Hydroelectric power plant and methods for operating a hydroelectric power plant

Abstract

A hydroelectric power plant and a method for operating a hydroelectric power plant are proposed. The hydroelectric power plant has two chambers, each containing a longitudinally movable float. The chambers can be alternately filled and emptied with water, so that the floats exhibit opposite movements and / or arrangements. The hydroelectric power plant preferably converts the linear movement of the floats into a rotary movement. Preferably, the two chambers are connected via a transfer valve for introducing water from one chamber to the other. Preferably, each float is coupled or can be coupled to a rack for transmitting the linear movement of the floats to an output gear.The rack can have rack teeth arranged on opposite sides to transmit the movement of the float to a first output gear and a second output gear arranged on the opposite side of the rack. Preferably, the output gears each have a freewheel in one direction of rotation, so that torque can be transmitted via the first output gear during an upward movement of the float and via the second output gear during a downward movement of the float.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1 and a method for operating a hydroelectric power plant according to claim 16.

[0002] Hydroelectric power plants convert the potential and / or kinetic energy of water into mechanical or electrical energy. In most hydroelectric power plants, water is held back at a higher level in a reservoir by means of a dam. The kinetic energy of the flowing water is transferred to a water turbine or a water wheel. The water turbine or water wheel can then drive an electric generator to produce electricity.

[0003] Run-of-river hydroelectric power plants typically operate continuously. In addition, there are also pumped-storage power plants, which use dams to store a certain amount of water in a reservoir to generate electricity specifically during periods of power shortage. Pumped-storage power plants utilize surplus energy in the power grid to pump additional water into the reservoir.

[0004] From WO 90 / 02 262 A1, a device for generating energy by utilizing the buoyancy of floating bodies is known. The device has two cylinders, each containing a floating body. By allowing water to flow in and out of the cylinders, the floating bodies can be raised and lowered. The floating bodies are each connected to a rack. Each rack is coupled to a drive shaft via two gears. The two gears associated with each rack each have opposing freewheels, so that both the upward and downward movement of the floating body are transmitted to the drive shaft.

[0005] Well-known hydroelectric power plants can generally only be built and operated in suitable locations.

[0006] The invention is based on the objective of providing an alternative design for a hydroelectric power plant, whereby the hydroelectric power plant is versatile and can be built in any location.

[0007] The aforementioned problem is solved by a hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1 or a method according to claim 16. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0008] The proposed hydroelectric power plant has two chambers. Each chamber contains a floating body that is movable vertically within the chamber. The power plant is designed to fill and empty the chambers with water in such a way that the floating bodies move in opposite directions to each other and / or are arranged in opposite configurations within the chambers.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the hydroelectric power plant is preferably configured to convert the linear motion of the floating body into a rotary motion. In this way, the linear motion of the floating body can be converted into a rotary motion to drive, for example, a generator.

[0010] Furthermore, the two chambers are preferably connected to each other via a transfer valve for introducing water from one chamber to the other. In this way, water can be introduced from one chamber, particularly one that is completely filled with water, to the other, particularly one that is completely empty. A specific quantity of water is taken from one chamber and supplied to the other. This allows for a rapid exchange of water between the two chambers. The floats can thus be moved within the chambers particularly easily and at a constant speed in the vertical direction.

[0011] Preferably, the transfer valve connects the chambers in such a way that, when the transfer valve is opened, water flows from a completely filled chamber into the other, completely empty chamber, particularly until both chambers are half full. The transfer valve preferably connects the two chambers at half their height or below the midpoint of their height. It is then advantageously possible to achieve the same fill level in both chambers particularly quickly and easily using the transfer valve. In this way, one chamber can be at least partially emptied particularly quickly, and the other chamber can be at least partially filled at the same time particularly quickly.

[0012] Furthermore, the floats are preferably each coupled to a rack for transmitting the linear motion of the floats to an output gear. This allows for a particularly simple conversion of the linear motion of the floats into a rotary motion of the output gear. The output gear can then transmit torque directly or indirectly, for example to an input shaft of a generator for power generation.

[0013] Preferably, the floats are each coupled to a rack with teeth arranged on opposite sides. A first output gear preferably meshes with the rack teeth arranged on one side, while a second output gear preferably meshes with the rack teeth arranged on the opposite side of the rack. In particular, the first and second output gears preferably each have a freewheel in one direction of rotation, so that torque can be transmitted via the first output gear during an upward movement of the float and via the second output gear during a downward movement of the float. Thus, torque can be transmitted in the same direction of rotation of the first and second output gears, respectively, during both upward and downward movements.In this way, the linear motion of the floats can be converted into a rotary motion of the output gear in a particularly simple manner. Simultaneously, a torque can be generated in a single direction of rotation, regardless of the direction of movement of the rack and the floats.

[0014] The first and second output gears are preferably each connected to an output shaft via a freewheel. Preferably, the first output gears are assigned to a common first output shaft, while the second output gears are assigned to a common second output shaft. The two output shafts are preferably mechanically coupled to each other via a common transmission element, in particular a toothed belt. In this way, the two floats are coupled such that the movement can only occur simultaneously and at the same speed.

[0015] Preferably, the output gears are coupled or can be coupled to a generator, in particular a ring generator, for power generation. Preferably, the ring generator can be a gearless ring generator.

[0016] Preferably, the first and second output gears can be coupled to the generator such that either the first or the second output gear of an associated float is driven by the generator. In this way, only one output gear of an associated float is ever driven by the generator, ensuring that torque is transmitted to the generator in the same direction of rotation at all times. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the direction of rotation using a gearbox.

[0017] Furthermore, the hydroelectric power plant preferably includes a storage device for providing water and for supplying water to the chambers. The storage device can be used, in particular, as a water reservoir. It is especially advantageous if the two chambers are each fluidically connected or connectable to the storage device via an inlet valve.

[0018] Preferably, a collection device for collecting water from the chambers is arranged below them. In this way, the water discharged from the chambers can be collected and, if necessary, reused. Preferably, each of the two chambers is fluidically connected or connectable to the collection device via a drain valve. This allows for particularly simple control of the removal or draining of water from the chambers.

[0019] Furthermore, a water pump is preferably provided to transfer water from the collection system to the storage system. This creates a water cycle. Simultaneously, it is possible to fill the storage system with water when there is a surplus of electricity in the grid and to generate electricity when needed.

[0020] It is also possible to pump the water directly from one chamber to the other using a transfer pump. In this case, a storage tank and / or collection system is not required. The water does not need to be pumped vertically above the maximum fill level of the chambers. Such a transfer pump is particularly suitable for the continuous operation of the hydroelectric power plant.

[0021] Preferably, the float has at least one buoyancy flap on an outer surface that is vertical when installed, and this flap is pivotable about a horizontal axis. The buoyancy flap is preferably pivotable from a buoyancy position, in which the flap forms a smaller angle with the horizontal than with the vertical, to a neutral position, in which the flap forms a smaller angle with the vertical than with the horizontal. A counter element is preferably arranged in the region of a lower end face of the chamber, which, when the float is lowered into its lower position, can be brought into engagement with the buoyancy flap in such a way that the buoyancy flap is moved into the buoyancy position. With the aid of the buoyancy flap, particularly good buoyancy characteristics can be achieved, whereby water flowing upwards against the buoyancy flap pushes the float upwards.

[0022] In particular, the chamber has a rectangular cross-section, and the float is preferably cuboid in shape with two vertical longitudinal surfaces and two vertical transverse surfaces. Preferably, at least one buoyancy flap is arranged on at least one longitudinal surface. It is possible for more than one buoyancy flap to be assigned to a longitudinal surface, wherein the buoyancy flaps are connected to each other in such a way that they can pivot together.

[0023] For particularly precise and uniform guidance within the chamber in the longitudinal direction, the float may have a roller on at least one outer surface, in particular a transverse surface, which rolls on an inner surface of the chamber.

[0024] The float can be designed as a hollow body and have a float valve that can be moved from an open position, in which access to an internal volume of the float is permitted, to a closed position, in which access to the internal volume is fluid-tightly sealed. The float can be filled with air and / or water via the float valve in order to adjust the displacement and / or weight of the float to the respective conditions, even during energy generation.

[0025] Furthermore, a method for operating a hydroelectric power plant, particularly one as proposed, is presented. The hydroelectric power plant has two chambers, each containing a vertically movable floating body.

[0026] According to a first aspect of the present invention, one chamber is preferably completely filled and the other chamber is preferably completely emptied simultaneously. The floats thus have opposite movements and / or arrangements to each other. The hydroelectric power plant preferably converts the linear movement of the floats into a rotary movement.

[0027] Additional advantages, features, properties, and aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description and a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows: Fig. 1 a schematic view of a proposed hydroelectric power plant in which one chamber is completely filled and the other chamber is completely emptied; Fig. 2 a schematic view of the hydroelectric power plant, with both chambers half filled; Fig. 3 a schematic view of the hydroelectric power plant, in which one chamber is completely emptied and the other chamber is completely filled; Fig. 4 a schematic view of the idling of an output gear of the hydroelectric power plant; Fig. 5 a schematic view of a further embodiment of the proposed hydroelectric power plant; Fig. 6 a schematic view of a further embodiment of the proposed hydroelectric power plant; Fig. 7 a schematic, perspective view of a in Fig. 6 of the floating body shown; and Fig. 8 a schematic view of another embodiment of the proposed hydroelectric power plant.

[0028] The figures use the same reference symbols for identical or similar parts, achieving corresponding or comparable advantages even if a repeated description is omitted for the sake of simplicity.

[0029] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a proposed hydroelectric power plant 1 with two chambers 2, each extending along a chamber axis A.

[0030] The chamber axis A is preferably arranged vertically - i.e. in the direction of gravity - as shown in the figures.

[0031] The two chambers 2 preferably have the same extent along the chamber axis A.

[0032] In particular, the two chambers 2 are preferably identical in shape transversely, and especially perpendicularly, to the chamber axis A. The chambers 2 then have the same extent transversely, and especially perpendicularly, to the chamber axis A.

[0033] Chambers 2 can have a round or a square cross-section. In this case, chambers 2 have a round or square base perpendicular to the chamber axis A. Other cross-sections, such as oval ones, are also possible.

[0034] The two chambers 2 are particularly preferably designed identically.

[0035] The two chambers 2 preferably have a hollow cylindrical shape or are designed as hollow cuboids. In the embodiment shown in the figures, which is preferred in this respect, the chambers 2 are cuboid-shaped.

[0036] A float 3 is preferably arranged in each of the two chambers 2. The floats 3 are particularly movable independently of one another in a vertical direction within the chamber 2. Preferably, the floats 3 are movable in the longitudinal direction L, i.e., along the chamber axis A.

[0037] The term "floating body" in this context refers to an object that, due to its buoyancy through water displacement, is capable of floating independently according to Archimedes' principle.

[0038] The float 3 can be made of a material that is buoyant on its own, such as wood, or of a material that is not buoyant on its own, such as high-density plastic or metal.

[0039] Preferably, the two float bodies 3 are made of a plastic, in particular a foamed plastic, and / or a metal.

[0040] The two floats 3 are preferably identical in design and / or manufacture.

[0041] Preferably, the floats 3 are designed such that water is arranged and / or water can flow between the outer surfaces of the float 3 and the inner walls of the chambers 2.

[0042] Preferably, the chambers 2 and the floats 3 have a shape that prevents and / or limits rotation of the floats 3 relative to the chambers 2 about the chamber axis A. The base area of ​​the floats 3 and the base area of ​​the chambers 2 preferably have the same shape, wherein the base area of ​​the floats 3 is smaller than the base area of ​​the chambers 2.

[0043] The hydroelectric power plant 1 is specifically designed to fill the chambers 2 with water and to drain water from the chambers 2 in such a way that the two floats 3 can each be moved from a lower position, in which the respective float 3 is arranged at the lower end of the chamber 2, to an upper position, in which the respective float 3 is arranged at the upper end of the chamber 2, and vice versa.

[0044] The chambers 2 are preferably filled with water and water is drained from the chambers 2 in such a way that the floats 3 are moved in opposite directions to each other. The floats 3 then exhibit an opposite movement to each other, as will be described below.

[0045] The chambers 2 preferably each have an opening in the region of their upper end face S1, through which ambient air can enter or exit the chambers 2 at any time. For example, the chambers 2 can be at least partially open at their upper end face S1. In this way, water flowing into the respective chamber 2 can easily displace the air contained in the chamber 2. Conversely, when the corresponding chamber 2 is emptied, ambient air can easily flow into the chamber 2.

[0046] The chambers 2 preferably have a chamber height H in the vertical direction. Both chambers 2 preferably have the same chamber height H.

[0047] In Fig. Figure 1 shows the right float 3 in the upper position and the left float 3 in the lower position. The vertical distance between the center point of the float 3 in the upper position and the center point of the float 3 in the lower position represents the stroke of the floats 3. The stroke of the floats 3 is therefore preferably less than the chamber height H. In particular, the stroke of the floats 3 corresponds to the chamber height H minus the longitudinal extent L of the float 3.

[0048] The floats 3 can be designed such that they are partially positioned above the water surface. It is also possible that the floats 3 are completely submerged during an upward movement and completely or partially submerged during a downward movement.

[0049] The terms "top", "upper", "above", "bottom", "lower", and "below" always refer to the vertical direction of chambers 2 and thus to the direction of gravity. In this context, the vertical direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction L of chambers 2.

[0050] How the process of Fig. 1 to Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the chambers 2 are preferably, and in particular alternately, filled with water and emptied in such a way, and in particular alternately, that the floats 3 have an opposite arrangement to each other. Thus, in Fig. 1. The hydroelectric power plant 1 is shown at the beginning of a cycle. The one in Fig. 1 left float 3 is in the lower position and the one in Fig. 1. The right float 3 is arranged in the opposite upper position.

[0051] Starting from Fig. Water can now be drained from the right chamber 2 and water can be filled into the left chamber 2 until both chambers 2 have the same fill level. During this process, the two floats 3 move in opposite directions. Preferably, the chambers 2 are then each half-filled with water. The floats 3 are located in Fig. 2 each in a position between the lower position and the upper position.

[0052] How Fig. 2 further shows, is the downward moving one, in Fig. 2 right, floats 3 arranged above the water surface, while the upward-moving one in Fig. 2 left, float body 3 completely submerged. Starting from the one in Fig. In the state shown in 2, the left chamber 2 can be further filled with water and the right chamber 2 can be further emptied.

[0053] Once the left chamber 2 is completely filled with water and the right chamber 2 is completely emptied ( Fig. 3), the right chamber 2 can be refilled and the left chamber 2 emptied until first the in Fig. 2 reversed state shown and then the one in Fig. The state shown in step 1 has been reached again. The first bar is therefore complete and can be repeated any number of times.

[0054] The term "fully filled" is preferably understood to mean that chamber 2 is filled with water or contains so much water that the float 3 arranged in this chamber 2 is in the upper position, as shown in Fig. 1 in relation to the right chamber 2. Accordingly, the term "completely emptied" is preferably to be understood as meaning that chamber 2 is emptied to such an extent, or contains only so much water, that the float 3 arranged in this chamber 2 is in the lower position, as shown in Fig. 1 is shown in relation to the left chamber 2.

[0055] In the upper position, the float 3 can rest with its upper end face against the upper end face S1 of chamber 2. In the lower position, however, the float 3 can rest with its lower end face against the lower end face S2 of chamber 2.

[0056] As in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. As shown in Figure 6, a transfer valve 4 is preferably arranged between the two chambers 2 for introducing water from one chamber 2 into the other. The transfer valve 4 is preferably designed as a two-way valve. Starting from Fig. 1. It is then possible to open transfer valve 4 so that water flows from the right chamber 2 into the left chamber 2. Alternatively, it is possible to start from Fig. 3, to open the transfer valve 4 so that water flows from the left chamber 2 into the right chamber 2. It is therefore possible in a particularly simple way to partially empty one chamber 2 and fill the other chamber 2 with the same amount of water.

[0057] Preferably, the transfer valve 4 connects the two chambers 2 such that, when the transfer valve 4 is opened, half the water from a completely filled chamber 2 flows into the other, completely empty chamber 2. Preferably, the transfer valve 4 connects the two chambers 2 at half the chamber height H or below the midpoint of the chamber height H. This allows for a particularly fast and uniform exchange of water between the two chambers 2.

[0058] How Fig. 1 in dashed lines and Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the transfer valve 4 can also connect the two chambers 2 below the chambers 2.

[0059] Starting from Fig. 1. Is it then possible to open transfer valve 4 so that water flows from the right chamber 2 into the left chamber 2 until the in Fig. The state shown in point 2 has been reached. Fig. In step 2, the two floats 3 are in a central position. The two chambers 2 are then preferably half-filled with water – that is, up to the midpoint of the chamber height H. It is then particularly easy and quick to empty one chamber 2 halfway and fill the other chamber 2 halfway. This allows the floats 3 to move at a uniform speed in opposite directions.

[0060] In Fig. 2. The floating body 3, which is moving downwards, can be completely out of the water. However, it is also possible that the floating body 3 is partially or completely submerged. The other floating body 3, which is moving upwards, can be completely submerged. However, it is also possible that the floating body 3 is partially out of the water.

[0061] The hydroelectric power plant 1 is preferably designed to convert the linear floating body motion into a rotary motion, as will be explained in detail below.

[0062] As the figures further show, the floats 3 are preferably each coupled to a rack 5 for transmitting the linear movement of the floats to an output gear 6 or 7. The output gear 6 or 7 preferably meshes with the rack 5. The up and down movement of the floats 3 can thus be converted into a rotary movement of the drive gear 6 or 7 in a simple mechanical manner. In this way, the output gear 6 or 7 can transmit a torque, for example for drive purposes.

[0063] The rack 5 is preferably arranged along the chamber axis A, in particular parallel and / or coaxial to the chamber axis A. The rack 5 thus preferably extends from the float 3 in the longitudinal direction L.

[0064] As the figures further show, the floats 3 are preferably each equipped with a rack 5 with rack teeth 8 arranged on opposite sides (see detailed view of the Fig. 1) coupled to transmit the linear motion of the floating body to a first output gear 6 and a second output gear 7 arranged on the opposite side of the rack 5.

[0065] The teeth of the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 preferably mesh with the rack teeth 8 on opposite sides. In this way, the linear motion of the floating body can be converted into a rotary motion of the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7. The output gears 6 and 7 can thus transmit a torque.

[0066] The first and second output gears 6, 7 preferably each have a freewheel 9 in one direction of rotation. Preferably, the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 have the freewheel 9 in the same direction of rotation.

[0067] In this context, a "freewheel" is understood to be a clutch that only acts in one direction of rotation, through which the output gear 6 or 7 can transmit torque in only one direction of rotation.

[0068] In particular, it is provided that a torque can be transmitted via the first output gear 6 during an upward movement of the float 3 and via the second output gear 7 during a downward movement of the float 3.

[0069] In Fig. Figure 4 shows an example of the freewheel 9 of an output gear 6 or 7. The freewheel 9 can be designed as a so-called pawl freewheel. The freewheel 9 preferably has an outer ring 10 with inwardly facing freewheel teeth 11. The outer ring 10 is preferably rotationally fixed to the output gear 6 or 7. In particular, the outer ring 10 and the output gear 6 or 7 can be formed in one piece.

[0070] A pawl 12 is preferably arranged within the outer ring 10 and is rotationally fixed to an output shaft 13a or 13b. The output shaft 13a or 13b and the output gear 6 or 7 are preferably arranged coaxially with each other. The pawl 12 is preferably preloaded radially towards the freewheel teeth 11 by means of a spring element 14.

[0071] The freewheel teeth 11 and the pawl 12 are preferably designed such that the pawl 12 engages when the outer ring 10 rotates. Fig. 4 engages counterclockwise between two freewheel teeth 11 such that a torque is transmitted from the outer ring 10 via the pawl 12 to the output shaft 13a or 13b. In particular, the pawl 12 and the outer ring 10 then have the same angular velocity.

[0072] Does the outer ring 10 rotate in Fig. 4, however, in a clockwise direction, the pawl 12 preferably slides over the freewheel teeth 11 without a positive engagement between the pawl 12 and the freewheel teeth 11. In this process, the pawl 12 is moved radially inwards by the freewheel teeth 11 against the force of the spring element 14. It is then not possible to transmit a torque from the outer ring 10 to the output shaft 13a or 13b.

[0073] Preferably, the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 are each connected to an output shaft 13a, 13b via a freewheel 9. The first output gears 6 are preferably each connected to a first output shaft 13a via a freewheel 9, as shown. Fig. Figure 5 shows that the second output gears 7 are preferably connected to a second output shaft 13b via a freewheel 9. Preferably, all first output gears 6 are connected to the first output shaft 13a via a freewheel 9, and all second output gears 7 are connected to the second output shaft 13b via a freewheel 9.

[0074] Due to the freewheel 9, it is also possible to couple the first output gear 6, which is assigned to one float 3, and the second output gear 7, which is assigned to the second float 3, to the first output shaft 13a. It is then possible to couple the first output gear 6, which is assigned to the other float 3, and the second output gear 7, which is assigned to one float 3, to the second output shaft 13b. Preferably, however, the first output gears 6 are connected to the first output shaft 13a and the second output gears 7 are connected to the second output shaft 13b.

[0075] The two output shafts 13a, 13b are preferably mechanically coupled to each other via a transmission means, in particular a toothed belt Z1, as shown in Fig. 5 is shown. Alternatively, it is also possible to couple the first output shaft 13a and the second output shaft 13b to each other via another transmission means, for example by means of a chain or with the aid of gears.

[0076] The output shafts 13a, 13b can each have a toothed belt wheel ZR for coupling by means of the toothed belt Z1, or be connected to a toothed belt wheel ZR, or have a toothed belt structure complementary to the toothed belt Z1.

[0077] In this way, the upward movement of one floating body 3 can be synchronized with the downward movement of the other floating body 3 and vice versa, such that the two floating bodies 3 have the same speed in opposite directions and an opposite arrangement to each other.

[0078] Preferably, the output gears 6, 7 are coupled or can be coupled to a generator 15. The generator 15 is preferably designed as a ring generator, in particular as a gearless ring generator.

[0079] Preferably, the first output gear 6 and the second output gear 7 can be coupled to the generator 15. It is particularly provided that either the first output gear 6 or the second output gear 7 of an associated float 3 is coupled to the generator 15 for drive purposes. Thus, only one output gear 6 or 7 of an associated float 3 is coupled to the generator 15 for drive purposes at any given time.

[0080] The term "drive-technically coupled" is preferably understood to mean that the corresponding output gear can transmit a torque to the generator due to the freewheel.

[0081] How Fig. Figure 5 shows that the first output shaft 13a or the second output shaft 13b is preferably directly coupled to the generator 15 or an input shaft of the generator 15.

[0082] Referring to Fig. 1. During an upward movement of the right float 3, the first output gear 6, which is associated with this float 3, can transmit a torque. The second output gear 7, also associated with this float 3, is then preferably also driven by the rack 5, but cannot transmit any torque due to the freewheel 9. Thus, preferably only the first output gear 6 is coupled to the generator 15 for drive purposes.

[0083] During the upward movement of the right float 3, the left float 3 preferably undergoes a downward movement. The second output gear 7 associated with the left float 3 can also transmit a torque during the downward movement. At the same time, the first output gear 6 associated with the left float 3 cannot transmit a torque due to the freewheel 9. Thus, preferably only the second output gear 7 is coupled to the generator 15 for drive purposes. The one associated with the Fig. 1. Float shown on the right, 3. Associated first output gear 6 and the one in Fig. The floating body shown on the left (3) and the associated second output gear (7) each transmit a torque and exhibit a rotation in the same direction. Fig. 1 counterclockwise, on.

[0084] Conversely, during a downward movement of the right float 3, the second output gear 7 associated with this float 3 can transmit a torque, while the first output gear 6 associated with this float 3 cannot transmit a torque due to the freewheel 9. During a simultaneous upward movement of the left float 3, the first output gear 6 associated with this float 3 can transmit a torque, while the second output gear 7 associated with this float 3 cannot. The one in Fig. 1. Float shown on the right, 3. Associated second output gear 7 and the one in Fig. The floating body shown on the left, 3, and the associated first output gear 6 each transmit a torque and exhibit a rotation in the same direction of rotation. Fig. 1 counterclockwise, on.

[0085] Consequently, preferably an output gear 6 or 7 of an associated floating body 3 is always coupled to the generator 15 or an input shaft of the generator 15 for the transmission of a torque.

[0086] It is possible that a reduction gear is provided between the output gears 6, 7 and the generator 15. However, it is also possible that the output gears 6, 7 transmit the torque to the generator 15 or an input shaft of the generator 15 without the interposition of a reduction gear.

[0087] How Fig. 1 to Fig. As further shown in Figure 3, the hydroelectric power plant 1 preferably has a storage device 16 for supplying water. The storage device 16 is preferably designed to supply water to the chambers 2, in particular from above.

[0088] The storage device 16 is preferably arranged in such a way that water can enter the chamber 2 due to gravity.

[0089] Preferably, the storage device 16 is arranged above the chambers 2.

[0090] It is also possible to pump or transfer water from the storage unit 16 into the chambers 2 using a balancing pump. However, in this case, the water can only be transferred from the storage unit 16 into the chambers 2 by gravity.

[0091] In particular, the two chambers 2 are each fluidically connected to the reservoir 16 via an inlet valve 17. The inlet valve 17 can be designed as a one-way valve. The inlet valve 17 allows the flow of water from the reservoir 16 into the chambers 2 to be precisely controlled and regulated. This makes it possible to fill the chambers 2 with water in a particularly accurate and uniform manner.

[0092] It is possible that each chamber 2 is connected to the storage unit 16 via two or more than two inlet valves 17. In the embodiment shown in the figures, which is preferred in this respect, each chamber 2 is connected to the storage unit 16 via exactly one inlet valve 17.

[0093] The storage facility 16 is advantageously designed as a water reservoir. The storage facility 16 can, in particular, receive and store sufficient water to operate the hydroelectric power plant 1 for more than 2 hours, preferably more than 4 hours, more preferably more than 6 hours, and more preferably more than 10 hours.

[0094] The hydroelectric power plant 1 preferably has a collection device 18 for receiving water from the chambers 2. The collection device 18 is preferably arranged below the chambers 2. The water can then flow from the chambers 2 into the collection device 18 solely by gravity.

[0095] It is also possible to additionally provide a balancing pump to pump water from chambers 2 into the collection device 18.

[0096] The two chambers 2 are preferably each fluidically connected to the collection device 18 via a drain valve 19. The drain valve 19 can be designed as a one-way valve. The drain valve 19 allows the outflow of water from the chambers 2 into the collection device 18 to be controlled and regulated. This makes it possible to empty the chambers 2 in a particularly precise and uniform manner.

[0097] It is possible that each chamber 2 is connected to the collection device 18 via two or more than two drain valves 19. In the embodiment shown in the figures, which is preferred in this respect, each chamber 2 is connected to the collection device 18 via exactly one drain valve 19.

[0098] The hydroelectric power plant 1 further preferably includes a water pump 20 for pumping water from the collection device 18 into the storage device 16 and / or into the chambers 2. In this way, a water cycle can be implemented, in particular to enable the continuous operation of the hydroelectric power plant 1.

[0099] With the help of water pump 20, it is possible to fill the storage facility 16 with water cost-effectively during periods of surplus electricity. The hydroelectric power plant 1 can then produce electricity during periods of electricity shortage. In this way, the hydroelectric power plant 1 can, for example, be operated as a peak load power plant.

[0100] The hydroelectric power plant 1 can be dimensioned as desired. Firstly, a large number of chambers 2 can be used, with exactly two chambers 2 always connected to each other via a transmission valve 4. The power plant 1 then comprises several units, each consisting of two chambers 2 connected to each other via a transmission valve 4. Secondly, the height and cross-section of the chambers 2 can be adapted to the specific application.

[0101] The hydroelectric power plant 1 can also be advantageously used as a storage power plant. For example, water can be pumped into the storage facility 16 using water pump 20 during periods of low electricity prices. A photovoltaic system can be used as a power source for water pump 20 during the day when the electricity produced by the photovoltaic system cannot be used elsewhere. This prevents excess electricity from being fed into the public grid. Instead, the hydroelectric power plant 1 can be operated as a storage power plant. As soon as more electricity is needed than can be produced by the photovoltaic system, for example, after sunset, the hydroelectric power plant 1 can be used to generate electricity.

[0102] The chamber height H is preferably more than 2 m, more preferably more than 4 m, and more preferably more than 7.5 m.

[0103] The stroke of the floats is preferably more than 1 m, preferably more than 3 m, and particularly approximately 7.5 m. The term "approximately" is always to be understood as a deviation of + / - 10%.

[0104] The displacement of a floating body 3 is preferably more than 1000 dm³ 3 , preferably more than 2000 dm³ 3 , preferably in approximately 2500 dm 3 .

[0105] Preferably, the transfer of a float 3 from the lower position to the upper position or vice versa takes less than 2 minutes, preferably about 1 minute. However, it is also possible to drain the water from one chamber 2 and fill the other chamber 2 with water more quickly or slowly, so that the transfer from the lower to the upper position or vice versa takes more than 2 minutes or less than 1 minute.

[0106] In Fig. Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the hydroelectric power plant 1. The two chambers 2 are preferably connected to each other via a pump 21 such that the water flows from one chamber into the other. Fig. 5 shown on the right, chamber 2 into the other, in Fig. As shown in the diagram on the left, chamber 2 can be used. In particular, one chamber 2 can be completely emptied and the other chamber 2 can be completely filled.

[0107] In particular, it is possible to transfer water from one chamber 2 to the other chamber 2. For example, if both chambers 2 are half full, water can be transferred from one chamber 2 to the other chamber 2 to replenish the water in the chamber 2. Fig. The state shown in Figure 5 is achieved. In this way, the water does not need to be pumped beyond chambers 2. It is then possible to dispense with a storage facility 16 and a collection facility 18, thus enabling a hydroelectric power plant 1 to be realized with few components.

[0108] In Fig. Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the hydroelectric power plant 1. The two chambers 2 are preferably connected to each other at their lower end faces S2 via the transfer valve 4. In this way, when the transfer valve 4 is open, the water flowing out of one chamber 2 can flow into the other chamber 2 below the float 3. This allows the water flowing into chamber 2 from below to exert a force on the float 3. At the same time, no water flows into chamber 2 above the rising float 3, which could restrict or impede the upward movement of the float 3.

[0109] Preferably, the reservoir 16 is connected to the chambers 2 via the inlet valve 17 such that, when the inlet valve 17 is open, water flowing out of the reservoir 16 is introduced into the lower half, preferably the lower quarter, of the chamber 2. Since the inlet valve 17 is generally only opened when the chamber 2 is half full of water, this prevents water flowing from the reservoir 16 into the chamber 2 from being directed onto the float 3 from above, which could negatively affect the upward movement of the float 3.

[0110] Fig. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the in Fig. 6 of the floating body 3 shown. The floating body 3 preferably has at least one buoyancy flap 23 pivotable about a horizontal axis B on an outer surface 22 which is vertical in the installed state.

[0111] Preferably, the buoyancy flap 23 is pivotably connected to the float 3 via a hinge.

[0112] The lift flap 23 is preferably formed by a Fig. 6. The lift position shown on the left, in which the lift flap 23 forms a smaller angle with the horizontal than with the vertical, is in a position that Fig. 6. The basic position shown on the right, in which the lift flap 23 forms a smaller angle with the vertical than with the horizontal, can be brought into position.

[0113] Preferably, in its lift position, the lift flap 23 has an angle of more than 80° and / or 90° or less relative to the outer surface 22. In its neutral position, the lift flap 23 preferably has an angle of less than 20° and / or more than 5° relative to the outer surface 22.

[0114] Preferably, a counter element 24 is arranged in the region of the lower end face S2 of chamber 2. When the float 3 is lowered into its lower position, this counter element engages with, or can be brought into engagement with, the buoyancy flap 23 such that the buoyancy flap 23 is pivoted into its buoyancy position. When the buoyancy flap 23 reaches its lower position from its upper position, the engagement with the counter element 24 automatically pivots it into its buoyancy position. Water flowing into chamber 2 from below then presses against the buoyancy flap 23 from below, thereby exerting a force on the float 3 directed upwards in the longitudinal direction L.

[0115] During the upward movement of the float 3, the buoyancy flap 23 can, preferably in a central region of the chamber 2, particularly at half the height of the chamber 2, return to its initial position. It is also possible for the buoyancy flap 23 to return to its initial position when the float 3 reaches its uppermost position and / or when no further water is added to the chamber 2.

[0116] The buoyancy flap 23 may preferably have a higher density than water.

[0117] During the downward movement of the float 3 from the upper position to the lower position, the buoyancy flap 23 is preferably in its home position.

[0118] Chamber 2 preferably has a rectangular cross-section, as explained above. The float 3 is preferably cuboid in shape. In its installed state – i.e., installed in chamber 2 as part of the hydroelectric power plant 1 – the float 3 preferably has two vertically arranged longitudinal surfaces 25 and two vertically arranged transverse surfaces 26. Preferably, a buoyancy flap 23 is arranged on at least one longitudinal surface 25.

[0119] The buoyancy flap 23 preferably extends horizontally over the entire longitudinal surface 25. It is also possible that the buoyancy flap 23 slightly projects beyond the longitudinal surface 25 in the horizontal direction. The term "slightly" preferably refers to a horizontal projection of less than 10 cm and / or less than 10% of the horizontal extent of the longitudinal surface 25.

[0120] Alternatively, it is also possible that the lift flap 23 has a smaller extent in the horizontal direction than the longitudinal surface 25.

[0121] It is also possible that two or more than two lift flaps 23 are arranged one behind the other on the longitudinal surface 25 in a horizontal direction.

[0122] How Fig. Figure 7 shows that at least two lift flaps 23 are preferably arranged on at least one longitudinal surface 25. The lift flaps 23 are preferably arranged one above the other in a vertical direction.

[0123] The two lift flaps 23 are preferably connected to each other in such a way that the lift flaps 23 assigned to a longitudinal surface 25 can be pivoted together. For example, if the lower lift flap 23 engages with the counter element 24, both lift flaps 23 are pivoted together into their lift position.

[0124] Preferably, each longitudinal surface 25 has at least one lift flap 23. Particularly preferably, both longitudinal surfaces 25 have the same number of lift flaps 23. Particularly preferably, the lift flaps 23 are arranged symmetrically to each other on the two longitudinal surfaces 25.

[0125] How Fig. Figure 7 further shows that at least one roller 27 is arranged on at least one outer surface 22, in particular a transverse surface 26, which bears against an inner surface 28 of the chamber 2. The roller 27 preferably rolls along the inner surface 28 of the chamber 2, thereby enabling smooth and even guidance of the float 3 in the chamber 2 in the longitudinal direction L.

[0126] In Fig. Figure 8 shows the hydroelectric power plant 1 according to a further embodiment. The in Fig. The embodiment shown in Figure 8 differs in the design of the float 3 compared to the one shown in Figure 8. Fig. 6 shown embodiment.

[0127] The float 3 is preferably designed as a hollow body. Preferably, the float 3 has a float valve 28. The float valve 28 is preferably designed as a two-way valve. Particularly preferably, the float valve 28 is formed by a Fig. 8 shown on the right above, open position, in which access to an internal volume 29 of the float 3 is provided, into a Fig. 8 on the left side below can be brought into the closed position in which the access to the internal volume 29 is fluid-tight.

[0128] Preferably, the float valve 28 can be moved electrically, pneumatically, and / or hydraulically from the open position to the closed position and vice versa. It is also possible for the float valve 28 to be adjustable purely mechanically, particularly in conjunction with the chamber 2, preferably by means of a counter element of the chamber 2.

[0129] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, which is preferred in this respect, the float valve 28 is arranged on the underside 30 of the float 3. However, another arrangement of the float valve 28 is also possible, for example on the top side 31 of the float 3.

[0130] When the float 3 reaches its upper position, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 8 on the right, the float valve 28 is preferably moved into its open position. It is also possible for the float valve 28 to be moved into its open position shortly before or after the float 3 has reached its upper position. The term "shortly before or after" preferably refers to a range that, starting from the upper position, comprises less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, and more preferably less than 5% of the distance between the upper and lower positions.

[0131] In the open position of the float valve 28, water can enter the inner volume 29 through the opening of the float valve 28 and fill it. As soon as the float 3 or the inner volume 29 is completely filled with water, the float valve 28 is preferably moved to its closed position. In the closed position, the float valve 28 preferably prevents water from entering or leaving the float 3.

[0132] The float 3 preferably has an air valve 32 to improve the flow of water through the float valve 28 into the float 3. The air valve 32 is preferably arranged on the top 31 of the float 3, as shown. Fig. Figure 8 shows that if water flows into the float 3, the air contained in the float 3 can escape from the float 3 through the air valve 32.

[0133] The air valve 32 can be designed as a permanently open valve, in particular as the upper opening of the float body 3.

[0134] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, which is preferred in this respect, the air valve 32 is designed as an openable and closeable valve. It is particularly preferred that the air valve 32 is open when the float valve 28 is in its open position. Furthermore, it is preferably that the air valve 32 is closed when the float valve 28 is in its closed position.

[0135] When the float 3 reaches its lower position, the float valve 28 is preferably moved to its open position, so that the water absorbed in the float 3 is drained through the opening of the float valve 28. Ambient air can enter the float 3 through the air valve 32, allowing the water to be drained from the float 3 particularly quickly.

[0136] Alternatively, the float valve 28 is also possible to be moved into its open position shortly before or after the float 3 has reached its lower position. The term "shortly before or shortly after" preferably refers to a range which, starting from the lower position, comprises less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, and more preferably less than 5% of the distance between the upper and lower positions.

[0137] Once the water has been drained from the float 3, the float valve 28 can be moved to its closed position. The float 3 is then preferably filled only with air. In the closed position, the float valve 28 preferably prevents water and / or ambient air from entering the float 3 and / or air from escaping the float 3.

[0138] The air valve 32 can be coupled to the float valve 28, particularly mechanically, in such a way that moving the float valve 28 into the open state opens the air valve 32 and moving the float valve 28 into the closed state closes the air valve 32.

[0139] Furthermore, a method for operating a hydroelectric power plant 1, in particular as proposed, is presented. One chamber 2 is preferably, and in particular completely, filled, and the other chamber 2 is preferably, and in particular completely, emptied simultaneously.

[0140] The transfer valve 4 can then be opened until both chambers 2 have the same fill level. Preferably, the transfer valve 4 is opened until both chambers 2 are half full. The floats 3 are then in a central position.

[0141] Preferably, the linear motion of the floating body, especially for power generation, is converted into a rotary motion. Reference symbol list: 1 hydroelectric power plant 2 chamber 3 floats 4 Transfer valve 5 Rack and pinion 6 Drive gear 7 Output gear 8 rack tooth 9 Freewheel 10 Outer ring 11 freewheel tooth 12 Locking pawl 13a Output shaft 13b Output shaft 14 spring element 15 Generator 16 Storage facility 17 Inlet valve 18 Containment device 19 Drain valve 20 Water pump 21 Pump 22 outdoor area 23 Lift flap 24 Counter-element 25 Longitudinal area 26 Cross area 27 rolls 28 Float valve 29 internal volume 30 Underside 31 Top 32 Air valve A chamber axis B Horizontal axis H Chamber height L Longitudinal direction S1 Front surface S2 front surface Z1 timing belt ZR timing belt pulley

Claims

[1] Hydroelectric power station with two chambers (2), wherein a floating body (3) movable in the vertical direction is arranged in each of the chambers (2), wherein the hydroelectric power plant (1) is designed to fill the chambers (2) with water, in particular alternately, and to drain water from the chambers (2) in such a way that the floating bodies (3) are moved in opposite directions to each other and / or have an opposite arrangement within the chambers (2) to each other, wherein the hydroelectric power plant (1) is designed to convert the linear floating body movement into a rotary movement, characterized by , that the floating body (3) has at least one buoyancy flap (23) pivotable about a horizontal axis (B) on an outer surface (22) which is vertical in the installed state, that the buoyancy flap (23) can be brought from a buoyancy position, in which the buoyancy flap (23) forms a smaller angle with the horizontal than with the vertical, into a basic position in which the buoyancy flap (23) forms a smaller angle with the vertical than with the horizontal. [2] Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1, characterized by that the two chambers (2) are connected via a transfer valve (4) for introducing water from one chamber (2) into the other chamber (2), preferably that the transfer valve (4) connects the chambers (2) to one another at half the chamber height (H) or below the middle of the chamber height (H). [3] Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat the floating bodies (3) are each coupled to a rack (5) for transmitting the linear floating body movement to an output gear (6, 7). [4] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by in that the floating bodies (3) are each coupled to a rack (5) with rack teeth (8) arranged on opposite sides for transmitting the linear floating body movement to a first output gear (6) and a second output gear (7) arranged on the opposite side of the rack (5), wherein the first and second output gears (6, 7) each have a freewheel (9) in one direction of rotation, so that a torque can be transmitted via the first output gear (6) during an upward movement of the floating body (3) and via the second output gear (7) during a downward movement of the floating body (3). [5] Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized bythat the first output gear (6) and the second output gear (7) are each connected to an output shaft (13a, 13b) via a freewheel (9), and / or that the first output gears (6) are each connected to a common first output shaft (13a) via a freewheel (9), that the second output gears (7) are each connected to a common second output shaft (13b) via a freewheel (9), and that the common first output shaft (13a) and the common second output shaft (13b) are mechanically coupled to one another via a transmission means, in particular a toothed belt (Z1). [6] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized by that the output gears (6, 7) are coupled or can be coupled to a generator (15), in particular a gearless ring generator. [7] Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 6, characterized bythat the first output gear (6) and the second output gear (7) can be coupled to the generator (15), wherein in each case the first output gear (6) or the second output gear (7) of an associated floating body (3) is drive-technically coupled to the generator (15). [8] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the hydroelectric power plant (1) has a storage device (16) for providing water and for supplying water into the chambers (2), preferably that the two chambers (2) are each fluidically connected to the storage device (16) via an inlet valve (17). [9] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a collecting device (18) for receiving water from the chambers (2) is arranged below the chambers (2), preferably that the two chambers (2) are each fluidically connected to the collecting device (18) via a drain valve (19). [10] Hydroelectric power plant according to claim 9 and optionally according to claim 8, characterized by that a water pump (20) is provided for conveying water from the collecting device (18) into the chambers (2) and / or the storage device (16). [11] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the two chambers (2) are connected to one another via a feed pump (21) in such a way that water can be pumped from one chamber (2) into the other chamber (2), in particular in order to completely empty one chamber (2) and completely fill the other chamber (2). [12] Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat in the region of a lower end face (S2) of the chamber (2) a counter element (24) is arranged, which can be brought into engagement with the buoyancy flap (23) when the floating body (3) is lowered in such a way that the buoyancy flap (23) is transferred into the buoyancy position.

13. Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the chamber (2) has a rectangular cross-section, that the floating body (3) is cuboid-shaped, that the floating body (3) has two vertically arranged longitudinal surfaces (25) and two vertically arranged transverse surfaces (26) in the installed state, and that at least one buoyancy flap (23) is arranged on at least one longitudinal surface (25), preferably that at least two buoyancy flaps (23) are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction on at least one longitudinal surface (25) and that the buoyancy flaps (23) are connected to one another in such a way that the buoyancy flaps (23) assigned to the longitudinal surface (25) can be pivoted together.

13. Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that on at least one outer surface (22), in particular a transverse surface (26), at least one roller (27) is arranged, which roller rests against an inner side of the chamber (2).

14. Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the floating body (3) is designed as a hollow body, that the floating body (3) has a floating body valve (28) which can be brought from an open position, in which access to an internal volume (29) of the floating body (3) is released, into a closed position, in which access to the internal volume (29) is closed in a fluid-tight manner.

15. A method for operating a hydroelectric power plant according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydroelectric power plant (1) has two chambers (2), wherein a floating body (3) movable in the vertical direction is arranged in each of the chambers (2), comprehensively the steps in particular complete filling of one chamber (2) and, preferably simultaneous, in particular complete, emptying of the other chamber (2), and Converting the linear float movement into a rotational movement, characterized by , that the floating body (3) has at least one buoyancy flap (23) pivotable about a horizontal axis (B) on an outer surface (22) which is vertical in the installed state, that the buoyancy flap (23) is brought from a buoyancy position in which the buoyancy flap (23) forms a smaller angle with the horizontal than with the vertical, into a basic position in which the buoyancy flap (23) forms a smaller angle with the vertical than with the horizontal.

Images