Textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and components

Abstract

Textile fabric for stabilising buildings and building components, characterised in that it is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece, with two-layer areas with two fabric layers, wherein the two-layer areas form chambers (4) between the two fabric layers, wherein the chambers are surrounded by boundaries (6) which are formed by fabric changes (7), wherein the two-layer regions, in addition to the boundaries (6) present as a net-like grid structure, are suitable and used to absorb static and dynamic forces in the fabric plane.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and building components.

[0002] A number of documents are known from the prior art which deal with the strengthening of walls to prevent damage which may occur under exceptional loads, such as during an earthquake.

[0003] For example, European patent EP 2 742 196 B1 describes a method for reinforcing a building component, comprising the step of bonding a textile to the surface of the building component using an adhesive. The patent proposes lattice-like textile structures, so-called textile-reinforced building elements, as reinforcement material. These are applied to the surface of building components using an adhesive to reinforce them.

[0004] DE 10 2008 026 615 A1 teaches hybrid textile reinforcement structures for masonry, textile-reinforced building elements or reinforcement layers for building elements made of mineral-bonded building materials, in particular concrete, in which lattice-like textile structures made of concrete-compatible high-performance fibers are used as reinforcement material.

[0005] However, in the field of earthquake protection and building insulation, especially when combining the two disciplines, no satisfactory textile fabric is known to date.

[0006] For example, a common woven, single-layer, coarse-mesh mesh has its maximum tensile strength bidirectionally in the warp and / or weft direction, meaning the optimal tensile angle is 90°. Multidirectional tensile stress, e.g., due to tectonic shaking, is not fully absorbed by the surface. Covering with insulating or concrete mass is poor with low thread density. Mesh must be secured at its bonding points to prevent slippage. Attaching a textile mesh to a wall is difficult during installation. Common meshes have a low surface volume due to their low thread density, single-layer construction, and thick yarn bodies. The adhesion of reinforcement and insulating masses is poor.

[0007] Further state of the art is represented by GB 2 342 930 A and DE 10 2013 009 764 A1.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of proposing a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings, with which the disadvantages known from the prior art are avoided or at least greatly reduced.

[0009] The problem is initially solved with a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings according to claim 1, namely a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and components, which is characterized by it is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece, with two-layer areas with two fabric layers, the two-layer areas forming chambers between the two fabric layers, the chambers being surrounded by boundaries formed by fabric changes.

[0010] The object is alternatively achieved with a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings according to claim 2, namely a textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and components, which is characterized by it is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece, with two-layer regions with two fabric layers, the two-layer regions forming chambers between the two fabric layers, the chambers being surrounded by boundaries formed as a single-layer woven seam.

[0011] A feature of both of these solutions is that the textile fabric according to the invention can be used as a reinforcing fabric and can absorb multidirectional static loads in the textile fabric. By increasing the textile surface volume, a primer for concrete or insulating compound is created. The coverage with concrete or insulating compound can be improved by the two layers. This also allows material to be saved. In addition, the chambers arranged between the two fabric layers advantageously provide an insulating effect. This is particularly important because the textile fabric according to the invention can be used not only as a reinforcing fabric but also as an insulating, thermal, and noise-proofing material.

[0012] Particularly in the context of the urgent need for renovation measures on several million buildings in the EU alone, the textile fabric according to the invention can be used as a combined thermal insulation and reinforcement fabric. The economic success that can be achieved through this alone is enormous. Due to its technical advantages, the textile fabric according to the invention is of particular technical and economic importance, particularly for the reconstruction measures currently required in Turkey as a result of earthquake damage. At the same time, it makes a contribution to affordable climate protection. The textile fabric according to the invention is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece in a single operation and, as such, is immediately usable and installable. This advantage arises, among other things, fromdue to the OPW technology used here, which is known from the production of airbags for passenger restraint systems in vehicles and enables very cost-effective production, combined with chambers surrounded by universally arrangeable boundaries. This allows multidirectional loads to be absorbed in the textile surface. The textile surface structure according to the invention can be attached to building components in the desired position using known adhesives without special preparation. Assembly aids for mechanical fastenings are not required. The textile surface structure according to the invention can be used in the following ways, for example: Renovation of facades on existing buildings with the aim of bundling earthquake safety, energy efficiency through insulation, and noise and fire protection by eliminating the need for combustible insulation materials in a single concept.

[0013] In concrete construction, the corrosion-resistant textile fabric according to the invention leads to savings in material and weight due to the potential for reduced wall thickness. Furthermore, the highly statically resilient fabric construction is advantageous in lightweight textile construction, such as in tents or in camping and leisure facilities. A coating of the textile fabric according to the invention is particularly advantageous for these applications. The previously common stitched seams used in the manufacture of fabric panels can be replaced by single-layer woven seams without any special processing steps.

[0014] Another area of ​​application is in highly statically stressed components for the automotive and aircraft industries. These can be manufactured in the form of composite materials with the textile fabric according to the invention. The manufacturing process is known from the production of so-called "OPW airbags" using jacquard technology in conjunction with double-weave technology. The potential for use as a highly stressed textile component still exists. The use of suitable materials and the specification of static properties for the overall surface vary.The textile fabric according to the invention is characterized by multiaxial (instead of the previously only biaxial) load-bearing capacity under tension and compression, woven reinforcements in the form of compacted, single-layer areas such as woven seams, and the connection of both fabric layers (top and bottom fabric) in the form of a coherent mesh, which is formed by the single-layer boundaries formed as woven seams. The mesh forms a type of force polygon, which dissipates the effect of forces into the surroundings of the textile surface. The desired required static deformability is achieved through the force-elongation behavior (modulus) of the optionally used yarn, the design of the mesh structure for force dissipation, and the ratio of double- to single-layer fabric area.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 2, the textile fabric is characterized by having single-layer reinforcement panels, which are also surrounded by boundaries formed as a single-layer woven seam. The arrangement of additional single-layer so-called reinforcement panels advantageously serves to strengthen the textile in desired areas, on the one hand to increase the ability to absorb tensile forces and, on the other hand, to reinforce the fabric in the area of ​​the reinforcement panels in such a way that, for example, penetrations by mechanical fastening materials such as dowels or other components can be overcome.

[0016] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized in that it is woven in the single-layer areas in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100%, and in the two fabric layers in the two-layer areas in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 50% per fabric layer. Due to its density and double layer structure, the textile fabric according to the invention advantageously also has an insulating effect (e.g., against heat, sound, and body vibration). The maximum static function of the textile fabric according to the invention is achieved by a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% in the single-layer areas of the mesh structure, assembly fields, and boundaries. At the same time, this means that in the two-layer area, the fabric density (DG) per layer is halved. The double weave has the same thread density per cm in warp and weft throughout.In addition to the material-specific properties of the yarn used, the invention allows structural control of statics, insulation, and damping through weave and thread density. The fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz is familiar to those skilled in the art and is described, for example, in the prior art publication EP 0 616 061 B1, with reference to the textbook by Stefan Kleinheins, "Textile Prüfungen" (Textile Tests), Obernburg, 1973 (see page 5, lines 47-54 and page 6, lines 1-5 of EP 0 616 061 B1).

[0017] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized in that it is woven in the single-layer areas in Panama weave P2 / 2 or twill weave K2 / 2 or K3 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% and in the two fabric layers in the two-layer areas in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of approximately 89% per fabric layer.

[0018] In yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized in that in the single-layer regions, the weaves P2 / 2, K2 / 2, or K3 / 1 are woven with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100%, and in the two-layer regions, the plain weave L1 / 1 is woven asymmetrically, specifically in one fabric layer with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% at the expense of the other fabric layer with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of approximately 78% per fabric layer. This advantageously results in numerous different fabric structures, thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the invention to individual needs.

[0019] In yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized by having hexagonal, in particular honeycomb-shaped, triangular, or round, in particular bull's-eye window-shaped, boundaries. The resulting individual reinforcement fields can be arranged flush with each other, thus forming a network for distributing static, multidirectional tensile stress across the entire surface. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0020] In yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized in that it is woven to a predetermined surface area and is bordered by an additional single-layer woven seam.

[0021] By utilizing the jacquard technology typical of OPW technology, it is advantageously possible to produce customized parts according to individual designs. Customized reinforcement textiles are also possible for the production of lightweight components.

[0022] Finally, in yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric is characterized in that it is woven multiple times in a web on the weaving machine, spaced apart in a predetermined pattern. This arrangement allows for material-saving "nesting" while simultaneously increasing the production speed during weaving.

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the invention, it will now be briefly described using exemplary embodiments with the aid of a drawing. Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic section of an embodiment of a textile fabric according to the invention with a possible design of the honeycomb-shaped arrangement of chambers and boundaries in plan view (only one fabric layer visible). Fig. 2 shows a highly schematic section of a further embodiment of a textile fabric according to the invention with a possible design of the arrangement of chambers and boundaries in the form of equilateral triangles in plan view (only one fabric layer visible). Fig. 3 shows a highly schematic, reduced representation of the embodiment according to. Fig. 1, but with selectively arranged so-called reinforcement or assembly fields in the top view. Fig. 4 shows a highly schematic view of a section of an embodiment of a textile fabric with a woven reinforcement grid tailored to the shape. Fig. Figure 5 shows a highly schematic representation along the line V - V of Fig. 1 on average. Fig. Figure 5a shows a highly schematic alternative embodiment of a textile fabric along the line V - V of Fig. 1, but here with a woven seam in Panama weave P2 / 2 in the cut. Fig. Figure 6 shows a highly schematic representation along the line VI - VI of Fig. 1 on average.

[0024] Fig. Figure 1 shows an arbitrary section of an embodiment of a textile fabric 2 with, for example, honeycomb-shaped adjacent chambers 4, which are surrounded by boundaries 6. Imagine this section from a web of an OPW fabric 8 delivered by a weaving machine after completion of the weaving process. The OPW fabric 8, shown here in plan view, which is why one here in Fig. 1 shows only one, namely the upper fabric layer 10 of the two-layer OPW fabric 8 according to the invention, reveals honeycomb-shaped boundaries 6, which are formed by fabric changes 7 or by a woven seam 12. Further details are given below in connection with the description of the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. The boundaries 6, shown here only by thin lines, represent single-layer areas in which the upper fabric layer visible here is connected to the lower fabric layer lying behind it in the direction of the drawing plane in the form of a single-layer connection of the fabric layers and thus enclose chambers 4. The textile sheet structure 2 shown here in section can be used as intended, for example, to attach to walls or building parts (not shown). In this application, the boundaries 6 serve to absorb the tensile stress and distribute it over the surface. In the two two-layer reinforcement fields 16 shown here as examples, the textile sheet structure 2 can be additionally attached to the said walls or building parts using other mechanical devices, for example using dowels and the like. The woven construction shown here is suitable for homogeneous force distribution over the surface.

[0025] Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows a dashed line V - V, which marks a section through a chamber 41 and represents the arrangement of a woven seam 12. See also Fig. 5. Likewise, a dashed line VI -VI can be seen, which marks a section through a chamber 42 and represents the arrangement of a goods exchange 7. See also Fig. 6.

[0026] The grid construction according to Fig. 2, for example, divides the honeycomb 20 into six isosceles triangles 21, each of which has the arrangement of boundaries 6. The path of force distribution is guided via the boundaries 6 shown here via static nodes 18.

[0027] In the representation according to Fig. 3, according to the invention, single-layer reinforcement or assembly fields 15 are arranged as needed between double-layer chambers 4. This is intended to demonstrate, by way of example, the variability with which assembly aids can be realized based on the present invention. The new possibilities this opens up in the production of fiber composite components are countless. In the area of ​​the single-layer reinforcement fields 15, the two layers of the textile fabric 2 are woven together to form a single layer. The single-layer reinforcement fields 15 are located adjacent to double-layer chambers 4, as shown.

[0028] Fig. Figure 4 shows a section of a web of fabric 22 supplied by a weaving machine with fitted woven reinforcement grids 26 arranged therein. Such reinforcement grids 26, here exemplary rectangular in design and formed with several honeycomb-shaped chambers 4 arranged therein, are enclosed by so-called single-layer circumferential woven seams 28. They are cut out of the web of fabric 22 along the cutting lines 24 for use. One speaks of "fitted woven" reinforcement grids 26 when the shape of the reinforcement grids 26, chosen here, for example, rectangular, is already manufactured in the web of fabric 22 to fit the respective desired application, in contrast to "sold by the meter". In Fig. 4 of the fitted woven reinforcement grid 26 arranged at the top right shows only a single honeycomb, which is intended to represent a (double-layered) chamber 44 in the shape of an equilateral hexagon. Of course, all conceivable configurations of mesh structures with corresponding peripheral boundaries 6 selected by the designer can be selected here.

[0029] In Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the section line VV in Fig. 1 is schematically implemented by the textile fabric 2 shown there. One can see an upper fabric layer 30 which is woven from dot-shaped weft threads 34 and linear warp threads 36, as well as a lower fabric layer 32 which is woven from dot-shaped weft threads 38 and linear warp threads 40. According to the OPW technique, the warp threads 36 run in such a way that in the area of ​​the woven seams 12 they wrap around the weft threads 34 in the same way as the warp threads 40 of the lower fabric layer 32. In the adjoining chamber area 45, the respective warp threads run again as a result of controlled shed changes in such a way that they produce a double-layered fabric forming a chamber 41. If one reads the illustration according to Fig. 5 from right to left, then it can be seen that following the chamber 41, another single-layer area, namely another woven seam 12, is created, in which the warp threads of the two fabric layers of the chamber 41 converge again to subsequently form another chamber 4 (in Fig. 5 on the left). Terms such as "warp thread," "weft thread," "woven seam," "shed," etc., are familiar to the expert, particularly those familiar with OPW technology.

[0030] In Fig. 5a is an alternative embodiment of a textile fabric along the line V - V of Fig. 1, but shown here with a woven seam 212 in Panama weave P2 / 2 (short P2 / 2). Analogous to the illustration in Fig. 5 we have here in Fig. 5a shows an upper fabric layer 230 and a lower fabric layer 232 formed from weft threads 234 and 238, as well as warp threads 236 and 240. On the right side, a partially cut chamber 4 is shown, as well as a woven seam 212 adjoining it on the left, in which parallel weft threads 234 and 238 can be seen. The woven seam 212 is executed in a Panama weave P2 / 2.

[0031] As a result, the thread density per cm is increased by approximately 78.5% compared to the plain weave L1 / 1, and thus also the static strength of the reinforcement grid of the textile fabric according to the invention. Since the thread density per cm in the warp and weft directions is the same across the entire fabric area, the fabric density in L1 / 1 per layer is increased from 50% to approximately 89.25% in chamber region 245. A further alternative fabric construction according to the invention results in a fabric density of 100% throughout one fabric layer with alternating weaves L1 / 1 and P2 / 2. For this purpose, in chamber region 245, 12% of the warp and weft threads from one fabric layer are bound in L1 / 1 of the second fabric layer. The chamber region 245 (in L1 / 1) then consists of a first fabric layer with a fabric density of 100% and a second, more open fabric layer with a fabric density of approximately 78.5%.

[0032] The weave variants listed in the fabric construction definition are plain weave L1 / 1 and Panama P2 / 2. The Panama P2 / 2 weave can also be replaced by twill 2 / 2 or twill 3 / 1, since these weaves, due to the parallel weave of the threads, have the same relationship for calculating the fabric density as P2 / 2.

[0033] Finally, in Fig. 6 one - according to the illustration Fig. 5 similar - sectional view along the section line VI - VI of Fig. 1. Again, an upper fabric layer, here 130, and a lower fabric layer, here 132, are shown. The warp threads 136 of the Fig. 6 on the right side, weft threads 134 loop around the first chamber 4 until they leave the upper fabric layer 130 at the point marked with the reference number 7 by a change of fabric and dip into the lower fabric layer 132 and loop around the weft threads 138 there - in Fig. 6 mentally moving to the left - until they leave the lower fabric layer 132 again at the point marked with the further reference number 7 due to a fabric change and return to the upper fabric layer 130 and there loop around weft threads 134. Analogously, warp threads 140 (in Fig. 6 (going from right to left) from the lower fabric layer 132 at the point marked with the reference number 7 by a change of fabric into the upper fabric layer and run at the point marked with the further reference number 7 by a change of fabric back into the lower fabric layer 130. The points or areas marked with the reference number 7 are identical to the above-mentioned boundaries 6.

[0034] It is assumed that all warp threads (which represent the "fabric") leave their fabric layer at the points marked with reference numeral 7 and change into the respective other fabric layer. Hence the term "fabric change." According to the invention, the formation of the aforementioned boundaries 6 can be achieved either by forming woven seams or during the fabric change just described, with the boundaries 6 functioning as boundaries of reinforcement fields or chambers.

[0035] When using the goods exchange technique (e.g. Fig. 6) If a L1 / 1 or P2 / 2 weave is used throughout, a single-layer area in the form of a woven seam or reinforcement field is not possible here. The mesh structure created by the change in fabric can be customized. It is less statically resilient.

[0036] According to the invention, the material used is high-strength yarns with the thinnest possible yarn bodies, with the aim of creating a large inner surface area in the textile fabric and fulfilling the functions described in the invention. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, aramid, and carbon fiber have proven to be suitable materials. Reference symbol 2 textile fabrics 4 chamber 41 Chamber 42 Chamber 44 Chamber 45 Chamber area 6 Limitation 7 Exchange of goods 8 OPW fabric 10 fabric layers 12 woven seam 15 single-layer reinforcement field 16 two-layer reinforcement field 18 static nodes 20 honeycombs 21 isosceles triangle 22 Material web 24 Cutting line 26 reinforcement grids 28 Circumferential woven seam 30 upper fabric layer 32 lower fabric layer 34 weft threads 36 warp threads 38 weft threads 40 warp threads 130 upper fabric layer 132 lower fabric layer 134 weft threads 136 warp threads 138 weft threads 140 warp threads 145 Chamber area 212 woven seam 230 upper fabric layer 232 lower fabric layer 234 weft threads 236 warp threads 238 weft threads 240 warp threads 241 Chamber 245 Chamber area

Claims

[1] Textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and components, characterized by that it is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece, with two-layered areas with two fabric layers, wherein the two-layered areas form chambers (4) between the two fabric layers, wherein the chambers are surrounded by boundaries (6) which are formed by fabric changes (7), wherein the two-layer regions, in addition to the boundaries (6) present as a net-like grid structure, are suitable and used to absorb static and dynamic forces in the fabric plane. [2] Textile fabric for stabilizing buildings and components, characterized by that it is woven as an OPW fabric in one piece, with two-layer areas with two fabric layers, wherein the two-layer areas form chambers (4) between the two fabric layers, wherein the chambers are surrounded by boundaries (6) which are formed as a single-layer woven seam (12), wherein the two-layer regions, in addition to the boundaries (6) present as a net-like grid structure, are suitable and used to absorb static and dynamic forces in the fabric plane. [3] Textile fabric according to claim 2, characterized by that it has single-layer reinforcement fields (15) which are also surrounded by boundaries (6) which are formed as a single-layer woven seam (10). [4] Textile fabric according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized bythat in the single-layer areas it is woven in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% and in the two fabric layers in the two-layer areas it is woven in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 50% per fabric layer. [5] Textile fabric according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized by that in the single-layer areas it is woven in Panama weave P2 / 2 or twill weave K2 / 2 or K3 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% and in the two fabric layers in the two-layer areas in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of approx. 89% per fabric layer. [6] Textile fabric according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized bythat in the single-layer areas the weaves P2 / 2, K2 / 2 or K3 / 1 are woven with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% and in the two-layer areas the plain weave L1 / 1 is woven asymmetrically, namely in one fabric layer with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% at the expense of the other fabric layer with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of approx. 78% per fabric layer. [7] Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized by that the two fabric layers in the two-layer areas are woven in plain weave L1 / 1 with a fabric density (DG) according to Prof. Walz of 100% per fabric layer. [8] Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it has hexagonal, particularly honeycomb-shaped boundaries. [9] Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it has triangular boundaries. [10] Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it has round, particularly bull's-eye window-shaped boundaries. [11] Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it is woven to a given area and is bordered by an additional single-layer woven seam. [12] Textile fabric according to claim 11, characterized by that it is woven multiple times in a web of fabric and arranged at intervals in a predetermined pattern.

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