Motor vehicle door handle and motor vehicle door

Abstract

The invention relates to a door handle (14) of a motor vehicle (2), comprising a base module (18) on which a handle shell (20) having a body (24) is movably mounted. The handle shell (20) has an antenna (28) and the base module (18) has evaluation electronics (42), wherein the antenna (28) and the evaluation electronics (42) are coupled by means of an inductive coupling device (38) comprising a first conductor (32) associated with the handle shell (20) and a second conductor (36) associated with the base module (18). The invention further relates to a door (8) of a motor vehicle (2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a door handle of a motor vehicle and a door of a motor vehicle with a corresponding door handle. The door handle has a handle shell movably mounted on a base module.

[0002] Motor vehicles usually have several doors through which access to the interior of the vehicle is possible. For this purpose, the door is usually adjusted, for example pivoted, relative to the body of the vehicle that encloses the interior. To facilitate operation, each door usually has a door handle with a base module connected to a door body. An outward-facing handle shell is movably mounted on this. By moving the handle shell relative to the base module, a mechanism is actuated, for example, which releases a lock from the body, thus opening the door relative to the body. The handle shell also provides the user with a point of engagement, which subsequently makes it easier to pivot the door relative to the body.

[0003] Motor vehicles are also increasingly equipped with communication devices that enable communication with a radio key or similar device. The communication device monitors the presence of the radio key in the vicinity of the vehicle, and when it is detected, the vehicle is unlocked. The radio key is detected primarily using electromagnetic waves. Since the body is usually made of metal, the antenna used to receive the electromagnetic waves must be located outside the area surrounded by the body. For this purpose, the communication device is usually located in the handle shell, allowing it to be manufactured as a module.A plug connection is used for electrical contact with the other components of the motor vehicle, whereby the communication device is assigned a cable with corresponding plugs, which are plugged into corresponding mating plugs of a cable held in place on the bodywork during assembly.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable door handle of a motor vehicle and a particularly suitable door of a motor vehicle, wherein assembly is advantageously simplified and wherein susceptibility to errors and / or manufacturing costs are expediently reduced.

[0005] With regard to the door handle, this object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and with regard to the door by the features of claim 9. Advantageous further developments and refinements are the subject of the respective subclaims.

[0006] The door handle is a component of a motor vehicle and is suitable, expediently provided, and configured for this purpose. In other words, the door handle, when assembled, is a component of the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle is, in particular, land-based and preferably designed with multiple lanes. In this case, it is suitably possible to position the motor vehicle essentially freely, in particular on a corresponding roadway. For this purpose, the motor vehicle expediently has corresponding wheels. In summary, it is preferably possible to position the motor vehicle essentially independently of other conditions on land. In other words, the motor vehicle is suitably not rail-guided. Preferably, the motor vehicle is a passenger car (car) or a commercial vehicle, such as a lorry (truck) or bus.

[0007] The door handle comprises a base module and a handle shell movably mounted thereon. For example, the handle shell is mounted on the base module for partial transverse movement. Particularly preferably, however, pivoting of the handle shell relative to the base module is also possible. For example, the pivot axis is essentially horizontal or vertical in the assembled state. For example, the door handle comprises a device, such as a spring, by means of which a force is applied to the handle shell. Thus, the handle shell is essentially always in the same position as long as the door handle is not operated.

[0008] The handle shell serves in particular as an engagement point for a user of the motor vehicle. Preferably, the handle shell forms at least a section of an outer side of the motor vehicle in the assembled state. The base module, on the other hand, is arranged, for example, in such a way that it is essentially invisible. At least, however, the base module serves as a connection point to a door body of the door. In other words, the base module is expediently suitable, in particular intended and configured, to be rigidly mounted on any door body of the door, for example on a door module. Expediently, the base module has corresponding stops between which the handle shell can be moved relative to the base module. Due to the stops, a defined movement of the handle shell relative to the base module occurs. The stops also introduce force into the base module and, via this, in particular into the door body.Thus, when the handle is pulled, the door body is moved. The handle forms the grip of the door handle.

[0009] The handle shell, in particular, has a body. The body, in particular, determines the shape of the handle shell. In particular, the body at least partially forms the exterior of the motor vehicle. The body is preferably colored in a color similar to the motor vehicle. For example, the door handle comprises a mechanism or is suitable, in particular intended and configured, for actuating a mechanism. When the handle shell is pivoted relative to the base module, the mechanism is actuated, which, for example, leads to the release of an engagement of a lock associated with the door.

[0010] The door handle further comprises an antenna and evaluation electronics, which are coupled to one another, in particular electrically and / or signal-wise, so that an exchange of signals / data between them is preferably possible. The evaluation electronics are suitable, in particular provided and configured, to operate the antenna. The radio signals received by the antenna are expediently evaluated and / or further processed. The evaluation electronics also apply signals to the antenna, so that corresponding electromagnetic waves are emitted by the antenna.

[0011] In summary, the antenna serves to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves, which are evaluated and / or provided by the evaluation electronics. In particular, a communication device is provided by means of the antenna and the evaluation electronics. Preferably, the communication device or at least the antenna / evaluation electronics complies with a specific standard, for example, a Bluetooth standard, in particular "Bluetooth Low Energy" (BLE), an "Ultra Wide Band" standard (UWB), or a "Near Field Communication" standard (NFC). Suitably, the antenna has a corresponding impedance for the respective frequencies used.

[0012] The antenna is, for example, straight or curved. Alternatively, the antenna is at least partially formed by an electrical coil. The antenna is a component of the handle shell, so that, in its intended state, it is located outside the body of the motor vehicle. The evaluation electronics, however, are a component of the base module. In other words, the communication device, in particular, is thus divided between the handle shell and the base module. Preferably, the passive parts of the communication device are assigned to the handle shell, and the active parts of the communication device are assigned to the base module.

[0013] The antenna and the evaluation electronics are coupled to one another via an inductive coupling device. In other words, the exchange of data / signals between the antenna and the base module takes place via the coupling device. The coupling device is designed inductively, so that a contactless exchange of data / signals takes place. For this purpose, the coupling device has a first and a second conductor which are inductively coupled to one another in the intended state. In particular, these are arranged next to one another for this purpose. The first conductor is assigned to the handle shell, whereas the second conductor is assigned to the base module. In other words, the handle shell has the first conductor and the base module has the second conductor. The two conductors are therefore mounted so that they can move relative to one another, which is why, depending on the position of the handle shell relative to the base module, the orientation of the two conductors relative to one another also changes.

[0014] Because the antenna is attached to the handle, it is located outside the body. This improves the reception and transmission of electromagnetic waves into the vehicle's surroundings, while only low transmission power is required. Because the evaluation electronics are part of the base module, they are relatively protected when installed, thus reducing susceptibility to errors. Due to the inductive coupling device, no mechanical stress is placed on the coupling device when the handle is moved relative to the base module, thus reducing wear and tear and reducing susceptibility to errors. To create the signal connection between the antenna and the evaluation electronics, all that is required is an appropriate arrangement of the two conductors relative to one another, which simplifies installation.At least no direct mechanical connection is required, simplifying assembly. Furthermore, no corresponding customized mechanical connecting elements, such as connectors, are required, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0015] When assembled, the evaluation electronics are connected in particular to a bus system or other components of the motor vehicle. The connecting elements used for this are generally not subject to any particular stress, which is why comparatively inexpensive components can be used. During assembly, for example, it is also possible to first mount the base module on the door body (if any) and then connect it to the other components of the motor vehicle in terms of signaling. This requires a comparatively large assembly space. Subsequently, the handle shell in particular is mounted to the base module, whereby only a mechanical connection is required. This does not require any electrical cables to be connected between the antenna and the evaluation electronics, for example in the form of a plug, which simplifies assembly given the limited space available.Therefore, when disassembling, essentially only the handle shell needs to be removed, whereas disconnecting electrical cables is not necessary. Also, if the handle shell is damaged, for example, only the comparatively inexpensive antenna is damaged, whereas the evaluation electronics are arranged comparatively securely. Tampering with the evaluation electronics is also made more difficult due to the protected location, which therefore increases security. Since the evaluation electronics are arranged in the base module, only comparatively few signals / data are transmitted via the coupling device. These signals essentially correspond to those used to directly operate the antenna. This means that no evaluation and / or processing is required on the handle shell side, which in particular means that no additional power supply is required for the handle shell. This further simplifies the design.

[0016] For example, the handle shell can be moved relative to the base module by a comparatively large amount, at least in sections by more than 1 cm or 2 cm. In particular, a maximum mobility is less than 10 cm. Alternatively, the handle shell is mounted so that it can move by a comparatively small amount, for example by less than 5 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm. In this case, however, the mobility is expediently greater than 0.01 mm. This simplifies the design. In particular, the door handle is designed as a so-called "wing" or "access module". For example, the movable mounting is due to a play when connecting the handle shell to the base module. Alternatively, a play is increased so that a corresponding mobility is realized.Conveniently, the coupling device is located in an area that is only moved by a comparatively small amount, even when the handle shell is fully adjusted relative to the base module. This reduces the load on the coupling device and simplifies the design, with the inductive coupling essentially always existing regardless of the position of the handle shell relative to the base module. In particular, the coupling device lies at least partially on the pivot axis, if any.

[0017] For example, the first conductor is formed by means of a wire and / or an electrical coil. However, the first conductor is particularly preferably a component of a printed circuit board that is connected to the body. In this case, the first conductor is formed, for example, by means of a conductor track or an electrically conductive surface that is in particular electrically contacted with a conductor track. Due to the printed circuit board, mounting of the first conductor on the body is thus simplified, while nevertheless providing a comparatively large electrically conductive surface that has a defined shape. Inductive coupling is thus improved. In other words, the accuracy of the coupling device is increased. Connecting the antenna to the first conductor is also simplified. In particular, the printed circuit board comprises a plug or the like with which the antenna is electrically contacted.In particular, a mating connector of a cable is plugged into this, which ends in the antenna. Alternatively, the antenna is, for example, a component of the circuit board or formed by a component arranged thereon. For example, the circuit board is rigid. Alternatively, it is designed as a flexible circuit board, thus enabling comparatively efficient use of space. For example, the second conductor is formed by a wire and / or an electrical coil. However, it is particularly preferred that the second conductor is also a component of a circuit board. This enables comparatively precise positioning of the two conductors relative to one another.

[0018] For example, the first conductor is attached to the body, for example, by means of an adhesive or a fastening device. However, the first conductor is particularly preferably overmolded by the body of the door handle. In this case, the body is made, in particular, of a plastic, and the first conductor, for example, the circuit board, is thus embedded in it. In this case, the body is made, in particular, of solid material. This provides a comparatively robust handle shell, simplifying production.

[0019] Alternatively, or particularly preferably in combination with overmolding the first conductor, the antenna is also overmolded by the body of the door handle. Thus, it is protected by the body, which also increases robustness. In one refinement, for example, the first conductor is attached to the outside of the body, enabling a comparatively efficient inductive coupling with the second conductor. It is also possible to position the coupling device appropriately and, for example, to offset it relative to the body, so that, for example, only a slight movement occurs when the handle shell is moved relative to the base module.

[0020] In one alternative, for example, the body is designed as a hollow body or, for example, consists of several parts. In this case, the body has, for example, a holding structure which is preferably made of metal, which increases robustness. The holding structure is in particular surrounded by a plastic shell or the like. For example, the first conductor and / or the antenna are surrounded by the body. For example, the body comprises corresponding fastening devices for this purpose. Particularly preferably, the first conductor and / or the antenna are adhesively bonded to the body. In this case, the first conductor / antenna are each made, for example, from a flexible circuit board or the like. In an alternative to this, for example, the first conductor and / or the antenna are vapor-deposited onto the body, so that no additional components are required. In this way, a comparatively robust connection to the body is also realized.In particular, the body is enclosed by a suitable cover, such as a plastic shell, thus improving the visual appearance. In another alternative, the first conductor / antenna is produced, for example, by targeted ablation of a conductive material, e.g., by lasering, from a carrier material.

[0021] For example, depending on the position of the handle shell relative to the base module, the door lock, if any, is operated, and / or a corresponding request to operate the lock is issued by means of the door handle. For example, the position of the handle shell relative to the base module is derived depending on the inductive coupling of the first conductor with the second conductor. In other words, a value characterizing the (current) inductive coupling between the two conductors, such as a signal strength, is determined, and from this, in particular, the position of the two conductors relative to each other and thus the position of the handle shell relative to the body is derived. This means that comparatively few components are required, and robustness is increased.

[0022] Alternatively, the door handle comprises a position sensor, by means of which the position of the handle shell relative to the base module can be determined. The position sensor is suitable, in particular provided and configured, for this purpose. For example, the position sensor is designed mechanically. Particularly preferably, the position sensor is designed to be contactless, so that the position of the handle shell relative to the base module can be determined, in particular without contact. An active part of the position sensor is assigned to the base module and a passive part of the position sensor is assigned to the handle shell. In this case, no power supply to the passive part is required for the operation of the position sensor. Also, no data / signals are generated by the passive part that would have to be read out. In summary, no electrical supply to the handle shell is required.

[0023] For example, the position sensor is a capacitive sensor or at least operates according to the capacitive principle. In this case, the passive part serves, in particular, as a reference electrode and / or a specific permittivity is provided by means of the passive part, with the active part comprising an electrode to which an alternating voltage is suitably applied during operation of the position sensor. Preferably, a field change is detected by means of the position sensor when the position of the passive part changes relative to the active part.

[0024] Alternatively, the position sensor is, in particular, an inductive sensor. The active part expediently comprises an electrical coil, and the passive part is electrically conductive. For example, the passive part is an electrically conductive surface, which is, however, in particular insulated from other components of the handle shell. During operation, the electrical coil is subjected to an alternating voltage, creating a time-varying magnetic field that leads to the induction of alternating currents in the passive part. This, in turn, creates further magnetic fields that determine the effective inductance of the electrical coil. The effective inductance depends on the distance between the electrical coil and the passive part. An oscillating circuit comprising the electrical coil is formed by means of the active part, wherein the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit depends on the distance between the passive part and the active part.In particular, the resonant circuit is operated at the resonant frequency. If the position of the passive part relative to the active part changes, the resonant frequency shifts, which is particularly detected. This is usefully used to determine the position of the handle relative to the base module, or at least the change in position.

[0025] In summary, the passive part of the position sensor is, in particular, a metallic insert and / or a target provided by the grip shell. In particular, the passive part is attached to the body of the grip shell or embedded in it. For example, the passive part is formed at least partially by a support insert or any retaining structure. Thus, fewer components are required, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0026] The position of the handle shell can change, for example, when the door handle is manually operated and the handle shell is pivoted relative to the base module. Alternatively, or in combination with this, a change in position is also possible, for example, if a user touches the handle shell in a specific pattern, particularly by performing a gesture such as repeatedly knocking. In this case, only a comparatively small change in position occurs, which is also detected by the position sensor.

[0027] For example, the door handle comprises a sensor system associated with the position sensor. Alternatively, the active part of the position sensor, in particular the electrical coil and / or the electrode, is electrically connected to the evaluation electronics and operated by means of the latter. This requires fewer components, which further reduces manufacturing costs. It is also possible, in particular, to operate the position sensor and the antenna in a coordinated manner, in particular at different times, so that unwanted interaction and / or interference between them is avoided. This reduces the risk of errors, improves the operation of the position sensor and the antenna, and increases the accuracy of their respective operations.

[0028] For example, the base module comprises only the active part, by means of which, depending on the design of the position sensor, the corresponding electromagnetic field is created. However, the base module particularly preferably comprises a metallic guide element for guiding an electromagnetic field created during operation of the position sensor. In this case, the electronic field serves in particular to couple the active part to the passive part. The metallic guide element thus enables a comparatively efficient guiding of the field created by the active part to the passive part. Furthermore, other components of the door handle and / or the motor vehicle are at least partially shielded from the electromagnetic field, thus improving electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, the electrical energy required for operating the position sensor is reduced and efficiency increased.For example, the base module may comprise a single such guide element or, for example, several such guide elements, which improves / simplifies the shaping of the electromagnetic field. Depending on the arrangement, the guide element is made of a ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic material.

[0029] For example, the metallic guide element is embedded in other components of the base module or arranged on its surface. Particularly preferably, the guide element is formed by a spring, by means of which the handle shell is supported. In other words, the spring serves to support the handle shell on other components of the base module. When the handle shell moves relative to the base module, the springs are particularly tensioned, so that after the handle shell has been subjected to the force, in particular manual force, the acting spring force returns it to its original position. In particular, the handle shell is held there by a stop. In other words, the handle shell is pressed against the stop by the spring. This creates a comparatively defined position for the handle shell.The spring is, for example, a coil spring or, more preferably, a leaf spring, which simplifies the design. The spring provides two functions, thus reducing the number of components required for the door handle. This reduces manufacturing costs and simplifies production.

[0030] For example, the handle shell can only be adjusted manually with respect to the base module. However, the door handle particularly preferably comprises an adjustment motor, by means of which the handle shell is driven with respect to the base module. In this case, the adjustment motor is expediently a component of the base module. Thus, no electrical connection to the handle shell is required. Expediently, the adjustment motor first drives a gear, such as a worm gear, which in turn drives the handle shell. In this case, a length-adjustable component, such as a spindle, is arranged, in particular, between the handle shell and the gear.

[0031] The adjustment motor is expediently operated so that the handle is adjusted, particularly outward relative to the base module, when the approach of a user is detected, particularly a radio key or another object carried by the user. The antenna and the evaluation electronics are used for this purpose. The extended handle facilitates manual operation of the door. If the user grasps the handle, it is adjusted further, for example, or, more preferably, further adjustment is not possible.

[0032] In particular, the force applied by the user is thus transmitted to other components of the door, such as the door body, so that the door is adjusted relative to the body. Alternatively, slight movement is still possible, for example by less than 1 mm. This is detected in particular by means of any position sensor, and an electrical signal is generated. In particular, depending on this signal, any lock is actuated, so that an engagement with the body is released. Alternatively, or in combination with this, for example, a further electric motor is operated, by means of which the door is adjusted in particular relative to other components of the motor vehicle, the body.

[0033] The door is a component of a motor vehicle and is therefore suitable, in particular intended and configured, to be mounted on other components of the motor vehicle, such as preferably a body. The door is, for example, a side door, a trunk, a hood or a so-called frunk of the motor vehicle. The door has a door body which is, for example, adjustably mounted relative to a door frame. The door frame is formed, for example, by a body of the motor vehicle. At least, however, in the intended state, the door body is adjustably mounted relative to the body of the motor vehicle. For example, the door body is mounted so as to be at least partially longitudinally displaceable, so that the door is a sliding door.Alternatively, or in combination with this, the door body is pivotally mounted relative to the body, at least in the assembled state, preferably by means of one or more hinges. The door frame, which is, for example, a component of the door or the body, completely or only partially surrounds the door body when the door is closed. In particular, the door frame is a component of an A-pillar or C-pillar of the motor vehicle body or is at least partially formed therewith.

[0034] The door body has, for example, an outer skin, which is formed, for example, by a sheet metal part or a plastic part. A door module is attached to the outer skin, in particular on the inside, by means of which further components of the door are accommodated. A door panel, also referred to as a door card, is preferably located on the inside of the door module. A window pane is preferably movably mounted on the door body. In particular, the door comprises an electric window lifter, which includes an electric motor by means of which the window pane is driven relative to the door body, so that the window pane can be adjusted by an electric motor.

[0035] The door has a door handle. The door handle serves in particular to operate the door, for which the door handle is expediently suitable, preferably provided, and configured. The door handle has a base module on which a handle shell comprising a body is movably mounted. The handle shell has an antenna, and the base module has evaluation electronics. The antenna and the evaluation electronics are coupled by means of an inductive coupling device, for example, signal-transmitting and / or electrically. The coupling device has a first conductor assigned to the handle shell and a second conductor assigned to the base module.

[0036] In particular, any outer skin is arranged between the door handle and the base module. A control unit is expediently assigned to the door handle. For example, the control unit may operate only the evaluation electronics and / or the position sensor, or the control unit may include the evaluation electronics. The control unit is expediently a component of another control unit, for example, a door control unit or a lock control unit, in particular a lock module.

[0037] Suitably, the evaluation electronics for operating the antenna are controlled during operation of the control unit. In particular, the antenna monitors the approach of a user, who is carrying a suitable radio key, key card, or smartphone. Preferably, communication between these devices occurs. The control unit also monitors, in particular, whether the handle shell is moved relative to the base module. Depending on this, the lock (if present) and / or the electric motor (if present) are activated, for example, so that the door is adjusted.

[0038] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising such a door. The motor vehicle expediently has several such doors. The motor vehicle is, in particular, land-based and is, for example, a lorry, bus, or preferably a passenger car.

[0039] The further developments and advantages explained in connection with the door handle can also be transferred to the door / vehicle as well as to each other and vice versa.

[0040] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In the drawings: Fig. 1 schematically shows a side view of a motor vehicle with a door having a door handle, Fig. 2 in a horizontal sectional view simplified the door handle, which includes a coupling device, Fig. 3 schematically simplified a modification of the coupling device, Fig. 4 schematically simplified a position sensor of the door handle, Fig. 5 according to Fig. 4 a further development of the door handle, Fig. 6 a further development of the coupling device and the position sensor, and Fig. 7, Fig. 8 according to Fig. 2 alternative designs of the door handle.

[0041] Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

[0042] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of a motor vehicle 2 in the form of a passenger car (car). The motor vehicle 2 has several wheels 4, by means of which contact is made with a road surface (not shown in detail). The wheels 4 are connected by means of a chassis to a body 6 of the motor vehicle 2, which is partially constructed from sheet metal. The body 6 encloses an interior space.

[0043] The motor vehicle 2 has several doors 8, namely a total of four identical side doors, of which only one is shown here. The door 8 has a door body 10, which is pivotally mounted on the body 6 by means of a hinge 12. This makes it possible to pivot the door body 10 relative to the body 6 and thus cover or uncover an opening in the body 6, so that access to the interior is permitted or denied. To operate the door 8, it has a door handle 14, which is attached to the outside of the door body 10.

[0044] To prevent unauthorized access to the motor vehicle 2, the door 8 includes a lock 16 attached to the door body 10. The lock 16 has a door latch that can be brought into engagement with a corresponding receptacle in the body 6. In this case, pivoting of the door body 10 is not possible. By adjusting the door latch, the engagement is released, and pivoting of the door body 10 relative to the body 6 is possible.

[0045] In Fig. 2 shows a schematically simplified horizontal sectional view of the door handle 14. The door handle 14 has a base module 18 and a handle shell 20. The base module 18 is rigidly attached to the door body 10, specifically in the example to an outer skin of the door body 10, which is formed by a sheet metal. The base module 18 is located on the side facing the interior of the motor vehicle 2. The handle shell 20 comprises a substantially arcuate body 24 and is largely offset outwards with respect to the door body 10. The ends of the body 24 protrude through corresponding openings 22 in the door body 10. The body is designed as a solid body and made of a plastic. At one of the ends of the body 24, the body is mounted on the base module 18 by means of a bearing (not shown in detail) so that it can pivot about a vertical pivot axis 26. Thus, the handle shell 20 is movably mounted on the base module 18.

[0046] An antenna 28 is embedded in the body 24 and is located on the side of the outer skin opposite the base module 18. The handle shell 20 thus has the antenna 28, which is overmolded by the body 24 of the handle shell 20. The antenna 28 is completely surrounded on the circumference by the body 24. The antenna 28 is formed by a conductor loop. The antenna 28 is electrically contacted by a line 30 with a first conductor 32, which is also overmolded by the body 24 of the handle shell 20 and is formed by a metal plate or a wire. The first conductor 32 is located at the end of the curved handle shell 20 facing away from the pivot axis 26, specifically on the side of the outer skin facing the interior of the motor vehicle 2. Here, the first conductor 32 is introduced into a widened section of the body 24, to which two stops 34 are also assigned.The pivoting movement of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18 about the pivot axis 26 is limited by means of the two stops 34 and the widened section of the body 24, and the stops 34 are components of the base module 18.

[0047] The door handle 14 further comprises a second conductor 36, which is arranged parallel to the first conductor 32 and, like the first conductor, is provided by a metal plate or a wire section. In the variant shown, one of the stops 34 is arranged between the two conductors 32, 36. In an embodiment not shown, the second conductor 36 is embedded in one of the stops 34 and thus protected. The first and second conductors 32, 36 are mechanically separated from one another but inductively coupled to one another. Thus, the two conductors 32, 36 are components of an inductive coupling device 38. The second conductor 36 is coupled to an evaluation electronics unit 42 by means of a further line 40. The evaluation electronics unit 42 is a component of the base module 18. In summary, the handle shell 20 thus comprises the antenna 28, and the base module 18 comprises the evaluation electronics unit 42.The antenna 28 and the evaluation electronics 42 are coupled by means of the inductive coupling device 38, so that the antenna 28 can be operated by means of the evaluation electronics 42. The handle shell 20 comprises the first conductor 32, and the base module 18 comprises the second conductor 36.

[0048] In order to transmit signals, an alternating voltage is provided by the evaluation electronics 42, the signals to be transmitted being encoded in the alternating voltage. The alternating voltage is applied to the second conductor 36, and due to the inductive coupling with the first conductor 32, a corresponding electrical voltage is induced in the latter. Via the line 30, this is also applied to the antenna 28, by means of which the electromagnetic waves corresponding to the electrical voltage are transmitted into the environment of the motor vehicle 2. When electromagnetic waves are received by the antenna 28, an alternating voltage is carried by the latter, so that the alternating voltage is applied to the first conductor 32. This voltage is induced in the second conductor 36, so that it is applied to the evaluation electronics 42, by means of which a corresponding evaluation takes place.Thus, there is no direct mechanical connection to the signal connection of the handle shell 20, in particular the antenna 28, with the base module 18, in particular the evaluation electronics 42.

[0049] The evaluation electronics 42 and the antenna 28 form a communication device that complies with a specific Bluetooth standard, namely BLE. During operation, the communication device identifies an object carried by a user 40, such as a radio key. If appropriate identification has been performed, the lock 16 is actuated, meaning that the door latch is released. If the user 44 subsequently pulls on the handle 20, the door latch is moved by a mechanism not shown in detail, releasing engagement with the body 6. The maximum movement of the handle 20 is limited by the two stops 34. When the handle 20 rests against the corresponding stop 34, the force further applied by the user 44 is transmitted to the base module 18 and the door body 20, causing the door to be manually adjusted.

[0050] In Fig. 3 shows a modification of the coupling device 38, wherein the connection of the handle shell 20 to the base module 18, which is not shown, has not been changed. The antenna 28 and the evaluation electronics 42, also not shown, have not been changed. The first conductor 32 is a component of a printed circuit board 46 connected to the outside of the body 20 and arranged parallel to the stop 34. The printed circuit board 46 is annular and surrounds the body 24, as does the first conductor 32, which is designed in a spiral shape or in the manner of a planar coil. The first conductor 32 is formed by a conductor track of the printed circuit board 46.

[0051] Attached to one of the stops 34 is a further circuit board 48, which is parallel to the circuit board 46. The further circuit board 48 is also ring-shaped and surrounds the circuit board 46. The second conductor 36 is formed by the further circuit board 48, for which the further circuit board 48 has a corresponding conductor track, which is also designed, for example, as a planar coil or spiral, so that a comparatively efficient inductive coupling between the two conductors 32, 36 is realized.

[0052] In Fig. 4 is another variant of the door handle 14 according to the illustration of Fig. 3, whereby the connection of the handle 20 to the base module 20, the antenna 28 and the evaluation electronics 42 are not shown. The coupling device 38, the cable 30 and the further cable 40 are also not shown. These are each, for example, according to the Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 shown variant of the door handle 14.

[0053] The door handle 14 additionally has a position sensor 50, which serves to contactlessly determine the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18, namely where the widened section of the body 24 is located between the two stops 34. A passive part 52 of the position sensor 50, namely an electrically conductive metal plate, is embedded in this section. This is electrically insulated from other components of the handle shell 20 by the body 24.

[0054] The position sensor 52 further comprises an active part 54, which is a component of the base module 18 and is connected to the evaluation electronics 42 via a cable not shown in detail. Thus, the position sensor 50 is also operated by the evaluation electronics 42. In summary, the active part 54 of the position sensor 50 is electrically connected to the evaluation electronics 42 and operated by it. The active part 54 of the position sensor 50 is assigned to the base module 18, and the passive part 52 of the position sensor 50 is assigned to the handle shell 20.

[0055] Here, the position sensor 50 is designed such that, during operation, an electromagnetic field 56 is created by the position sensor 50, namely the active part 54, which interacts with the passive part 52 of the position sensor 50. The type and strength of the interaction depends on the distance between the active part 54 and the passive part 52. Depending on the location of the widened section of the body 24 between the stops 34, the electromagnetic field 56 is deformed and the interaction changes. In this variant, the mechanical coupling between the handle shell 20 and the lock 16 is absent, and the lock 16 is designed as an electric motor. In other words, the door bolt of the lock 16 is driven by an associated electric motor. The electric motor is energized depending on the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18, as determined by the position sensor 50.

[0056] In one alternative, the position sensor 50 is designed as an inductive sensor. In this case, the active part 54 comprises an electrical coil to which an alternating voltage is applied during operation, creating a time-varying magnetic field by means of which the electromagnetic field 56 is provided. By means of the electromagnetic field 56, alternating currents are induced in the passive part 52, which also cause time-varying magnetic fields that interact with the electromagnetic field 56, resulting in an effective inductance of the electrical coil. The electrical coil is a component of an oscillating circuit of the active part 54, wherein the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit is always selected as the frequency of the applied alternating voltage. A circuit of the active part 54 (not shown in detail) is adapted for this purpose.In summary, the frequency of the alternating voltage depends on the effective inductance of the electrical coil and thus on the distance between the active part 54 and the passive part 52. If the distance changes, the resonance frequency changes, and based on this, it is possible to derive the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18.

[0057] A metallic guide element 58 is embedded in one of the stops 34, and in a variant not shown in detail, another such guide element 58 is also embedded in the other stop 34. Consequently, the base module 18 has the metallic guide element 58, which is an iron plate. The electromagnetic field 56 is shaped by means of the guide element 58 in such a way that a large part of the electromagnetic field 56 is located only between the two stops 34. In other words, the field lines of the electromagnetic field 56 are directed predominantly into the area between the two stops 34. This results in a comparatively efficient coupling between the active part 54 and the passive part 52. In addition, radiation of the electromagnetic field 56 into the environment is avoided or reduced, which is why electromagnetic compatibility is increased.

[0058] In an alternative embodiment, the position sensor 50 is designed as a capacitive sensor, and the active part 54 has an electrode to which an alternating voltage is applied during operation, and a capacitance of a sensor is determined by means of the electrode and a reference electrode (not shown in detail). The capacitance depends on the permittivity of the environment, which is also provided by the first part 52. In other words, the permittivity depends on the position of the first part 52 relative to the second part 54. During operation, the capacitance and thus the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18 can be determined at least implicitly by means of the evaluation electronics 42. Here, too, the guide element 58 serves to effectively guide and shield the electromagnetic field 56.

[0059] In Fig. 5 is a further development of the Fig. 4, the position sensor 50 is shown, with essentially only two additional leaf springs 60 being present. Otherwise, there are essentially no changes. In a variant not shown in detail, the springs 60 are constructed using a common wave spring washer or the like. At the very least, the springs 60 are made of iron or another ferromagnetic material. Since the springs 60 are made of a ferromagnetic material, they also act as a guide element 58 for the electromagnetic field 56.

[0060] The springs 60 are arranged between the widened section of the body 24 and one of the stops 34. The springs 60 are attached to this stop 34, so that the base module 18 has the spring 60. The widened section of the body 24 rests against this stop 34 via the spring 60 in a normal state, i.e., when no additional force acts on the handle shell 20, i.e., when the user 44 is not pulling on the door handle 14. Thus, the handle shell 20 is supported on the stop 34 by means of the springs 60. Due to the spring 60, at least a slight movement of the handle shell 20 further toward the interior of the motor vehicle 2 is also possible, wherein, due to the springs 60, the original position is resumed when the force decreases.

[0061] The movement of the handle shell 20 toward the interior of the motor vehicle 2 occurs when the user 44 performs a tapping gesture or a swiping gesture on the handle shell 20. These movements are detected by the position sensor 50 and the evaluation electronics 42. This is transmitted to an on-board computer of the motor vehicle 2 via a signal connection (not shown in detail), which executes a corresponding function depending on the respective gesture performed. As the widened section approaches the stop 34, the shape of the springs 60 is changed, so that in addition to changing the position of the passive part 52 relative to the active part 54, the shape of the electromagnetic field 56 is also changed by means of the springs 60. This enables a comparatively precise determination of the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18.

[0062] In Fig. 6 shows a detail of an enlarged further development of the door handle 14, wherein the coupling device 38 is essentially in accordance with the Fig. 3. Thus, the first conductor 32 is a component of the annular printed circuit board 46, which, as in the previous embodiment, surrounds the widened portion of the body 24. The printed circuit board 46 is surrounded by the further printed circuit board 48, which is also annular and has the second conductor 36.

[0063] The passive part 52 of the position sensor 50 is embedded in the widened section of the body 24. The active part 54 is a component of the further circuit board 48 and is connected to the side of the further circuit board 48 opposite the second conductor 36. Thus, the further circuit board 48 is populated on both sides. The design of the position sensor 50 essentially corresponds to that shown in Fig. 4. The metallic guide element 58 is now cup-shaped, with the cup opening facing the widened portion of the body 24. The edge of the guide element 58 is directed toward the active part 54, but is separated from it by the plastic of the stop 34, thus preventing a short circuit.

[0064] In this embodiment, the coupling device 38 is preferably operated alternately with the position sensor 50, thus enabling interference-free operation. The coupling device 38 and thus the antenna 28 are operated as long as the user 44 has not been recognized. If the user has been recognized and identified, i.e., authenticated, the antenna 28 is deactivated and the position sensor 50 is subsequently operated. After the corresponding authentication, further operation of the antenna 28 is not required, but monitoring for the presence of the gesture is. However, as long as the antenna 28 is operated, the user 44 is not yet authenticated. In this case, even if a change in position is detected by the position sensor 50, the lock 16 should not be activated accordingly.Thus, the operating times of the coupling device 38 and the position sensor 50 are disjoint from each other, which is why the alternating operation does not lead to any loss of comfort.

[0065] In Fig. Figure 7 shows a further development of the door handle 14. In this variant, the handle shell 20 is mounted transversely with respect to the base module 18. In other words, the pivot axes 26 are no longer present. Each end of the handle shell 20 is assigned two corresponding stops 34, between which they can be adjusted. One or more of the springs 60 are assigned to each of the two ends. The antenna 28 is also embedded in the body 24 and is signal-connected to the evaluation electronics 42 by means of the cable 30 and the coupling device 38, which is only rudimentarily shown. The evaluation electronics 42 also remains a component of the base module 18.

[0066] Two position sensors 50 are now present, each of which is also operated by the evaluation electronics 42. One of the position sensors 50 is assigned to each end of the handle shell 20. Due to the existing play, the user 44 can exert a force on each of the two ends of the handle shell 20, which leads to a slight movement of the respective end toward the interior of the motor vehicle 2 and thus to a slight tilting of the handle shell 20. Thus, with such a force applied, the position of the handle shell 20 relative to the base module 18 essentially only changes at one of the ends, which is detected by the respective position sensor 50. Depending on which of the two ends is moved, a different gesture is recognized.

[0067] The door handle 14 further includes an adjustment motor 62, which is a component of the base module 18. When the adjustment motor 62 is energized, the handle shell 20 is moved relative to the base module 18, uniformly, i.e., transversely. Tilting does not occur. For this purpose, the two ends of the handle shell 20 are driven by the adjustment motor 62 via a mechanism not shown in detail. In summary, the handle shell 20 is driven relative to the base module 18 by the adjustment motor 62.

[0068] If the motor vehicle 2 is moved, the handle shell 20 is offset towards the interior of the motor vehicle 2 so that the outer side of the handle shell 20 is flush with the door body 10. This reduces driving resistance. Even when the motor vehicle 2 is locked, the handle shell 20 has this position. Thus, the antenna 28 is not covered by other components of the body 6 of the motor vehicle 2, which is why the antenna 28 enables the transmission and reception of electromagnetic fields outside the motor vehicle 2. For example, if an approach of the user 44 by more than a threshold value is detected, the adjustment motor 62 is operated so that the handle shell 20 is moved outwards. This makes it easier for the user 44 to operate the door 8. It is then also easier for the user 40 to perform the corresponding gestures.

[0069] To ensure that the door handle 14 can still be operated by the user 44 if the approach of the user 44 was mistakenly not detected, the position sensors 50 monitor whether the handle shell 20 tilts accordingly. This occurs when the user 44 presses on one of the sides and the user 44 was not detected. One of the gestures, i.e., when one of the two sides is pressed, is assigned to unlocking the motor vehicle 2, and the other to locking.

[0070] In Fig.Figure 8 shows a further embodiment of the door handle 14. Compared to the previous embodiments, the handle shell 20 is essentially cuboid-shaped, but has an extension 64 pointing toward the interior of the motor vehicle 2, to which the bearing for pivotal mounting on the base module 18 is connected. Thus, the pivot axis 26 is again present, running vertically and arranged between the two ends of the body 24.

[0071] The antenna 28 is embedded in the body 24 and is electrically connected to the first conductor 32 of the coupling device 38 by means of the line 30. This is arranged in the region of the extension 64 and, when the handle shell 20 is flush with the outside of the door body 10, covers the second conductor 36, which is electrically and signal-wise connected to the evaluation electronics 42. The adjustment motor 62 is also present; when the adjustment motor 62 is operated, the handle shell 20 is pivoted about the pivot axis 26. The stops 34 are designed such that the handle shell 20 can be pivoted by up to 45°. As soon as the handle shell 20 is pivoted, the two conductors 32, 36 are no longer congruent with one another, and the inductive coupling is canceled.Thus, the coupling device 38 is essentially only operable when the handle shell 20 is retracted, i.e. when it is arranged flush with the door body 10.

[0072] The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all individual features described in connection with the individual exemplary embodiments can also be combined with one another in other ways without departing from the subject matter of the invention. List of reference symbols 2 motor vehicles 4 wheel 6 Body 8 Door 10 door bodies 12 Hinge 14 Door handle 16 Castle 18 Basic module 20 handle scales 22 Opening 24 bodies 26 Swivel axis 28 Antenna 30 Line 32 first leader 34 stop 36 second leader 38 Coupling device 40 additional lines 42 Evaluation electronics 44 users 46 circuit board 48 additional circuit boards 50 Position sensor 52 passive part 54 active part 56 electromagnetic field 58 Guide element 60 spring 62 Adjustment motor 64 extension

Claims

[1] Door handle (14) of a motor vehicle (2), with a base module (18) on which a handle shell (20) having a body (24) is movably mounted, wherein the handle shell (20) has an antenna (28) and the base module (18) has evaluation electronics (42), and wherein the antenna (28) and the evaluation electronics (42) are coupled by means of an inductive coupling device (38) which comprises a first conductor (32) assigned to the handle shell (20) and a second conductor (36) assigned to the base module (18). [2] Door handle (14) according to claim 1, characterized by that the first conductor (32) is a component of a printed circuit board (46) connected to the body (20). [3] Door handle (14) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the first conductor (32) and / or the antenna (28) are overmolded by means of the body (24) of the handle shell (20). [4] Door handle (14) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, a position sensor (50) for contactless determination of a position of the handle shell (20) relative to the base module (18), wherein an active part (54) of the position sensor (50) is assigned to the base module (18) and a passive part (52) of the position sensor (50) is assigned to the handle shell (20). [5] Door handle (14) according to claim 4, characterized by that the active part (54) of the position sensor (50) is electrically connected to the evaluation electronics (42) and operated by means of this. [6] Door handle (14) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by that the base module (18) comprises a metallic guide element (58) for guiding an electromagnetic field (56) created during operation of the position sensor (50). [7] Door handle (14) according to claim 6, characterized by that the guide element (58) is formed by means of a spring (60) by means of which the handle shell (20) is supported. [8] Door handle (14) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, an adjusting motor (62) by means of which the handle shell (20) is driven relative to the base module (18). [9] Door (8) of a motor vehicle (2), comprising a door body (10) and a door handle (20) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the base module (18) is attached to the door body (10).

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