspiration. They can be electrically conductive, self-cleaning, thermoregulating (e.g., infrared-sensitive yarns), insulating, flame-retardant, ultraviolet-absorbing, ultraviolet-stable, antibacterial, or a combination thereof. They can be suitable for sensor applications. Antibacterial yarns, such as silver yarns, prevent odor formation.

[0115] Stainless steel yarns can incorporate fibers from natural materials such as wool, synthetic materials such as synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester), nylon, polyester blends, and stainless steel. The properties of stainless steel yarn include temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, thermal abrasion, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, tensile strength, antistatic properties, EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding ability, and sterilizability. In some cases, yarn properties, such as conductivity, can be controlled by varying the yarn composition. The stainless steel yarns used here may be made from one or more filaments. When multifilaments are used, twist configurations can be employed to control the yarn's properties.

[0116] In some cases, threads can be coated with materials to give a section, knitted element, or garment the desired properties. For example, some threads can be coated with carbon nanotubes. In some cases, yarns can be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene or a material with a melting point within a desired range.

[0117] Electrically conductive yarns can be used in knitted textiles for the integration of electronic devices. These yarns can, for example, transmit impulses from sensors to devices for processing the impulses, or the yarns themselves can function as sensors and, for example, measure electrical currents on the skin or physiological magnetic fields. Examples of the use of textile-based electrodes can be found in European patent application EP 1 916 323.

[0118] In some cases, yarns can be used that change their phase due to the input of energy, e.g. binding yarns, melt yarns, which include materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane “TPU”, copolyester “CoPES”, copolyamide “CoPA”, polyester, polyamide, phenoxy and / or combinations thereof.

[0119] Melt yarns can be a blend of a thermoplastic yarn and a non-thermoplastic yarn. There are essentially three types of melt yarns: a thermoplastic yarn wrapped around a non-thermoplastic yarn; a non-thermoplastic yarn wrapped around a thermoplastic yarn; and pure melt yarn made from a thermoplastic material. After being heated to its melting temperature, the thermoplastic yarn fuses with the non-thermoplastic yarn (e.g., polyester or nylon), stiffening the knitted fabric.

[0120] The melting temperature of the thermoplastic yarn is determined according to standard methods known in the prior art and is generally lower than that of the non-thermoplastic yarn in the case of a blended yarn.

[0121] Controlled positioning of extended materials, such as threads, yarns, filaments, layers, strands, or similar, which either possess specific properties and / or are capable of conveying them, based on predetermined knitting configurations, may be desirable for producing a knitted fabric for a specific use. For example, a knitted fabric for use on an item may be designed by an end user, a designer, a developer, and / or based on the item's requirements. By using merge and diverge, a designer, developer, and / or end user can control the placement of yarns to create customizable footwear. This can reduce the overall amount of material required for a given design, as it allows for the controlled placement of materials.

[0122] The use of knitting machines with independently controlled feeders (e.g., Stoll ADF knitting machines), which allow for direct yarn feeding, can significantly reduce knitting times depending on the material, design, stitch type, etc. Furthermore, the development of knitting machine configurations that allow yarn to be fed from a position above the needle bed to the needle feeder can ensure a more consistent yarn feed to the needle. Such a configuration reduces the length of the yarn path from the bobbin to the needle and thus the risk of defects. Additionally, the tension in the yarns must be maintained over a shorter distance, which can reduce tension loss.

[0123] In some embodiments, threads can be supplied to feeders by feeding devices capable of delivering threads with a predetermined tension to feeders and / or needles. The tensions of the threads supplied to the feeders can be controlled in a range of approximately 0.5 cN to approximately 40 cN. In some embodiments, the thread tensions can be controlled so that the threads enter the feeders with tensions in the range of approximately 0.5 cN to approximately 20 cN. Threads can be supplied to the feeders with a predetermined tension based on the design requirements for a specific application, such as a particular type of athletic shoe.For example, a shoe design might involve providing yarn tension such that the first section of the upper is knitted with yarn tension ranging from approximately 0.5 cN to 2.5 cN, while a second section is knitted with yarn tension maintained between approximately 0.8 cN and 1.5 cN. The design, desired functionality, and / or yarn properties can determine the specific tensions used.

[0124] Controlling yarn tension can ensure consistent stitch size within a garment and / or knitted element. Furthermore, controlling the tension of a yarn fed to a feeder and / or needle can improve design consistency across different sizes. For example, tension can be controlled to maintain a stitch size within a predetermined tolerance for a specific design across different sizes.

[0125] Furthermore, controlling the tension of a yarn supplied to a feeder and / or needle can increase the consistency of stitch sizes during a production run. By controlling the tension in the yarns supplied to the feeders and / or needles, the quality of individual knitted elements, garments, and an entire production run can be improved, thus reducing production costs, for example, due to lower scrap rates. In some cases, the tension can be controlled to ensure that the stitch size remains within a predetermined tolerance for a specific design throughout a production run.

[0126] In some embodiments, yarn tension control can enable the production of a series of knitted elements, such as shoe uppers, so that all knitted elements are produced with yarns of essentially the same tension. Such tension control makes it possible to achieve consistent production. For example, yarn tension control can ensure that the elongation in the knitted elements is consistent.

[0127] Furthermore, in some embodiments, controlling the yarn tension can ensure that the design appears consistent across multiple and different sizes, as well as throughout the entire production run. This can improve quality assurance metrics for a production run. For example, tension control can enable a lower reject rate and ensure consistent surfaces of the knitted element, allowing finishing processes to be applied to the surface of the knitted fabric to be applied consistently. In some cases, the elongation and / or surface consistency can also be controlled by external elements, such as a skin layer.

[0128] Feeding devices can include, among others, Memminger devices (e.g., EFS 700, EFS 800, EFS 920, MSF 3, SFE), LGL devices, and the like, which supply yarn to a knitting machine. The use of feeding devices allows one or more yarns to be delivered to the feeder and / or needle at a predetermined tension.

[0129] In some cases, knitting systems may include feeders, needles, and / or needle beds that can move. For example, one or more needles and / or feeders may move in one or more directions. In some cases, feeders, needles, and / or needle beds may move in two or more planes.

[0130] The needles and / or feeders can move in multiple planes or axes. For example, in some cases, needle movement can occur in two or more planes. Specifically, the needles can move along the needle bed (e.g., transversely, left-right), between the needle beds (i.e., front-back), up / down relative to the needle bed, and / or a combination thereof. In some cases, movement can occur in two planes simultaneously; for example, a needle can move toward the space between the needle beds while simultaneously moving upward and away from the needle bed, so that the needle movement is essentially at an angle relative to the needle bed.

[0131] Positioning of the threads within a knitting element can be influenced, for example, by the movement of the needle bed and / or the needles (e.g., horizontal positioning, vertical positioning, forward-backward positioning), the type of needles, the movement of the feeders and / or the movement of the carriage.

[0132] In the context of the present invention, "joining" means the simultaneous feeding of at least two extended materials such as threads (i.e., filaments, layers, strands, wires and / or yarns) to a needle position of a knitting machine. For example, two threads fed from different feeders can be positioned with a single needle so that they are knitted together to form a single loop.

[0133] Positioning the feeders can be used to control the placement of the threads in a needle, which determines the thread's position in a loop. For example, in a section of fabric using two yarns, one thread or yarn might appear on the back of the loop, while the other appears on the front. It is possible to exchange these yarns by changing the position of the feeders that supply the yarns to a knitting machine.

[0134] Furthermore, the use of merge and / or divergence enables the production and design of customizable knitted elements with precise yarn placement configurations. This degree of control over yarn placement can reduce material costs, particularly yarn costs. In some cases, merge and / or divergence enhances the ability to selectively place yarns with predetermined physical properties in highly precise configurations. Certain physical properties of interest might include, for example, elasticity, melting properties, resistance (e.g., to abrasion, cut, heat, fire, water, chemicals), thermoregulation, grip, conductivity (e.g., thermal and / or electrical), and strength (e.g., tensile strength).tensile strength), weight, breathability, moisture transport, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, cushioning, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity (e.g. to chemicals, environmental conditions, including moisture, and / or energy, especially light, heat or cold), luminescence, etc., are included.

[0135] In some cases, yarns with different melting temperatures can be used. By carefully positioning the yarns, for example by merging, diverging, or a combination of both, the activation temperature of specific areas of an article, such as a knitted top, can be controlled by selectively placing yarns based on their melting temperatures. For example, a melt yarn with a lower melting temperature can be used in areas where it is difficult to provide the energy needed to melt the yarns. Alternatively, yarns with a higher melting temperature can be used in areas with high friction or in close proximity to the foot. For example, yarns with a higher melting temperature can be used in areas of increased friction, such as...Shoelace holes where the interaction between the shoelaces and the item, such as a top, can generate heat.

[0136] In particular, zones of varying stability can be placed within a knitted element, corresponding, for example, to the instep, heel counter, and / or toe area. Another example involves using melt yarns with a higher melting point in the toe area and / or heel counter. Using blending and / or diverging in combination with the melt yarns allows for customized solutions that permit the placement of melt yarns in very precise configurations. In some cases, a yarn with a lower melting point can be used in the tongue, while a yarn with a higher melting point can be used in the heel and / or toe area. Such combinations can be used throughout the knitted element to create zones with different physical properties, depending on the intended use of the knitted element.

[0137] A shrinkable yarn can be a two-component yarn. The outer component is a shrinkable material that shrinks when a defined temperature is exceeded. The inner component is a non-shrinkable yarn, such as polyester or nylon. Shrinkage increases the stiffness of the textile material.

[0138] Other yarns used in knitwear include luminescent or reflective yarns and so-called "smart" yarns. Examples of smart yarns include nanotech yarns and / or yarns that react to moisture, heat, cold, energy input, or other environmental conditions and change their properties accordingly, e.g., contracting or expanding.

[0139] In some cases, threads can shrink or change their volume depending on environmental conditions. Temperature and / or humidity can affect threads such as yarns and knitted items or garments made from them. For example, a yarn may shrink after being exposed to a certain environmental condition, thus increasing the permeability of the knitted component. Furthermore, some yarns may be designed so that the diameter of the yarn swells while its length decreases when exposed to a specific environmental condition or set of environmental conditions. For example, yarns can be affected by the presence of water.

[0140] In some cases, threads, such as yarns, can be transformed by the application of energy. For example, a yarn containing carbon nanotubes and / or extruded hollow yarns may contain an energy-sensitive material that transforms when energy is applied. For instance, a yarn containing carbon nanotubes and / or extruded hollow yarns may have hollow regions filled with an energy-sensitive material that transforms (e.g., swells) when energy is applied.

[0141] Yarns made of piezoelectric fibers or yarns coated with a piezoelectric substance can convert kinetic energy or pressure changes into electricity, which can provide energy to, for example, sensors, transmitters or accumulators.

[0142] In some cases, dissolvable yarns can be used during knitting by controlled yarn positioning, for example, by joining and / or diverging. This can allow for the construction of a knitted fabric with zones or geometries that are modified during or before use. For example, it can be useful to have a yarn as a placeholder during knitting that can influence the structure of the stitches and / or the structure of the knitted fabric and is later removed in the finished product. These dissolvable yarns can be placed much more precisely using joining and / or diverging techniques.

[0143] In some cases, yarns can be treated, e.g., washed, coated, heat-treated, steamed, annealed, and / or subjected to other treatments known in the prior art, to produce a yarn with predetermined properties. Using controlled positioning of the yarns, e.g., by joining, diverging, or a combination thereof, allows for greater specificity in the placement of the yarns in a knitwear product, particularly a garment and / or an element used in footwear. The first and second knit structures can overlap, at least partially. Thus, the knit element in the overlap area can, for example, have two different functions, such as being water-repellent and insulating.

[0144] Controlling the positioning of yarns in a knitting element can be achieved by controlling one or more elements of a knitting machine, which may include, but are not limited to, feeders, carriages, needles, needle beds and / or locking systems.

[0145] Knitting systems that incorporate individually controlled feeders enable the precise positioning of extended materials, such as yarns. Individually controlled feeders allow for the continuous operation of knitting machine components like carriages. Continuous carriage operation in a knitting machine can reduce the overall knitting time for a given knitting element. Controlling and / or reducing the knitting time for a specific knitting element, in turn, can lower production costs compared to conventional methods.

[0146] Using independently controlled feeders can enable complex, adaptable knitting elements that incorporate adaptable knitting structures and reduce production costs by minimizing knitting times.

[0147] In some embodiments, the recoil of a carriage can be used to control the position of the yarns in the knitted fabric. The recoil refers, for example, to the movement of a carriage in a first direction, followed by a slight movement of the carriage in the opposite direction. Generally, knitting then continues in the first direction. However, recoils typically increase knitting time and therefore production costs. It has been estimated that recoil can increase knitting time by at least 50% or more. Furthermore, recoil may necessitate the use of a locking system to ensure that the yarns are positioned accurately.

[0148] In some embodiments, independently movable feeders can be used to control the positioning of strands, such as yarns.

[0149] In the context of the present invention, "joining" refers to the simultaneous feeding of at least two extended materials (i.e., filaments, layers, threads and / or yarns) to a needle position of a knitting machine. For example, two threads fed from different feeders can be positioned with one needle so that they are knitted together to form a loop.

[0150] Feeder positioning can be used to control the positioning of the threads in a needle, which determines the position of the yarn in a loop. For example, in a section of fabric using two yarns, one thread or yarn might appear on the back of the loop, while the other appears on the front. It is possible to exchange these threads by changing the position of the feeders that supply the threads to a knitting machine. Swapping the positions of the threads in a loop or other knitting structure and knitting a section is referred to here as swapping.

[0151] Fig. Figure 1A illustrates the general concept of controlled yarn positioning, e.g., joining and diverging, which underlies the present invention. Generally, by feeding at least two threads, e.g., yarns, together to the needles of a knitting machine, these threads are knitted together, but in such a way that one thread or yarn always appears on the back of the layer, while the other appears on the front. It is possible to exchange the position of these threads in the next knitting structure by changing the position of the feeders on the knitting machine; this is an example of such an exchange.

[0152] Fig. 1A represents a section of a textile knitted on a double-bed knitting machine. Loop 10 comprises two strands 11 and 12, which were knitted on a front needle bed. Strands 11 and 12 are then separated and transferred to a back needle bed, where loops 13 and 14 are formed. Strands 11 and 12 form loop 10 in the first section of the knitted element. As shown in Fig. As further shown in Figure 1A, strands 11 and 12 diverge and then each form separate loops 13 and 14 respectively on the seemingly second knitted layer, which would be formed on the back needle bed. Loop 13 may be part of a first knitted element formed by the first strand 11, while loop 14 may be part of a second knitted element formed by the second strand 12. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 1A, the first knitting element and the second knitting element are formed in different sections of the knitting element, e.g., a knitting element of a shoe.

[0153] In Fig. 1A The strands 11 and 12 in the first section can be joined together on one front side of the knitted element, as shown on the left side of Fig. 1A is shown to form loop 10. The two joined yarns are then separated and knitted in the second section of the knitting element. Both strands 11 and 12 are led to the wrong side to form different and separate knitting structures. In some cases, it is also possible for both strands 11 and 12 to diverge and then form separate and different knitting structures on different sides (layers or faces) of the knitting element, i.e., either the front or the back.

[0154] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1A, the material is a two-layer fabric knitted on two needle beds. In some cases, joining and / or diverging can also be used with single-layer fabrics (e.g., single jersey), as in Fig. 27 shown.

[0155] In summary, it shows Fig. 1A a basic knitting process in which, after the first loop is knitted together, the yarns are separated on a specific needle and then individual stitches are formed on individual needles.

[0156] Furthermore, on machines with two needle beds, the yarns within the needle can be positioned to control their position in the loop. Specifically, when two (2) yarns are joined and knitted into a loop, there are two positions in the loop for the yarns and two positions in the fabric for the loops. Therefore, for any combination of two joined yarns, there are potentially four constructions. For example, the loops can be positioned on the front needle bed, with the yarn in the loops positioned at AB and BA, and / or the loops can be positioned on the back needle bed, with the yarn in the loops positioned at AB and BA.

[0157] According to one embodiment and as in Fig. As shown in Figure 1A, two yarns are joined together in a first section and knitted as true joined yarns. In the second section, after the joined yarns diverge or separate, each yarn can form a different knitting structure at a different position within the knitted fabric.

[0158] Fig. Figure 1B shows a loop 15 knitted from the three ends of yarns 16, 17, and 18. After loop 15 is formed, yarn 16 can form a stitch, yarn 18 can be used to create floats (e.g., in the warp direction), and yarn 17 can, for example, form a pleat to create another layer. This combination is just one example, and other combinations can be used in other embodiments. Fig. 1C-1D shows the joined threads 1, 2, 3 in a loop formation.

[0159] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the use of two yarns. Any number of yarns can be brought together in a first section of a knitted element, and at least one of these brought-together yarns diverges in a second section of the knitted element. Fig. Figure 2, for example, shows a configuration with three yarns 21, 22, and 23 joined together. These yarns can form loops in the first section of the knitting element (as in the lower part of Figure 2). Fig. (2 shown) and then diverge in a second section of the knitted element, so that each of the previously joined yarns 21, 22, and 23 forms a separate knitted structure. However, it is also possible that only one of the joined yarns 21, 22, and 23 diverges from the two remaining joined yarns in the second section. For example, yarn 21 can diverge to form a first knitted structure, while the joined yarns 22 and 23 together form a second knitted structure. When using three joined yarns, for example, one yarn can diverge to the front of a knitted element, one yarn can diverge to form a structure on the back of the knitted element, and one yarn can be used as a float. In some cases, further combinations can use any configuration of these stitches.Other configurations may involve using one of the yarns in any possible way in a knitted fabric, e.g. as a vertical or warp tension thread.

[0160] Using the techniques revealed here for controlled yarn positioning can enable tighter knitting, allowing, for example, the production of shoes with improved stability. By allowing the joined yarns to diverge into separate yarns, there are, for instance, more possibilities for joining the front and back of the knitted element, or even for joining "sections" of the knit that have different properties. This allows for a knitted element with less stretch, which is often desirable in certain areas of a knitted shoe upper or a knitted element for a shoe upper. For example, increased stability in a shoe upper may be desired on the medial and / or lateral sides of the upper, part of the heel, in the toe box, around eyelets, and / or other openings.Specific configurations may depend on the type of shoe or garment.

[0161] Fig. Figure 3A shows a clear example of a knitting sequence for at least part of the knitting element for a twin-needle bed knitting machine. The areas 30 limit the knitting activity for one pair of needles, one on a first needle bed and one on a second needle bed. Strands 11 and strands 12 are in Fig. Figure 3A illustrates this. At the first position 28 on the front layer of the knitted element, strands 11 and 12 are brought together and knitted, so that strand 11 is more visible on the front layer of the knitted element. While strand 11 lies free on the front layer, strand 12 diverges and is sent to the back layer, so that it is visible on the back layer. In some cases, the stitches can be turned so that the stitches on the front needle bed are in Fig. 3A instead appear on the back needle and the stitches on the back needle bed are formed on the front needle bed.

[0162] Fig. Figure 3B shows a clear example of a flat knitting machine sequence for the in Fig. 3A shows a simplified knitting sequence used to create the [item] in Fig. The sample textiles shown in 4A-4B are used. Presented as a matrix, columns 31, 32, 33, and 34 in Fig. 3B Different aspects of the machine that are controlled to produce the textiles. Each row represents the action of one or more yarns during a carriage stroke of the machine. The length of a knitting movement, e.g., a carriage stroke, can be defined by the number of stitches formed during the movement.

[0163] Regarding machine settings, column 31 shows... Fig. 3B indicates the direction of the carriage in the knitting machine by directional arrows for each carriage stroke. As in the Fig. As shown in Figures 20A-20B, the carriage 242 moves along the needle bed 244 (i.e., carriage stroke) of the knitting machine 240 and adjusts the position of the needles by means of locks 250 (in Fig. (shown on page 21). During a carriage stroke, knitting can take place on the front needle bed and / or the back needle bed, or, in the case of floats or float insertions, between the needle beds. In line 52 of the Fig. In column 31 of 3B, a "y" is entered. This indicates the use of a specific flat knitting machine (e.g., the Stoll ADF machine) where one or more feeders can move independently of the carriage.

[0164] Knitting machines for production use can be selected based on any number of machine features and / or capabilities. Knitting machines selected for use (e.g., Stoll ADF) may have unique capabilities, including the ability of one or more carriages to move continuously in a transverse direction while placing multiple materials (e.g., yarn, inserts, layers, etc.), the independent movement of yarn carriers such as feeders, the ability to position yarn feeders independently to achieve, for example, a predetermined stitch position, float, fold, float insert, or universal yarn feeders (e.g.,...).(No need for separate, special yarn feeds to create float inserts), so that any yarn feed can be used to create a float insert; an ability to create loops, pleats, floats, and / or float inserts in any given row; knitting structures such as loops, pleats, floats, and / or float inserts can be formed across rows, for example, in a vertical direction; and / or the knitting machine can include sliders, elements that push a float insert downwards and secure it during the insertion of float inserts. In some embodiments, a slider element can allow the use of thicker yarns and / or more layers, which can be inserted in a controlled manner.

[0165] One embodiment may include a knitting machine that allows movement of the feeders in one or more planes. Such movement of the feeders can provide additional control over the positioning of threads, yarns, strands, wire, and / or other extended materials that can be positioned by the knitting machine. For example, feeders and / or parts thereof can be moved in three planes to adjust the positioning of extended materials used in the formation of a knitted element. Independently controlled feeders allow for greater flexibility and shorter knitting times.

[0166] A knitting machine can be selected according to its ability to position threads, yarns, strands, strands and / or any extended materials in multiple planes of a knitting element to form a multiaxial knitting element.

[0167] Different zones within the knitted element can be positioned on different levels.

[0168] Column 32 in Fig. 3B shows the feed or feeds 248 (in Fig. 23), which are active for a specific carriage stroke. In the example shown, the feeders 248 are independent of the carriage 242, as in Fig. Figure 23 shows that the independence of the feeders allows for greater flexibility in controlling the supplied yarns. For example, using independent feeders enables a larger range of motion for each individual yarn, which can be knitted, transferred, folded, floated horizontally, vertically, or at virtually any angle within the knitted fabric. Furthermore, the feeders can be electronically controlled, allowing for more precise movements and more accurate yarn placement.

[0169] Controlling the yarn feeds during knitting allows for precise control of the yarn positions. A feed can be controlled to select the position of the yarn delivered to the needle. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 22, the feeders 248 can be positioned at specific angles to supply yarns to the needles. In some embodiments, the sequence in which the feeders approach a needle to be knitted influences the sequence of yarns in the needle and the sequence of yarns in any knitted structure formed by the needle. For example, in some embodiments, several feeders can be moved near a predetermined needle during knitting to supply the yarns in a specific sequence. At the next needle to be knitted, the position of the feeders can be changed to control the position of yarns in any knitted structure, such as a loop.

[0170] Using independently controlled feeders allows for greater flexibility in joining and / or diverging yarns. In the past, delayed feeders were used to control the positioning of the yarns in the loops. However, using delayed feeders would affect the knitted piece by increasing the length between the stitches for at least one of the separated yarns. This can affect the appearance, stretch properties, and / or stability of the knitted piece.

[0171] Therefore, using independent, electronic feeders can improve the quality of the knitted fabric and the ability to merge, diverge, and combine threads. In some embodiments, thread merging can occur when multiple feeders are moved near a specific needle during knitting to deliver the threads in a particular sequence. At the next needle to be knitted, the position of the feeders can be changed so that not all the threads delivered at the previous position are delivered to the next needle position. Because the same threads are not delivered to the next needle, at least one thread will diverge.

[0172] In some embodiments, independent electronic feeders can be used to combine joining, diverging, and other knitting structures and / or techniques, such as intarsia, jacquard, catch stitches, spacers, swapping, selective joining, partial knitting, double jersey, and single jersey. For example, joining and / or diverging can be combined with jacquard knitting within a row or stitch row of a knitted element.

[0173] Using a carriage capable of continuous movement can, in some cases, reduce knitting time. In some embodiments, the continuous movement of the carriage can occur transversely along a row of knitting. The use of multiple feeders positioned at different angles relative to the needle bed, as in [reference to a specific example], can also reduce knitting time. Fig. As shown in Figure 22, this allows the yarn feeders to pass each other during knitting. By moving the feeders to control the positioning of the yarns on the needles and thus the knitting structure, the carriage can continue moving during knitting without stopping. Using such a configuration in a knitting system makes it possible to change the positioning of the yarns on the different needles without having to stop the carriage.

[0174] Knitting elements such as knitted shoe uppers on a knitting system that allows the carriage to move continuously while changing the positioning of multiple threads and / or layers without stopping and / or recoil can reduce both knitting time and the amount of material used (threads, yarns, layers, etc.).

[0175] In some cases, the ability of one or more carriages on a flat knitting machine to move continuously in the transverse direction can be useful when using complex or delicate materials (e.g., silk). For example, a delicate material such as silk yarn can be positioned so that the loops formed from silk are larger at the edge than with other materials and / or the loops are positioned away from the edge of the fabric.

[0176] The use of such slides, which can perform a continuous movement while simultaneously positioning one or more materials, can also enable more uniform shear forces.

[0177] Fig. Figure 22 shows a twin-needle bed flat knitting machine 240 with multiple feeders 248, which can be controlled independently of one of the carriages 242. Due to the configuration of the knitting machine and the carriage 242, the yarns can be fed directly from the feeders 248 to the needles of the needle beds 244, 246. The ability to feed the yarns in this way allows for more even control of the yarn tension during the knitting process.

[0178] In some cases, the feeders can be controlled independently. Feeder control can be achieved, for example, via motors. One or more motors can be used to control the vertical and / or horizontal movement of the feeders.

[0179] During the carriage stroke, one or more feeders can be active. In the Fig. In the example shown in row 50 of figure 3B, several feeders 4a and 7a are used during the carriage stroke to the left, as shown in column 32. During the next carriage stroke to the right, represented by rows 51 and 52, the merged yarns diverge from each other, and feeder 4a acts independently of feeder 7a to form the knitting structures of rows 51 and 52.

[0180] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3B, column 33 indicates how far paired needles are located on the different needle beds 244, 246 (in Fig. (shown in Figure 22) are offset from each other in one direction along the length of the needle bed. In the provided example, the settings shown represent three different positions of the rear needle bed relative to the front needle bed. Setting 35 means that the needles of the front and rear needle beds are aligned with each other, i.e., there is no offset between the two beds. Setting 36 indicates that the front needles are positioned in the middle of the space between the two rear needles. Setting 37 indicates that the needles on the front and rear needle beds are only slightly offset. The illustrative example in Fig. Figure 3B shows that the offset changes for each of zones 57, 58, and 59. However, it may be desirable to maintain the same offset over part of a knitted element, as shown in Fig. Figure 3C is shown. Furthermore, the offsets in different parts of the knitted fabric can be varied to form zones with specific properties. The positioning of the needle beds can differ on different machines; all prior art offsets with joining and / or diverging can be used, depending on the desired knitted element.

[0181] Column 34 of the Fig. 3B represents the stitches worked in a given carriage stroke. Each box 45 in column 34 represents one carriage stroke for one or more yarns being knitted together. Each box contains two rows of dots representing the front needle bed 38 and the back needle bed 39, and showing the needle positions 47. For each carriage stroke on the needle bed, stitches 48 and floats 49 are shown.

[0182] As in the two Fig. 3A and Fig. As shown in Figure 3B, two strands are used to create the patterns with the help of feeders 4a and 7a. Strand 11 (in Fig. 3A) is supplied via the feeder 7a of the knitting machine, while the strand 12 (in Fig. 3A) is provided via the feeder 4a of the knitting machine. Fig. Figure 3B shows an excerpt from a machine knitting sequence, which includes three sections 57, 58, 59.

[0183] Reading the machine knitting sequence of Fig. 3B from bottom to top, so row 50 shows strands 11, 12 (in Fig. 3A), which are joined together during a carriage stroke to the left and knitted on the front needle bed as shown in column 31 to form stitch 54. As in Fig. As can be seen in 3B, strands 11 and 12 diverge (in Fig. (3A shown) during the carriage's backward movement to the right, or are separated from each other, as illustrated in rows 51 and 52. In row 51, strand 11 forms a knitted stitch 55 on a single needle on the back needle bed 47. In row 52, ​​strand 12 forms a skipped stitch or float 56. To create this float, the feeder 4a moves independently of the carriage. Both rows 51 and 52 are created in a single carriage stroke to the right. As shown in Fig. As shown in 3B, all stitches 54, 55, 56 occur at a single needle position, which includes a needle in both the front and back needle beds.

[0184] In some cases, multiple carriage strokes can be used to create the stitches shown in rows 51 and 52 separately. In some cases, stitches 55 and 56 can be formed simultaneously. The timing of stitch formation can depend on the specific stitches, the connections between the fabrics formed on the front and back needle beds, the yarn types, and so on.

[0185] Fig. Figure 3C shows a clear example of a section of a machine knitting sequence illustrating joining and diverging. Yarn supplied by feeders is knitted into joined loops 10 at all positions on the front needle bed as the carriage moves to the left in area 200. In area 202, the supply of yarn by feeders is shown such that it is knitted on the back needle bed during the first carriage stroke to the right. During the next carriage stroke to the left, strands 11, 12 (shown in Fig. 3A) knitted during the carriage on the front needle bed to form stitch 204. As in Fig. As can be seen in 3C, strands 11 and 12 diverge (in Fig. (shown in 3A) during the reverse movement of the sled to the right. Strand 12 (in Fig. 3A) is knitted on the back needle bed to form stitch 206. Strand 11 (in Fig. 3A) is floated to form stitch 208, which is a skipped stitch.

[0186] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3C, stitches 206 and 208 are formed during the same carriage stroke 216, which moves to the right. In some cases, the stitches can be generated essentially simultaneously. For example, they can be formed during the same carriage stroke. In some cases, multiple carriage strokes can be used to generate stitch 206 and stitch 208 separately.

[0187] Row 210, which includes stitches 204, 206, and 208, can be repeated successively until a predetermined length of a strip and / or row is reached. Once the predetermined length is reached, the knitting process begins again on the wrong side and continues in the same manner until the desired length is reached in that direction. This process can be repeated to create knitted elements of a predetermined length along the strip (wale). In some cases, a knitted element that extends over several rows and / or strips can be worked as shown in Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B shown, to be created.

[0188] As in the Fig. As can be seen in the example shown in Figure 3C, with each carriage stroke, a single needle on the front needle bed is used to form stitch 204, and a single needle on the back needle bed is used to form stitch 206, while the missing stitch 208 is formed between the needle beds. In some cases, several stitches may be formed successively on the front and / or back needle bed and / or floated in a horizontal or vertical direction, depending on the desired properties of the knitted element.

[0189] Fig. Figure 3C shows an example where the offset between the needles on the front and rear needle beds is set to a position where the front needles are positioned in the middle of the space between the two rear needles.

[0190] The description of the Fig. 3A-3C are intended as illustrative examples. Various settings, stitches, and yarns can be substituted for those shown above. In some cases, multiple yarns can be joined together and divided into different stitches in various sections of the knitted piece. For example, three or more different yarns can be joined together and later separated, so that in the subsequent stitches of a double-layered fabric, a first yarn is knitted on one side of the material, a second yarn forms a float between the front and back of the material, and the third yarn forms a loop on the back of the material.

[0191] In some cases, merging and / or divergence can be used in predetermined areas to control the properties of the knitted fabric by selectively placing yarns. Using both merging and divergence allows for the controlled placement of yarns with a much higher resolution than is currently possible. For example, several yarns can be merged and then separated to create different knitted textures.

[0192] The Fig. 4A and Fig. Figure 4B shows a clear example of a knitting element 41, which is made using the [details omitted]. Fig. 3A and Fig. The knitting sequences shown in 3C were created. Fig. 4A, which shows the reverse side of knitting element 41, is in Fig. Figure 4B shows the front side of the knitted element 41. This knitted element 41 corresponds to the knitting sequence of the Fig. 3 knitted, so that in Fig. 4B strand 11 is visible on the front, while in Fig. 4A strand 12 is visible on the back. As shown in the Fig. As shown in the knitting sequence illustrated in Figure 3A, strands 11 and 12 are both worked on the front of knitting element 41. Strand 11 is positioned on the front of the stitches and strand 12 on the back of the stitches of knitting element 41, specifically at the stitches in the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth positions. After the first stitch on the front needle bed, the yarns diverge so that at the second stitch, strand 11 is free over knitting element 41, while strand 12 is moved to the back of knitting element 41 and worked at the second stitch. At the third stitch, strands 11 and 12 have been joined together to form the third stitch on the front of knitting element 41. This pattern is repeated as shown in Figure 3A. Fig. The knitting sequence shown in section 3 can be seen.

[0193] Fig. Figure 5A shows an example of a knitting sequence illustrating joining and diverging, in this case the combination of knit stitches, slipped stitches, and floats. For clarification, sections 220, 221, and 222 show the stitches worked on the front and back needle beds for a given needle. Strands 11 and 12 are joined on the front needle bed in section 220. Then, strands 11 and 12 are separated, and strand 12 is worked on the back needle bed in section 221, causing strand 11 to form a float. In section 222, strands 11 and 12 are joined, forming a slipped stitch on the front needle bed. Then, strands 11 and 12 are separated again, and yarn 12 is worked on the back needle bed while yarn 11 floats. As shown in section 222, the sequence is repeated in the previous section. Fig. As shown in 5A, parts 220, 221, 222 can be repeated.

[0194] In Fig. Section 5B shows parts 224, 226, and 228. In part 224, yarns 223 and 225 are joined and knitted on the front and back needle beds. Then, yarns 223 and 225 diverge or separate. In position 226, yarn 223 is knitted on the back needle bed, and yarn 225 is floated to create a skip stitch. In part 228, yarns 223 and 225 are joined again, and catch stitches are formed on both the front and back needle beds.

[0195] In Fig. 5C is a knitting element shown, which represents the knitting sequence 28 from Fig. 3A with knitting sequence 218 from Fig. 5A is included. The one in Fig. The knitting sequence shown in 5C was used to illustrate the in Fig. To form the 5D pattern shown, 230.

[0196] Fig. Figure 25 shows a clear example of a knitting sequence combining fusion and divergence with Jacquard knitting. In section 232, yarns 231 and 233 are brought together and knitted on both the front and back needle beds. Then, yarns 231 and 233 diverge from each other. As in Fig. As shown in section 25, yarn 233 is initially knitted on the front needle bed and yarn 231 on the back needle bed. After diverging, the yarns are knitted like a standard jacquard, as shown in section 234. Yarns 231 and 233 come together in section 232 and are knitted on both the front and back needle beds.

[0197] When independently controlled feeders are used to supply the Fig. To knit the sequence shown in Figure 25, yarns 231 and 233 can be separated in area 234 due to the possibility of moving the feeders relative to each other. Using independently controlled feeders to build the sequence shown in Figure 25 allows yarns 231 and 233 to be separated in area 234. Fig. The knitting configuration shown in Figure 25 can enable improved and faster production than would have been possible with standard feeders.

[0198] Fig. 26 shows part of a machine knitting sequence for a similar example Fig. 25, which was knitted with standard feeders on a flat knitting machine, i.e., the feeders are not independently controlled. Starting from the bottom left, a series of sections are shown, indicating the machine movement, the direction of movement, and the associated yarn sequences. At the beginning of each section, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 26, the direction of movement is indicated by the direction settings 264, 290, 292, 293, and 294. Generally, the knitting sequences, including the machine sequences, are read from the bottom up. In section 262, the carriage moves to the right, as indicated by direction setting 264, and knits joined yarns 266 and 268 for a number of stitches 270 in area 271. In section 275, the feeders move back to the left and form floats 272 and 274 from both yarns 266 and 268, as indicated by direction setting 290. Forming the floats allows the feeders to be repositioned within the area of ​​the last knitted structure 276. In some cases, this process is also referred to as a "recoil".

[0199] After the feeders were repositioned, the carriage moves back to the right, as indicated by direction settings 292 and 294 in sections 278 and 280. While sections 278 and 280 in Fig. Although the loops appear separately in sections 26, it is important to note that the loops shown in sections 278 and 280 are formed in a single movement of the carriage. The loops are therefore formed essentially simultaneously. In these sections, yarns 266 and 268 are knitted as a Jacquard, alternating between the front and back needle beds. At the end of the Jacquard region 282, the feeder moves to the left and forms floats 272 and 274. The feeders are thus located in the area of ​​the last knitting structure 296, as shown in section 284. Section 286 shows the area 288, where yarns 266 and 268 are brought together and knitted on both the front and back needle beds.

[0200] It is noteworthy that all the knitting in sections 262, 275, 278, 280, 284, and 286 takes place in the same row on the knitting element. This pattern of knitted zones made from joined yarns and jacquard can be repeated multiple times along the length of the row. Thus, a knitting element can exhibit zones of knitting structures and / or yarns that influence the physical properties of the knitted element. A knitted element for a shoe upper, for example, can be constructed from an essentially double-layered fabric.

[0201] In some cases, a carriage repositioning, also known as a rebound, can occur in conjunction with a float, a catch pattern, and / or a knit stitch. For example, a float, a catch pattern, and / or a knit stitch on one or more needles can be used to position (i.e., rebound) the feeders. Floats are sometimes chosen because the float is not visible on the fabric surface. The carriage rebound motion allows a feeder to be positioned within the last knitted area. That is, in Fig. 26 The recoil that occurs in section 275 returns the feeders to the knitting position in which the final structure 276 is produced. The carriage movement can be controlled so that the feeders move by one needle position. Controlling the carriage movement can allow control of the float length. In some cases, it may be desirable for the carriage to move by more than one needle position.

[0202] During the recoil as in Fig. As shown in Figure 26, the use of recoil increases knitting times and thus production costs, since recoil requires the carriage to stop and move backward so that the feeder is positioned within the range of the last knitting position. Furthermore, when using recoil, the stitches are not as uniform due to the additional yarn provided during the recoil movement as a result of floatation. Therefore, independently moving feeders are preferably used to ensure cost-effective and consistent production.

[0203] In Fig. Figure 30 shows a part of the knitting machine 300, which is provided with the skein 305 (a portion of which is shown). As shown, the knitting machine 300 includes a locking system 302, which is arranged near several needle positions 304 along a needle bed 306. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 30, the lock system 302 includes a lifting lock 308, a gimbal lock 310 and mesh locks 312, 314.

[0204] Needles 315, 316, 320, and 322 can be moved by the locks. Needle 316, in particular, is moved by the locks. As shown, the needle movement is guided by the locks along a track in which the needle sits. When both the lifting lock 308 and the gimbal lock 310 are active near a needle position, needle 316 is moved to a high position at that needle position, allowing a loop to form there. When the gimbal lock 310 is deactivated, needle 316 is moved upwards only by the lifting lock 308, resulting in the formation of a catch pattern at that needle position.

[0205] If both the lifting and gimbal locks 308, 310 are deactivated, the needle will not move upwards at all and a floatation will be created, as shown on needles 320, 322.

[0206] Stitch locks 312 and 314 are movable. A stitch lock determines the size of a stitch. Moving the stitch lock downwards, or allowing the needle to move further down, uses more yarn to form the loop, resulting in a larger loop.

[0207] A flat knitting machine can have multiple locking systems on each carriage. The in Fig. The flat knitting machine shown in 20A to 23 (i.e., the Stoll ADF) has, for example, three such locking systems on each carriage. Thus, a machine in the Fig. The machine shown in Figures 20A to 23 can produce a maximum of three complete rows on each needle bed in one stroke, provided each locking system has its own feed. The number of rows produced depends, for example, on the formed knitting structures, the number of needle beds used, and how the different yarns are used (i.e., whether the yarns are transferred between beds to form stitches and / or structures).

[0208] Some knitting machines can incorporate twelve locking systems, capable of producing twelve rows of stitches in a single movement. For example, a circular knitting machine with twelve locking systems can produce twelve rows of stitches during a single revolution.

[0209] A path, as used here, generally refers to the route of a yarn through the knitted fabric. In some cases, paths can be synonymous with knitted rows. There are some instances where a knitted row comprises multiple paths. For example, if two paths are not worked on the same needle positions during the same movement, these two paths can result in the formation of a single knitted row.

[0210] Fig. Figure 6 shows an illustration of a combination of merging, diverging, and a float insertion technique that can be used within the scope of the present invention. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, this construction is depicted as a single-layer or single-jersey fabric. Yarns 61, 62, and 63 are joined together. Yarn 63 diverges to form a warp float insertion (vertical float insertion). Yarn 64 is a weft float insertion (horizontal float insertion) when knitted into the structure at any point. In some cases, this construction, or part of it, can be used in a two-layer fabric.

[0211] Fig. Figure 7 shows an illustration of two stitch positions with a height of two rows. Fig. Figure 7 shows a combination of joining, diverging, and a float insertion technique. Yarns 71 and 72 are joined, and then yarn 71 diverges to form a float that acts as a weft float. Yarns 73 and 74 are vertical float insertions. In some cases, the float insertions can be floats if they are eventually knitted into the knitted element. In alternative embodiments, the float insertions can be not knitted in or only knitted in on one side.

[0212] Fig. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a partial knitted structure, knitted on two knitting beds of a flat knitting machine. The depicted knitted structure is a combination of joined and diverging yarns as loops, floats, and catch patterns. Yarns 81, 82, and 83 are joined and knitted at the first and third stitch positions on the front as shown. At the first and third stitch positions on the front of the knitted element, there is also a joined folded stitch formed by yarns 84, 85, and 86. At the second stitch position, yarn 82 diverges from the other yarns 81 and 83. Yarn 82 moves to the back of the knitted element, where it forms a stitch around the catch patterns formed by yarns 84 and 85, which are joined together. Between the first and second knitting positions, yarns 84 and 85 diverge from yarn 86 and are folded onto the back layer.The folded yarn 86 remains on the front layer in all stitches shown and appears to form a catching pattern at each stitch position on the front of the knitted element.

[0213] Fig. Figure 9A shows a perspective view of a variant of the merging and diverging operation that can be used within the scope of the present invention. From left to right, it shows... Fig. 9A is a two-layer material that could be knitted on a double-bed knitting machine. In the first stitch position, a stitch is formed on the front of the material using yarn 91 and a tuck pattern using yarn 92. In the second stitch position, all yarns are transferred to the back, where yarns 91, 93, and 94 are joined and knitted together. There is also a joined tuck pattern on the back, where yarn 92 from the front is joined with yarns 95 and 96 in the tuck patterns on the back layer. In the third stitch position, yarn 91 diverges from the other joined yarns and is used on the front layer, and yarn 92 diverges from the fold and is used on the front layer as a tuck pattern. In the third stitch position on the back, yarns 93 and 94 are joined together and remain on the back layer, where they are knitted together as a stitch.Yarns 95 and 96 are joined together and worked in a tuck stitch pattern on the back layer. At the fourth stitch position, all yarns are moved to the back layer. This last stitch on the back (i.e., the rightmost one in...) Fig. 9A) is a repetition of the stitch structure of the second stitch position on the reverse side.

[0214] In Fig. Figure 9B shows a knitted structure 99 that includes joined and diverging threads. Threads 91 and 96 are joined in the joining section 97 of the knitted structure 99. During knitting, threads 91 and 96 diverge to form separate structures at position 98, such that thread 91 forms a loop on a back layer of the knitted structure 99 of a double-layered knitted fabric. Thread 96 at position 98 on a front layer of the knitted structure 99 forms a float section. Depending on the properties of threads 91 and 96, the properties of the knitted structure can change. For example, the knitted structure 99 can be used to reinforce a knitted element. In some embodiments, the length of the float can be varied to provide the knitted fabric with the desired properties. For example, the knitted structure can allow the formation of a multiaxially reinforced material without interlining.Such a structure can allow a designer to limit stretching in specific areas of the knitted fabric. This allows for variations in yarn type, loop type, and / or placement within the knitted structure to adjust the properties of the knitted material.

[0215] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 6 to 9B, various knitting structures are possible through the controlled positioning of threads within a knitted fabric. Furthermore, by controlling the placement of threads, such as yarns on a single needle, advanced technical loop and stitch designs can be achieved. Additionally, various elements of the knitted fabric can be controlled to regulate the positioning of the threads within the needle. For example, the positioning of the yarn feeders relative to each other and to a specific needle during knitting on that particular needle can control the positioning of individual threads within the needle.

[0216] Fig. Figures 10A to 10D show a knitting technique that can generally be combined with joining and / or diverging according to the present invention, namely a single jersey with a float insert. A float is generally a section of yarn that extends along a row or path of stitches without being knitted. In some cases, a float has been previously knitted and is then not knitted for a number of stitches. The yarn then floats over the stitches formed by the other yarns used. In the Fig. 10A to 10D represents the floating yarn with the reference number 101.

[0217] The Fig. Figures 11A to 11B show another knitting technique that can generally be combined with joining and / or diverging according to the present invention, namely a double jersey with floatation. Fig. 11A is the float yarn with the reference number 111, while in Fig. 11B shows the float yarn with the reference number 112.

[0218] Fig. Figure 12 shows a representation of the combination of different knitting techniques in an upper 121 for a shoe. The toe cap 122 of the upper 121 forms a pocket and is open along the line. In some cases, reinforcement or other material can be inserted into the pocket.

[0219] In other cases, a toe cap area can be knitted to increase toe cap stability by joining the layers and knitting without an opening. The leg insert 123 is knitted by exchanging blended yarns, with one half having a first color and the other half a second color. For the collar area 124, a tightly knit and melt yarn is used to provide the necessary stiffness in this area. In the midfoot area 125, a float insert technique is used to prevent stretching. The heel counter is formed as a spacer knit with melt yarn in between and surrounded by PES (polyester) encased in spandex. The collar area 127 may include floats with bulky yarns to provide cushioning. The tongue 128 is constructed as a tubular knit. In areas 129, a two-color interchange knit is used.Exchanging yarns means that the yarns in the home position are swapped with the yarn in the joined position. In other words, they exchange positions within the loop by changing the position of the feeders. In area 1210, an exchange is used with a visible float insert for midfoot support. The float insert yarn is joined with a pain relief yarn. The entire upper structure is extended from the top to area 1211.

[0220] The upper part, size 121, is typically a flat-knit upper with an attached insole. Possible knitting directions for the upper part include toe-to-heel, heel-to-toe (currently preferred), and side-to-side.

[0221] The knitting technologies used for the upper of the 121 include floatation, where support elements are knitted into a midfoot area, limiting and controlling stretch in both horizontal and vertical directions. This can be used to cushion specific areas through the use of bulky or expansion yarns, for example, in the collar and / or other areas such as the heel counter, toe box, and / or insole area. An elastic yarn can be used in an insole area, such as the instep, to create a laceless shoe.

[0222] Another knitting technique that can be used for top 121 involves swapping. This allows zones to be created, for example on the leg, side panel and heel, to achieve unique looks and color options.

[0223] Another technique that can be used for the upper part is a combination of exchanges and float inserts. This influences the physical properties of the knitted material.

[0224] For functional and aesthetic reasons, the upper incorporates 121 intarsia knitting in specific areas. Knitted pockets are used in the toe and heel areas to insert moldable sheet materials. The collar area is reinforced with melt yarns and / or liquid polymer. Bulky yarns are used in the collar area to provide cushioning. Spacer yarns can also be used additionally or alternatively. The tongue is a fully integrated, second element knitted together with the upper. It features a pocket construction for inserting foam sheets for cushioning. Furthermore, it is a seamless construction, eliminating the need for seam allowances.

[0225] The insole is attached to the upper (part 121) either as a single piece or as two halves on the lateral and medial sides. In some cases, a pocket may be formed within the knitted insole. A two-layer knit may be used for the insole to prevent curling. In particular, a double-layer construction may be used in certain areas to reduce curling of the knitted element. For example, a double layer may be used in the back of the upper (e.g., at the heel).

[0226] Fig. Figure 13 shows a further illustration of a combination of different knitting techniques in an upper 131 for a shoe. In section 132, an open-knit structure is used in the upper layer, while in the back layer, yarns are exchanged. In section 133, two separate layers are knitted to create a toe box. The first half 134a and the second half 134b of the insole are a single layer with some stretch in both directions. The insole is knitted directly with the upper in one piece. The entire upper construction is extended from the top to sections 135a and 135b. The center heel line 136 is joined together during the knitting process. In section 137, a heel counter is worked in two separate layers. In section 138 of the collar, yarns are brought together, including a melt yarn.In some cases, the shoelace holes are created when yarns are transferred to other needles, leaving at least one needle empty to create an opening in the knitting. The melt yarn can be positioned by joining and / or diverging so that the melted yarn can reinforce the shoelace hole. Collar section 139 incorporates float inserts using bulky yarns to provide padding. In section 1311, the tongue is worked in a single layer against the leg, where it overlaps the collar area. In section 1312, the tongue is worked in a double layer against the leg, where it lies between the collar area.

[0227] Top 131 focuses on a more three-dimensional design to achieve different looks and new silhouettes. It is essentially the same construction as described above for top 121. Fig. 12 described, however, the heel is shaped three-dimensionally during the knitting process by being knitted as one piece that connects the heel in the central line.

[0228] For the construction of the upper part 131, it is preferred to knit the forefoot section starting at the toe area. The knitting direction is towards the heel. The first completed section of the upper part 131 is then held on the first needle bed of the knitting machine before the heel section is knitted.

[0229] The knitting direction for the heel section begins at the bottom of the heel. It is then knitted towards the top of the heel. Once the heel section is complete, it is held on the needles. The toe section is then joined to the heel section on the needle beds.

[0230] Floating inserts can be used with the upper 131 to knit support elements into the midfoot area, limiting and controlling stretch in both horizontal and vertical directions. Interchangeable zones can be incorporated into the leg, side panel, and heel to create unique looks and color options. Furthermore, interchangeable and floating inserts can be combined to influence the physical properties of the knitted material. Intarsia knitting can be used in specific areas for functional and aesthetic reasons. Knit pockets can be used in the toe and heel areas to insert moldable and / or formable sheet materials. The collar area is reinforced with melt yarn and / or liquid polymer. Spacer knitting can be used in the collar area.Additionally or alternatively, bulky yarns can be used to achieve good cushioning properties. The tongue can be a fully integrated tongue, knitted as a second element with the upper. The tongue can also be constructed as a pocket to accommodate foam panels for cushioning. It can be a seamless construction, reducing friction for the wearer when the knitted element is used in clothing or as part of a shoe. Furthermore, the knitted element can be constructed so that no seam allowances are required. The insole is attached to the upper either as a one-piece insole or as two half-pieces on the lateral and medial sides. The heel is a fully three-dimensionally integrated heel shape for improved heel fit and functionality. The heel can, for example, be...joined by connecting, gluing, sewing or other methods known in the prior art.

[0231] In some cases, Merge and / or Diverge can be used to connect areas of a top that require different physical properties. In a clear example, tops that meet the criteria in the Fig. Figures 12 to 13 are similar and involve joining and / or diverging as methods for connecting areas of the upper that have different predetermined required properties, in particular a toe area, a heel, an upper, an insole, a tongue, and lacing elements. The use of joining and / or diverging in an upper can, for example, allow the use of a melt yarn in combination with a polyester yarn. In the upper, the yarns can be joined. At the junction between the upper and the insole, the joined yarns can diverge (i.e., separate from each other). The separated yarns can be knitted into a first and second part of the insole.For example, the melt yarn can be used in the first part of the insole, which is placed near a midsole, while the polyester yarn can be used to knit a second part of the insole, positioned closer to the foot. In some cases, these parts of the insole can form two or more layers. For instance, customizable shoes could be developed that allow the end user to choose a yarn for the insole, such as one that provides cushioning and / or breathability, while a melt yarn is used in an outer layer to ensure that the upper and midsole and / or outsole are bonded together in a way that is sufficient to guarantee the stability of the final shoe.

[0232] In other configurations, the parts of the knitted element formed after the yarns diverge can be joined together along the knitting row. For example, after diverging, the yarns can be knitted alternately on the front and back needle beds to create connections between the layers. For instance, after diverging, several knitted structures can be individually formed from the two yarns. The yarns can then be brought back together to create a connection point between the layers. At these connection points, one or more additional yarns can be used to form knitted structures.

[0233] A shoe upper can have a section that incorporates three or more yarns of different materials. For example, a waterproof yarn combined with a moisture-wicking yarn and a melt yarn. The waterproof and moisture-wicking yarns can be joined together for a few stitches and then diverge and be knitted separately for five or ten stitches. A third yarn can be knitted on the opposite needle bed when the yarns are joined and can be positioned between the first and second sections of the knitting after the joined yarns diverge, forming independent knitted structures.

[0234] Fig. Figures 14A to 14E show an example of an upper for a shoe, where the various knitting techniques related to Fig. 13 described will be used.

[0235] In some cases, swapping can be used to control the positioning of yarns to create patterns on a garment. Swapping refers to changing the position of yarns on a needle by altering the feeder positions. In other words, you change the position in the loop by changing the position of the feeders. In some cases, using independent feeders improves the ability to use swapping effectively.

[0236] A good example is the color effects, as seen in Fig. Figure 29 illustrates this. To create such a pattern, one would previously have used space-dyed yarn. Space-dyed yarn is yarn that has been dyed with multiple colors along its length. Using such yarn produces random color patterns on a knitted element. However, this can be problematic for some applications. For example, when making a pair of knitted elements for a pair of shoe uppers, it is almost impossible to produce two knitted elements that match. This poses a significant problem when matching shoes. In many cases, shoes will have different color patterns when using space-dyed yarns. Attempting to match the knitted elements is time-consuming, or the shoes end up with different patterns. In some cases, if the patterns cannot be matched, knitted elements are discarded, resulting in waste.Yarn exchange creates an effect similar to room-dyed yarns through the controlled placement of the yarns. This allows for the control of a pattern within a knitted element, such as a shoe upper. It is thus possible to create multiple knitted elements that can be coordinated with one another. Using yarn exchange for shoe uppers, for example, has the potential to significantly reduce waste and the time required to adjust knitted elements. This can lead to savings in production costs.

[0237] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 29, swapping is used to control the placement of two differently colored yarns to achieve this effect. In some cases, three or more yarns can be combined. Using multiple yarns of different colors can, for example, create a gradient effect across the knitted piece. Furthermore, swapping can also be used with functional yarns to control the properties of a knitted piece.

[0238] The controlled placement of yarns with specific colors or properties to create an upper can reduce the amount of yarn needed to knit an upper with a complex pattern and increase the likelihood of producing a suitable upper for a pair of shoes. Thus, the use of join and / or diverge techniques in a knitted upper can significantly improve the sustainability of a shoe by reducing the amount of material required for its production.

[0239] For example, it can be advantageous for the upper of a football boot to position certain yarn types on the outer surface of the boot's main impact areas to improve grip, while a cushioning yarn is placed near predetermined parts of the foot during use. Controlled yarn positioning through merging and / or diverging can be used to position a yarn with grip properties and a yarn with cushioning properties to create specific zones on a boot. In some cases of a multi-layered knitted upper, these zones can be selectively positioned on individual layers through a combination of merging and diverging.

[0240] Yarns can be combined in certain areas and diverge in others to create special patterns, such as with a Jacquard knitting technique. For example, several yarns can be combined to create an area that needs extra support, such as a heel. Specifically, two different colored yarns can be combined with a melt yarn and a bulk yarn. In some cases, the yarns can be combined in various ways. For example, near an edge of the upper, the melt yarn can be combined with a blue yarn. These yarns can be positioned to form a substantial part of an outer layer of a knitted element used in an upper. A bulk yarn (such as a cushioning yarn) can be positioned in a loop so that it is close to the foot during use.Through a combination of blending, diverging, exchanging and / or jacquard, these yarns can create heel structures with different designs and / or properties.

[0241] In Fig. Figure 31, for example, shows a knitting sequence where join and diverge are used throughout to allow for flexible positioning of multiple yarns. Specifically, the sequence shows joined yarns in most positions. Generally, the joined yarns diverge and are then joined with another yarn at the next needle position. Yarn 330 is positioned to be knitted primarily on the layer of textile that will be on the outside of the shoe upper. Yarn 330 could be, for example, a technical yarn, a binding yarn, or a melt yarn containing materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), copolyester (CoPES), copolyamide (CoPA), polyester, polyamide, phenoxy, and / or combinations thereof. In some cases, Yarn 330 may contain a functional yarn, such as...A waterproof yarn, a thermoregulating yarn, a flame-resistant yarn, a moisture-wicking yarn, a hydrophobic yarn, a hydrophilic yarn, a monofilament, a multifilament yarn, any specialty yarn possessing properties desired on an outer surface of the knitted element, particularly the outer surface of a shoe upper, and / or combinations thereof. When a melt yarn is used at this point, it can allow the surface to have desired properties such as added stability, stiffness, water resistance, etc. Such a knitting sequence can be useful in areas of a shoe that require additional support, e.g., the heel and / or toe of an upper. Yarn 332 is primarily knitted on the textile layer corresponding to the inner side of the textile. Yarn 332 can, for example,This could be a bulky yarn to provide cushioning during use, a moisture-wicking yarn to improve moisture transport, a stretch yarn such as Lycra or Spandex, any specialty yarn with properties desirable for contact with the foot, and / or combinations thereof. Yarns 334 and 336 are blended with yarns 330 and 332, respectively, based on the desired design for the shoe upper. In some cases, yarns 334 and 336 may be different colors, for example, to create a desired pattern on the upper of a shoe.

[0242] In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 31, merging and diverging can be used on each pass of the carriage, allowing merged yarns to diverge and at least one of the yarns to be transferred to the opposite layer of the material. In this way, a pattern can be created on the outside of a shoe upper by changing the yarn merged with the melt yarn, as shown. Additionally, yarn 330 diverges from yarn 334, and yarn 332 diverges from yarn 336 in zone 338. This allows yarn 330 to be held at needle position 340. By holding yarn 330 at position 340 until the next carriage pass, the amount of yarn used can be reduced by limiting the yarn to the areas where it is needed. In the case of a yarn such as a melt or binding yarn, this can increase the sustainability of the shoe or knitted item, as less yarn is required.Furthermore, the zones of an upper or within a knitted item can be clearly defined by merging and diverging in this way, in order to control the positioning of the melt yarn, e.g. in the heel section.

[0243] In some cases, yarns, such as yarn 330, may behave as described in... Fig. 31-34 shown, not knitted for a number of rows and thus forming a vertical float insert between the front and back layers of the textile.

[0244] Fig. Figures 32 to 33 show knitting sequences that utilize merge and / or divergence while attempting to control yarn placement in a resource- and time-efficient manner. In these cases, yarns can be selectively placed in areas of the knitted element based on their properties. In a boundary area between two regions with differing properties, merge and / or divergence can be used to selectively place the yarns. For cost and sustainability reasons, it may be desirable to place yarns only in the area where the yarn's properties are desired. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 32, yarn 330 diverges from yarn 334 in zone 344 and is held at needle position 342. To create a separate area that utilizes the properties of yarn 330, yarn 330 is knitted again as the carriage passes from the opposite direction. This process can be repeated until the desired size area is created. At position 342, yarn 334 is joined and knitted with yarn 332, and then diverges. It is important to note that many knitting sequence configurations can utilize joining and / or diverging, and the ones shown here are examples.

[0245] Fig. Figure 33 shows another example of a knitting sequence where merging and / or diverging is used to control the yarns in closely spaced areas. As shown, the merged yarns 330 and 334 are separated on the outer surface so that at needle position 346, yarn 330 can be held until the next pass of the carriage, while yarn 334 floats to the next needle position on the same layer of fabric.

[0246] Various configurations of stitches and yarns can be used to create a textile that exhibits the properties desired by an end user (e.g., an athlete and / or a consumer), a designer, and / or a developer. For example, an athlete might select / require a specific level of stiffness in a lateral part of the shoe, which can be achieved through a combination of yarn placement and / or treatment processes. In another example, the upper of a soccer cleat might feature specific yarn types positioned on the outer surface of the shoe's primary striking areas to, for example, enhance grip, while simultaneously incorporating a cushioning yarn placed near predetermined parts of the foot during use.By merging and / or diverging, a yarn with grip properties and a yarn with cushioning properties can be positioned to create specific zones on the shoe. In some cases of a multi-layered knitted upper, these zones can be selectively positioned on individual layers by merging and / or diverging. In the . Fig. Figures 31 to 36 show examples of knitting sequences with which yarns, such as a grip yarn and / or a damping yarn, can be selectively placed in the desired zones on a shoe upper.

[0247] In particular, as in Fig. 31 and Fig. Figure 34 shows that yarns in both layers of a textile are combined to provide specific properties to these zones. Within a given textile, element, and / or shoe upper, there may be several zones that exhibit different properties due to the materials and / or stitch types used. Fig. Yarns 330 and 334 are joined together and located on a first surface (e.g., the outer layer of the knitted element), while yarns 332 and 348 diverge in section 350. Yarns 336 and 348 are joined together, while yarn 330 is held at needle position 352.

[0248] In part 354 of the knitting sequence, the joined yarns 336 and 348 remain joined, however, a reversal takes place, which reverses the positions of the yarns in the loops from yarn 348, which is facing outwards, to yarn 336, which is facing outwards.

[0249] Fig. Figure 35 shows a knitting sequence that includes various parts, including a joining part 356, a diverging part 358, a jacquard part 360, a joining part 364, and a joined jacquard part 362. The jacquard part 360 incorporates yarn 361 as a float insert between the front and back layers of the textile.

[0250] It is important to note that in some cases several threads of the same yarn type can be fed into a knitting machine via multiple feeders, so that the threads can be separated by joining and / or diverging.

[0251] Fig. Figure 36 shows a knitting sequence that has several parts, including a part for joining several yarns 365, an exchange part 366, an exchange part 368, a divergence part 370, a jacquard part 372, a joining part 373, a joining and divergence part 374, and an exchange part 376. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 36, it is possible for yarns to diverge and exchange the positions of the remaining yarns, as shown in the diverging exchange section 366. Yarns 378, 380, and 382 are joined together in the merging section 365. In the diverging exchange section 366, the movement of the independently controlled feeders allows for a change in the feeder's position and an exchange of the yarns. This exchange is used to separate at least one of the merged yarns, in particular yarn 378, and to exchange the positions of yarns 380 and 382 in the subsequent merged loop. The independent control of the feeders enables this control of the yarns, allowing the merging, diverging, and exchange to occur in the same part of the knitting sequence.For example, the autonomous, independent control of multiple feeders enables control of the positioning of the yarns, so that merging, diverging and / or exchanging is possible in the same part of the knitting sequence.

[0252] Fig. Figures 37 to 38 provide further examples of knitting sequences in which joining and / or diverging are used to control the positioning of the yarns in double-layered knits. Fig. Figure 37 shows layer 371, which is connected to layer 372 by a series of knit loops and catch stitches. Yarn 373 is worked as the outer yarn onto layer 371 in every second stitch and becomes a vertical skein at one point in the knitting sequence. Yarn 374 is joined with yarn 373, and both are worked together in every second stitch until yarns 373 and 374 diverge, at which point yarn 373 becomes a vertical skein and yarn 374 is transferred to area 372 and worked there. Yarn 376 is worked exclusively on area 372. Yarn 375 joins layer 371 to layer 372 by folds and stitches. Stitches of yarn 375 that form the connections between layer 371 and layer 372 are joined and diverged with other yarns 374 and 376. Fig. Figure 38 shows layer 381, which is connected to layer 382 by a series of knit loops and catch stitches. Yarn 373 is worked as the outer yarn on layer 371 in every second stitch and becomes a vertical skein at one point in the knitting sequence. Yarn 374 is joined with yarn 373, and both are worked together in every second stitch until yarns 373 and 374 diverge, at which point yarn 373 becomes a vertical skein and yarn 374 is transferred to area 372 and worked there. Yarn 376 is worked exclusively on area 372. Yarn 375 joins layer 371 to layer 372 by folds and stitches. Stitches of yarn 375 that form the connections between layer 371 and layer 372 are joined with other yarns 374 and 376 and diverge.

[0253] As described herein, it is possible to control the properties of a single stitch by controlling the placement of a thread, e.g., a yarn, within the stitch. In some embodiments, the position of the feeder relative to a particular needle can determine the position of the thread in the needle and also the position of the thread in a knitted structure. For example, multiple feeders can be used to position several threads in a particular needle. Fig. 39A is an example of the exchange of yarn positions within loops in different sections of the knitting element. In particular, section 391 includes yarn 392, yarn 393, and yarn 394. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 39B, thread 392 is in the upper position of needle 395 and thus becomes the outermost yarn in section 391. Thread 393 is in the middle position in needle 395, while thread 394 is positioned closest to the tongue 396. By using independently controlled feeders, threads 392, 393, and 394 are fed into needle 398, as shown in Figure 39B. Fig. 39C shown rearranged. The configuration of the yarns in Fig. 39C leads to a repositioning of threads 393, 394, as described in section 397 of Fig. 39A shown.

[0254] In some embodiments, all yarns within a knitting element can be repositioned by using independently controlled feeders. Changing the feeder sequence controls the order in which the yarns are positioned on the needles. This shows Fig. 40A is another example of the exchange of yarn positions within loops in different sections of the knitting element. In section 401, yarn 403 forms the outer part of loop 409, yarn 404 is positioned in the middle, and yarn 402 forms the inner part of loop 409. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 40B, thread 403 is in the upper position of needle 405, thread 404 is in the middle position in needle 405, while thread 402 is positioned closest to the tongue 406. By using independently controlled feeders, threads 402, 403, and 404 are rearranged in needle 408, as shown in Figure 40B. Fig. 40°C shown. The arrangement of the yarns in Fig. 40C leads to a repositioning of threads 402, 403, 404, as described in section 407 of Fig. 40A shown. In some embodiments, it is possible to rearrange all yarns within a knitted part so that each yarn occupies a different part of a knitted loop in the section of the knitted element.

[0255] In Fig. Figure 41 shows an embodiment of a knitted element comprising a double-layered knitted fabric. The surface 411 of the structure 410 comprises at least two yarns knitted to form loops 413, 414. In contrast, the loops 415 of surface 412, located on the reverse side of the knitted fabric, are formed from a single yarn. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 411, the loops 412 are formed from a single yarn. Fig. 41 shown, some loops 416 formed in the stitches in chain direction 417 after the yarns diverge, so that only a single loop is formed.

[0256] As shown, represents Fig. 41 represents a double-layered fabric in which at least part of the area 411 is knitted with two yarns and the area 412 is formed from a single yarn.

[0257] Using fused and / or diverging yarns can, for example, enable the production of multiaxial and multilayered knitted reinforced structures with a single needle accuracy. The ability to control yarn placement on the needle increases flexibility in yarn placement within the knit and allows for further functional improvements. For instance, in areas of a knitted element that would benefit from reinforcement, melt yarns can be placed in varying quantities to create zones of different stiffness and / or strength.

[0258] The textile properties can be controlled in detail because it is possible to use a wide range of base materials on a stitch-by-stitch basis. In many embodiments, the threads, such as yarns, can be metered in this section of the knitted fabric depending on the desired properties. The metering of the threads can be achieved by using multiple feeders to deliver a specific type of strand or yarn. In some embodiments, a first feeder can deliver a strand containing one or more layers, a second feeder can deliver a strand containing one or more layers, and a third feeder can deliver a strand containing one or more layers. One embodiment can involve a specific type of thread being fed to a first needle from three different feeders, each containing a thread with different amounts of material (e.g.,The number of layers is determined by the number of layers. For example, a first feed might contain a strand with four layers of material, a second feed a strand with six layers, and the yarn from the third feed might have ten layers. During knitting, the feeds can be selectively positioned to provide pre-selected amounts of material to the different needles. Thus, in the given example, it would be possible to deliver anything from four layers (i.e., just one feed containing the strand with four layers) to 20 layers (i.e., all the feeds described above) to a predetermined needle, based on the design of the knitting element.

[0259] For example, it would be possible to use several strands of the same material, supplied to a needle by multiple feeders, in a first section of the knitted fabric, and only one strand of the material, supplied by only one of the feeders, in a second section of the knitted fabric. In some embodiments, any number of feeders can be used to provide yarn for a knitting machine needle or as a reinforcement.

[0260] The number of threads that can be supplied to a knitting machine for insertion at a particular location can vary depending on the type of strand, specific strand characteristics such as strand thickness, the size of the needle to which the strands are to be supplied, and / or the surrounding materials. For example, a needle can hold up to sixteen strands. Generally, the number of strands supplied to a needle can range from about 1 strand to about 16 strands. Some embodiments may involve knitting four (4) yarns on any given needle, depending on the thickness of the yarns and the needle size.

[0261] Threads provided for use as interlinings can be supplied in varying quantities, depending on the construction of the knitted fabric, the types of materials used, and / or the knitting structure. In some cases, the interlinings can contain any number of threads. In other cases, the interlinings can contain up to 32 threads.

[0262] Threads fed into a feeder can, as disclosed herein, comprise one or more layers, yarns, filaments, strands, wires, tapes and / or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a large number of different yarns can be used in a knitting element.

[0263] Designers can use multiple threads to create a predefined design and / or to give the knitted element and / or a shoe upper specific predefined properties. In some cases, designers can use more than ten threads to create a desired design. For example, designers can create a design with more than 20 threads. Furthermore, some embodiments may include designs that incorporate more than 30 threads.

[0264] In this way, the properties of zones within the knitted fabric can be controlled, including, for example, elasticity, melting properties, resistance (e.g., to abrasion, cuts, heat, fire, water, and chemicals), thermoregulation, grip, conductivity (e.g., thermal and / or electrical), strength (e.g., tensile strength), weight, breathability, moisture-wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, damping, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity (e.g., to chemicals, environmental conditions, including humidity, and / or energy, especially light, heat, or cold), luminescence, etc. In some embodiments, for example, threads can be metered at different levels to create specific interlining sequences, thus achieving particular product properties.

[0265] The ability to control the positioning of the yarns on a single needle plane makes it possible to create various inlay shapes. For example, there are few or no limitations on rectangular or curved pattern elements. This allows for the creation of sporty silhouettes, fading effects, and more.

[0266] Placing the yarns with the precision of a single needle allows for the production of knitted fabrics and / or knitted elements that can be fully customized or designed for a specific user, sport, and / or visual effect. This enables flexible design in terms of material placement and enhances a design's ability to meet functional requirements.

[0267] The use of converging and / or diverging yarns allows for seamless transitions between areas of the knitted fabric that have different properties. These seamless transitions reduce breaks and / or irregularities in the knitted fabric.

[0268] Controlling the positioning of the threads in the manner described here reduces the forces acting on the extended materials, such as threads like yarns, during loop formation. This makes it possible to use a wider range of materials in the knitted fabric, including materials that are not easy to process. For example, materials such as stiff upholstery materials, conductive yarns, thick multifilament blends, non-stretch yarns, metallic yarns, reflective yarns, high-tenacity yarns, etc. In some embodiments of knitted elements, threads that are difficult to process under conventional conditions using the methods described here can also be incorporated. For example, threads exhibiting properties such as limited flexibility, smooth surfaces, limited pliability, and / or high brittleness can be used for knitted elements if processed as described herein.

[0269] Using the methods described here to control yarn positioning allows for additional degrees of freedom; for example, individual yarn materials can be positioned in multiple planes. This enables the creation of highly complex textile products from knitted elements and / or garments produced using these methods. Controlling yarn positioning at the level of a single needle allows a designer, developer, or potential end user, for instance, to create a three-dimensional ("3D") mesh by moving one or more elements of the knitting systems, such as feeders, needles, needle beds, carriages, and / or locking systems. It is possible, for example, to create a custom 3D mesh, such as a triangular pyramid.

[0270] Fig. 15A and Fig. Figure 15B shows a further illustration of a combination of different knitting techniques in an upper (151) for a shoe. While Fig. Figure 15A shows a structure that illustrates the different knitting structures used and their corresponding positions. Fig. 15B a material card showing the yarns and positions of the different yarns used.

[0271] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 15A, a nearly closed knit structure is used in area 152. Area 1514 is an open knit structure, area 1515 is a semi-open knit structure, and area 1516 is a closed knit structure. However, it should be noted that the arrangement of the areas and the knit structures can be varied and may differ in various embodiments depending on the desired optical and physical properties.

[0272] In some embodiments of Fig. In section 15A, areas 152, 1514, 1515, and 1516 can be defined by a specific physical property such as elongation. The use of controlled yarn positioning through independently controlled feeders allows each area to be precisely positioned. Fig. The area shown in 15A contains a different number or type of yarn. For example, if the same material is used throughout the upper, using merge and diverge would allow the number of yarns to be varied in the different areas. In area 1514, which requires little stretch, multiple yarns can be supplied to the needles using several independent feeders. For a shoe that requires stretch in area 1515, the number of yarns supplied to the needles can be reduced while knitting area 1515. Alternatively, a stretch yarn, such as an elastic, can be supplied in addition to one or more strands of standard polyester via separate, independent feeders.

[0273] In this way, it is possible to achieve a wide variety of patterns within any given design by combining threads from pre-loaded, independently controlled feeders. This makes it possible to create a range of customizable knitted elements, including shoe uppers with multiple areas exhibiting different properties and textures.

[0274] As in the Fig. As shown in the example 15B, in area 153, which corresponds to almost the entire upper part, a monofilament yarn can be used in addition to a PES yarn (i.e., polyester). In some cases, only PES yarn can be used. A melt yarn is used in areas 154a and 154b. The melt yarn can be combined with other yarns in areas 154a and 154b, for example, with a polyester yarn. Areas that require the ability to stretch and return to their original shape can be knitted using tension to improve recovery. The use of independently controlled yarn feeds allows for more even control of the tension in the yarns in the different areas of the knitted fabric. Furthermore, the yarn feeds can be controlled so that the tension in the yarn can be changed depending on its position in the knitted fabric. For example,The tension in an elastic thread used for fleet deployment can be varied in different rows. This allows different compression forces to be achieved in the various rows or sections of the upper part.

[0275] Furthermore, the float inserts can be positioned in different rows at different locations. For example, the float insert can be positioned between a front and a back layer of a double jersey fabric, on the front of the double jersey fabric, or on the back of the double jersey fabric.

[0276] In Fig. Figure 15B also shows the natural stretch of the upper part (Figure 151). Knitted fabric stretches more along a row and less along the path. This means that along arrow 156, which runs from the lateral midfoot to the collar area and across the forefoot, the stretch is greater than in the direction shown by arrow 155, since that is the direction of the knitted row.

[0277] While the Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B shows the top part 151 in a flat configuration, represents Fig. Figure 15C schematically depicts the upper part 151 in a three-dimensional side view. Essentially, the upper part 151 comprises two symmetrical layers joined only at a portion of their edges. Thus, the edges of the upper part 151 are open in section 158, while they are closed in section 159. A tight knit is used in section 157, while an elastic knit is used in section 1510. The properties of the knit, e.g., a tight knit as opposed to an elastic knit, can result from the selection of yarns, the number of yarns, the choice of knitting structure, the number of layers of knitted material, the number of connections between the layers, the applied tension, and / or a combination of such factors.

[0278] The Fig. 15D and Fig. Figure 15E shows two alternative distributions of the yarns in the upper part 151. In Fig. In Sections 1511a and 1511b of Figure 15D, a melt yarn, a PES yarn (polyester), and a monofilament are used. In Section 1512, a PES yarn and a monofilament are used. The embodiment in Fig. 15E resembles the embodiment in Fig. 15D. In section 1513 (corresponds to section 1512 in Fig. However, in section 15D, a melt yarn is used in combination with a PES yarn and a monofilament. The amount of melt yarn in section 1513 is less than in sections 1511a and 1511b.

[0279] The upper 151 is generally a knitted upper produced on a flat knitting machine. It comprises the upper and lower sections of a shoe component to be knitted in one piece. Sides and mid-sides can be mirrored to some extent and are knitted simultaneously on the front and back needle beds of a two-, three-, or four-needle machine. A variety of yarns are used to achieve specific functionalities and appearances, combining different knitting structures and techniques. Unconnected medial and lateral side layers create a pocket that acts as the outer shell of the shoe. The yarns, stitches, and knitting construction determine the function and appearance, incorporating zones such as stretchable, non-stretchable, supportive, reinforcing, cushioning, open, and closed areas.

[0280] In some cases, the three-dimensional shape of the bodice 151 is achieved by converting the shape into a two-dimensional jacquard drawing. The individual jacquard sections / rows are then joined by joining and diverging, as described here. The three-dimensional shape is achieved by joining the split loops created by joining and / or diverging. By joining and / or diverging, one yarn can be carried along the row, while the other yarn can be used to form a fold, a float, or a stitch. For example, by joining and / or diverging, one yarn can be carried along the row on a first needle bed, while the other yarn can be used to form a fold, a float, or a stitch on the opposite needle bed, between the layers, or on a surface of the knitted fabric.

[0281] Fig. Figure 16 shows a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a collar 161 of a top, such as one of the tops shown previously. The inside of the collar 161 is indicated by the arrow 162. The area 163 comprises a non-stretchable knitted fabric, while the section 164 comprises a stretchable knitted fabric.

[0282] Fig. Figure 17 is a schematic drawing of another exemplary embodiment of an upper 171 for a shoe and shows the distribution of different knitting structures. A tightly knitted fabric is used in area 172, while an elastic knitted fabric is used in area 173. The collar of the upper 171 is designated by reference numeral 174. The upper 171 may include a line 175 that separates sections of the upper, such as area 172 and the outsole 176. In some cases, sections of the upper can be joined by merging and / or diverging. For example, the three-dimensional shape can be achieved in part by joining the split loops at the points where sections meet.

[0283] Fig. Figures 18A to 18C show combinations of different knitting techniques that can be used within the scope of the present invention. The upper part of each of these figures represents the knitting diagram, the middle part shows a corresponding front side of a knitted piece, and the lower part shows its reverse side.

[0284] Fig. Figure 18A shows the combination of exchange with an intarsia technique, where two or more yarns B and C interact in an intarsia area 181. Yarns B and C are not used in the adjacent areas 182 and 183. Yarns A and D are used in areas 182 and 183, with yarn A appearing on the front of area 182 and yarn B on the back. The positioning of yarns A and D is reversed in area 183.

[0285] Fig. Figure 18B shows the simple exchange, where two or more yarns 201 and 203 work together in area 184. In area 185, the yarns 201 and 203 change their relative position in the loops, so that yarn 203 lies on the outside of the loops and is more visible than in area 184.

[0286] Fig. Figure 18C shows selective blending in which two or more yarns (as shown, yarns 205, 207) work together only in a selected area 186 in the same knitting row and at least one yarn 207 is also used outside the selected area 186, e.g. in areas 187a and 187b.

[0287] Using independently controlled feeders enables the full range of exchange options. Furthermore, using independently controlled feeders reduces the knitting time required for inserting exchanges into a knitting element.

[0288] Fig. Figure 19 shows a knitting sequence for a twin-needle bed flat knitting machine. The first row represents the back of the material and the second row the front for each pass of the feeds. The dots represent the needles and the lines the different yarns. This drawing shows a knitted piece with two sections of different knitting structures, the first section 191 being on the left side of Fig. Section 19 and the second section 192 are located on the right side. The first section 191 is a spacer knit and the second section 192 is a jacquard knit.

[0289] In both sections 191 and 192, yarns 193, 194, 195, and 196 are used. However, yarn 193 is only visible in section 191, but not in section 192, while yarn 196 is only visible in section 192, but not in section 191. In section 191, yarn 193 is joined with yarn 196, which was worked on the front needle bed. Then, yarn 194 is worked on the back needle bed, and then both needle beds are joined with yarn 195 using a slip stitch pattern. In the spacer section, yarn 193 is joined as the outermost yarn.

[0290] In Jacquard section 192, the plating is reversed, and yarn 196 becomes the outer yarn and is therefore visible. The first row in Jacquard section 192 shows how the combined yarns 193 and 196 are knitted together on both the back and front layers. Then, yarn 194 is worked on the back of every other needle, followed by yarn 195 on the back of every other needle. The sequence then begins again.

[0291] The following describes further additional knitting techniques that can be used within the scope of the present invention and that can be combined with the technique of the present invention and / or with another additional knitting technique that will now be discussed.

[0292] One technique that can be combined with the joining and / or diverging according to the invention is partial knitting, which is used to produce shaped knitted fabrics. Fig. Figure 28 shows pattern 260, which is a combination of join and divergence and part-knitting. In this illustrative example, join and divergence occur while the length of the knitted rows increases or decreases, for example, a number of needle positions where stitches are formed. Any knitting sequence that includes join and / or divergence can be used in combination with part-knitting. Part-knitting involves knitting groups of stitches while holding others in a non-knitting position. You must manually select the needle you want to knit with. To do this, the selected needles are moved to a working position and all others to a non-working position. This technique is usually used to shape a garment with darts and sock cuffs.However, strong structural effects can also be created, especially raised patterns and random bobbles, as well as the possibility of changing the color / yarn in the middle of each row.

[0293] Another technique that can be combined with the joining and / or diverging and / or partial knitting according to the invention is the intarsia joining technique already briefly mentioned above. Intarsia joining creates zones into which new yarns are introduced, as in Fig. Described in 18A. The joining of two zones can be done using stitches such as a slip stitch or a regular knit stitch. Joining intarsia sections reduces knitting time.

[0294] Combinable techniques include merging, diverging, partial knitting, intarsia, and / or exchanging merged yarns. Compared to intarsia merging, sections of fabric containing exchanged merged yarns exhibit higher tensile strength at the boundary between different yarns (e.g., colors and / or properties) because there are no thread connections between the different yarns. For example, the crossing between a yarn of the first color and a yarn of the second color is clean. Exchanging merged yarns is a unique method for having more colors in the same knitting row. Without the use of independently controlled feeders, this is only cost-effectively possible with Jacquard or intarsia merging. Using independently controlled feeders reduces knitting time. Exchanging merged yarns can, for example,They can be combined with float inserts to create woven-like materials. Exchanging joined yarns requires at least two yarns in a loop and changes the yarn's position within the loop.

[0295] Combinable techniques include joining, diverging, partial knitting, intarsia joining, exchanging joined yarns and / or float inserts.

[0296] In floatation inserts, a yarn, such as a monofilament or rigid yarn, can be introduced to reduce the fabric's elasticity. Conversely, a floatation insert of an elastic thread or yarn can create stretching and / or varying degrees of compression.

[0297] In some cases, yarn delivery systems (e.g., Memminger EFS 920 devices) can be programmed to vary the tension of the elastic yarn or thread used for float insertion in different rows. This reduces the number of such devices required, making this technique more practical. Different compression forces can be achieved in various parts of a garment using this technique. The use of independently controlled feeders allows for more consistent yarn tension control across different areas of the knit. Furthermore, the yarn feeders can be controlled to vary the tension depending on the yarn's position within the knit. For example, the tension of an elastic yarn used for float insertion can be varied in different rows.This allows different pressure forces to be achieved in the various rows or parts of the upper section.

[0298] In another example, two layers of material are created with float inserts. The float thread can be inserted in any row or in a different sequence. In some cases, the float thread is located between the front and back layers, on the front of the double jersey fabric, or on one of the back sides of the double jersey fabric.

[0299] In another example, single-layer fabrics with float insertion are created, where the float insertion thread extends along a row between the stitches of the same layer by transferring stitches of the layer to either the front or back needle bed to block the float insertion. This technique can also be used with a multi-layered fabric by transferring stitches from one needle bed to another, allowing the float insertion to move on the surface of the transferred stitches.

[0300] A vertical float insertion can be achieved by positioning a yarn feeder, holding the yarn used for the float insertion, between the two layers of material while they are being knitted on the front and / or back needle bed. In some cases, no stitches are created during vertical float insertions. Vertical float insertions can also have different angles by changing the position of the yarn feeders in different rows. Each vertical float insertion can be created from a single yarn feeder. In some cases, a yarn can be used as a vertical float for a number of rows and then knitted into the knitted element at a predetermined location. In some cases, it may be possible to create a vertical float insertion on the surface of a knitted component by selectively transferring stitches from one needle bed to another. For example,For example, with a single-row yarn, a float insert can be held in place by a needle while knitting several rows. At pre-selected points along the length of the float insert, stitches can be transferred from one needle bed to a second needle bed.

[0301] With single-layer materials featuring a float insert, the sequence of block transfers can create different visual patterns. As in the Fig. As shown in 10A to 10D, the float insets 101 are visible to varying degrees depending on the position of the stitch transfers. Different patterns can result from the use of different colors and types of yarn, as shown in the Fig. 10A to 10D are shown.

[0302] In two-layer materials with a float insert, the float insert 111 may be exposed and visible when viewing the material, e.g., if semi-open or open holes are created in a specific pattern, as in the Fig. 11A and Fig. 11B shown.

[0303] Multiple threads for float insertion can be fed simultaneously through different yarn feeders. In some cases, for example, four feeders can be used to introduce four different yarns at a specific position, as with float insertion. At the next position where float insertion is desired, three feeders can introduce three different or similar yarns to create a float insertion. Using multiple feeders to supply yarns or threads can be useful for creating areas with different properties, such as visual fading effects in a knitted piece.

[0304] Another technique that can be combined with the joining and / or diverging and / or partial knitting and / or intarsia joining and / or exchange and / or float insertion according to the invention is spacer knitting. In spacer knitting, a catch pattern is knitted between the front and back in every second stitch. In a single pass of the knitting machine, the next pass is a mirror image of the first. In a double pass of the carriage, a connection from the front to the back can be made in every stitch. When combining spacer knitting with float insertion, the float yarn can have a special property, e.g., be conductive, reflective, light-emitting, structural, and / or a non-stretch yarn.

[0305] In an example combining the exchange of blended yarns and intarsia (which is unique to footwear), each section is a separate blend (i.e., different yarns, threads, or strands are combined), and each section can have new feeds. For example, one section could have two new feeds. This allows for zonal knitting by inserting yarns into specific areas, particularly to control yarn positioning and thus influence the properties of the knitted fabric.

[0306] This combination of exchange and intarsia is facilitated by the use of independently controlled feeders on a flatbed knitting machine. The precise placement provided by the independently controlled feeders allows for the creation of color fields with a narrower width than on conventional knitting machines. This means that, especially with narrow fabrics, more colors can be used in a single row than would be possible without the independently controlled feeders.

[0307] In another example, single and double jersey are combined. This allows for the creation of single-layer and double-layer zones within a single knitted element. Additionally, the float insert can be used for selective positioning of the float.

[0308] The invention is further described using the following examples: 1. Shoe upper, including: a flat-knitted element, comprising: comprising a first section of the knitting element in a first knitting row: a first thread (11); and a second thread (12), wherein the first and the second threads are joined together and form one or more first joined knitting structures (10), the first thread being a body thread and the second thread being the joining thread in the first joined knitting structure; and comprising a second section of the knitting element: at least one first knitting structure (13) formed from the first thread (11) of the joined threads; and at least one second knitting structure (14) which is formed separately from the first knitting structure (13) in the first knitting row from the second thread (12) of the joined threads. 2. Shoe upper according to Example 1, further comprising a third section which is integrally knitted with at least one of the first and second sections, wherein the first yarn is the joining yarn and the second yarn is the body yarn in one or more second joined knitting structures of the third section. 3. Shoe upper according to one of the preceding examples, wherein at least one of the first, second, third or fourth sections comprises a jacquard pattern and wherein the sections are joined using knitting structures. 4. Shoe upper according to any of the preceding examples, wherein at least part of the knitted element is a double layer and each of the first joined knitted structures, the first (13) and / or second (14) knitted structures comprises a loop, a tuck pattern or a slack insert arranged on an outer layer, an inner layer or in a space between the layers. 5. Shoe upper according to one of the preceding examples, wherein at least a part of the flat-knitted element comprises a double layer and wherein the first knitting structure is positioned in a space between a first layer and a second layer of the knitted element based on a predetermined property of the first yarn and wherein the second knitting structure is knitted in the first or second layer of the knitted element. 6. Shoe upper according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the first knitting structure (13) and the second knitting structure (14) are located at certain predetermined positions of the article. 7. Shoe upper according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the first and second threads along a knitted row are positioned in the at least one first and second knitting structures in such a way that, when a pull is applied to a part of at least one of the first and / or second threads, the at least one first and second knitting structures prevent the knitted row in which the threads are positioned from snagging and / or unraveling. 8. Shoe upper according to one of the preceding examples, wherein the first knitting structure is a vertical float insert such that the first yarn forms a third merged knitting structure in a second row of the first section of the knitting element, such that the first yarn is substantially restricted to a first zone having at least one predetermined property. 9. Shoe upper according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the first yarn comprises a first predetermined property and the second yarn comprises a second predetermined property, and wherein at least one of the first and second predetermined properties comprises at least one of the following properties: elasticity, melting point, thermoregulation, antistatic, antibacterial, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, data transmission, strength, weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, cushioning, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, energy absorption, or luminescence. 10. Shoe upper according to any of the preceding examples, comprising a fourth fused knit structure comprising a third thread and a fourth thread, wherein a fifth fused knit structure is formed from the second and fourth threads. 11. Shoe upper comprising a predetermined design: comprising a flat-knit element of the shoe upper: a first section comprising: one or more loops formed from a first thread positioned as a first body thread and a second thread positioned as a joined thread; a second section comprising: one or more loops formed from the first thread, which is positioned as a second joining thread, and the second thread, which is positioned as a second body thread, which are joined together; wherein the first and second threads extend continuously from the first section into the second section; and wherein the first and second threads alternate in at least some loops of the knitted element, so that the predetermined design is created in the knitted element. 12. Shoe upper as per Example 11, further comprising: a diverging section of the knitted element in which the first thread and the second thread are separated; at least one first knitting structure (13) formed from the first thread (11) of the joined threads; and at least one second knitting structure (14) formed from the second thread (12) of the joined threads. 13. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 11 to 12, wherein the at least one first knitting structure is a vertical float insert such that the first yarn forms a merged knitting structure in a second row of the first or second sections of the stitch element, such that the first yarn is substantially restricted to a first zone having at least one predetermined property. 14. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 11-13, wherein at least one of the first, second or third sections comprises a jacquard knitting pattern incorporating at least one of the first and second threads, and wherein the sections are joined using knitting structures. 15. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 11-13, further comprising: at least one third thread, wherein at least one of the sections includes at least two threads of the first, second or third thread in a jacquard knitting structure, so that at least part of the predetermined design is formed. 16. Shoe upper according to one of examples 11-15, further comprising a customized shoe upper in which the threads have been positioned using at least one of the methods of exchange plating, joining, diverging and jacquard knitting to create a paired predetermined design. 17. Method for producing paired knitted shoe uppers on a flat knitting machine comprising: Knitting a first thread having a first property and a second thread having a second property, as joined threads to form a first section, wherein the first thread is a first body thread and the second thread is a first joining thread; Controlling the positioning of the first and second yarns in a second section of the shoe upper by setting a position of the yarns in a space including the first section and the next needle position to be knitted, using a first independent feed or a second independent feed; and Knitting the first and second threads, which have joined threads to form a second section, wherein the first thread is a second joined thread and the second thread is a second body thread; wherein the position of the threads produces a first predetermined design in a first of the shoe uppers and a paired predetermined design in a second of the shoe uppers. 18. The procedure according to Example 17, further comprising: Controlling the positioning of the first and second threads in a third section of the shoe upper by setting a position of the threads by positioning the first independent feed and the second independent feed at a point that connects a previous knitting position with the next needle position to be knitted; and Knitting the first thread and the second thread using separate locking systems, so that the first thread forms a first knitting structure and the second thread forms a second knitting structure. 19. Procedure according to Example 17 or 18, further comprising: Knitting with at least three strands to create a double-layered knitted element for a shoe upper in at least one of the first, second, third sections and / or a fourth section; and Knitting a jacquard pattern using at least two strands in at least one of the first, second, third and fourth sections. 20. A procedure according to one of Examples 17-19, further comprising: Executing a knitting program for the knitting element of each of the shoe uppers in a controller for the flat knitting machine; and Setting an initial knitting pattern for the first predetermined design of the first shoe upper to create a paired knitting pattern that determines the paired, predetermined design. 21. A procedure according to one of Examples 17-20, further comprising: Knitting the threads within the upper parts so that one or more zones with predetermined properties are formed; and wherein the threads each have a predetermined property which includes at least one of the following properties: elasticity, melting temperature, thermoregulation, antistatic, antibacterial, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, data transmission, strength, weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, cushioning, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, predetermined energy absorption and / or luminescence. 22. Method for shaping a customized shoe upper, comprising: Control of a first independent multi-purpose feeder in at least one plane of motion; Control of a second independent feed in at least one plane of motion; control of a plurality of needles in at least one plane of motion; Control of one or more locking systems in at least one plane of motion; Providing a first thread from the first feed to a first needle, so that the first thread is positioned near a first hook; Providing a second thread from the second feed to the first needle, so that the second thread is positioned near the first thread in the first hook; Forming a first knitting structure of a first section using the first and second threads; Controlling the first and second independent feeds in such a way that the first and second threads are separated; Separating the first threads and the second threads; Forms of a second knitting structure of a second section using the first thread; Forming a first knitting structure of the second section using the first thread; Forms of a second knitting structure of the second section using the second thread; Forms of a third knitting structure of the second section using the third thread; Forms of a third section of the knitting element, comprising: Plating of at least two of the first, second and third threads; Forms of a first knitting structure of the third section using at least two joined threads; and Forms of a second knitting structure of the third section using at least one of the first, second or third threads. 23. Method according to Example 22, wherein the first independent feeder has a first position at a first angle to a vertical plane extending through a transverse axis of a needle bed, and the second independent feeder has a second position at a second angle to a vertical plane extending through a transverse axis of a needle bed, and wherein the first angle and the second angle are different. 24. Article comprising a flat-knitted element, wherein the knitted element comprises: a first section comprising at least two threads (11, 12), both threads forming a joined knitted structure (10); a second section comprising the at least two threads in an exchanged, joined knitting structure; a third section comprising: at least one first knitted structure (13) formed from a first thread (11) of the joined threads and having a first predetermined property; and at least one second knitting structure (14) formed from a second thread (12) of the joined threads and having a second predetermined property, separate from the first knitting structure (13); a fourth section comprising an additional thread knitted with the at least two threads in a Jacquard knitting sequence; the positioning of the threads creates a predetermined design. 25. Article according to Example 24, wherein the first and second threads along a knitted row are positioned in the at least one first and second knitting structure such that, when a pull is applied to a part of at least one of the first and / or second threads, the at least one first and second knitting structure prevents the knitted row in which the threads are positioned from snagging and / or unraveling. 26. Article according to one of Examples 24-25, wherein the at least one first knitting structure comprises a loop and wherein the at least one second knitting structure comprises at least one of a fleet insertion, a loop or a catch pattern. 27. Article according to one of Examples 24-26, wherein each of the first and second predetermined properties includes at least one of the following features: Elasticity, melting point, temperature regulation, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, fire resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, strength (e.g., tensile strength), weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, cushioning, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, energy absorption, or luminescence. 28. Article according to one of Examples 24-27, wherein the first predetermined property is a first melting temperature and the second predetermined property is a second melting temperature. 29. Article according to one of Examples 24-28, wherein the first melting temperature of the first thread is lower than the second melting temperature of the second thread, and wherein the second thread is positioned in areas that are subject to high friction during use. 30. Article according to one of Examples 24-29, wherein the threads along a knitted row in the at least one first and second knitting structures are arranged in such a way that, when a pull is applied to a part of at least one of the first and / or second threads, the at least one first and second knitting structures prevent the knitted row in which the threads are positioned from snagging and / or unraveling. 31. Article according to one of Examples 24 to 30, wherein a first thread and / or a second thread provides connections between a first layer and a second layer of the knitted element on a stitch-by-stitch basis. 32. Article according to one of Examples 24-31, wherein the knitted element comprises a front and a back, and wherein at least one of the first or second knitted structures is positioned on the back to produce at least one three-dimensional effect. 33. Article according to one of Examples 24-32, wherein the knitting element comprises: a first part of the second section, which includes the first thread and is positioned on a front side of the knitted element; and a second part of the second section, which includes the second thread and is positioned on the reverse side of the knitted element; and wherein at least one of the first knitting structures is positioned on the front and the second knitting structures on the back, and wherein a part positioned in a first part of the second section includes at least one held stitch or one skipped stitch to create at least one three-dimensional effect. 34. Article according to one of Examples 24-33, wherein a first thread and / or a second thread provides connections between the first section and a third section of the knitted element. 35. Article according to the preceding example, wherein each of the sections of the knitted element comprises different physical properties. 36. Article according to the preceding example, wherein the first section and the third section of the knitted element comprise different elasticities. 37. Shoe upper, comprising a double-layered, flat-knitted element, comprising: a first section comprising at least two threads (11, 12), both threads forming a joined knitted structure (10); and a second section comprising the at least two threads in an exchanged, joined knitting structure; a third section comprising: at least one first knitted structure (13) formed from a first thread (11) of the joined threads and exhibiting a first predetermined property on a first layer of the knitted element; and at least one second knitting structure (14) formed from a second thread (12) of the joined threads, which has a second predetermined property, which is separate from the first knitting structure (13) and is formed on a second layer of the knitting element or between the first and second layers of the knitting element. 38. Shoe upper according to Example 37, wherein each of the first and second predetermined features includes at least one of the following: Elasticity, melting point, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, fire resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, strength (e.g., tensile strength), weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkage, damping, reflectivity, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, luminescence. 39. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 37-38, wherein the first predetermined property is a first melting temperature and the second predetermined property is a second melting temperature. 40. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 37-39, wherein the first melting temperature of the first thread is lower than the second melting temperature of the second thread, and wherein the second thread is positioned in areas which are subject to high friction during use. 41. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 37-40, wherein the threads along a knitted row are positioned in the at least one first and second knitting structures such that, when a pull is applied to a part of at least one of the first and / or second threads, the at least one first and second knitting structure prevents the knitting row in which the threads are positioned from snagging and / or unraveling. 42. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 37-41, wherein a first thread and / or a second thread provides stitch-by-stitch connections between a first layer and a second layer of the knitted element. 43. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 37-42, wherein a first thread and / or a second thread provides connections between the first section and a third section of the knitted element. 44. Shoe upper according to the preceding example, wherein the first section and the third section of the knitted element comprise different physical properties. 45. Shoe upper according to the preceding example, wherein the first section and the third section of the knitted element have different elasticities. 46. ​​Method for forming a knitted element for a shoe upper, comprising: Providing at least three threads to a knitting machine using separate feeders; Plating at least one first thread and one second thread of the at least three threads; Forming a first knitting structure of a first section using the joined first and second threads; Forms of a second knitting structure of the first section with a third thread of at least three threads, separate from the first knitting structure; Separating the first thread and the second thread; Forms of a second section of the knitting element, comprising: Forming a first knitting structure of the second section using the first thread; Forming a second knitting structure of the second section using the second thread; Forms of a third knitting structure of the second section using the third thread; Forms of a third section of the knitting element, comprising: Plating of at least two of the first, second and third threads; Forms of a first knitting structure of the third section using at least two joined threads; and Forms of a second knitting structure of the third section using at least one of the first, second or third threads. 47. Method according to the preceding example, wherein the first section, the second section and / or the third section comprises at least five stitch positions along a knitted row. 48. Method according to one of Examples 46-47, wherein at least one of the first section, the second section and the third section comprises a Jacquard knitting pattern at at least five stitch positions. 49. Knitting element, comprising: a first section comprising: at least three threads, wherein at least one first thread and one second thread of the at least three threads are joined together and form a first knitting structure; a second knitting structure of the first section, which is formed with a third thread of at least three threads separate from the first knitting structure; a second section of the knitting element, comprising: a first knitting structure of the second section using the first thread; a second knitting structure of the second section using the second thread; a third knitting structure of the second section using the third thread; a third section of the knitting element, comprising: a first knitting structure of the third section, which is formed from at least two of the first, second and third threads; a second knitting structure of the third section using at least one of the first, second and third threads. 50. Knitting element according to the preceding example, wherein at least one of the first section, the second section and the third section comprises at least two stitch positions. 51. Knitting element according to one of Examples 49-50, wherein at least one of the first section, the second section and the third section comprises at least five stitch positions along a knitted row. 52. Knitting element according to one of Examples 49-51, wherein at least one of the first knitting structures, second knitting structures and / or third knitting structure couples the first section with the third section. 53. Knitted top including: a first section comprising two or more threads joined together; a separation zone in which the two or more joined threads are separated; a second section comprising: a first thread of the two or more joined threads, which is formed into a first knitting structure; a second thread of the two or more joined threads, which is formed into a second knitted structure. 54. Knitted top according to the preceding example, wherein the knitted top comprises a front and a back, wherein the first knitting structure is formed on the front of the knitted element and wherein the second knitting structure is formed on the back of the knitted element. 55. Method for manufacturing a knitted component for a footwear article, the method comprising: Knitting at least the first part of a top using a knitting machine; holding the first part of the top on the needles of the knitting machine; Knitting a second part on the knitting machine while the first part of the top is held on the needles; and Connecting the second part to the first part of the knitted element. 56. The method according to the preceding example further comprises the selective control of the positioning of at least two threads using machine settings. 57. Method according to one of Examples 55-56, wherein the machine settings are used to control at least one feeder, taper, lock or needle. 58. Method according to one of Examples 55-57, wherein at least one of the first or second parts comprises a first knitted row extending along a first direction and a second knitted row extending along a second knitting direction. 59. A procedure according to one of the examples 55-58, further comprising: Providing a first thread and a second thread at the knitting machine; Plating the first and second threads in a first section of the knitted component to form an initial joined knitted structure; and Separating the first thread from the second thread; Providing the first thread at a first thread holding element; Manipulating the first thread so that a first knitting structure of a second section is formed from the first thread; Providing the second thread at a second thread holder; and Manipulating the second thread so that a second knitting structure of the second section is formed from the second thread. 60. Knitted shoe upper, including: a first area, comprehensive: a first section which has a first thread and a second thread which are joined together; and encompassing a second area: a first set of knitted structures formed from the first thread; and a second set of knitted structures formed from the second thread. 61. Knitted shoe upper according to Example 60, wherein the first area comprises a midfoot area and the second area comprises an insole area. 62. Knitted shoe upper according to Example 61, further comprising a heel section joined to at least one of the sections and midfoot area using one or more of the following methods: joining, knitting, welding, joining and divergence. 63. Knitted shoe upper according to Example 60, further comprising at least one of a collar area, a heel section and a toe box section in the first area, and wherein at least one of the first and second threads comprises a melt material. 64. Method for knitting a shoe upper, comprising: Knitting a forefoot section of the shoe upper on a first set of knitting needles Holding the forefoot portion on a first set of retaining pins; Knitting a heel section on a second set of knitting needles; Holding the heel portion on a second set of retaining pins; and Connect at least one part of the forefoot part with at least one part of the heel part. 65. Customizable knitted upper for a shoe, comprising: a first section comprising two or more threads joined together; and a second section comprising: a first part, comprising a first melt thread of the two or more joined threads; and a second part, comprising a second thread of the two or more threads joined together. 66. Knitted upper according to Example 65, wherein the first part of the second section is positioned near a midsole or outsole and the second part of the second section is positioned near the foot. 67. Knitted top according to one of Examples 65-66, wherein the second yarn comprises at least one of a dampening yarn, a breathable yarn or a moisture-wicking yarn. 68. Knitted top according to one of Examples 65-67, wherein the first and second parts of the second section are joined together at one or more positions along a knitted row. 69. Knitted top according to one of Examples 65-68 further comprising a third section in which the first and second threads are joined together in such a way as to form a connection between the first and second part of the second section. 70. Knitted upper according to one of Examples 65-69, wherein the first section comprises at least part of the midfoot section of the knitted upper and the second section comprises at least part of a section of the insole. 71. Shoe upper including: a first section comprising three or more threads that are joined together a second section comprising: a first part comprising at least two of the three or more threads, wherein the at least two threads are joined together; and a second part, comprising one remaining thread of the three or more threads. 72. The upper of the shoe according to Example 71 further comprises a third section, wherein the three or more threads include at least one waterproof thread, one moisture-wicking thread and one melt thread. 73. Shoe upper according to one of Examples 71-72, wherein the waterproof yarn and the moisture-wicking yarn may be joined together for a few stitches and then diverge for five or ten stitches. A third yarn may be knitted on the opposite needle bed when the yarns are joined together and may be positioned between the first and second parts of the knitting when the joined yarns diverge, forming knitted structures independently.

[0309] Each of the techniques described above can be used alone or in combination to produce items with customer-specific properties. In some cases, the customer can select the properties for specific areas of a knitted item, such as a shoe upper. For example, a customer might select performance and / or design properties for a particular area of ​​a shoe upper. Specifically, a user can select yarn colors and designs for implementation that require a combination of the techniques described above. For example, swapping blended yarns can be used to create a specific design using yarns of different colors, combined with blending and / or diverging in areas where specific predefined physical and / or visual properties are desired.

Claims

[1] An adaptable, flat-knit, multi-zone element for a shoe upper, comprising: a variety of knitting structures including: a first zone of the knitting element in a first plane comprising at least two joined threads to form at least one joined knitting structure of the plurality of knitting structures; a second zone of the knitted element in a second plane, which is seamlessly connected to the first zone; wherein the plurality of knitting structures comprises one or more positioning knitting structures positioned such that the one or more positioning knitting structures control a position of the first zone relative to the second zone. [2] A flat-knitted element according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the at least two yarns comprise at least one predetermined property selected from elasticity, melting temperature, thermoregulation ability, antistatic properties, antibacterial properties, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, grip, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, data transmission, strength, elongation, weight, breathability, moisture wicking ability, water repellency, compression, shrinkability, cushioning, reflection, insulation, durability, washability, reactivity, predetermined energy absorption and / or luminescence. [3] A flat-knitted element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first zone of the knitted element comprises a first tension in a range of about 0.5 cN to about 40 cN and the second zone comprises a second tension in a range of about 0.5 cN to about 10 cN. [4] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the second zone of the knitted element, a third zone of the knitted element and a fourth zone of the knitted element comprises one or more first knitted structures formed from a first thread of the at least two joined threads and at least one second knitted structure formed from the second thread of the at least two joined threads. [5] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a first position of each of the joined threads in knitting structures of the first zone differs from a second position of each of the joined threads in knitting structures in at least one of the second zone, a third zone or a fourth zone. [6] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising two or more sections, wherein at least one of the sections comprises a jacquard pattern, and wherein the sections are coupled using the one or more positioning knitting structures. [7] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least a portion of the knitted element is a double layer, and wherein each of the plurality of knitting structures comprises a loop, a tuck pattern, or a tension thread insert disposed on an outer layer, an inner layer, or in a space between the layers. [8] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the yarns have been positioned using exchange plating, merging, diverging and / or jacquard knitting to produce a predetermined pattern. [9] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a configuration of at least some of the plurality of knitting structures prevents snagging and / or unraveling. [10] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a paired flat-knitted element comprising a mirror image of a design of the flat-knitted element. [11] A flat-knitted element according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the flat-knitted element comprises a plurality of flat-knitted elements of a predetermined design, each having stitch sizes within a predetermined stitch size tolerance relative to each other. [12] A method for producing an adjustable zonal knitting element for a shoe upper on a flat knitting machine, comprising: Controlling one or more independent multi-purpose feeders in at least one plane of movement; Controlling a plurality of needles in at least one plane of movement; Controlling one or more locking systems in at least one movement plane; Positioning at least two of the one or more independent multi-purpose feeders so that at least two threads are provided to a needle bed at a predetermined angle at a first position; and Controlling a carriage in at least one plane of movement such that the carriage moves along the needle bed and forms at least a first knitting structure near the first position to form a first zone of the knitting element; Positioning the at least two of the one or more independent multiple feeds such that at least one of the at least two threads is provided to the needle bed at a second position as separate threads; Controlling the carriage in the at least one plane of movement so that the carriage moves along the needle bed and forms at least a second knitting structure near the second position to form a second zone of the knitting element; and wherein controlling the carriage in at least one plane of movement further comprises moving the carriage in a substantially continuous motion from a first end of the needle bed to a second end of the needle bed while forming the first and second zones. [13] The method of claim 12, wherein controlling at least one of the plurality of needles, the one or more independent multi-purpose feeders, or the one or more cam systems comprises movement in at least two planes of movement. [14] A method according to any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the at least two threads further comprise a tensioned thread provided to the needle bed with a first predetermined tension in the first zone and a second predetermined tension in the second zone. [15] A method according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein positioning the at least two independent multi-purpose feeders prior to forming the second zone comprises switching a relative position of the at least two independent multi-purpose feeders to each other such that the carriage first encounters a first independent multi-purpose feeder in the first zone and first encounters a second independent multi-purpose feeder in the second zone such that the at least two threads are provided in a first order at a first position and in a second order at a second position in the second zone. [16] A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the at least two threads are provided to the needle bed in the second zone as separate threads each forming a separate knitting structure selected from a tuck stitch, a knit stitch, a tucked strand or a skip stitch, such that the threads form a second knitting structure and a third knitting structure in the second zone. [17] A method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the first and second independent multi-purpose feeders are positioned in different planes so that the first and second independent multi-purpose feeders pass each other as they move along the needle bed so that the first thread and the second thread can be delivered independently of each other to one or more needles. [18] A method according to any one of claims 12-17, wherein the customized zonal knitting element comprises: a first top; and a second paired top; and further comprising positioning the at least two threads in the first upper and the second paired upper using exchange plating, merging, diverging and jacquard knitting to create a paired predetermined design. [19] A method for producing paired knitted shoe uppers on a flat knitting machine, comprising: Positioning a first thread having a first characteristic in a first needle using a first independent multi-purpose feeder; Positioning a second thread having a second characteristic in the first needle proximate the first thread using a second independent multi-purpose feeder; knitting the first yarn and the second yarn as a first joined yarn to form a first portion such that the second yarn is displayed on a front side of a first top; Controlling the positioning of the first and second threads in a second section of the first upper part by adjusting a position of at least one of the first or second independent multi-purpose feeders; and Knitting the first thread and the second thread to form the second section, the first thread being shown on the front of the first top; wherein the position of the threads creates a first predetermined design in the first upper part; Knitting a second top having a paired predetermined design generated from the first predetermined pattern. [20] The method of claim 19, further comprising: Knitting at least three threads to produce a double-layered knitting element for a shoe upper in at least one of the first, second, third sections and / or a fourth section; Knitting a jacquard pattern using at least two threads in at least one of the first, second, third and fourth sections; and wherein knitting a second upper having a paired predetermined pattern further comprising: Setting a first knitting pattern for the first predetermined design of the first upper part to produce a paired knitting pattern that determines the paired predetermined design; and Executing a knitting program for the knitting element of each of the upper parts in a control system for the flat knitting machine.

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