Device and method for treating substrates

Abstract

Device for treating substrates comprising two interacting processing cylinders (96; 97) which are mounted via bearing points (111; 112) in frame walls (109; 110) and between which the substrate can be inserted, wherein the substrate undergoes processing when passing through tool parts active in the cylinder gap from the group of cutting tools, punching tools, creasing tools, perforating tools and / or grooving tools, wherein a measuring bridge (199) is formed which is connected to a bearing point (111; 112) of one processing cylinder (96; 97) and carries a sensor (201) which is designed to detect the distance of the measuring bridge (199) to a further measuring bridge (200), and wherein the measuring bridge (199) extends along a virtual axis perpendicular to the axes of rotation (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97) between the axes of rotation (203; 204) the processing cylinder (96;97) extending connecting line, characterized in that the further measuring bridge (200) is connected to the bearing point (112) of the other processing cylinder (97; 96) and to the sensor (201) and / or the measuring bridge (199) and the further measuring bridge (200) are designed to be telescopic relative to one another.;

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for treating substrates.Substrates are understood to mean, in particular, sheet-shaped substrates which are preferably printable or printed. Such substrates are processed by one or more processing operations, such as printing and / or coating and / or painting and / or cutting and / or punching and / or embossing and / or grooving and / or perforating.For the continuous processing of the sheet-shaped substrates, systems operating in rotary fashion with processing cylinders arranged in pairs are known. The processing cylinders carry tools and form a cylinder gap into which the substrates can be introduced, wherein they undergo processing when they pass through the cylinder gap and the waste parts which may be formed can be transported away in an orderly manner and disposed of. For a high machining quality, an exact positioning of the machining cylinders relative to one another is necessary.DE 103 56 405 A1 discloses a device for finishing processing, e.g. cutting, punching, embossing, film transfer, and / or coatings, of printed paper, cardboard, cardboard packaging, corrugated board, plastics by means of a rotation process, in which the substrate can be introduced in the feed direction between a rotating counterpressure processing roller and a rotating processing roller and undergoes its processing when it passes through tool parts that are effective in the working gap. The processing roller is directly followed by an output conveyor belt for shape-free substrates, which is oriented approximately horizontally.The device is designed exclusively for processing web-shaped substrates.DE 103 56 413 A1 discloses a device for the finishing processing of printed paper or the like web-shaped substrates by means of a rotation process, in which the substrate can be introduced in the feed direction between a rotating counterpressure processing roller and a rotating processing roller and undergoes its processing when it passes through tool parts acting in the working gap. The counterpressure processing roller is arranged essentially next to a processing roller and the processing roller is followed directly by an output conveyor belt for shape-free substrates, which is oriented approximately horizontally. The processing roller is of double-size design and has grippers.EP 0 281 064 A1, WO 2006 / 117646 A1, DE 1 486 958 A and GB 969,753 A disclose apparatuses for treating substrates with separating devices.During the operation of the known devices, there is the problem that parts of the device heat up and expand essentially as a result of the drive friction, which leads to an undesired influencing of the functioning of the known devices. The thermal expansion of the frame between the bearing points of interacting machine parts, such as rollers or cylinders, which together form a cylinder gap that is essential to the function, is particularly problematic. When using rollers or cylinders which are mounted in an adjustable manner, the thermal expansion can be counteracted by adjusting the rollers or cylinders, which proves to be expensive, in particular if the thermal expansion is not constant over time.DE 10 2016 226 167 A1 discloses a device for treating substrates in which undesirable thermal expansion effects are counteracted by using a temperature control device for exclusively controlling the temperature of a frame wall close to the drive.DE 10 2018 219 708 B3 discloses a device for treating substrates, in which a tube through which temperature control medium can flow is passed through an opening in the end face of a processing cylinder, which tube is part of a temperature control device.According to DE 10 2018 219 709 B3, undesired heating of a processing cylinder is counteracted by targeted generation of an air flow sweeping over the end face of the processing cylinder.DE 10 2018 219 710 B3 discloses the use of heat-insulating layers for reducing the propagation of heat in processing cylinders.DE 10 2017 222 716 B3 describes a machine processing printing material with a device for measuring and regulating the thermally variable distance between two axes of rotation of punching cylinders. The device uses a rod which is fastened to a bearing of a processing cylinder and interacts with a sensor for detecting the distance between two rotational axes. The device does not detect the variations of the frame walls due to thermal expansion sufficiently accurately with respect to the cylinder gap formed between the processing cylinders.DE 10 2018 219 715 B3 discloses an apparatus and a sheet processing machine for processing substrates comprising two driven processing cylinders which are mounted via storage points in each case in two frame walls.It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and a method for processing substrates, with which the machining quality during the separation or during the punching is improved.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1 and 11.The advantages which can be achieved with the invention are that substrates with good machining quality can be separated or stamped.The apparatus for treating substrates can have a double-sized processing cylinder which carries positioning means, designed to receive two tools which can be arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the processing cylinder, and has a sheet holding system for fixing the front edges of the sheet-shaped substrate and interacts with a single-sized processing cylinder.The invention is also applicable to any other constellations of machining cylinder sizes, such as also to systems whose machining cylinder pairings are double-sized / double-sized or single-sized / single-sized, etc.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a sheet-processing machine with a device for treating substrates; FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an apparatus for treating substrates in a side view according to a first embodiment; FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of an apparatus for treating substrates in side view according to a first embodiment.The apparatus for treating substrates can be designed as a stand-alone machine.According to a further embodiment, the device for treating substrates is part of a substrate-processing machine, in particular a sheet-processing machine, and is operated in-line with the assemblies of the sheet-processing machine. A sheet-fed printing press is provided in particular as a sheet-processing machine, as is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 1. The invention is described below using the example of a sheet-fed printing press, in particular an offset sheet-fed printing press, wherein this description is also intended to apply analogously to other sheet-processing machines, in particular punching machines, and to an embodiment of the apparatus as an independent machine. An embodiment as a punching machine can have, in particular, the features of a sheet-fed printing press without printing units.The sheet-fed printing press comprises a feed system for substrates, also referred to as feeder 07. Substrates are understood to mean, in particular, sheet-shaped workpieces made of paper, cardboard, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, plastic or the like, which are preferably printable or printed. The substrates are present in the feeder 07 of the sheet-fed printing press as stacks and are separated from the latter and fed to the units of the sheet-fed printing press downstream of the feeder 07 via an acceleration system 08 and moved in a feed direction 11 through the units of the machine. The sheet-fed printing press comprises at least one, preferably a plurality of, printing units 06. The printing units 06 each comprise, in particular, a printing cylinder 41 and a sheet guide cylinder 42 preferably designed as a transfer drum 42; a blanket cylinder 43 carrying a blanket is assigned to the printing cylinder 41 and a plate cylinder 44 carrying a printing plate is assigned to the latter in turn. The plate cylinder 44 is in contact with an inking unit 45 and preferably also a dampening unit. In the printing unit 06, the substrate sheet is guided in a manner known per se by the sheet holding systems provided on the printing cylinder 41 and sheet guide cylinder 42, is printed in the printing nip formed between the printing cylinder 41 and the blanket cylinder 43 and is transferred to the adjoining unit of the sheet-fed printing press, for example in the form of the next printing unit 06. Following the printing unit or units 06 or between the printing units 06, one or more processing units 46 can be formed.The machining units 46 preferably comprise two machining cylinders 96; 97, of which one, preferably the lower, has a sheet-holding system and the other, preferably the upper, has a tool carrier. The sheet holding system of the processing cylinder 96 can be designed as a clamping gripper system or as a suction gripper system. The processing cylinders 96; 97 can have lateral measuring rings 196; 197.The processing cylinders 96; 97 are associated with one another to form a cylinder gap. At least one of the machining cylinders 96; 97 carries a tool which preferably originates from the group of cutting tools, punching tools, grooving tools, perforating tools or grooving tools.A pair of processing cylinders 96; 97 is formed in the simplest case by the printing cylinder 41 and blanket cylinder 43 of a printing unit 06. In this case, a printing unit 06 serves as the processing unit 46.The processing cylinders 96; 97 can be designed in a variety of ways.In one embodiment, particularly suited for punching and perforating applications, the upper processing cylinder 97 is formed as a full magnet cylinder or support cylinder with magnet segments for receiving magnetic sheets or magnetic sheets, and the lower processing cylinder 96 is formed as a surface hardened cylinder or with a hardened sheet attached thereto.In another embodiment, particularly suited for embossing or grooving or grooving applications, the upper processing cylinder 97 is formed as a full magnet cylinder or support cylinder having magnet segments for receiving magnetic sheets or magnetic sheets and the lower processing cylinder 96 is formed as a surface hardened cylinder or having a hardened sheet attached thereto or having a hard rubber / plastic sheet.In all the cases mentioned, the lower processing cylinder 96 can be provided with tool carriers or elevator carriers acting mechanically, in particular in a form-fitting or force-fitting manner. The tool carriers or elevator carriers acting in a force-locking manner are designed to be magnetically active in particular.On its side facing away from the processing cylinder 96, the processing cylinder 97 can be assigned a counter cylinder 98, which is in surface contact with the second processing cylinder 97. The counter cylinder 98 is schematically illustrated only in FIG. 1 by way of example.The counter cylinder 98 is assigned to the processing cylinder 97 in such a way that, in the event of a deflection of the processing cylinder 97, as occurs during processing of substrate sheets in the gap between the two processing cylinders 96; 97, the force effect of the resulting bending force of the second processing cylinder 97 strikes the counter cylinder 98, preferably in the center thereof or close to the center thereof.The counter cylinder 98 may have the same diameter as the second processing cylinder 97.According to a further preferred embodiment, the apparatus for treating substrates comprises a separating device 02 having a transport cylinder 03 and a break-out cylinder 04, between which the substrate can be introduced. The separating device 02 can be a component of a separating unit 02, in particular of a break-out unit. The substrate is separated by at least one elevator into at least one waste part and at least one panel as it passes through the cylinder gap between transport cylinder 03 and break-out cylinder 04. The transport cylinder 03 and / or the stripping cylinder 04 are preferably designed as magnetic cylinders. The transport cylinder 03 and / or the stripping cylinder 04 and / or the processing cylinders 96; 97 can be assigned a peeling device which can be selectively set on or off the cylinders.Openings which can preferably be supplied with air supply means are formed in the lateral surface of the transport cylinder 03.In order to facilitate the exchange of tool parts or lifts, a peeling device for peeling off at least one tool part can be assigned to one or both processing cylinders 96; 97.The processing cylinders 96; 97 are mounted in a frame via bearing points 111; 112. The frame can be formed as a monolithic casting box, as a welded part or in another suitable shape. The frame comprises lateral frame walls 109; 110 in which the storage points 111; 112 are formed. The bearing points 111; 112 are preferably designed as multi-ring bearings, in particular three-ring bearings.Each processing cylinder 96; 97 or an individual processing cylinder 96; 97 can be assigned an adjusting device, in particular an actuator, by means of which the axis of rotation 203; 204 of the respective processing cylinder 96; 97 can be displaced with respect to the axis of rotation 204; 203 of the respective other processing cylinder 97; 96. The adjusting device enables an adjustment of the cylinder gap between the processing cylinders 96; 97, for example, for adaptation to the thickness of the substrate to be processed. The adjusting device is in particular designed in such a way that the distance of the processing cylinders 96; 97 in the region of the frame wall 109 close to the drive can be adjusted independently of the distance of the processing cylinders 96; 97 in the region of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive. In other words, the adjustment device can produce or balance an oblique position of the processing cylinders 96; 97 with respect to one another.The processing cylinders 96; 97 are preferably driven on one side, i.e. a drive torque is in each case introduced only at one end of the respective processing cylinder 96; 97. For driving, a common drive with a gear train comprising drive gears or a plurality of individual drives can be provided. If drive gears are provided, a drive gear is preferably arranged on a leg of the respective processing cylinder 96; 97, preferably outside the frame or in a cavity of the frame. The cavity may be defined by a frame wall 109; 110 opposite the space of the frame which receives the processing cylinders 96; 97. The drive gears of the two processing cylinders 96; 97 preferably mesh with one another and are preferably connected via other transmission elements, in particular gears, not shown, to a drive motor, which can be designed as a central drive. The apparatus for treating substrates can comprise one temperature control apparatus or a plurality of temperature control apparatuses. According to one embodiment, the temperature control device can be designed for the exclusive temperature control of the frame wall 109 close to the drive, that is to say without temperature control of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive. In this case, the other frame wall 110 does not have a temperature control device. According to a further embodiment, the temperature control device can be designed for the temperature control of the frame wall 109 close to the drive and for the temperature control of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive. The one or more temperature control devices are designed in particular for the temperature control of the respective frame wall 109 close to the drive and / or of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive between the storage points 111; 112 of the processing cylinders 96; 97.The one or each temperature control device preferably comprises one or more cooling devices and / or one or more heating devices. The one or more cooling devices and / or the one or more heating devices are designed for tempering the frame wall 109 close to the drive independently of the tempering of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive and are preferably, but not necessarily, arranged exclusively between the bearing points 111; 112 of the processing cylinders 96; 97. The one or each temperature control device can have a temperature control medium circuit formed in at least one of the frame walls 109; 110 or a heating plate fixed to at least one of the frame walls 109; 110 or an induction coil fixed, in particular glued, to at least one of the frame walls 109; 110 or an induction pad fixed, in particular glued, to at least one of the frame walls 109; 110 or a Peltier element fixed to at least one of the frame walls 109; 110.Further preferably, the at least one temperature control device comprises one or two control circuits, with which the temperature of the frame wall 109 close to the drive can be regulated independently of the temperature of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive. The control circuits are designed in a manner known per se and each comprise a temperature sensor, a controller and a controlled system. The respective temperature sensor is assigned to the respective frame wall 109; 110 in such a way that it detects the temperature of the respective frame wall 109; 110 in the region between the storage points 111; 112. The temperature forms the controlled variable of the respective control loop.Preferably, a setpoint value for tempering the frame wall 109 close to the drive to a temperature greater than the temperature of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive is input to the tempering device. The setpoint value forms the reference variable of the respective control loop. The temperature control device can also be input with a further setpoint value for controlling the temperature of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive to a temperature lower than the temperature of the frame wall 109 close to the drive, which can form the reference variable of a further control loop.The setpoint value and the further setpoint value represent the temperature or the state which is set when the processing cylinders 96, 97 are permanently driven.Preferably, one of the frame walls 109; 110 or both frame walls 109; 110 is tempered before startup or after a longer standstill. The temperature control is preferably effected in such a way that the frame wall 109 close to the drive is heated to a temperature above the temperature of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive. Then, the distance between the processing cylinders 96; 97 is adjusted. This is preferably done in such a way that the distance has the same values overall, or the processing cylinders 96; 97 are aligned parallel to one another. The substrate can then be introduced and processed between the processing cylinders 96; 97. Preferably, during the temperature control of the frame wall 109 close to the drive, the frame wall 110 remote from the drive is temperature controlled to a temperature below the temperature of the frame wall 109 close to the drive. The temperature of the frame wall 110 remote from the drive is preferably above the ambient temperature. In particular, to support the temperature control or preheating, the processing cylinders 96; 97 can also be driven during the temperature control. Further preferably, the frame wall 109 close to the drive is tempered to a setpoint value for tempering the frame wall 109 close to the drive and the frame wall 110 remote from the drive is tempered to a further setpoint value different from the setpoint value for tempering the frame wall 109 close to the drive, wherein the setpoint value for tempering the frame wall 109 close to the drive and the further setpoint value represent the temperatures which result in a permanent driving of the processing cylinders 96; 97 in the respective frame wall 109; 110, in particular at an ambient temperature between 17 and 23 degrees Celsius, e.g. due to the frictional heat of the drive and / or of the storage points 111; 112 and / or due to other influences. The setpoint value and the further setpoint value are ideally selected such that, during continuous running, the temperatures set for the two frame walls 109; 110 remain constant without temperature control being required by the temperature control device in this state. This condition is reached when the amount of heat supplied by friction is equal to the amount of heat released to the environment due to the temperature drop of the frame walls 109; 110 to the environment.Instead of or in particular in addition to the temperature control of the frame walls 109; 110, the position of the processing cylinders 96; 97 relative to one another which is dependent on the thermal expansion of the frame walls 109; 110 is necessary.For this purpose, a measuring bridge 199 is formed, which is connected to a bearing point 111; 112 of the one processing cylinder 96; 97. For the function of the measuring bridge 199, it is immaterial whether the measuring bridge 199 is connected to the bearing point 112 of the processing cylinder 97 or to the bearing point 111 of the processing cylinder 96. The measuring bridge 199 carries a sensor 201 which is designed to detect the distance of the measuring bridge 199 from the bearing point 111; 112 of the other processing cylinder 96; 97. In addition to the measuring bridge 199, a further measuring bridge 200 can also be formed. The further measuring bridge 200 is connected to the bearing point 111 of the other processing cylinder 96; 97. In the case of the formation of a further measuring bridge 200 connected to the bearing point 111 of the other processing cylinder 96; 97, the sensor 201 is formed for detecting the distance of the measuring bridge 199 from the further measuring bridge 200.The measuring bridge 199 extends along a virtual connecting line running at right angles to the axes of rotation 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97 between the axes of rotation 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97. The connecting line is in particular a straight connecting line.The further measuring bridge 200 also extends along a virtual connecting line, in particular connecting straight lines, running at right angles to the axes of rotation 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97 between the axes of rotation 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97. The measuring bridge 199 and the further measuring bridge 200 are in particular configured with longitudinal axes aligned with one another. The measuring bridge 199 and the further measuring bridge 200 can be guided in guides, in particular linear guides, arranged on the frame walls 109; 110. Likewise, the measuring bridge 199 and the further measuring bridge 200 can be configured to be telescopic with respect to one another, wherein in this case parts of the measuring bridges 119; 200 form guides, in particular linear guides.The measuring bridge 199 and optionally the further measuring bridge 200 are connected in particular at one of their ends to a respective bearing point 112; 111 and at their other end to the sensor 201.The sensor 201 is preferably an optical sensor or a capacitive sensor or an inductive sensor or a strain gauge. If the sensor 201 is an inductive sensor, it can be designed in particular for detecting a eddy field.In the case of the sensor 201 being designed as an optical sensor, in particular a light beam can be directed laterally into a gap to be measured and the sensor 201 can be arranged on the side of the gap to be measured opposite the light source. In this embodiment, the sensor 201 is designed to detect the width of the light beam passing through the gap.In particular, the sensor 201 is designed to detect the distance along the virtual connecting line, in particular connecting straight lines, or parallel to the virtual connecting line, in particular connecting straight lines.In the case of the sensor 201 being designed as a strain gauge, one side of the sensor 201 can be connected to the measuring bridge 199 and the other side of the sensor 201 can be connected to the further measuring bridge 200.Preferably, the measuring bridge 199 and / or the further measuring bridge 200 are formed from a material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 3×10 -6 K -1.In particular, the measuring bridge 199 and / or the further measuring bridge 200 can consist of invar or consist of an alloy which has the invar effect.The measuring bridge 199 and / or the further measuring bridge 200 can also consist of a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic or contain a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic.Preferably, the measuring bridge 199 and / or the further measuring bridge 200 consists of an alloy containing iron and nickel.In particular, the measuring bridge 199 and / or the or a further measuring bridge 200 can consist of an alloy containing more than fifty percent iron or the more than sixty percent iron or exactly fifty percent iron or exactly sixty four percent iron.The nickel content of the alloy is preferably twenty-five percent or more than thirty percent, or exactly twenty-nine percent, or exactly thirty-six percent. In addition to iron and nickel, the alloy may also contain cobalt.Preferably, the alloy is more than fifteen percent or exactly seventeen percent cobalt.The advantage of such a configuration is in particular that the effects of temperature changes on the direct connecting line on the frame walls 109; 110 can be detected.Based on the finding that a respective frame wall 109; 110 can locally deform, in particular expand, non-uniformly, also because of different material thicknesses, different surface characteristics and the resulting locally different heat-conducting properties, the measuring bridge 199 and / or the further measuring bridge 200 are arranged in such a way that only the portions of the deformation, in particular expansion, relevant for the machining quality are detected.According to a method which can use the apparatus described above, a value representing the distance of the bearing points 111; 112 of the machining cylinders 96; 97 is accordingly detected, along a virtual connecting line running at right angles to the rotational axes 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97 between the rotational axes 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97, by a sensor 201 arranged on a measuring bridge 199 connected to the bearing point 111; 112 of the one machining cylinder 96; 97 and is fed to a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the distance of rotational axes 203; 204 of the machining cylinders 96; 97.The control or regulating device preferably comprises at least one actuator or an actuator with which the position of the rotational axis 203; 204 of the one processing cylinder 96; 97 is adjustable or is adjusted relative to the position of the rotational axis 204; 203 of the other processing cylinder 97; 96.The actuator or the actuator can be formed by one or more adjustable bearings, wherein the one or more bearings form one or more bearing points 111; 112 of one or both processing cylinders 96; 97.The control element or the actuator can also be designed as a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of one or both frame walls 109; 110 to a predetermined temperature or for controlling the temperature of both frame walls 109; 110 independently of one another and / or for controlling the temperature of one or both processing cylinders 96; 97.The sensor 201 can also record the value representing the distance multiple times per revolution or at predetermined time intervals or in each case after a specific number of revolutions. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor 201 can also be designed to detect the distance during standstill of the processing cylinders 96; 97.Preferably, the outer surface of one or both processing cylinders 96; 97 is formed by a replaceable elevator or replaceable elevators.The value representing the distance of the bearing points 111; 112 is preferably compared with a reference value. The control or regulating device preferably controls the actuator in dependence on the result of the comparison that the position of the rotational axis 203; 204 of the one processing cylinder 96; 97 is adjusted or changed relative to the position of the rotational axis 204; 203 of the other processing cylinder 97; 96.Also, after the device has been set up for a running production order, the distance value detected by the sensor 201 can be stored and used as a reference value, in particular taking into account a tolerance, for the production operation.List of reference characters01 02 separating unit, separating device 03 transport cylinder 04 stripping cylinder 05- 06 printing unit 07 feeder 08 acceleration system 09- 10- 11 advancing direction 41 printing cylinder 42 sheet guide cylinder, transfer drum 43 blanket cylinder 44 plate cylinder 45 inking unit 46 processing unit 96 processing cylinder, first 97 processing cylinder, second 98 impression cylinder 109 frame wall, 110 frame wall close to the drive, 111 bearing point 112 bearing point 196 measuring ring 197 measuring ring 198- 199 measuring bridge 200 measuring bridge, a further 201 sensor 202- 203 rotational axis (96) 204 rotational axis (97)

Claims

Apparatus for treating substrates comprising two mutually cooperating processing cylinders (96; 97) which are mounted in frame walls (109; 110) via bearing points (111; 112) and between which the substrate can be introduced, wherein the substrate undergoes processing when passing through tool parts from the group of cutting tools, punching tools, grooving tools, perforating tools and / or grooving tools which are effective in the cylinder gap, wherein a measuring bridge (199) is formed which is connected to a bearing point (111; 112) of the one processing cylinder (96; 97) and carries a sensor (201) which is formed for detecting the distance of the measuring bridge (199) from a further measuring bridge (200), and wherein the measuring bridge (199) moves along a virtual position at right angles to the rotational axes (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97) extends a connecting line running between the axes of rotation (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97), characterized in that the further measuring bridge (200) is connected to the bearing point (112) of the other processing cylinder (97; 96) and to the sensor (201) and / or the measuring bridge (199) and the further measuring bridge (200) are configured to be telescopic with respect to one another.Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) is connected at one end to the bearing point (111) of the one processing cylinder (96; 97) and at the other end to the sensor (201).Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the sensor (201) is an optical sensor or a capacitive sensor or an inductive sensor or a strain gauge and the sensor (201) is designed to detect the distance along the virtual connecting line or parallel to the virtual connecting line.Device according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of a material which has a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 3×10 -6 K -1.Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of invar or is made of an alloy which has the invar effect.Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of a carbon fibre-reinforced plastic or contains a carbon fibre-reinforced plastic.Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of an alloy containing more than fifty percent iron or the more than sixty percent iron or exactly fifty-four percent iron or exactly sixty-four percent iron.Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of an alloy containing more than twenty-five percent nickel or the more than thirty percent nickel or exactly twenty-nine percent nickel or exactly thirty-six percent nickel.Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterised in that the measuring bridge (199) and / or the further measuring bridge (200) consists of an alloy containing more than fifteen percent or exactly seventeen percent cobalt.The apparatus of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one of the processing cylinders (96; 97) includes a sheet holding system for fixing the leading edges of sheet substrate.Method for treating substrates using an apparatus according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, wherein two processing cylinders (96; 97) which cooperate with one another and are mounted via bearing points (111; 112) in frame walls (109; 110) and form a cylinder gap process substrate introduced into the cylinder gap when passing through tool parts which are effective in the cylinder gap and process a value representing the distance of the bearing points (111; 112), along a virtual connecting line running at right angles to the rotational axes (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97) between the rotational axes (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97), from a connecting line on a connecting line running with the bearing point (111; 112) of the one processing cylinder (96; 97) and is supplied to a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the distance from axes of rotation (203; 204) of the processing cylinders (96; 97).Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the value representing the distance between the bearing points (111; 112) is compared with a reference value, and the control or regulating device actuates an actuating element which sets or changes the position of the axis of rotation (203; 204) of the one processing cylinder (96; 97) relative to the position of the axis of rotation (203; 204) of the other processing cylinder (97; 96) as a function of the result of the comparison.Method according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, after setting up the apparatus for a running production order, the distance value detected by the sensor (201) is stored and used as a reference value, in particular taking into account a tolerance, for the production operation.Method according to Claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the sensor (201) detects the distance of the measuring bridge (199) of the further measuring bridge (200) connected to the bearing point (111; 112) of the other processing cylinder (97; 96).

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