Braking device for a vehicle and motor vehicle with such a braking device

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking device (2) for a vehicle with at least one brake disc (4) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (6) and which comprises at least one friction layer (8) subject to wear, which forms a braking surface (10), with at least one braking means (12) which, when the vehicle is braking, bears against the friction layer (8) of the brake disc (4) in a contacting manner and thus generates wear, with at least one planar covering means (14) which is fixed in a stationary and rotationally fixed manner with respect to the vehicle, which extends substantially parallel to the brake disc (4) and is arranged at a distance from the brake disc (4) without contact, and with at least one magnet unit (16) which comprises at least one magnet means (18) by which magnetic or magnetizable brake dust (20), in particular from the friction layer (8) and / or from the braking means (12), can be magnetically attracted,wherein at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) is fixed on or in the disc-shaped cover means (14) on the side of the cover means (14) facing the brake disc (4).

Description

The invention relates to a brake device for a vehicle and to a motor vehicle having such a brake device.Vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, comprise brake devices on their wheel devices in order to decelerate a movement of the vehicle. During operation of the vehicle, in particular during braking of the vehicle, a braking means of the braking device is applied contacting and generating wear to a braking surface of a contact body, for example a brake disc. Due to the prevailing friction between the brake means and the brake disc, it can never be entirely avoided that particles release from the friction layer of the brake disc or of the brake means during braking and reach the environment.Known brake disks consist entirely of gray cast iron or brake disks coated with a hard material, such as stainless steel. The abrasion that is produced, the brake particles, is metallic and can lead to damage in the lung and in the human body.From the prior art, brake devices are known in which magnet means of a magnet unit are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the brake means and / or the brake disc in order to magnetically attract and store the abrasion.In addition, it is known from the prior art to protect brake disks from dirt and suspended foreign bodies, such as stones. For this purpose, cover means in the form of cover plates are provided, which run parallel to the surface of the brake disc and are spaced apart from the brake disc.An object of an exemplary embodiment of the invention is to propose a brake device for a vehicle, in which the number of brake particles released to the environment can be reduced during a braking process.This object is achieved by a brake device for a vehicle having at least one brake disk which is rotatable about an axis of rotation and which comprises at least one friction layer which is subject to wear and forms a brake surface, having at least one brake means which, during braking of the vehicle, bears in contact with the friction layer of the brake disk and generates wear, having at least one planar covering means which is fixed in a fixed and rotationally fixed manner with respect to the vehicle and is arranged so as to extend substantially parallel to the brake disk and at a distance which is free of contact with the brake disk, and having at least one magnet unit which comprises at least one magnet means by means of which magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion, in particular from the friction layer and / or from the brake means, can be magnetically attracted, wherein at least one of the at least one magnet means is fixed on the side of the covering means facing the brake disk on the or in the disk-shaped covering means.Because the brake device comprises a flat, disk-shaped covering means, the brake disk can be protected from turbulent dust, small parts and stones during operation of the vehicle, in particular during driving with the vehicle. This extends the service life of the brake disk and a high quality and braking performance of the brake device can be ensured for an extended period of time.Because the brake device comprises a magnet unit which has at least one magnetic means which is fixed on the disk-shaped cover means on the side of the cover means facing the brake disk, the cover means can additionally attract magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion and bind directly to it. This reduces the number of magnetic or magnetizable brake particles reaching the environment.An attraction and binding, in particular storage of magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion, can be improved if at least one of the at least one magnetic means is arranged on the covering means on the side of the covering means facing the brake disc.As a result, the magnetic attractive forces can have an improved effect on the magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion without the covering means itself being able to exert a shielding and / or insulating effect.The cover means can comprise any desired contour, provided that it follows the technical function of shielding the brake disc from agitated particles, such as dirt, dust, stones. In embodiments of the brake device, it is provided that the covering means is designed in the form of a disk or pot and / or that the covering means covers the brake disk completely or at least in sections, at least when viewed in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation.If the covering means is disk-shaped, the covering means can be provided in a simple manner. In such a case, the covering means can cover the brake disk, at least when viewed in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation, in whole or at least in sections. Covering is understood as synonymous to masking or overlapping in the present case.In addition, the covering means can be pot-shaped and, in addition to being shielded, viewed in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation, can cover the brake disc in its entirety or at least in sections also in a plane extending parallel to the axis of rotation.In both cases, it may prove to be advantageous if the covering means comprises an opening on a side facing the driving surface. This improves the drainage or dripping of moisture or of aqueous emulsions, such as sludge or snowmats, which can ensure that there is free-wheeling between the brake disk and the covering means.Furthermore, embodiments of the brake device are conceivable in which at least one of the at least one magnetic means is fastened to the covering means in a releasable manner, in particular by means of force or form closure, in particular by means of screw connection, or in a non-releasable manner, in particular by means of force, form closure or material closure, in particular by means of adhesive bonding, riveting, soldering or welding.If at least one of the at least one magnetic means is releasably fixed to the covering means, in particular by means of a force fit or a form fit, in particular by means of a screw connection, the at least one magnetic means can be mounted and dismounted again in a simple manner. As a result, existing covering means can be retrofitted in a simple manner or the magnetic means can be removed and cleaned in a simplified manner during a repair or an inspection of the motor vehicle.If at least one of the at least one magnetic means is non-detachably fixed to the covering means, in particular by means of a force fit, a form fit or a material fit, the brake device can be of flat construction.The at least one magnetic means can in principle be designed in any desired manner and can be adapted with regard to its shape. It has proven to be advantageous if at least one of the at least one magnetic means of the magnetic unit comprises a magnetic body comprising a three-dimensional shape, a substantially planar magnetic film, a substantially planar magnetic tape and / or a magnetic coating, such as magnetic paint, paint or paint.Particularly simple retrofitting and captive application of the at least one magnetic agent is ensured if the at least one magnetic agent comprises a magnetic film or a magnetic coating, such as magnetic paint, paint or paint. As a result, the covering means can be retrofitted in a simple manner, wherein the magnetic means is of flat construction in the direction of the brake disc.At least one of the at least one magnetic means can comprise, for example, a neodymium magnet or a hard ferrite magnet.The covering means can basically comprise any desired material. In embodiments of the brake device, it proves to be advantageous if the covering means comprises a metal, in particular steel or aluminum, a plastic and / or a carbon fiber composite material and comprises in particular a bent stamped part or an injection-molded part.If the covering means comprises a metal, in particular a steel, the covering means can be additionally magnetized by arranging the at least one magnetic means. As a result, the area which acts on the magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion is widened by magnetizing the covering means.If the covering means comprises aluminum, the braking device can be designed to be reduced in weight.The same applies if the brake device comprises a plastic and / or a carbon fiber composite material.The brake device can be made compact if at least one of the at least one magnetic means is arranged in the covering means, wherein the covering means and the at least one of the at least one magnetic means of the magnet unit form a common one-piece component, in particular an injection molded part.In such a case, the covering means can comprise, for example, an injection-molded part in which, in addition to plastic, magnetic means are also introduced into the injection mold.Furthermore, embodiments of the brake device are also conceivable, in particular if the covering means comprises a carbon fiber composite material, in which one or more layers of the carbon fiber composite material are formed from magnetic means or magnetic means fibers.If the covering means and at least one of the at least one magnet means of the magnet unit form a common, one-piece component, the brake device can be designed with a reduced component. This facilitates assembly and disassembly.Furthermore, embodiments are conceivable in which the covering means forming a common component with integrated at least one magnetic means additionally comprises at least one further magnetic means which is arranged releasably or non-releasably on the surface of the covering means facing the brake disc.It has proven to be advantageous if at least one of the at least one covering means is fixed on a brake disk facing away from the vehicle center and / or if at least one of the at least one covering means is fixed on a brake disk facing towards the vehicle center.If the brake device comprises a single cover means, this can be arranged either on the side of the brake disc facing the vehicle center or facing away from the brake disc. If the brake device comprises two cover means, one of these cover means can be fixed on the side of the brake disc facing away from the vehicle center and one on the side of the brake disc facing the vehicle center. This allows the number of bindable magnetic or magnetizable brake particles to be further increased.The at least one covering means can in principle be defined as desired with respect to the vehicle location. In one embodiment of the brake device, it comprises at least one brake caliper which is fixed in a fixed position with respect to the vehicle and to which the brake means and / or the cover means are fixed.Finally, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having at least one brake device having at least one of the aforementioned features.Further features, details and advantages of the invention are evident from the appended patent claims, from the drawing and from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the brake device.The drawing shows: FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of an exemplary embodiment of the brake device.FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of a braking device for a vehicle, which is provided overall with the reference numeral 2 (not explicitly shown in FIG. 1 ). The brake device 2 comprises a brake disc 4 which is rotatable about an axis of rotation 6. The brake disc 4 comprises a friction layer 8 which is subject to wear and forms a brake surface 10.In addition, the brake device 2 comprises a brake means 12 which, during braking of the vehicle, bears in contact with the friction layer 8 of the brake disc 4 and generates wear.In addition, the brake device 2 comprises a planar covering means 14 which is fixed in a fixed and rotationally fixed manner with respect to the vehicle and which is arranged so as to extend substantially parallel to the brake disc 4 and without contact with the brake disc 4.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the braking device 2 comprises a magnet unit 16 which comprises at least one magnetic means 18 by means of which magnetic or magnetizable brake abrasion 20, in particular from the friction layer 8 and / or from the braking means 12, can be magnetically attracted. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the at least one magnet means 18 of the magnet unit 16 is fixed on a surface of the covering means 14 facing the brake disc 4. In the exemplary embodiment of the brake device 2 shown in FIG. 1, the at least one magnetic means 18 of the magnet unit 16 comprises a magnetic coating 22, which can be formed by a magnetic paint, a paint or a paint.The planar covering means 14 is disk-shaped and completely overlaps the brake disk 4 in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation 6.The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the claims and in the drawing can be essential both individually and in any combination in the realisation of the invention in its various embodiments within the scope of the following claims.List of reference characters2 Brake device 4 Brake disk 6 Rotational axis 8 Friction layer 10 Brake surface 12 Brake means 14 Cover means 16 Magnet unit 18 Magnet means 20 Brake abrasion 22 Coating

Claims

Brake device (2) for a vehicle having at least one brake disc (4) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (6) and which comprises at least one friction layer (8) which is subject to wear and forms a brake surface (10), having at least one brake means (12) which, during braking of the vehicle, bears in contact with the friction layer (8) of the brake disc (4) and generates wear, having at least one planar covering means (14) which is fixed in a fixed and rotationally fixed manner with respect to the vehicle and is arranged so as to extend substantially parallel to the brake disc (4) and at a distance from the brake disc (4) without contact, and having at least one magnet unit (16) which comprises at least one magnet means (18) by means of which magnetic or magnetizable brake wear (20), in particular from the friction layer (8) and / or from the brake means (12), can be magnetically attracted, wherein at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) is fixed on or in the disk-shaped covering means (14) on the side of the covering means (14) facing the brake disk (4).Brake device (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) is arranged on the covering means (14) on the side of the covering means (14) facing the brake disc (4).Brake device (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the covering means (14) is designed in the form of a disk or pot and / or in that the covering means (14) covers the brake disk (4) completely or at least in sections, as viewed at least in a plane transverse to the axis of rotation (6).Brake device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) is fastened to the covering means (14) in a releasable manner, in particular by means of force or form closure, in particular by means of screw connection, or in a non-releasable manner, in particular by means of force, form closure or material closure, in particular by means of adhesive bonding, riveting, soldering or welding.Brake device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) of the magnet unit (16) comprises a magnetic body comprising a three-dimensional shape, a substantially planar magnetic film, a substantially planar magnetic tape and / or a magnetic coating, such as magnetic paint, paint or paint.Brake device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the covering means (14) comprises a metal, in particular steel or aluminium, a plastic and / or a carbon fibre composite material and in particular comprises a bent stamped part or an injection-moulded part.Brake device (2) according to Claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) is arranged in the covering means (14), wherein the covering means (14) and the at least one of the at least one magnetic means (18) of the magnet unit (16) form a common one-piece component, in particular injection-moulded parts.Brake device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the at least one covering means (14) is fixed on a brake disc (4) facing away from the vehicle centre and / or in that at least one of the at least one covering means (14) is fixed on a brake disc (4) facing towards the vehicle centre.Brake device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byat least one brake caliper which is fixed in a fixed position with respect to the vehicle and on which the brake means (12) and / or the covering means (14) are fixed.Motor vehicle having at least one brake device (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 9.

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