Rotary tablet press

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary tablet press comprising a rotor rotatable in a pressing chamber of the rotary tablet press by means of a rotary drive, wherein the rotor has an upper punch guide for upper press punches and a lower punch guide for lower press punches, as well as a die disc arranged between the punch guides, wherein the press punches interact with cavities of the die disc, wherein the rotary tablet press further comprises a filling device by which powder material to be compressed is filled into the cavities of the die disc, and wherein the rotary tablet press comprises a pressure device with an upper pressure unit and a lower pressure unit which, in operation, interact with the upper press punches and with the lower press punches to compress the powder material in the cavities of the die disc into tablets, wherein a tablet sensor is arranged in the pressing chamber, which is configured toto measure a property of the content of tablets produced in a rotary tablet press.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rotary tablet press, comprising a rotor which is rotatable by means of a rotary drive in a pressing chamber of the rotary tablet press, wherein the rotor has an upper punch guide for upper pressing punches and a lower punch guide for lower pressing punches as well as a die plate arranged between the punch guides, wherein the pressing punches interact with cavities of the die plate, wherein the rotary tablet press further comprises a filling device by means of which powder material to be pressed is filled into the cavities of the die plate, and wherein the rotary tablet press comprises a pressure device with an upper pressure unit and a lower pressure unit which, during operation, interact with the upper pressing punches and with the lower pressing punches for pressing the powder material in the cavities of the die plate into tablets, wherein a tablet sensor is arranged in the pressing chamber, which is designed toto measure a content property of tablets produced in the rotary tablet press.

[0002] Rotary tablet presses are typically equipped with a plurality of upper and lower compression punches, each paired with a cavity in a die table. During operation of the rotary tablet press, the upper and lower compression punches rotate together with the die table, with their axial movement controlled by control cams and guided by upper and lower punch guides. As it rotates, the die table passes through various devices on the rotary tablet press, namely a filling device, in which powder material to be compressed is filled into the cavities of the die table, and a pressure device, in which the upper and lower compression punches are pressed into the cavities by upper and lower pressure units, such as pressure rollers, to compress the powder material into pellets, such as tablets.Following the compression device, the upper press rams are moved upwards out of the cavities, and the pellets produced in the cavities are pushed onto the upper side of the die plate by the lower press rams. The pellets are then stripped from the die plate, for example, by a stripper, into an exit of the rotary tablet press, from where they are fed for further processing.

[0003] In rotary tablet presses, tablet sensors are used to measure content properties of the tablets produced in the press, for example, the proportion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). One such tablet sensor is known, for example, from EP 1 568 480 B1. In addition to one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, tablets produced in rotary tablet presses typically contain one or more excipients. The total weight of tablets produced in the tablet press is known and can also be measured. Based on the measured values ​​of the tablet sensor regarding, for example, the API content in the tablet, it is possible to check whether the API content and the weight of the tablets lie within specified parameters.

[0004] The tablet sensor described in EP 1 568 480 B1 is a NIR or LIF sensor arranged in the press chamber above the die plate in such a way that it records measured values ​​of tablets produced in the tablet press after the upper punches have been moved out of the cavities. The tablet sensor is arranged stationary above the die plate, so that the tablets still within the cavity of the die plate are moved through a measuring range of the tablet sensor with the rotation of the rotor.

[0005] In order to determine accurate measurement values ​​with such a tablet sensor, it is known to perform a white balance of the tablet sensor. For this purpose, the tablet sensor is held outside the tablet press above a white or gray reference surface so that the measuring area covers the reference surface. On this basis, the tablet sensor is compared against the reference surface. This allows reliable measurement values ​​to be recorded. A problem arises, however, if parameter changes within the rotary tablet press occur following the external adjustment due to influences during the tabletting process. Fluctuations in light output also influence the tablet sensor's measurement values. Readjustment of the tablet sensor during the process is not possible.

[0006] Based on the prior art explained above, the object of the invention is to provide a rotary tablet press of the type mentioned at the outset, with which reliable measurement values ​​can be obtained at any time using a tablet sensor, even when parameters change during a tabletting process.

[0007] The invention solves the problem by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the appended claims, the description and the figures.

[0008] For a rotary tablet press of the type mentioned at the outset, the invention achieves the object in that an optical reference surface is further arranged in the pressing chamber, and in that a sensor drive is provided with which the tablet sensor can be moved between a measuring position in which a measuring range of the tablet sensor detects tablets produced in the rotary tablet press in order to measure the content property of the tablets, and a calibration position in which the measuring range of the tablet sensor detects the reference surface, and in that a control device is provided to which measured values ​​of the tablet sensor are applied and which is designed to calibrate the tablet sensor located in the calibration position against the reference surface.

[0009] The basic structure of a rotary tablet press, as is the subject of the present invention, was explained at the beginning. According to the invention, an optical reference surface is arranged in the press chamber, and a sensor drive is provided with which the tablet sensor can be moved between a measuring position and a calibration position. In the measuring position, the tablet sensor uses its measuring range to detect tablets produced in the rotary tablet press in order to measure a content property of the tablets. For example, in the measuring position of the tablet sensor, the tablets may still be located within the cavities of the die table after the upper punches have moved out of the cavities. In the calibration position, however, the measuring range detects the reference surface. In both the measuring position and the calibration position, the tablet sensor generates measured values ​​that are applied to a control device.Based on the measured values ​​of the tablet sensor in the calibration position, the control device calibrates the tablet sensor against the reference surface. For example, it is possible for the tablet sensor to be moved by the sensor drive at least radially toward and away from the die table. The sensor drive and / or the tablet sensor can be arranged on a sensor table. Using the sensor drive, the tablet sensor can assume different positions in the press chamber and thus still be calibrated even after installation in the press chamber. A sensor head of the tablet sensor can be connected to a radiation source and to the control device, for example, via an optical fiber.Calibration by performing a reference measurement of the reference surface using the tablet sensor in the calibration position can, for example, be carried out before and / or during and / or after a production process for manufacturing tablets in a rotary tablet press. Calibration during a production process is particularly advantageous because changes can be immediately detected and taken into account. For example, calibration can be carried out cyclically during production. Before production, the correct references and SSTs can be recorded, and the uncalibrated internal standard can be compared or related to the calibrated 99% standard. During a production process, for example, a dark current and an internal (white) reference can be determined at regular intervals.The dark current serves as a zero calibration, and the measurement of the internal (white) reference is converted to a calibrated external reference using the determined relationship. This can then be used in the process. Furthermore, it can be monitored to ensure that the reference measurements do not deviate too significantly, thus preventing contamination of the sensor and / or the reference surface. If contamination occurs, the calibration is no longer correct, and measures can be initiated, such as stopping the rotary tablet press.

[0010] The invention allows for the consideration or compensation of parameters within the press chamber of the rotary tablet press that change, for example, during a production process or between production processes, particularly after performing an external calibration of the tablet sensor. This provides more reliable and robust sensor measurement values. The calibration according to the invention takes place within the press chamber and can be performed multiple times, for example, during a production process and / or before and / or after a production process in the press. The sensor drive allows the calibration to take place automatically, particularly without the need to open the press chamber for appropriate access by an operator.This is particularly advantageous for pharmaceutical products processed in rotary tablet presses, minimizing operator stress and / or avoiding complex safety measures, especially in containment systems. Automatic calibration can, for example, be performed at regular intervals and / or triggered by an operator via input into the control system. Tablet waste can be minimized.

[0011] The reference surface may be a white or gray reference surface, wherein the control device may be configured to perform a white balance or a gray balance of the tablet sensor against the reference surface.

[0012] The sensor can be a spectroscopic sensor, in particular a NIR, LIF, or Raman sensor. Such sensors are particularly suitable for measuring content properties, for example, the API content of a tablet. Such sensors comprise a transmitter for electromagnetic radiation, for example, in the near-infrared wavelength range, onto the surface of the tablet and a receiver for receiving the electromagnetic radiation reflected back from the surface of the tablet. The radiation can be focused onto the surface of the tablet. By evaluating the spectrum of the reflected radiation, the content of a specific ingredient of the tablet can be determined. As already explained, the content property can be the content of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the tablet.As already explained, the tablet sensor can be located in the measuring position above the die plate, in particular in such a way that the tablets detected in the measuring range of the tablet sensor are still within a cavity of the die plate and are thus defined in their position.

[0013] According to a further embodiment, the sensor drive can move the tablet sensor in a horizontal plane. This advantageously eliminates the need to move the tablet sensor between the measuring position and the calibration position in the axial direction of the die plate. Lateral movement of the tablet sensor in the horizontal plane is sufficient.

[0014] The sensor drive can comprise at least one linear drive, for example two linear drives, for moving the tablet sensor in a linear movement and / or at least one rotary drive, for example two rotary drives, for moving the tablet sensor in a rotary movement. Using an appropriately combined sensor drive, the tablet sensor can also be moved, for example, along a curved travel path. As explained in more detail below, it is also possible to realize specific measuring distances over the reference surface and / or over a tablet. According to a particularly practical embodiment, the sensor drive can be an electric drive. However, other drive types are also possible, for example, a mechanical or pneumatic drive.

[0015] According to a further embodiment, it can be provided that the tablet sensor and / or the optical reference surface and / or the die plate and / or the sensor drive and / or a holder of the sensor drive further comprise a suction device designed to suction product dust from the measuring range of the tablet sensor and / or that the tablet sensor and / or the optical reference surface and / or the die plate further comprise a blow-out device designed to blow product dust out of a measuring range of the tablet sensor. The suction devices or the blow-out device, in particular comprising a compressed air nozzle, can be used, for example, to specifically clean the reference surface, for example during a cleaning run. In this way, product dust that accumulates in the area of ​​the measuring position and could potentially falsify the measurement can also be suctioned away.In the same way, cleaning of a sensor measuring surface of the sensor and / or a tablet to be measured is possible via the suction device and / or via a blow-out device, comprising, for example, a compressed air nozzle. Cleaning can be performed automatically by controlling the suction device and / or the blow-out device via the control device, for example, at regular intervals.

[0016] According to a further embodiment, the sensor drive can be designed to move the tablet sensor once or multiple times along a measuring path over the reference surface for calibration, wherein the tablet sensor records measured values ​​multiple times during the movement along the measuring path and transmits them to the control device for calibration. Of course, it is also possible for the sensor drive to be designed to move the tablet sensor along a measuring path over a tablet to be measured, wherein the tablet sensor in turn records measured values ​​multiple times during the movement along the measuring path and transmits them to the control device. It is also possible for the measuring position to be adjusted so that measurement is taken outside the center of the tablet. In the aforementioned embodiment, the tablet sensor therefore travels to multiple calibration positions along the measuring path.The measuring section can run along a straight line or have a curved shape. It is also possible to travel over the reference surface multiple times (oscillating), as well as to travel over the reference surface in an arc or another trajectory. A measurement along such a measuring section makes it possible to detect and / or compensate for local inhomogeneities or contamination or shape deviations of the reference surface from the measured values ​​for the comparison in order to avoid corresponding falsification of the measured values. For example, the control device can be designed to calculate an average or median of measured values ​​recorded along the measuring section for the comparison of the tablet sensor against the reference surface. The same applies accordingly to a measuring section over a tablet to be measured. In this way, an optimal measuring section of the tablet sensor over the tablets to be measured can also be realized.

[0017] According to a further embodiment, the control device can be configured to compare measured values ​​recorded in the calibration position for calibrating the tablet sensor with measured values ​​recorded during a previously performed calibration. The internal calibration according to the invention within the press chamber is thus compared with an external calibration performed, for example, before the tablet sensor is installed in the press chamber. The control device can further be configured to detect and / or computationally compensate for radiation output fluctuations, contamination of the tablet sensor and / or the reference surface, degradation of the tablet sensor, for example of a light source, and / or temperature changes during the calibration.Such changes, for example in the tablet sensor, which occur over time, can be detected and compensated by comparing them with an originally performed external calibration.

[0018] If the control system detects that the limits of the detected and / or compensated variables have been exceeded, it can issue a warning signal and / or stop tablet production in the rotary tablet press. For example, if a calibration determines that the level of contamination in the tablet sensor exceeds a permissible limit, appropriate action can be taken before potentially producing defective tablets.

[0019] As already explained, the tablet sensor and / or the sensor drive and / or the reference surface can be arranged on a sensor table arranged in the pressing chamber.

[0020] The invention also relates to a method for performing an adjustment of a tablet sensor with a rotary tablet press according to the invention.

[0021] An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. They show schematically: Fig. 1 a rotary tablet press according to the invention in a developed view of the rotor, Fig. 2 an enlarged view of a tablet sensor used in the rotary tablet press in a first position in a perspective view, Fig. 3 the representation from Fig. 2 in a second position of the tablet sensor, and Fig. 4 a perspective view of the tablet sensor from the bottom.

[0022] Unless otherwise stated, the same reference symbols in the figures refer to the same objects.

[0023] In the Fig. In the rotary tablet press shown in Figure 1, powdered material is compressed into tablets. The rotary tablet press comprises a rotor, which is driven in rotation in a pressing chamber 11 by a rotary drive and has a die plate 10 having a plurality of cavities 12. The cavities 12 can be formed, for example, by bores in the die plate 10. The rotor further comprises a plurality of upper press punches 14 and lower press punches 16, which rotate synchronously with the die plate 10. The upper press punches 14 are axially guided in an upper punch guide 18, and the lower press punches 16 are axially guided in a lower punch guide 20. The axial movement of the upper press punches 14 and lower press punches 16 during the rotation of the rotor is controlled by upper control cam elements 22 and lower control cam elements 24.The rotary tablet press further comprises a filling device 26, which has a filling reservoir 28 and a filling chamber 30, which are connected via a filling pipe 32. In this way, in the present example, powder material flows from the filling reservoir 28 via the filling pipe 32 into the filling chamber 30 by gravity, and from there, via a filling opening provided on the underside of the filling chamber 30, into the cavities 12 of the die plate 10 by gravity.

[0024] The rotary tablet press further comprises a pressure device 34. The pressure device 34 comprises a pre-pressure device with an upper pre-pressure roller 36 and a lower pre-pressure roller 38, as well as a main pressure device with an upper pressure roller 40 and a lower pressure roller 42. In addition, the rotary tablet press comprises an ejection device 44 and a stripping device 46 with a stripping element that feeds the tablets 48 produced in the rotary tablet press to a discharge device 50 for removal from the rotary tablet press. The stripping device 46 can, for example, comprise a preferably crescent-shaped stripping element that, in the region of the ejection device 44, strips tablets 48, which have been conveyed onto the upper side of the die plate 10 by the lower press rams 16, from the die plate 10 and feeds them to the discharge device 50.

[0025] The rotary tablet press also comprises a control device 52 for controlling the operation of the rotary tablet press and for performing an adjustment of a tablet sensor arranged in the pressing chamber 11 of the rotary tablet press, as explained in more detail below.

[0026] In the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows a sensor table 54 arranged on the die plate 10, on which a tablet sensor 56 is movably arranged. The tablet sensor 56 comprises a sensor housing 58 and a sensor head 60. In the Fig. In the measuring position shown in Figure 2, the sensor head 60 is located above the die plate 10 such that a measuring area of ​​the tablet sensor 56 detects a content property, for example a content of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), of tablets produced in the rotary tablet press and still located within the cavities 12. A sensor surface 62 forming the measuring area is shown in the view from the bottom in Fig. 4. During operation of the rotary tablet press, the measured values ​​recorded by the tablet sensor 56 in the measuring position are sent to the control device 52, which, on this basis, checks, for example, whether the measured content property lies within the range of predetermined parameters.

[0027] Furthermore, a sensor drive 64 is arranged on the sensor table 54, with which a holding section 66 carrying the tablet sensor 56 can be moved radially with respect to the die plate 10 between the Fig. 2 shown measuring position and one in Fig. 3, from which the tablet sensor 56 can be removed from the press chamber 11. The sensor drive 64 can be an electric sensor drive. It can comprise at least one linear drive for linearly moving the tablet sensor 56 in the radial direction relative to the die plate 10. It can also comprise a rotary drive with which the tablet sensor 56, in particular its sensor housing 58, can be rotated. The sensor drive 64 is controlled by the control device 52.

[0028] On the sensor table 54 there is also a Fig. 3 to be recognized and in Fig. 2 reference surface 68 covered by the sensor housing 58, which can be, for example, a white or gray reference surface 68. If the tablet sensor 56 is removed from the Fig. 3 shown removal position by means of the sensor drive 64 into the Fig. 2, the sensor surface 62 and thus the measuring range of the tablet sensor 56 moves over the reference surface 68 along a measuring path, which can be a straight or curved measuring path depending on the design and control of the sensor drive 64. While the tablet sensor 56 moves through the measuring path and thus through several adjustment positions, the sensor head 60 with the sensor surface 62 records measured values ​​of the reference surface 68, which are also sent to the control device 52. Based on these measured values, the control device 52 compares the tablet sensor with the reference surface 68. In particular, in this way, for example, a white balance or a gray balance can be carried out automatically and within the press chamber 11 of the rotary tablet press.If deviations are detected compared to an external white or gray balance carried out outside the press chamber 11 before the assembly of the tablet sensor 56, this can be taken into account by the control device 52 when evaluating measured values ​​of the tablet sensor 56 recorded in the measuring position, in particular can be compensated for mathematically.

[0029] The tablet sensor 56 is a spectroscopic sensor, for example, an NIR, LIF, or Raman sensor. For this purpose, the sensor head 60 can be connected, for example, via optical conductors connected to connectors 70 to an external radiation source for electromagnetic radiation, for example, in the near-infrared wavelength range. The connectors 70 can also be used to connect the tablet sensor 56 to the control device 52. Furthermore, an extraction tube 72, which forms part of an extraction device, is integrated into the sensor housing 58. In this way, product dust that could distort the measurement results can be extracted from the measuring area of ​​the tablet sensor 56 and removed from the pressing chamber 11 of the rotary tablet press. Furthermore, a compressed air nozzle 74, which forms part of a blow-out device and can be connected to a corresponding compressed air supply, is formed on the underside of the sensor head 60 next to the sensor surface 62.In this way, the area of ​​the sensor surface 62 can also be freed from product dust or other contaminants.

[0030] Especially in Fig. 4 shows that the reference surface 68 is located in the plane of the upper side of the die plate 10. Thus, during the movement of the tablet sensor 56 between the calibration positions and the measurement position, no movement of the tablet sensor 56 in the axial direction of the die plate 10 is required. By means of mounting feet 76 provided on the underside of the sensor housing 58, height adjustment is possible during the installation of the tablet sensor 56 on the sensor table 54.

[0031] The above-explained calibration of the tablet sensor 56 can be carried out automatically by the control device 52, for example, during each production process and / or before and / or after each production process for producing tablets in the rotary tablet press. Opening the press chamber 11 is not necessary for this. Any changes in parameters during the operation of the rotary tablet press that influence the measurement results of the tablet sensor 56 can be reliably detected and taken into account. By recording measured values ​​for calibration along a measuring path across the reference surface 68, impurities and / or inhomogeneities, such as brightness or color deviations or unevenness, can be detected or compensated for. For example, the control device 52 can calculate an average or median for the measured values ​​recorded along the measuring path.By means of the tablet sensor 56, it is also advantageously possible to record measured values ​​along a measuring path across a tablet to be measured, thus providing a corresponding number of measuring positions, for example, controlled by the sensor drive 64 or, with a stationary tablet sensor 56, by rotating the die plate 10. In this way, measurements can also be taken outside the center of the tablets. This allows deviations, for example, in the measured content properties across the surface of the tablets to be taken into account. In this case, too, it is possible for the control device 52 to average measured values ​​recorded along the measuring path across a tablet in order to detect and / or compensate for distorting influences caused by local changes in the content properties of a tablet. Reference symbol 10 die plate 12 cavities 14 upper press rams 16 lower press punches 18 upper punch guide 20 lower punch guide 22 upper control cam elements 24 lower control cam elements 26 Filling device 28 Filling reservoir 30 filling chamber 32 filling tube 34 Printing device 36 upper pre-print roll 38 lower pre-print roll 40 upper pressure roller 42 lower pressure roller 44 Ejection device 46 Stripping device 48 tablets 50 Drainage device 52 Control device 54 Sensor table 56 Tablet sensor 58 sensor housing 60 sensor head 62 sensor area 64 Sensor drive 66 stopping section 68 Reference surface 70 connections 72 Suction pipe 74 compressed air nozzle 76 mounting feet

Claims

[1] Rotary tablet press, comprising a rotor rotatable by means of a rotary drive in a pressing chamber (11) of the rotary tablet press, wherein the rotor has an upper punch guide (18) for upper pressing punches (14) and a lower punch guide (20) for lower pressing punches (16) as well as a die plate (10) arranged between the punch guides, wherein the pressing punches (14, 16) interact with cavities (12) of the die plate (10), wherein the rotary tablet press further comprises a filling device (26) by means of which powder material to be pressed is filled into the cavities (12) of the die plate (10), and wherein the rotary tablet press comprises a pressure device (34) with an upper pressure unit (40) and a lower pressure unit (42), which in operation cooperate with the upper pressing punches (14) and with the lower pressing punches (16) for compressing the powder material in the cavities (12) of the matrix disc (10) to form tablets (48),wherein a tablet sensor (56) is arranged in the pressing chamber (11), which is designed to measure a content property of tablets (48) produced in the rotary tablet press, , characterized by that an optical reference surface (68) is further arranged in the pressing chamber (11), and that a sensor drive (64) is provided with which the tablet sensor (56) can be moved between a measuring position in which a measuring range of the tablet sensor (56) detects tablets (48) produced in the rotary tablet press for measuring the content property of the tablets (48), and a calibration position in which the measuring range of the tablet sensor (56) detects the reference surface (68), and that a control device (52) is provided to which measured values ​​of the tablet sensor (56) are applied and which is designed to calibrate the tablet sensor (56) located in the calibration position against the reference surface (68). [2] Rotary tablet press according to claim 1, characterized by that the reference surface (68) is a white or gray reference surface (68), and that the control device (52) is designed to carry out a white balance or a gray balance of the tablet sensor (56) against the reference surface (68). [3] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the tablet sensor (56) is a spectroscopic sensor (56), in particular an NIR or LIF or Raman sensor (56). [4] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the tablet sensor (56) is in the measuring position above the die plate (10). [5] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sensor drive (64) moves the tablet sensor (54) in a horizontal plane. [6] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sensor drive (64) comprises at least one linear drive for moving the tablet sensor (56) in a linear movement and / or at least one rotary drive for moving the tablet sensor (56) in a rotary movement. [7] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sensor drive (64) is an electric drive. [8] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the tablet sensor (56) and / or the optical reference surface (68) and / or the matrix plate (10) and / or the sensor drive (64) and / or a holder of the sensor drive (64) further comprises a suction device which is designed to suck product dust out of the measuring area of ​​the tablet sensor (56) and / or that the tablet sensor (56) and / or the optical reference surface (68) and / or the matrix plate (10) further comprises a blow-out device which is designed to blow product dust out of a measuring area of ​​the tablet sensor (56). [9] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byin that the sensor drive (64) is designed to move the tablet sensor (56) once or several times along a measuring path over the reference surface (68) for an adjustment, wherein the tablet sensor (56) records measured values ​​several times during the movement along the measuring path and transmits them to the control device (52) for adjustment. [10] Rotary tablet press according to claim 9, characterized by that the control device (52) is designed to form an average or median of measured values ​​recorded along the measuring section for the comparison of the tablet sensor (56) against the reference surface (68). [11] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the control device (52) is designed to compare measured values ​​recorded in the calibration position for the calibration of the tablet sensor (56) with measured values ​​recorded in the context of a previously carried out calibration. [12] Rotary tablet press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the control device (52) is designed to detect and / or computationally compensate for radiation power fluctuations, contamination of the tablet sensor (56) and / or the reference surface (68), degradation of the tablet sensor (56) and / or temperature changes within the scope of the adjustment. [13] Rotary tablet press according to claim 12, characterized by that the control device (52) is designed to output a warning signal and / or to stop tablet production in the rotary tablet press when it detects that limit values ​​of the detected and / or compensated variables are exceeded.

Images