Retracting device, use of a horizontal drive for retracting a crane, method for retracting a crane, crane, computer program and computer-readable medium

Abstract

A retracting device (2) for retracting a crane (1), wherein the retracting device (2) has a hook block (3) comprising an upper block (4) and a lower block (5), wherein the upper block (4) is detachable from the lower block (5) when retracting the crane (1), characterized in that the upper block (4) has a retracting bolt (6) and the retracting device (2) has a holding point (7) and a retracting means (8), wherein the upper block (4) can be engaged, in particular hooked, into the holding point (7) with its retracting bolt (6) for retracting the crane (1) from an M-strand operation to an N-strand operation, and can be disengaged from the holding point (7) with the help of the retracting means (8) for retracting from the N-strand operation to the M-strand operation, characterized in that the retracting means (8) is at least indirectly connected to a horizontal drive (27) of a crane (1) which is equipped with the reversing device (2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a reeving device for reeving a crane, wherein the reeving device has a hook block comprising an upper block and a lower block, wherein the upper block can be detached from the lower block during reeving of the crane. Furthermore, the invention also relates to the use of a horizontal drive of a crane during reeving of the crane, methods for reeving a crane, a crane with a reeving device, as well as a computer program and a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored.

[0002] Rewinding devices of the type mentioned above are known in various designs from practice and the prior art. For example, the publications DE 31 49 690 A1, DE 12 85 152 A, DE 10 2007 002 346 A1, IT MI0020101302 A, DE 28 45 874 A1, DE 21 16 544 A, and DE 35 43 214 A1 disclose rewinding devices in various designs. Such rewinding devices are used to rewind cranes from M-fall operation to N-fall operation and vice versa.

[0003] For example, cranes are already known that can be reeved from a 2-fall operation to a 4-fall operation and vice versa.

[0004] Especially when reeving from an N-fall operation to an M-fall operation, where N is greater than M, it must be ensured that the reeving process is carried out correctly, since a load acting on a hoist rope of the crane in M-fall operation can be several times, for example double, the load in the previous N-fall operation.

[0005] Furthermore, such reversing devices are exposed to comparatively high loads and adverse conditions, so they are generally subject to significant wear. As a result, previously known reversing devices can often be comparatively maintenance-intensive.

[0006] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a reeving device, a method for reeving a crane as well as a crane, a computer program and a computer-readable medium which simplify the reeving of a crane.

[0007] To achieve this object, a reversing device with the means and features of the independent claim directed to such a reversing device is initially proposed. To achieve the object, it is thus proposed, particularly in a reversing device of the type mentioned above, that the upper block have a reversing pin, and the reversing device have a holding point and a reversing means. The upper block can be coupled, in particular suspended, into the holding point with its reversing pin for reversing the crane from M-leg operation to N-leg operation, and can be uncoupled from the holding point with the aid of the reversing means for reversing from N-leg operation to M-leg operation.

[0008] At this point it should be mentioned that the placeholder M can stand for a whole, especially even, number, while the placeholder N can stand for another whole, especially even, number.

[0009] In one embodiment of the reeving device, M can be smaller than N. If M is smaller than N, reeving can be performed, for example, from an M=2-leg operation to an N=4-leg operation by coupling the upper block to the holding point.

[0010] However, the placeholder M can also stand for a whole, especially even, number that is greater than the whole, especially even, number N. If M is greater than N, it is possible to switch from an M=6-leg operation to an N=4-leg operation by coupling the upper block to the holding point, for example.

[0011] By engaging the upper block with the reeving device's holding point, it is possible to separate the upper block from the lower block. For example, if the crane equipped with the reeving device is initially used in 2-fall operation, the upper block can be moved to the holding point, particularly using a crane hoist, and engaged there. Once the upper block is engaged with its reeving pin in the holding point, the lower block can be separated from the upper block by lowering the lower block, and the crane can be reeved into 4-fall operation.

[0012] The holding point of the reeving device can be connected at least indirectly to a crane's supporting structure, for example, to a boom or a crossbeam of the crane. In this way, the top block can be connected at least temporarily to a crane's supporting structure by coupling it to the holding point, where it can form a suspension point around which the aforementioned crane hoist rope can be guided.

[0013] According to the invention, the reversing device can be actuated at least indirectly with a horizontal drive of a crane equipped with the reversing device, in particular, it can be moved from a starting position to a disengaged position. Thus, reversing from N-leg operation to M-leg operation can be achieved by disengaging the top block from the holding point without a separate drive for actuating the reversing device. The horizontal drive can be a drive of a trolley of the crane on which the reversing device is formed or arranged.

[0014] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the reeving device, which is characterized by its robustness and also at least facilitates largely or even completely automated reeving, the reeving device is provided with a reeving link in which the holding point is formed. When the reeving device is in the operating position, the reeving link can be connected at least indirectly to a supporting structure of the crane, for example, to the aforementioned crossbeam or the aforementioned boom.

[0015] The reversing link can form a guide for the upper block, in particular for the reversing pin of the upper block, which leads to the stop point of the reversing link. This allows the reversing pin of the upper block to be guided precisely and particularly easily to the stop point, for example, using the previously mentioned hoist of the crane equipped with the reversing device.

[0016] The reversing means of the reversing device can be movable from an initial position into a disengaging position for reversing from the N-strand operation back to the M-strand operation, wherein the reversing means closes the holding point for the reversing bolt when the reversing means has assumed the disengaging position.

[0017] In this way, it is possible to lift the top block from the holding point, for example, using the crane's previously mentioned hoist, then operate the reversing device, which closes the holding point, and then lower the top block. The top block, for example with its reversing pin, can slide along the reversing device and past the holding point, ultimately disengaging the top block and allowing the crane to revers.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the reversing device, the reversing means is a reversing lever. When actuated, the reversing lever can be moved from the previously explained starting position into the disengaged position to close the holding point for the reversing bolt. In this context, it should be mentioned that the reversing means, in particular the reversing lever, can have a guide surface for the reversing bolt, along which the reversing bolt can slide when the reversing means is in the disengaged position to disengage the top block and complete the reversing from N-leg operation to M-leg operation.

[0019] The reversing means can be pivotally mounted to perform a decoupling movement. This can be done, for example, on a supporting structure of a crane equipped with the reversing device and / or on a trolley of the reversing device and / or the crane. The reversing device can have a reversing stop configured to actuate the reversing means. In the use position of the reversing device, the reversing stop can be arranged on a supporting structure, for example, on a crossbeam and / or on a boom, of a crane equipped with the reversing device.

[0020] In this way, it is possible to operate the reversing device indirectly, for example, via a horizontal drive, such as a trolley drive, of the crane equipped with the reversing device. One option for indirectly operating the reversing device is explained in more detail below. This eliminates the need for a separate drive to operate the reversing device.

[0021] The shielding means, in particular when it is designed as a shielding lever, may have a shielding leg and a stop leg. By means of the stop leg, the shielding means can abut against a shielding stop, for example the one already mentioned above. Thereby, a movement can be transferred from the stop leg to the shielding leg, as a result of which the shielding leg can be moved into the decoupling position already mentioned above, in which the shielding leg then closes the holding point for the shielding bolt of the surface.

[0022] In one embodiment of the reeving device, the stop leg is longer than the cross leg. Such a selection of the leg lengths of the stop leg and the reeving leg can be advantageous for absorbing and dissipating a load that the top block may exert on the reeving leg, at least temporarily, when reeving from N-leg operation to M-leg operation, when it passes the holding point closed by the reeving leg.

[0023] In this context, it can be advantageous if the reversing arm of the reversing device, in the disengaging position of the reversing device, is flush with a guide flank of the aforementioned reversing link or protrudes into the reversing link. This ensures that the top block with its reversing pin can slide along the reversing arm out of the reversing link when passing the stop point, which is closed by the reversing arm when the reversing device is in the disengaging position, without getting caught on an offset or undercut. The aforementioned guide surface of the reversing device can be formed on the reversing arm of the reversing device.

[0024] The reversing device can have, in particular on the underside of a link support of the reversing device, in or on which the reversing link can be formed, a guide surface for the reversing pin, via which the reversing pin can be guided into the guide link. The guide surface can be inclined towards the reversing link. In this way, it is possible to initially move the upper block from below against the guide surface and then raise it further, for example using the previously mentioned hoist of the crane equipped with the reversing device, whereby the vertical movement of the upper block can be converted into a lateral movement of the upper block towards an entrance into the reversing link of the reversing device due to the inclination or slant of the guide surface. This also favors at least partially or even fully automated reversing using the reversing device.

[0025] The reversing device can have a return mechanism, for example a return spring, with which the reversing device can be moved from its disengaged position back to its starting position. When the reversing device is in its starting position, the stop point of the reversing device is then freely accessible for re-engaging the top block to the stop point. This return mechanism eliminates the need for a separate drive to return the reversing device from the disengaged position to its starting position.

[0026] The reversing device, in particular the aforementioned reversing link of the reversing device, can have an upper dead center, which is preferably arranged above the stopping point and / or opposite the stopping point.

[0027] Before the upper block is actually coupled to the holding point, the upper block can first be moved to top dead center. By lowering the upper block from top dead center, the upper block can then be reliably coupled with its reversing pin by lowering the upper block to the holding point below, completing the reversing process from M-leg operation to N-leg operation.

[0028] Targeting the top dead center before actually engaging the upper block with the holding point can also be advantageous, as this allows any vibrations of the upper block to be absorbed on the way to the top dead center and / or from the top dead center to the lower holding point. This promotes reliable positioning of the reversing pin in the holding point of the reversing device.

[0029] To achieve this objective, the use of a horizontal drive, in particular a trolley drive, of a crane for actuating a reversing mechanism of a reversing device when disengaging a top block of the crane from a holding point during reversing of the crane is also proposed. In this way, a separate drive for actuating the reversing mechanism, which has already been explained in detail in connection with the reversing device, can be dispensed with. The reversing device can be a reversing device according to one of the claims directed to such a device.

[0030] To couple the top block to the holding point, a hoist of the crane can be used when reeving the crane, for example by lowering the top block to the holding point using the hoist to couple the top block.

[0031] It should be noted here that the crane's hoist can also be used to disengage the top block from the holding point. First, the top block can be lifted from the holding point using the hoist, then the reversing device can be operated using the crane's horizontal drive, and finally the top block can be lowered using the hoist. The top block can slide along the reversing device, for example, using its reversing pin, and be disengaged, which can then close the holding point.

[0032] To solve the problem, a method for reeving a crane from M-fall operation to N-fall operation is also proposed. A top block of the crane is coupled to a holding point using a reeving pin. The top block is first raised to a top dead center above the holding point using a hoist of the crane until a load acting on a hoist rope of the crane and / or a moment of the hoist gear of the crane reaches a limit value. By monitoring the load acting on the hoist rope of the crane and / or the moment that must be applied by the hoist gear when raising the top block to the top dead center above the holding point, it is possible to reliably determine whether and when the top block is at the top dead center.

[0033] Here, too, the placeholder M can stand for a whole, in particular even, number which, depending on the embodiment of the method, is smaller or larger than the whole, in particular even, number N. For example, with the method described above, it is possible to switch from an M=2-leg operation to an N=4-leg operation by coupling the upper block into the holding point. In another embodiment of the method, it is possible to switch from an M=6-leg operation to an N=4-leg operation by coupling the upper block into the holding point.

[0034] The load acting on the crane's hoist rope can be monitored using a load measuring device, such as a load measuring axis. The moment of the crane's hoist can be monitored by appropriate electronics, such as a frequency converter and / or a crane control unit, and used as a control variable for the crane, particularly for the crane's hoist.

[0035] After reaching top dead center, the upper block can be lowered with the hoist to an intermediate position above the holding point until the load and / or moment reach / reach a relief value below the previously mentioned limit. When the load and / or moment reach / reach the relief value below the limit, this indicates that the intermediate position has been reached. The upper block can remain in this intermediate position for a defined period of time, for example by setting the crane's hoist to stop. By stopping the upper block in the intermediate position below top dead center, but above the holding point, vibrations that could impair the coupling of the upper block to the holding point can initially be reduced.Once the defined time has elapsed, the upper block can then be lowered, thereby engaging the upper block's reversing pin in the holding point. For example, the upper block can be lowered from the intermediate position by a defined stroke.

[0036] To solve the problems, a method for reeving a crane from N-fall operation to M-fall operation is also proposed. In this method, a top block of the crane is raised by a hoist of the crane from a holding point, for example, in a reeving gate, to a top dead center until a load acting on a hoist rope of the crane and / or a moment of the hoist reach(s) a respective limit value. Once the limit value is reached, a reeving device is moved from an initial position to a disengaging position, in which it closes the holding point for the top block, after which the top block is lowered and thus disengaged.

[0037] Here, too, the placeholder M can again stand for a whole, in particular even, number which, depending on the embodiment of the method, is smaller or larger than the whole, in particular even, number N. Thus, in one embodiment of the method described above, for example, it is possible to switch from an N=4-leg operation to an M=2-leg operation by disengaging the upper block from the holding point. In another embodiment of the method, it is possible to switch from an N=4-leg operation to an M=6-leg operation by disengaging the upper block from the holding point.

[0038] In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that a trolley of the crane is moved against a stop by a horizontal drive of the crane, wherein the reversing means is actuated by a reversing stop and moved into the uncoupling position.

[0039] If a torque of the horizontal drive reaches a limit value, for example because the trolley has hit the previously mentioned stop, a safety requirement may be met to lower the top block using the hoist.

[0040] To achieve this objective, a crane, in particular a tower crane or revolving tower crane, is also proposed, which comprises a reeving device according to one of the claims directed thereto. The crane may further comprise a hoist, a horizontal drive for a trolley of the crane, and / or a control unit for controlling and / or monitoring the hoist, the horizontal drive, and / or a load acting on a hoist rope of the crane and / or a torque of the hoist and / or horizontal drive.

[0041] To achieve the object, a crane with the features of claim 20 is also proposed, which comprises means configured to carry out the method steps of a method for reeving the crane according to one of the claims directed to such methods. The means comprise at least one hoist, a horizontal drive, and a control unit for controlling the hoist and the horizontal drive.

[0042] Finally, to achieve the object, a computer program is also proposed which comprises instructions which cause the aforementioned crane to carry out the method steps of a method for reeving the crane according to one of the claims directed to such methods.

[0043] The computer program can be stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can be, for example, a data storage device, in particular a control unit of the crane, and / or a data storage device connected via a data network and / or cloud-based.

[0044] An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawing. Further embodiments of the invention arise from the combination of the features of one or more claims and / or from the combination of one or more features of the embodiment.

[0045] They show: Fig. 1 A supporting structure of a crane with a reeving device, showing a hook block with an upper block and a lower block as well as a reeving link with a holding point into which the upper block can be coupled with a reeving bolt for reeving from a 2-fall operation to a 4-fall operation, Fig. 2 which in Fig. 1 shown reversing device, wherein the reversing bolt of the upper block is inserted into the reversing link of the reversing device, Fig. 3 a front view of the Fig. 1 shown reversing device on the crane’s supporting structure, Fig. 4-10 different views of the rewinding device shown in the previous figures to illustrate the rewinding process in seven individual stages from 2-strand operation to 4-strand operation, Fig. 11-17 views of the rewinding device shown in the previous figures to illustrate a rewinding process in seven different stages from 4-strand operation back to 2-strand operation, Fig. 18 which in Fig. 14 detail marked with the circle Z in an enlarged view and Fig. 19 which in Fig. 15 Detail marked with the circle Y in an enlarged view.

[0046] All figures show at least parts of a crane, designated as a whole by 1. The crane 1 can be designed, for example, as a tower crane or as a revolving tower crane, in particular as a top- or bottom-slewing tower crane.

[0047] The crane comprises a reeving device 2 for reeving the crane 1 from a 2-fall operation to a 4-fall operation.

[0048] The reeving device 2 has a hook block 3 comprising an upper block 4 and a lower block 5. The upper block 4 can be released from the lower block 5 when the crane 1 is reeved.

[0049] The upper block 4 has a reversing pin 6. The reversing device 2 comprises a holding point 7 and a reversing means 8.

[0050] To reeve the crane 1 from 2-fall operation to 4-fall operation, the upper block 4 can be coupled with its reeve pin 6 into the holding point 7. The upper block 4 is hooked into the holding point 7 with its reeve pin 6.

[0051] To change from 4-strand operation to 2-strand operation, the upper block 4 can be uncoupled from the holding point 7 using the change-over device 8.

[0052] In the operating position, the reversing device 2 is at least indirectly connected to a supporting structure 9 of the crane 1. The supporting structure 9 is a boom of the crane 1.

[0053] The reversing device 2 comprises a reversing link 10 in which the holding point 7 is formed. The reversing means 8 can be moved from an initial position to a decoupling position for reversing the crane 1 from 4-fall operation to 2-fall operation. This is done indirectly by a horizontal drive 27 of the crane 1 for a trolley 11 of the crane 1. In the decoupling position, the reversing means 8 closes the holding point 7 for the reversing pin 6 of the upper block 4. Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show the reversing means 8 in its disengaging position.

[0054] The reversing means 8 is designed as a reversing lever and is mounted on a link support 19 of the reversing device 2 to carry out a decoupling movement, i.e. a movement between the previously mentioned initial position and the position in the Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 shown decoupling position, pivoted.

[0055] The reversing device 2 further comprises a reversing stop 12. The reversing stop 12 is arranged on the supporting structure 9 of the crane 1. The reversing stop 12 serves to actuate the reversing means 8 and enables the reversing means 8 to be moved from its initial position into its uncoupling position according to the Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 to move.

[0056] The reversing means 8 comprises a reversing leg 13 and a stop leg 14. With the stop leg 14, the reversing means 8 contacts the previously mentioned reversing stop 12. The movement carried out by the stop leg 14 is transferred to the reversing leg 13, whereby the reversing leg 13 is moved into the position shown, for example, in the Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, in which it closes the holding point 7 of the reversing device 2 in such a way that the upper block 4 cannot engage with its reversing bolt 6 in the holding point 7 of the reversing device 2 when lowered.

[0057] Since the upper block 4 with its reversing bolt 6 can at least temporarily bear on the reversing leg 13 of the reversing means 8, it is advantageous that the reversing leg 13 is shorter than the stop leg 14 of the reversing means 8.

[0058] This prevents the trolley 11, on which the reversing means 8 and the link support 19 are arranged, from being moved out of the position shown in the Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 is pressed.

[0059] The Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 illustrate that the reversing leg 13 of the reversing means 8, in the uncoupling position of the reversing means 8, is at least flush with a guide flank 15 of the reversing link 10 or even projects into the reversing link 10. The reversing leg 13, in turn, has a guide surface 16 along which the upper block 4 with its reversing pin 6 can slide during reversing from 4-strand operation back to 2-strand operation.

[0060] In order to be able to move the reversing means 8 from its disengaged position back to its initial position, the reversing device 2 is equipped with a return means 17, namely a return spring. With the help of the return means 17, the reversing device 2 can be returned to its initial position, for example Fig. 1, which is determined by an end stop 18 on the trolley 11 or the link support 19, which is connected to the trolley 11. The previously mentioned reversing link 10 is formed on the link support 19.

[0061] On an underside of the link support 19, the reversing device 2 has a guide surface 20. The guide surface 20 serves to guide the reversing pin 6 safely into the reversing link 10.

[0062] For example, the Fig. 1, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 illustrate that the reversing device 2 has a top dead center 21 in its reversing link 10, which is arranged above the holding point 7 and opposite the holding point 7.

[0063] The process for reeving crane 1 from 2-fall operation to 4-fall operation can be particularly well explained using the seven stages described in the Fig. 4-10.

[0064] In this case, it is provided that the upper block 4 of the crane 1 is coupled with its reversing pin 6 into the previously mentioned holding point 7. The upper block 4 is initially lifted by a hoist 22 of the crane 1 to the top dead center 21 above the holding point 7 until a load acting on a hoist rope 23 of the crane 1 and / or a moment of the hoist 22 reaches / reaches a respective limit value. The load acting on the hoist rope 23 of the crane 1 can be determined, for example, using a load measuring device 24 of the crane 1, for example a load measuring axis, which is only shown very schematically. The moment applied by the hoist 22 of the crane 1 can be monitored and determined using a control unit 25 and / or a frequency converter 26 of the crane 1.

[0065] The lifting of the upper block 4 to the top dead center 21 is in stages 1-4, which are in the Fig. 4-7 are shown. In Fig. 8 the upper block 4 has then reached the top dead center 21.

[0066] After the upper block 4 has reached the top dead center 21, the upper block 4 is lowered with the hoist 22 of the crane 1 into an intermediate position above the holding point 7 but below the dead center 21 until the load and / or the moment has reached a relief value below the limit value. Fig. 9 shows the upper block 4 in this intermediate position.

[0067] The upper block 4 remains in this intermediate position for a defined period of time to allow any vibrations and / or movements of the upper block 4 to dissipate. Subsequently, the upper block 4 is lowered, for example, by a defined stroke, using the lifting mechanism 22, thereby engaging the reversing pin 6 of the upper block 4 in the holding point 7.

[0068] Thus, the upper block 4 remains in the Fig. 10 shown position on the supporting structure 9 of the crane 1, whereby the crane 1 is then reeved from the 2-strand operation to the 4-strand operation and the lower block 5 can be moved independently of the upper block 4 suspended on four strands of the hoist rope 23 with the hoisting mechanism 22 of the crane 1.

[0069] Based on the seven in the Fig. The stages of reeving shown in Figures 11 to 17 can be used to explain the procedure for reeving crane 1 from 4-fall operation to 2-fall operation.

[0070] In this case, the upper block 4 is initially lifted with the hoist 22 of the crane 1 from the holding point 7 to the top dead center 21 until a load acting on the hoist rope 23 of the crane 1 and / or a moment of the hoist 22 reaches a respective limit value. Subsequently, the reversing means 8 of the reversing device 2 is moved from the starting position (cf. for example Fig. 1) into the disengagement position (see for example Fig. 18 and Fig. 19), in which the rewinding device 8 closes the holding point 7 for the upper block 4. The upper block 4 can then be lowered and thus uncoupled.

[0071] In order to actuate the reversing device 8 and to move it from its starting position into the uncoupling position, the trolley 11 of the crane 1 is moved by the horizontal drive 27 of the crane 1 against a stop 28 which limits the travel path of the trolley 11.

[0072] The stop 28 is arranged between a coupling point 29 of the supporting structure 9 of the crane 1, for example adjacent to a cab of the crane 1, and an operating point 30 of the trolley 11 on the supporting structure 9 of the crane 1, which is closest to the coupling point 29. Fig. 1 illustrates that the reversing means 8 already contacts the reversing stop 12 before the trolley 11 has reached its stop 28. In this way, it is possible to move the reversing means 8 from the starting position to its disengaging position by moving the trolley 11 against its stop 28.

[0073] By monitoring the torque of the horizontal drive 27 of the crane 1, it can be determined when the trolley 11 has reached the stop 28. As soon as the trolley 11 has reached the stop 28, an increase in the torque of the horizontal drive 27 of the crane 1 can be detected. When the torque of the horizontal drive 27 reaches a defined limit, the upper block 4 is lowered with the hoist 22. In the process, the upper block 4 with its reversing pin 6 escaped from the Fig. 18 shown position first into the position shown in Fig.19, in which the reversing pin 6 rests on the reversing leg 13 of the reversing device 8. If the upper block 4 is lowered further using the hoist 22, the upper block 4 slides along the guide surface 16 of the reversing leg 13 out of the reversing link 10 and is thus ultimately disengaged. The upper block 4 and lower block 5 can then be vertically adjusted together in 2-strand operation using the hoist 22 of the crane 1.

[0074] Through its control unit 25, its load measuring device 24, its frequency converter 26, its hoist 22 and its horizontal drive 27, the crane 1 has means by which it is adapted to carry out the method steps of the aforementioned methods for reeving the crane 1.

[0075] The control unit 27 comprises a computer-readable medium 31, namely a data memory on which a computer program 32 is stored, which includes instructions that cause the crane 1 to carry out the method steps of the previously explained methods for reeving the crane 1.

[0076] The invention relates to improvements in the technical field of crane construction. For this purpose, among other things, a reeving device 2 is proposed, which has a holding point 7 and a reeving means 8. In order to reeve a crane 1 from an M-leg operation, in particular from a 2-leg operation, to an N-leg operation, in particular to a 4-leg operation, using the reeving device 2, the upper block 4 can be coupled with its reeving pin 6 into the holding point 7. In order to reeve the crane 1 from the N-leg operation back to the M-leg operation, the upper block 4 can be disengaged from the holding point 7 using the reeving means 8. List of reference symbols 1 crane 2 reversing device 3 hook blocks 4 top bottle 5 Lower block 6 shear bolts 7 stopping point 8 rewinding devices 9 Supporting structure 10 reversing scenery 11 trolley 12 reversing stop 13 shearing legs 14 stop legs 15 leading flank 16 Guide surface 17 Restoring agents 18 End stop for 8 19 backdrop supports 20 guide surface on 19 21 top dead center 22 Hoist 23 hoist rope 24 load measuring devices 25 Control unit 26 frequency converters 27 Horizontal drive 28 stops for 11 29 Coupling point 30 operating point 31 Computer-readable medium 32 computer program

Claims

[1] A reversing device (2) for reversing a crane (1), wherein the reversing device (2) has a hook block (3) comprising an upper block (4) and a lower block (5), wherein the upper block (4) is detachable from the lower block (5) when reversing the crane (1), characterized by that the upper block (4) has a reversing pin (6) and the reversing device (2) has a holding point (7) and a reversing means (8), wherein the upper block (4) can be coupled, in particular suspended, into the holding point (7) with its reversing pin (6) for reversing the crane (1) from an M-leg operation to an N-leg operation, and can be uncoupled from the holding point (7) with the aid of the reversing means (8) for reversing from the N-leg operation to the M-leg operation, characterized by that the reversing means (8) can be actuated at least indirectly with a horizontal drive (27) of a crane (1) which is equipped with the reversing device (2). [2] The reversing device (2) according to claim 1, wherein the reversing means (8) is movable at least indirectly from an initial position into a decoupling position by means of a horizontal drive (27) of a crane (1) which is equipped with the reversing device (2). [3] The reversing device (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the holding point (7) is at least indirectly connected to a supporting structure (9) of the crane (1) when the reversing device (2) is in the position of use and / or wherein the reversing device (2) has a reversing link (10) in which the holding point (7) is formed. [4] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing means (8) is movable from a or the starting position into a or the uncoupling position, in which the reversing means (8) closes the holding point (7) for the reversing bolt (6). [5] Rewinding device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rewinding means (8) is a rewinding lever and / or wherein the rewinding means (8) is pivotally mounted for execution, in particular on a trolley (11) of the rewinding device (2) and / or of the crane (1). [6] The reversing device (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing device (2) has a reversing stop (12) for actuating the reversing means (8), in particular wherein the reversing stop (12) is arranged in the use position of the reversing device on a supporting structure (9) of a crane (1) which is equipped with the reversing device (2). [7] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing means (8), in particular the reversing lever, has a reversing leg (13) and a stop leg (14), preferably wherein the stop leg is longer than the reversing leg. [8] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing leg (13) of the reversing means (8) is flush with a guide flank (15) of the reversing link (10) or projects into the reversing link (10) in the uncoupling position of the reversing means (8). [9] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing device (2) has a return means (17), in particular a return spring, with which the reversing means (8) can be moved from its uncoupling position back into its starting position. [10] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing device (2), in particular on an underside of a link support (19) of the reversing device (2), has a guide surface (20) for the reversing bolt (6), via which the reversing bolt (6) can be guided into the reversing link (10). [11] The reversing device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reversing device (2), in particular the reversing link (10), has a top dead center (21), in particular which is arranged above the holding point (7) and / or opposite the holding point (7). [12] Use of a horizontal drive (27), in particular a trolley drive, of a crane (1) for actuating a reversing means of a reversing device (2) when uncoupling an upper block (4) of the crane (1) from a holding point of the reversing device (2), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, of the crane (1) when reversing the crane (1). [13] Use according to the preceding claim, wherein a hoist (22) of the crane (1) is used to couple the upper block (4) into the holding point (7) when reeving the crane (1). [14] Method for reeving a crane (1) from an M-leg operation to an N-leg operation, wherein an upper block (4) of the crane (1) is coupled to a holding point (7) with a reeving bolt (6), wherein the upper block (4) is first lifted to a top dead center (21) above the holding point (7) with a hoist (22) of the crane (1) until a load acting on a hoist rope (23) of the crane (1) and / or a moment of the hoist (22) of the crane (1) reaches / reaches a limit value. [15] Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the upper block (4) is lowered with the lifting mechanism (22) into an intermediate position above the holding point (7) after reaching the top dead center (21) until the load and / or the moment reaches / reaches a relief value below the limit value, after which the upper block (4) remains in the intermediate position for a defined period of time and is then lowered, in particular by a defined stroke, and thereby the reversing bolt (6) of the upper block (4) is coupled into the holding point (7). [16] Method for reeving a crane (1) from an N-leg operation to an M-leg operation, wherein an upper block (4) is lifted by a hoist (22) of the crane (1) from a holding point (7) to a top dead center (21) until a load acting on a hoist rope (23) of the crane (1) and / or a moment of the hoist (22) reaches a respective limit value, after which a reeving means (8) is moved from an initial position to a decoupling position in which it closes the holding point (7) for the upper block (4), after which the upper block (4) is lowered and thereby uncoupled. [17] Method according to the preceding claim, wherein a trolley (11) of the crane (1) is moved by a horizontal drive (27) of the crane (1) against a stop (28), in particular the stop (28) arranged between a cab of the crane (1) and a working point (30) of the trolley (11) closest to the cab of the crane (1) on the supporting structure (9) of the crane (1), whereby the reversing means is actuated by a reversing stop (12) and moved into the uncoupling position. [18] Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the upper block (4) is lowered with the lifting mechanism (22) when a moment of the horizontal drive (27) reaches a limit value. [19] Crane (1), in particular tower crane or revolving tower crane, with a reversing device (2) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in particular wherein the crane (1) has a hoist (22) and / or a horizontal drive (27) and / or a control unit (25). [20] Crane (1), in particular according to the preceding claim, with means which are designed to carry out the method steps of a method for reeving the crane (1) according to one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the means comprise at least one hoist (22), a horizontal drive (27) and a control unit (25) for controlling the hoist (22) and the horizontal drive (27). [21] Computer program (32) comprising instructions which cause the crane (1) according to one of claims 19 or 20 to carry out the method steps of the method according to one of claims 14 to 18. [22] Computer-readable medium (31) on which the computer program (32) according to the preceding claim is stored.

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