Arrangement and method for joining components

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement (1) for joining components (B1, B2) by means of at least one joining element (2). According to the invention, the arrangement (1) comprises a joining device (3) which has: - an actuator-driven joining tool (4) designed to drive the joining element (2) into the components (B1, B2) at a joining point, and - a laser beam heating device (5) or plasma beam heating device designed to heat the joining point before driving in the joining element (2). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for joining components (B1, B2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for joining components according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] As described in EP 1 269 029 B1, a method for setting a blind rivet is known from the prior art. The blind rivet consists of a mandrel having a predetermined breaking point, a rivet head, a cup- or sleeve-shaped rivet shank, a rod head located on the predetermined breaking point side of the mandrel, and a rivet head collar for contact with a workpiece.The blind rivet is set using a suitable device, through which the forces acting on the rivet mandrel in the setting direction are directed in the direction and along the central axis of the rivet mandrel, so that the driven blind rivet bores through one or more workpieces to be joined up to the stop on the rivet shank side, in order to then, in the next process step, while simultaneously holding the rivet head in place, pull the rivet mandrel against the setting direction, whereby, until the rivet mandrel breaks off due to the force being exceeded at the predetermined breaking point, a joining-creating expansion forms on the side of the rivet shank opposite the rivet head.

[0003] Furthermore, DE 10 2016 210 115 A1 describes a method for producing a riveted joint in a fiber composite component. A first component, containing a fiber composite material, is positioned in an overlap joint with a second component. A common through-hole is created in at least the first component by laser beam drilling. A rivet is inserted into the through-hole. The rivet is fastened to both the first and the second component.

[0004] Furthermore, a blind rivet is known from EP 0 894 986 B1.

[0005] From DE 41 14377 A1 a hand device for setting a self-drilling blind rivet fastener is known, comprising a drive device and a housing that can be coupled to it.

[0006] WO 2015107350 A1 discloses a method for inserting a rivet into a workpiece. Upon contact with the workpiece, the rivet is rotated about its longitudinal axis relative to the workpiece. The speed of this rotation, or the speed of movement along the longitudinal axis of the rivet, is changed at least once before the rivet is fully driven into the workpiece.

[0007] DE 10 2017 114 560 A1 discloses a rivet with a substantially cylindrical or conical shank and a head which has a coating of thermoplastic material on the surface of the head facing the shank, and the remaining surface of the rivet is substantially free of a coating of thermoplastic material.

[0008] DE 10 2021 121 084 A1 describes a joining tool unit comprising a hold-down device, a linearly movable tool, and a counter-element, wherein the hold-down device and the counter-element are positioned opposite each other. The hold-down device has a light guide system that directs a light beam onto the joining point of the workpiece. The light guide system is arranged on the hold-down device such that the light beam shines onto the joining point exclusively at an angle greater than 0° to an axis of movement of the linearly movable tool.

[0009] From DE 11 2007 001 331 B4, a method for joining elements is known, which includes improving the formability of at least one section of at least one of the elements using a laser. The elements are joined using a self-piercing rivet, wherein the laser beam generating device is arranged at a distance from the elements to be joined.

[0010] The invention is based on the objective of providing an improved arrangement and a method for joining components compared to the prior art.

[0011] The problem is solved according to the invention by an arrangement for joining components with the features of claim 1 and a method for joining components with the features of claim 6.

[0012] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0013] An arrangement for joining components using at least one joining element comprises a joining device. The joining device includes an actuator-driven joining tool designed to drive the joining element into the components to be joined at a joint point, i.e., in particular into a component material of the components to be joined. Furthermore, the joining device includes a laser or plasma heating device designed to heat the joint point before driving in the joining element.

[0014] In a method according to the invention for joining components using this arrangement, the joining point is heated by means of the laser beam heating device or plasma beam heating device and then the joining element is driven into the components to be joined at the joining point by means of the joining tool, i.e. in particular into the heated component material of the components to be joined.

[0015] The solution according to the invention enables, in particular, the automated joining of components.

[0016] By driving in the joining element, it is not necessary to first make a hole in the components, then to painstakingly position them exactly on top of each other so that the holes in the components overlap, and then to insert the joining element into the holes.

[0017] By heating the joining point and thus the component material according to the invention, the component material becomes more ductile and therefore more formable. This significantly facilitates the subsequent insertion of the joining element. For example, it also makes it possible to join components made of higher-strength, in particular high-strength or ultra-high-strength, materials in the described manner. For example, components made of ultra-high-strength steel and / or components made of brittle die-cast aluminum can be joined in the described manner. With brittle die-cast aluminum, there would be a risk of chipping on the component if the joining element were driven into the cold material. Here, too, heating has a positive influence on the forming properties, so that this risk is avoided or at least significantly reduced.

[0018] The solution according to the invention thus enables, in particular, the joining of components made of materials that, due to physical limitations of the equipment and the joining element used, cannot be joined by driving the joining element in when cold, i.e., especially at room temperature. This would always require, prior to joining, the creation of a hole for the joining element in the respective component, the precise positioning of the holes in the components relative to each other, and the insertion of the joining element into the holes. However, this is particularly complex and costly in vehicle manufacturing.

[0019] The solution according to the invention avoids this problem, making it particularly suitable for the one-sided joining of components in vehicle body construction, especially for joining dissimilar materials, for example, a steel component and an aluminum component. This is also referred to as hybrid construction.

[0020] The solution according to the invention enables the joining of components made of higher-strength materials, thus unlocking new lightweight construction potential. In particular, the solution avoids the need for modifications, alterations, and redesigns of components that previously could not be joined from one side and therefore had to be modified to allow for other joining methods. Such modifications, alterations, and redesigns of components are detrimental with regard to lightweight construction requirements and thus to vehicle weight, as well as being detrimental to cost-effectiveness. The increase in achievable lightweight construction made possible by the solution according to the invention enables a reduction in weight and thus a reduction in the vehicle's energy consumption.

[0021] The solution according to the invention makes it possible in particular to - the one-sided joining of the components, - joining into solid material, i.e., driving in the joining element and thus avoiding the need to pre-drill a hole for the joining element, - exclusively linear movements during joining, thus avoiding superimposed rotational movements, as would occur, for example, with screwing, and therefore a reduction in complexity in plant engineering, - advantageously, the components to be joined are pulled towards each other to avoid gaps between the components, in particular by using a blind rivet as a joining element as described below, - the joining of high-strength or ultra-high-strength steels of, for example, greater than 600 MPa, as well as - the joining of brittle castings, which, for example, have a bending angle of less than 60°, i.e., in particular the joining of brittle aluminum die-casting alloys.

[0022] Furthermore, the solution according to the invention does not require a noise-absorbing booth, which is necessary for some joining processes known from the prior art. This improves cost-effectiveness, as such a noise-absorbing booth is associated with high costs and also reduces the flexibility in designing a production hall in vehicle manufacturing.

[0023] The solution according to the invention enables an expansion of the process range, since components can now also be joined on one side in the described manner, where this was previously not possible or only possible with considerably greater effort.

[0024] As already mentioned, the at least one joining element is designed as a blind rivet, with the mandrel head of the blind rivet being pointed. That is, the end of the mandrel that penetrates the components first during driving is pointed. This facilitates penetration into the components and thus the driving in of the blind rivet, as less force is required. Furthermore, this ensures directional stability during driving. Additionally, this reduces component deformation, particularly in conjunction with prior heating of the joining area.

[0025] The joining tool is then specifically designed as an actuator-driven blind rivet gun or has such an actuator-driven blind rivet gun.

[0026] The method specifically provides that the blind rivet is driven into the components to be joined at the joining point, serving as the joining element. The pointed rivet mandrel is driven through the components from the front to the back of the joining point, and the blind rivet is driven in until the rivet head, also referred to as the rivet head, rests against the front of the joining point. Subsequently, a portion of the rivet shank, also referred to as the rivet sleeve, protruding from the back of the joining point is deformed by pulling the mandrel with the blind rivet gun. The mandrel is pulled with the blind rivet gun until a section of the mandrel gripped by the gun breaks off at a predetermined breaking point formed in the mandrel.

[0027] The laser beam heating device is arranged laterally next to the joining tool and / or laterally next to a guide for the joining tool. The arrangement, in particular the joining device and / or the laser beam heating device, includes at least one deflecting mirror for deflecting a laser beam from the laser beam heating device towards the joining point. The laser beam heating device includes, in particular, a laser source and a fiber optic cable for guiding the laser beam from the laser source to the deflecting mirror or at least in the direction of the deflecting mirror.

[0028] The laser beam heating device is arranged such that a beam direction of the laser beam up to the deflecting mirror runs, at least substantially, parallel to a joining movement path of the joining tool or, at least substantially, perpendicular to the joining movement path of the joining tool.

[0029] The deflecting mirror is, for example, fixedly arranged outside the joining path of the joining tool and aligned such that the laser beam can be deflected towards the joining point. This applies in particular to the embodiment in which the laser beam heating device is arranged such that the direction of the laser beam up to the deflecting mirror runs, at least substantially, parallel to the joining path of the joining tool. In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror is thus advantageously stationary and always in the same location on the joining device. It is therefore, in particular, fixedly and immovably installed on the joining device.

[0030] In this embodiment, the laser beam is guided laterally around a joining axis that defines the joining path, and thus laterally around the joining path. It is deflected, in particular obliquely, towards the joining point by means of the deflecting mirror. In this embodiment, the joining device, especially the guide for the joining tool, is, for example, somewhat wider than in a conventional blind riveting device, since the laser beam heating device and the deflecting mirror are arranged laterally on it.

[0031] Alternatively, the deflecting mirror is, for example, pivotably arranged such that it can be pivoted into the joining path of the joining tool to deflect the laser beam towards the joining point and can be pivoted out of the joining path of the joining tool. The deflecting mirror is, for example, pivotably arranged on a side wall of the guide for the joining tool and can be pivoted out of the joining path of the joining tool into a receiving recess in the side wall. This applies in particular to the embodiment in which the laser beam heating device is arranged such that the beam direction of the laser beam up to the deflecting mirror is, at least substantially, perpendicular to the joining path of the joining tool. In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror is thus movable and, in particular by pivoting, its position can be changed. This makes it possible to direct the laser beam into the joining axis, i.e., towards the joining point, by means of the deflecting mirror.to redirect it into the joining motion path of the joining tool, so that it can strike the joining point perpendicularly.

[0032] In this embodiment, the joining device, in particular the guide for the joining tool, does not need to be wider than a conventional blind riveting device, since the laser beam heating device can, for example, be arranged separately from it, and its laser beam can be directed perpendicularly onto the joining device, in particular onto the guide for the joining tool, and thus onto the joining path. By pivoting the deflecting mirror from the receiving recess in the side wall into a deflection position, in particular into the guide for the joining tool, the laser beam is then deflected towards the joining point. Due to the pivotable deflecting mirror, the construction of this embodiment is somewhat more complex than in the embodiment described above with a fixed deflecting mirror.

[0033] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

[0034] This shows: Fig. 1. Schematic longitudinal section view of an embodiment of an arrangement for joining components, Fig. 2 schematically a sectional view according to the section plane II-II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 schematically a longitudinal section view of another embodiment of the arrangement for joining components, Fig. 4 schematically a sectional view according to the section plane IV-IV in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 schematically an embodiment of a joining element designed as a blind rivet, and Fig. 6 schematically shows another embodiment of the joining element designed as a blind rivet.

[0035] Corresponding parts are marked with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0036] The Fig. 1 and Fig. Figures 2, 3, and 4 show, in a highly simplified and exemplary manner, two embodiments of an arrangement 1 for joining components B1 and B2 by means of at least one joining element 2. The figures shown are... Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 the respective embodiment in longitudinal section and the Fig. 2 and Fig. Figure 4 shows the respective embodiment in cross-section at section plane II-II and IV-IV, respectively. Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows two joining elements 2 designed as blind rivets as examples. The respective joining element 2, or at least one of them, and / or the components B1 and B2 can also be components of the arrangement 1. For example, the first component B1 is made of steel and the second component B2 is made of aluminum, or vice versa. Other materials and / or material combinations are also possible.

[0037] The arrangement 1 comprises a joining device 3 with an actuator-driven joining tool 4, which is designed to drive the joining element 2 into the components B1, B2 to be joined at a joint point, i.e., in particular into a component material of the components B1, B2 to be joined. Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiments, the joining device 3 comprises a laser beam heating device 5, or in other embodiments, a plasma beam heating device. The respective heating device is designed to heat the joint point before the joining element 2 is driven in.

[0038] In a method for joining components B1, B2 using this arrangement 1, the joining point is heated by means of the laser beam heating device 5 or in other embodiments by means of the plasma beam heating device and subsequently the joining element 2 is driven into the components B1, B2 to be joined at the joining point by means of the joining tool 4, i.e. in particular into the heated component material of the components B1, B2 to be joined.

[0039] The described solution enables, in particular, the automated joining of components B1 and B2.

[0040] By driving in the joining element 2, it is not necessary to first make a hole in the components B1, B2, then to position them precisely on top of each other in a time-consuming process so that the holes in the components B1, B2 overlap, and then to insert the joining element 2 into the holes.

[0041] Heating the joining point, and thus the component material, makes the component material more ductile and therefore more malleable. This significantly facilitates the subsequent insertion of the joining element 2. The described solution thus enables, in particular, the joining of components B1 and B2 made of materials that, due to physical limitations of the equipment and the joining element 2 used, cannot be joined by driving the joining element 2 into the cold state, i.e., especially at room temperature. This would otherwise always require drilling a hole for the joining element 2 into the respective component B1 or B2, precisely positioning the holes in components B1 and B2 on top of each other, and inserting the joining element 2 into the holes. However, this is too complex and costly, especially in vehicle manufacturing.

[0042] The described solution avoids this problem, making it particularly suitable for the one-sided joining of components B1 and B2 in vehicle body construction, especially for joining dissimilar materials. This is also known as hybrid construction. The described solution enables the joining of components B1 and B2 made of higher-strength materials, thus unlocking new lightweight construction potential.

[0043] As already mentioned, the joining element 2 in the embodiments described here is designed as a blind rivet, wherein a rivet mandrel head 6 of a rivet mandrel 7 of the blind rivet is pointed, as shown in the Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows that the end of the rivet mandrel 7 which penetrates components B1 and B2 first during driving is designed as a point. This facilitates penetration into components B1 and B2 and thus the driving in of the blind rivet 2, as less force is required. Furthermore, this ensures directional stability during driving. Additionally, this reduces deformation of components B1 and B2, particularly in conjunction with prior heating of the joining area.

[0044] The joining tool 4 is thus designed as an actuator-driven blind rivet gun in the embodiments described here, or has such an actuator-driven blind rivet gun. In the Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 3 shows the joining tool 4 in a highly simplified schematic representation as a joining element holder and / or punch, enabling the driving of the joining element 2. For the blind rivet pliers function (not shown), the joining tool 4 additionally has means for gripping a section of the rivet mandrel 7 facing away from the mandrel head 6, in order to pull it relative to a rivet shank 8 after the blind rivet has been driven in. To enable a particularly secure grip and slip-resistant pulling of the rivet mandrel 7, the rivet mandrel 7 can have a knurling 9 in this section, as shown in the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown. Furthermore, this makes it possible, for example, to pull components B1 and B2 back into their original position / shape if deformation occurs as a result of driving in the joining element 2.

[0045] The method thus provides in particular that the blind rivet, as the joining element 2, is driven into the components B1, B2 to be joined at the joining point by means of the joining tool 4, wherein the pointed rivet mandrel head 6 is driven through the components B1, B2 to be joined from a front side facing the joining tool 4 to a rear side of the joining point facing away from the joining tool 4, and the blind rivet is driven in to such an extent that a setting head 10 of the blind rivet, also referred to as a rivet head, rests against the front side of the joining point and subsequently a protruding area of ​​the rivet shank 8 of the blind rivet, also referred to as a rivet sleeve, is deformed by pulling the rivet mandrel 7 with the blind rivet pliers. The rivet mandrel 7 is pulled using the blind rivet pliers, in particular until the section of the rivet mandrel 7 gripped by the blind rivet pliers breaks off at a predetermined breaking point 11 formed in the rivet mandrel 7.As mentioned above, the joining tool 4 in the embodiments described here is designed as a blind rivet gun or has such a blind rivet gun.

[0046] The embodiment of the joining element 2 designed as a blind rivet according to Fig. Figure 5 shows, by way of example, two weakened wall regions 17 of the rivet shank 8. In the illustrated example, one of the weakened wall regions 17 is formed at an end of the rivet shank 8 facing the rivet mandrel head 6, and the other weakened wall region 17 is formed slightly above it and spaced apart. These weakened wall regions 17, for example, facilitate the deformation of the rivet shank 8 during the extraction of the rivet mandrel 7 and / or achieve targeted deformation in a predetermined area of ​​the rivet shank 8. In other embodiments, one or more such weakened wall regions 17 can be formed in the lower and / or upper area and / or over the entire area of ​​the rivet shank 8, with the weakening of the wall of the rivet shank 8 being formed on the outside and / or inside.

[0047] Alternatively, it can be provided, for example, that the rivet 8 does not have a weakened wall area 17, as in the embodiment according to Fig. 6.

[0048] In an embodiment not shown here, the rivet shank 8 can have rivet shank knurling on the outside of its wall.

[0049] The laser beam heating device 5 is arranged, in particular, laterally next to the joining tool 4 and / or laterally next to a guide 12 for the joining tool 4, also referred to as a nozzle. In the illustrated embodiments, the arrangement 1, in particular the joining device 3 and / or the laser beam heating device 5, has a deflecting mirror 13 for deflecting a laser beam LS of the laser beam heating device 5 towards the joining point. The laser beam heating device 5 has, in particular, a laser source (not shown in the figures) and a fiber optic cable (also not shown in the figures) for guiding the laser beam LS from the laser source to the deflecting mirror 13 or at least in the direction of the deflecting mirror 13. An arrow P indicates the direction of the laser beam LS. Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 3 schematically indicates the direction from which the laser beam LS comes from the laser source.

[0050] In the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The laser beam heating device 5 is arranged such that one direction of the laser beam LS runs parallel to a joining movement path of the joining tool 4 up to the deflecting mirror 13. In the embodiment according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 the laser beam heating device 5 is arranged such that the beam direction of the laser beam LS up to the deflecting mirror 13 is perpendicular to the joining movement path of the joining tool 4.

[0051] In the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The deflecting mirror 13 is fixedly arranged outside the joining movement path of the joining tool 4 and aligned such that the laser beam LS can be deflected towards the joining point, as shown in Fig. Figure 1 shows the following embodiment. In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror 13 is thus stationary and always positioned at the same location on the joining device 3. It is therefore fixed and immovably installed on the joining device 3. In this embodiment, the laser beam LS is guided laterally around a joining axis that defines the joining movement path, and thus laterally around the joining movement path. It is deflected obliquely towards the joining point by means of the deflecting mirror 13. To enable this, in the illustrated example, a channel 14 for the laser beam LS is formed laterally on the outside of the guide 12 for the joining tool 4. The deflecting mirror 13 is arranged in a bottom region of this channel 14. The guide 12 has an entry aperture 15 for the laser beam LS in this bottom region of the channel 14.

[0052] In this embodiment, the joining device 3, in particular the guide 12 for the joining tool 4, is, for example, somewhat wider than in a conventional blind riveting device, particularly due to the channel 14 arranged laterally on it, since the laser beam heating device 5 and the deflecting mirror 13 are arranged laterally on the guide 12 for the joining tool 4.

[0053] In the embodiment according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. In section 4, the deflecting mirror 13 is arranged so that it can be pivoted into the joining path of the joining tool 4 to deflect the laser beam LS towards the joining point and can be pivoted out of the joining path of the joining tool 4. Fig. 3 The deflecting mirror 13 is pivoted into the joining movement path of the joining tool 4. In Fig. 4 The deflecting mirror 13 is swung out of the joining movement path of the joining tool 4, so that the joining movement path is free for driving in the joining element 2 by means of the joining tool 4.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror 13 is pivotably arranged about a pivot axis SA on a side wall of the guide 12 for the joining tool 4 and can be pivoted out of the joining path of the joining tool 4 into a receiving recess 16 in the side wall and from there back into the joining path of the joining tool 4, as schematically illustrated by a pivot arrow SP. In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror 13 is thus movable and, in particular by pivoting, its position can be changed. This makes it possible to deflect the laser beam LS into the joining axis, i.e., into the joining path of the joining tool 4, by means of the deflecting mirror 13, so that it can strike the joining point perpendicularly, as shown in the figure. Fig. 3 shown.

[0055] In this embodiment, the joining device 3, in particular the guide 12 for the joining tool 4, does not need to be wider than a conventional blind riveting device, since the laser beam heating device 5 can, for example, be arranged separately from it, and its laser beam LS can be directed perpendicularly onto the joining device 3, in particular onto the guide 12 for the joining tool 4, and thus onto the joining path. In the illustrated example, the guide 12 for the joining tool 4 has the entry aperture 15 for the laser beam LS in its side wall at the level of the deflecting mirror 13. By pivoting the deflecting mirror 13 from the receiving recess 16 in the side wall into the guide 12 for the joining tool 4 into a deflection position, the laser beam LS is then deflected in the direction of the joining point. Due to the pivotable deflecting mirror 13, the construction of this embodiment is somewhat more complex than that described above and in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment with fixed deflecting mirror 13.

Claims

[1] Arrangement (1) for joining components (B1, B2) by means of at least one joining element (2), characterized by a joining device (3) comprising: - an actuator-driven joining tool (4) which is designed to drive the joining element (2) into the components (B1, B2) to be joined at a joining point, and - a laser beam heating device (5) or Plasma beam heating device which is designed to heat the joint before driving in the joining element (2) so that the component material becomes more ductile and formable, wherein the laser beam heating device (5) is arranged laterally next to the joining tool (4) and / or laterally next to a guide (12) for the joining tool (4), wherein at least one deflection mirror (13) is provided for deflecting a laser beam (LS) of the laser beam heating device (5) in the direction of the joining point, and wherein the laser beam heating device (5) is arranged such that a beam direction of the laser beam (LS) up to the deflection mirror (13) runs, at least substantially, parallel to a joining movement path of the joining tool (4), or perpendicular to the joining movement path of the joining tool (4). characterized by , that which is pivotably arranged such that it can be pivoted into the joining movement path of the joining tool (4) in order to deflect the laser beam (LS) in the direction of the joining point and can be pivoted out of the joining movement path of the joining tool (4). [2] Arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the at least one joining element (2) is a blind rivet, wherein a rivet mandrel head (6) of a rivet mandrel (7) of the blind rivet is pointed. [3] Arrangement (1) according to claim 2, characterized by that the joining tool (4) is designed as an actuator-driven blind riveting pliers or has an actuator-driven blind riveting pliers. [4] Arrangement (1) according to claim 3, characterized by that the deflecting mirror (13) is pivotally arranged on a side wall of the guide (12) for the joining tool (4) and can be pivoted out of the joining movement path of the joining tool (4) into a receiving recess (16) in the side wall. [5] Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the laser beam heating device (5) has a laser source and a fiber cable for guiding the laser beam (LS) from the laser source to the deflection mirror (13) or at least in the direction of the deflection mirror (13). [6] Method for joining components (B1, B2) by means of an arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the joining point is heated by means of the laser beam heating device (5) or plasma beam heating device and then the joining element (2) is driven into the components (B1, B2) to be joined at the joining point by means of the joining tool (4). [7] Method according to claim 6, characterized by that as a joining element (2) the blind rivet is driven into the components to be joined (B1, B2) at the joint, wherein the pointed rivet mandrel head (6) is driven through the components to be joined (B1, B2) from a front side to a back side of the joint and the blind rivet is driven in until a setting head (10) of the blind rivet rests on the front side of the joint and then a region of a rivet shank (8) of the blind rivet projecting at the back side of the joint is deformed by pulling the rivet mandrel (7) using the blind rivet pliers.

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