Column testing machine with handling freedom for operators

Abstract

A base plate 3 as the foundation of a material testing machine 1 I is wider than the installation depth of a traverse 10 I The foundation-like base plate 3 provides space and installation areas for a drive motor 33 and a control unit in a control unit housing 51. The rear, second column 7 offers stop limits 49 against which the control unit housing 51 and the drive motor 33 can be positioned. This enables an optical axis 83 intersecting the test chamber 29, which is accessible in front of one column 7 and behind the other column 5 and visibly connects these areas above the base plate 3, even though the distances to the manually operated components of the material testing machine 1 are considerable. I , such as the distance 101 to the input device 57, which lies within an operator's radius.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a material testing machine, e.g. of the column testing machine type, which has a testing chamber, primarily located in a central area.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method by which measurements on material samples can be carried out particularly advantageously, especially due to the design of the material testing machine used.

[0003] In other words, the present invention relates to a material testing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for material testing according to the preamble of claim 22. Technical field

[0004] A common type of materials testing machine is the column tester, which typically has a machine frame formed by two guide columns and at least one crossbeam, often several. Details, special features, and numerous further developments of this type and similar types of testing machines can be found in the publications mentioned below.

[0005] German patent DE 44 35 159 C (owner: Zwick GmbH; publication date: January 29, 1998) discloses a tensile and / or compression testing machine in which three crossbeams connect two guide columns. A movable central crossbeam has a sliding piece at each end, with a spindle nut located in each of these sliding pieces. In this way, the central crossbeam can be adjusted along the guide columns by means of threaded spindles. One threaded spindle is located in one of the guide columns. Appropriate testing devices can then be connected to the central crossbeam and to one of the other two crossbeams, i.e., the upper crossbeam or the base crossbeam, thus defining a test chamber in which a material sample can be placed. That is, the test chamber is bounded by a frame, allowing access to the test chamber from the front or from behind.

[0006] German patent DE10 2011 054 202 B4 (patent holder: Zwick GmbH & Co. KG; publication date: September 21, 2017) describes a test piece testing machine of the type "universal testing machine" in which a travel traverse is moved by means of a traverse motor. The test force to be applied to a test piece is controlled by a motor controller. A travel movement is transmitted via a transmission shaft to a mounting for a displacement sensor.

[0007] Other testing machines that operate with a movable traverse can be found, for example, in WO 2010 040 326 A1 (applicant Zwick GmbH & Co. KG; publication date: 15.04.2010) and WO 2011 015 170 A2 (applicant Zwick GmbH & Co. KG; publication date: 10.02.2011).

[0008] Material testing and trials on material samples are specified by numerous standards that apply in different territories and geographical areas. Examples include ASTM E1012-14, DIN EN ISO 527-1:2019-12, DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2017-02, and DIN EN ISO 7500-1:2016-05 with its Annex 1. These standards focus on testing, so it is possible to indirectly derive and deduce from them the requirements that a material testing machine for metallic materials and a material testing machine for plastics must meet and comply with.

[0009] Numerous aspects regarding operating possibilities, testing possibilities, components, and their influence on the processes of material testing can be gleaned from these aforementioned publications.

[0010] One area in a material testing machine that is of particular importance is the test chamber, because it must be dimensioned in such a way that the samples for which the material testing machine is designed fit into the test chamber thanks to its dimensions.

[0011] In addition to requirements regarding the dimensions of the test chamber, the various users of material testing machines have further requirements for the test chamber. One common requirement is that the test chamber should nevertheless be as small as possible to facilitate operation, e.g., via one or more input devices, control panels, and input fields of the material testing machine.

[0012] The disclosures of the previously cited publications should be considered and used equally for the present invention description as representations and explanations of technical relationships. State of the art

[0013] The literature on intellectual property law, which deals, among other things, with the design of test rooms and with the arrangement of individual components of a material testing machine, in particular a column testing machine, includes the publications discussed below.

[0014] US Patent 3,203,232 A (published by Tinius Olsen Testing Machine Company; publication date: August 31, 1965) describes a testing machine capable of applying tensile and compressive forces to a material sample. This is achieved by generating a test force on the sample using a piston-cylinder arrangement on a crossbeam between two columns. The patent proposes, among other things, an embodiment in which forces are generated by moving the crossbeam either towards or away from a frame using bolts. The authors of US Patent 3,203,232 A suggest that for optimal load distribution in the testing machine, the axis of rotation of a bolt should coincide with the mass distribution of the column encompassing the thick edges.

[0015] In US patent application 2019 / 0 180 059 A1 (applicant: MTS Systems Corporation; publication date: June 13, 2019), it is proposed to implement control software for a testing machine into a laboratory management system so that a user can remotely exchange data with the machine, for example via a laptop computer or mobile phone, to determine whether maintenance or calibration of the machine is required.

[0016] An example of a so-called electromechanical unispace tensile and compression testing machine, which is said to have been manufactured by the aforementioned company “MTS Systems Corporation”, is the machine called “MTS Sintech, Model 1 / S”.

[0017] A sample holder, which is widely regarded and described in the professional community as a design or variant of a tool for material testing, is described, for example, in US 5,945,607 A (owner: MTS Systems Corporation; publication date: 31.08.1999).

[0018] A test frame for a testing machine, described in GB 2 275 782 A (applicant: Instron Corporation; publication date: March 7, 1994), has a base upon which two columns are mounted, the columns being connected by a housing top. The columns can be made of a metal such as aluminum or of plastic. Each column is to be formed as an extruded profile. The extruded profiles have a cross-section that is approximately three-sided. A guide rod extends within each column. The openings of the extruded profiles and the columns are to be aligned with each other. Extending from a crossbeam that is movable vertically along the columns, the openings are to be covered at the top and bottom by an accordion-like cover. An electronics housing and a motor housing are mounted on the base, which is to be formed as an injection-molded plastic part.A control knob is located at the front of the base. Positionable stops for the movable crossbar are integrated into a groove on the side of one of the columns. Each stop has a corresponding button that can be activated by a protruding finger on the movable crossbar. The base should have decorative side panels and a metal base plate. It should also stand on rubber feet.

[0019] The aforementioned publications are deemed to be fully incorporated into the present description of the invention by virtue of their designation. This is intended to avoid the need to repeatedly discuss generally known relationships between the base plate and columns, the crossbeam and columns, and material testing and test procedures. Instead, terms such as "column profile," "working crossbeam," and "drive" are considered to be defined for the present invention by reference to the publications.

[0020] If an operator of one of the above-mentioned material testing machines wishes to perform optical inspections and / or monitoring, many of the presented arrangements create difficulties. Task

[0021] It would be advantageous to improve the possibilities of optical testing and inspection processes by making them easier and more reliable, e.g., through measuring instrument assembly spaces with free optical axes to the test object, i.e., to the test specimen. Invention description

[0022] The problem according to the invention is solved by a column testing machine according to claim 1; a suitable method for carrying out material testing can be found in claim 22. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

[0023] Instead of expanding the test chamber in a lateral direction, the invention - according to one aspect - takes advantage of a relative positioning of individual components, e.g. their measuring device(s), e.g. the test chamber, e.g. the columns to each other, which are parts of a material testing machine, in particular a material testing machine of the column testing machine type.

[0024] Once fully assembled, the materials testing machine is equipped with one or more tools. Suitable tools include pressure plates and / or sample holders. Clamping devices can also be integrated into the materials testing machine.

[0025] In relevant professional circles, the term "sample holder" refers both to a combination of an upper and a lower holding device, and to each of the two holding devices individually. For the sake of clarity, the individual clamping device used to attach one end of a sample to the material testing machine will be referred to as the sample holder. In this case, there is a first sample holder and a second sample holder, which are generally arranged as mirror images of each other to accommodate the material sample between them.

[0026] The materials testing machine, in the form of a column testing machine, has at least two columns: a first column and a second column. Both columns stand on a base plate. The columns project upwards from the base plate, appearing as if they protrude from it. The columns are connected by at least one crossbeam. Ideally, there is a second, even higher crossbeam that covers the columns from above. The base plate is predominantly rectangular and flat. The columns rest on this rectangular, flat base plate. The columns stand vertically upwards on the base plate. The at least one crossbeam, preferably movable, can move up and down along the columns.

[0027] At least one tool, such as a specimen holder, is attached to the movable crossbeam. This tool allows forces (tensile, compressive, or bending) to be applied to a material sample mounted on it. The crossbeam and its relative positioning to the base plate enable the application of pressure or tension to the sample. It is also possible to switch between compressive and strain conditions. This allows for the application of pulsating forces to the sample, creating a fluctuating force profile.

[0028] One of the (at least two existing) columns, which can be referred to as the second column, forms a boundary between the sample receiving chamber, which is bounded on one (other) side, i.e., on one side, by a movable crossbeam, and an input device located next to the (second) column. Ideally, the input device is mounted on the base plate and fixed to the (second) column, parallel to the front (or parallel to the rear).

[0029] Parallel to the front or front edge, (imaginary) cuts can be "drawn" through the base plate, defining horizontal heights or cutting planes between the front and individual positions along the width of the base plate. The front of one column rests on one of these cutting planes (or horizontal heights). The front of the other column rests on another of these cutting planes (or horizontal heights).

[0030] The two columns of the column testing machine are aligned with the front face of the base plate, which serves as the front edge, but they are at different distances from this front edge. The front faces of the columns run parallel to a (compensating or imaginary) front straight line of the base plate. As an aside, despite the ergonomically advantageous shape of the base plate's front edge, a front reference edge can be defined along the base plate as part of a reference plane (compensating for arcs and curves).

[0031] When we talk about edges, we are referring to deburred edges, including rounded edges where angled surfaces meet.

[0032] Next to one of the columns, preferably next to the second column, is at least the input device, which may be integrated into a control unit housing and is, in particular, one of the surfaces of the control unit housing. The input device is located laterally to the column; one could also say that the input device flanks the column.

[0033] At least two cuts, preferably parallel to each other, can be made perpendicular to the base plate. These are imaginary cuts, allowing the columns to rise along the (imaginary) cut edges. Optionally, a third cutting plane (or a third cut) can be made, running along an edge (or a control surface) of the input device. All these cuts are parallel to each other.

[0034] If a person, e.g. an operator of the material testing machine, is located directly in front of one of the columns or directly in front of the input device, the distance between the operator, where the distance is predetermined for the operator by the base plate, and one column is less than the distance predetermined for the operator by the base plate at that second point, between the operator and the other column, even though the operator is standing directly in front of the base plate and is looking perpendicularly or straight at the respective front of the respective column.

[0035] The material testing machine described and discussed in the preceding paragraphs can be used to perform very compact, optically monitored and measured material tests, for example, by using an optical axis. The material testing method utilizes the test chamber of the machine not only as a test chamber, but the machine also incorporates optical axes within the test chamber. There is at least one optical measuring device that emits an optical measuring beam, such as a laser beam or a light beam of a specific wavelength. The measuring device has sensors, preferably located at the position of the light source, to detect reflections of the optical measuring beam.

[0036] The optical measuring beam is therefore directed at a material sample when it is to be tested. Such a material sample can be a metallic material sample, e.g. a specially shaped metal plate – in particular in accordance with points “6” ff. of DIN EN ISO 6892-1 (2017).

[0037] Thanks to the columns being arranged at an angle to each other or offset from each other, one column provides a stop surface for attaching the optical measuring device, which can be aligned parallel to the front edge, in particular the base plate.

[0038] If the optical measuring device is, for example, a laser light source, thanks to the column placement being spaced differently from the front, no light beam needs to be sent towards the user; instead, depending on the offset of the columns to each other, the laser light beam can start behind one column and hit an inside of the other column.

[0039] Understandably, this arrangement of the optical measuring device can be mounted in a mirror image, so that the optical measuring beam starts behind one column or extends parallel to behind the other column.

[0040] As long as no test is being performed, the light source for the optical sample holder is usually switched off. An operator of the material testing machine can safely place their head into the sample holding chamber (part of the test chamber) without risking eye damage. This allows the operator to visually inspect a clamped test sample before starting the test. The risk of erroneous measurements due to misaligned material samples is reduced.

[0041] A control unit, or at least its input device, of the testing machine is preferably arranged on the base or on the base plate next to the first column, on or at a side of the first column facing away from the sample receiving chamber. The control unit is connected to at least one input field through which commands can be sent to the control unit. One of the input fields, such as a keyboard, which can also be referred to as the first input field, can extend between the end face of the front or the front edge and the control unit and preferably has an inclination towards the front edge. The input field is set back laterally from the sample receiving chamber and is therefore particularly easy and safe to operate.

[0042] If a column testing machine has a (predominantly) straight front reference edge of the column base plate, it can be aligned particularly well.

[0043] The following are advantageous designs and further developments which, viewed individually or in combination, can also reveal inventive aspects.

[0044] The base plate or plinth-like foot of a (double) column testing machine, which serves as the foundation, advantageously has a (predominantly) rectangular shape, the edges of which may have projections, recesses, curves, and / or bulges in certain sections. The shape can also be described as rectangular. Nevertheless, a solid, rectangular or rectangular base offers advantages in terms of stability and alignment. It is particularly advantageous for stability if the two columns are offset from each other when viewed from a working perspective by an operator. A working perspective, with visual contact to the testing machine, is provided for a user of the testing machine when the user occupies a designated position while monitoring a material test.

[0045] The column, which can be called the first column, is located closer to the front than the other column, which can be called the second column. The space that can be used as an operator's area by a user of the materials testing machine should extend directly in front of the base plate. Thus, an operator's area is located at the front of the base plate, where the operator should be positioned to control, monitor, or simply observe a materials test.

[0046] The dimensions are chosen such that the material testing machine, with its base plate and its superstructures on the base plate, is dimensioned in such a way that a user in the operator's compartment can operate an input device of the material testing machine with their arm, at least when fully extended (a common arm length is between 60 cm and 80 cm – thus, an arm length is shorter than or at most 80 cm; for example, the arm spacing (of the material testing machine) can be 60 cm). Advantageously, tools, especially the sample holders, can also be accessed from the operator's compartment and thus opened and closed. Essential parts and components, such as the input device, are located within arm's reach of the material testing machine. The sample receiving area should also be accessible from this position. That is to say, the operator's compartment is dimensioned accordingly.The front edge of the base plate is positioned far enough from the center of the base plate that an operator (or user of the material testing machine) located in the operator's compartment can reach all essential parts of the material testing machine within their arm's reach or a (typical) arm's length. The operator must extend their arm through the operator's compartment and can operate the material testing machine and its components manually.

[0047] The (at least predominantly) straight, movable crossbeam can be used as a first straight line – in the sense of a construction aid. A second straight line – conceived in a constructive sense – can be drawn along a section plane of the base plate. An angle can be marked between the section plane, e.g., the front edge of the base plate, and the line corresponding to the crossbeam's path; this angle should be between 5 and 85 degrees. It has proven advantageous if the angle between the (imaginary) line bounding the crossbeam and the section plane along a column end or along the front of the base plate lies between 20 and 35 degrees.

[0048] Advantageously, the columns are hollow profile columns.

[0049] Hollow profile columns have the advantage of providing a stable structure, especially under vertical forces, using less material, e.g., less aluminum. The hollow profile structure has cavities between individual walls.

[0050] The hollow profile column's structure, which is formed with cavities, can have a (larger) inner recess compared to other recesses in the hollow profile, which may be a spindle channel. The spindle channel is one of the largest recesses in the hollow profile.

[0051] Hollow profile columns can also be those that do not offer space for a spindle channel. In such cases, the columns of a materials testing machine are designed so that the drive, separate from the hollow profile columns, is provided by spindle drives located elsewhere in the machine's installation space. Such a spindle can run parallel to one of the columns. It is also possible for each spindle to have its own column, meaning the spindle is assigned to a specific column.

[0052] In other words, the spindle can either be located directly adjacent to a column or it can be integrated into a column by providing a spindle channel within the (single) hollow profile column.

[0053] Several shapes are possible for the spindle channel. A circular spindle channel promotes symmetry and thus a more even load distribution across the hollow profile of the hollow profile column.

[0054] If the hollow profile column features an internal spindle channel, this channel can extend along the column's height. The spindle used extends either over the entire height of the erected hollow profile or at least over a distance of approximately 90% of its height. The spindle's length corresponds (essentially) to the travel distance of the (movable) crossbeam. The hollow profile, which is primarily rectangular or rectangular in shape, has not only a height but also a depth and width to form the column's elongated, rectangular section. The depth and height of the hollow profile are shorter than the height of the hollow profile column. As mentioned above, such a spindle channel can, for example, be circular and located partially or entirely inside the column.

[0055] In addition to the spindle channel, a longitudinal slot may be present in a hollow profile column. This longitudinal slot runs parallel to the spindle channel. It is designed to accommodate one end of the traverse, more precisely, the movable traverse.

[0056] To secure the spindle as effectively as possible within the spindle channel, the longitudinal slot is advantageously narrower or has a smaller width than the diameter of the spindle channel, particularly if the spindle channel is round. If the spindle channel is rectangular, the width of the longitudinal slot can also be narrower than the width of the spindle channel.

[0057] Ideally, the longitudinal slot extends from an edge of the spindle channel to an outer surface of the column, so that one end of the crossbeam is guided in the longitudinal slot.

[0058] In an advantageous design of the drive, the crossbeam is moved upwards and downwards via the spindle.

[0059] The longitudinal slot projecting into the interior of the hollow profile column is enclosed by two boundary sides. These boundary sides define the longitudinal slot. In an advantageous embodiment, the two boundary sides, a first boundary side and a second boundary side, are not of equal length or width. One boundary side has a greater length or width than the other. The longitudinal slot runs obliquely, i.e., asymmetrically, between the outer surface of the hollow profile column and the spindle channel. Thus, the longitudinal slot is longer on one side than on the other. One side of the longitudinal slot extends through more material of the hollow profile column than the other. In other words, the first boundary side of the longitudinal slot has a greater extent than the second boundary side.

[0060] Although the hollow profile column may be weakened by the longitudinal slot, the special guidance of the longitudinal slot, provided the spindle channel is located inside the hollow profile column, creates mechanically stable, especially under compressive and tensile stresses along the length of the hollow profile column, mechanically strong, preferably statically designed for long-term loads, frame components.

[0061] In an advantageous embodiment, the columns are rectangular. The columns can be rectangular hollow profile columns. That is, the columns are not entirely rectangular, but can be "inscribed" by a rectangle – the (imaginary) rectangle encompasses the outer dimensions of the column.

[0062] The longitudinal slot of a column can be located closer to the first edge of the column than to a second edge. Therefore, if a single edge of the column is chosen as the reference point, an edge can be found to which the longitudinal slot is closest. Ideally, such references consider the same sides of the column. Both edges are thus assigned to the same side of the column when comparing the distance of the longitudinal slot to the first and second edges. It can also be said that the two edges to which the references from the longitudinal slot are made belong to two adjacent corners of the rectangular or rectangular column.

[0063] If the column is rectangular or hollow profile, a central axis can be placed within it. Similarly, a central axis of rotation can be placed through the spindle channel. If the spindle channel is located inside the column, then—in one embodiment—the central axis of rotation of the spindle channel and the central axis of the column do not coincide. The central axis of rotation and the central axis of the column are laterally offset from each other.

[0064] In an advantageous embodiment, the central axis of rotation is positioned closer to the front face of the base plate via a first spindle channel compared to the central axis of rotation via the second spindle channel of the second column. In this case, the first spindle channel runs through the first column, and the second spindle channel runs through the second column. The front faces of the columns can be used as reference points. Other reference surfaces or reference points are the front faces of the base plate. The first spindle channel is positioned closer to the front face of the base plate than the second spindle channel in the second column.

[0065] In a mirror-image view, each spindle channel can also be considered in relation to a rear surface of the base plate, which can be referred to as the rear end face of the base plate. In such a case, the central axis of rotation through the second spindle channel is located closer to the rear end face of the base plate compared to the second central axis of the second column.

[0066] The crossbeams, especially the movable crossbeam, can also be made from hollow profile frame components. The movable crossbeam can be formed from a profile with a rectangular or rectangular cross-section.

[0067] Ideally, the crossbeam, or its hollow profile, extends from a point inside the first column to a point, preferably on the opposite side, in the second column. These two points are advantageously always at the same height or equidistant from the surface of the base plate, except for any minimal deviations. The crossbeam moves up and down at the same rate in both the left and right columns. The distance from the ends of the crossbeam to the surface of the base plate is as uniform as possible.

[0068] To guide the traverse along the column, the traverse advantageously has a first lateral guide with a first guide segment. To guide the traverse along the other column, the traverse advantageously has a second lateral guide with a second guide segment, which represents a second end of the movable traverse. The respective guide segments are movable ends of the traverse. The entire movable traverse is moved along the columns, or raised and lowered, via its ends.

[0069] The guide segments advantageously each have at least one internal guide surface. This internal guide surface can be used as a support or as part of a support. This allows a connection to be made to a lifting element, e.g., a spindle that either raises or lowers the crossbeam.

[0070] The movable traverse is advantageously guided on a rotatable spindle in each of the at least two columns. Consequently, there is a first spindle and a second spindle.

[0071] The base plate can be at least partially hollow. In an alternative design, the base plate can be joined with a plinth underneath it to form a solid component that provides cavities for built-in parts.

[0072] The base plate or a plinth belonging to the base plate may contain a drive for at least one spindle. Ideally, two spindles are present for more consistent drive of at least one crossbeam.

[0073] A toothed belt drive can power each of the existing spindles, e.g., the two spindles, one in each column. Both the toothed belt drive and its associated drive motor can be integrated into the base or the floor plate.

[0074] In an alternative configuration, the spindles can be driven directly by a motor, i.e., without an intermediate gear drive. This can be achieved, for example, via meshing pinions. The gear drive, e.g., a toothed disc, engages with a gear at one end of the spindle.

[0075] The material testing machine is operated via buttons, which can be grouped into one or more input fields. These input fields can be part of an input device. Control commands for the material testing machine or control data for its operation can be entered via this input device or these input fields. The input device is advantageously positioned in line with the front of one of the columns, facing the operator. This ensures ease of operation while maintaining a clear space around the sample receiving area.

[0076] The input field is positioned closer to the second lateral guide than to the first. The lateral guides of the crossbeams on the columns are present at least once on the left and once on the right. Consequently, there is one lateral guide to which the distance – viewed from the input field – is smaller than in relation to the second lateral guide.

[0077] In addition to a movable crossbeam, there are – in an advantageous configuration – a second and a third crossbeam. All crossbeams connect one column to the next (first column to second column). At least one crossbeam is fixed. At least one crossbeam is movable. One of the three existing crossbeams can be either fixed or movable.

[0078] In one embodiment, the material testing machine has two movable crossbeams. In another embodiment, the material testing machine has three crossbeams, of which only one is movable and two are stationary.

[0079] It is particularly advantageous if a crossbeam is recessed into the base plate. It is especially advantageous if the surface of the crossbeam is flush with the surface of the base plate. A tool, such as a sample holder, can protrude from this flush surface.

[0080] The movable crossbeam can be aligned so that it runs parallel to an (imaginary) diagonal line drawn from one corner of the base to the other end. This (imaginary) diagonal can be used as a "construction guideline." The crossbeam, especially the movable one, can run along this "construction guideline," or be oriented in the same direction as the "construction guideline."

[0081] It is advantageous if one narrow side of the base plate has a shorter length than the length of the movable crossbeam. One narrow side can have a shorter length than either of the two stationary crossbeams, provided there are two stationary crossbeams in the material testing machine.

[0082] Operation, particularly from the operator's compartment, is easier, especially with regard to visual inspections, if the materials testing machine has a swiveling screen. In one embodiment, the screen is advantageously mounted so that it can be moved along the materials testing machine or one of its columns. In another embodiment, the swivel arm is connected to the base, the floor plate, or a control unit housing of the materials testing machine.

[0083] The screen is advantageously hinged to the material testing machine or its column. An (imaginary) angle formed by a plane of the screen or by a plane on the screen and at least one of the crossbeams, particularly in relation to a projection plane, can be reduced by moving the screen relative to a front edge of the base plate, for example by folding it inwards. The adjustable angle can also be determined relative to the second column. The angle can be reduced relative to the second column.

[0084] In other words, the material testing machine has a screen mounted on a swivel arm if it is intended to be particularly flexible and easy to operate. The screen is movable and can be moved out of one of the optical axes. This frees up the optical axis, allowing an operator to visually inspect the material sample.

[0085] The screen can (also) have an input field, like a second input field. In this case, the screen provides a user with an input interface.

[0086] Advantageously, the material testing machine is equipped with at least one camera, such as a stereo camera.

[0087] If the camera is part of the screen or attached to the screen, its field of view can be directed towards the sample recording room by adjusting the angle of the screen, especially past the second column.

[0088] Advantageously, the swivel arm is connected to the base or the base plate or to a control unit housing of the material testing machine.

[0089] In an advantageous embodiment, the swivel arm can have at least one hinge joint and one ball joint. The swivel arm has a fixed point that is located closer to the underside of the second column than to the underside of the first column.

[0090] Part of the material testing machine can be at least one light source, such as a cold light source or an alignment laser.

[0091] The material testing machine can include at least one second camera, either on the first column or on the movable crosshead. The second column can be positioned, in particular, on one side of the movable crosshead adjacent to the first column. The optical axis of the second camera can intersect the sample receiving area, thus enabling optical verification of sample alignment between the tools, especially between the sample holders.

[0092] The at least one light source may have optics designed to focus the light from the light source in a horizontal direction.

[0093] The optics can be designed to widen a beam of light from the light source in a vertical direction along an adjustment line.

[0094] The alignment line may be present on the second column and / or on the screen.

[0095] If the tools, especially the sample holders, are rotatable, they can be arranged so that they span a central plane.

[0096] The first sample holder may include a first clamping device. The second sample holder may include a second clamping device.

[0097] The sample holders allow the clamping plane to be set. The clamping plane can be formed by a direction orthogonal to a clamping force.

[0098] The clamping plane of the two clamping devices can, when viewed in a test force direction, have an angle of inclination in the angular range of 45° to 135°, in particular from 70° to 110°, to the, preferably straight, extended front face of the base plate or to the front face of the plinth.

[0099] The angle of attack is advantageously static and preset with the same angular size.

[0100] The front end face of the base plate can be flush with the front or the front.

[0101] The base plate can have a polygonal, e.g., rectangular, surface. In such a case, the surface can be divided into at least four quadrants. For construction purposes, four quadrants can be distinguished from one another.

[0102] All quadrants lie with one of their corners, specifically the corner of the quadrant, on a test axis. The quadrants are adjacent to each other, with the test axis extending vertically through the sample receiving space.

[0103] The first column stands in the first quadrant. The second column stands in the second quadrant, which is connected to the first quadrant only at one of its corners. The two quadrants merge into each other, particularly diagonally.

[0104] Between the first and second quadrants, there is a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant. Preferably, at least one of the input fields extends at least partially into the second quadrant and / or the fourth quadrant. The third quadrant is particularly column-free and preferably free of input fields. No column is located entirely within the fourth quadrant.

[0105] Column-free quadrants are located between column-containing quadrants. The two column-free quadrants merge into each other, particularly diagonally.

[0106] Further special aspects will be explained below.

[0107] The base or foundation of the column testing machine, in one embodiment the base plate, can be divided into four quadrants due to its (predominantly) rectangular shape. One of the two columns is mounted in two of the four quadrants. Two of the quadrants, namely the first and fourth quadrants, are front quadrants. Two of the quadrants, namely the third and second quadrants, are rear quadrants. Each pair of quadrants in the four quadrants supports one of the two columns. One of the columns is located in one of the front quadrants. The other column is preferably located mostly or entirely in the rear quadrant, the quadrant in front of which is column-free. Between the two quadrants with columns are column-free quadrants. The column-free quadrants offer an installation space extending above them for measuring and control components, such as...For optical monitoring instruments for aligning the test specimen between the specimen holder, in particular a two-part or two-part specimen holder, a first specimen holder or specimen holder part and a second specimen holder or specimen holder part. Each of the specimen holders has a clamping device comprising two clamping jaws and a clamping mechanism, preferably manually operated.

[0108] In addition to the columns in two of the four quadrants, with columnless quadrants being connecting pieces between column-equipped quadrants, the quadrants of the base plate can be supports for other parts and components of the column testing machine, e.g. for drive units such as a spindle motor.

[0109] The combinations and examples of implementation presented above can also be considered in numerous other connections and combinations.

[0110] Thanks to the inclined arrangement of the columns of the material testing machine, while maintaining the clear sample chamber width (the width of the test chamber), ease of use is improved, and the test chamber itself is not further restricted, retaining its standard dimensions. The clear width of the test chamber remains unchanged. The connecting line between the columns runs diagonally through the test chamber. The center plane of the sample (or test specimen) forms an angle with the diagonal between the columns.

[0111] The front (or back) sides of the columns are aligned with the edges of the base plate.

[0112] The test chamber, and thus the sample receiving chamber, is aligned parallel to the reference planes. A front of the control unit, a front of at least one of the columns, or a rear of at least one of the columns can be used as a reference plane. Character description

[0113] The present invention can be better understood by referring to the accompanying figures, which illustrate particularly advantageous embodiments by way of example, without limiting the present invention to these, wherein Fig. 1 shows a first perspective view of a material testing machine, Fig. 2 a second perspective view of a material testing machine similar to the one in Fig. The material testing machine shown in Figure 1 demonstrates Fig. Figure 3 shows a third perspective view of a material testing machine, which is located in Fig. 2 can be seen, Fig. 4 a top view, i.e. a view from above of the material testing machine according to Fig. 2 shows, Fig. 5 a horizontally guided cut through the material testing machine acc. Fig. Figure 2 shows the section being made horizontally below the movable traverse. Fig. Figure 6a shows a cross-section through another material testing machine, which is used in large parts of the area described in the Fig. 2 to 5 shown material testing machine corresponds to Fig. 6b an enlarged section A from Fig. 6a shows, Fig. Figure 7 shows a cross-section through another material testing machine, Fig. Figure 8 shows a cross-section through another material testing machine, Fig. Figure 9 shows another material testing machine with a temperature chamber, Fig. Figure 10 shows another material testing machine in a view from below. Character description

[0114] In the following exemplary embodiments of a material testing machine 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VIThe same or similar parts are designated with the same reference numerals, possibly differentiated by apostrophes or Latin numbers as indices. This is intended to indicate that the following descriptions of a component, assembly, or functional group of one of the embodiments I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII are directly, immediately, and without further ado transferable to the other embodiments II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, I. In other words, a component or assembly of a first embodiment can be replaced by an equivalent embodiment, recognizable by the same reference numeral but with a different exponent.

[0115] Fig. Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a material testing machine 1, on which the two eyelets 89, 89 are still attached. IAs can be seen, the material testing machine 1 can be moved and aligned while suspended from a crane so that it is optimally positioned in a room, i.e., optimally aligned. In this process, the operator installing the material testing machine 1 typically orients themselves using the base plate 3 and its front 79. The base plate 3 is part of a box-like plinth 2. The front 79 extends into the front side 79. II of the base 2 above or the front side 79 IIThe base 2 is located beneath the base plate 3. The base plate 3 is oriented so that the alignment of the material testing machine 1, determined by its orientation, is at a suitable location in space relative to reference points and / or reference locations (e.g., in relation to other testing machines or in close proximity to an operating robot). Precise horizontal alignment of the base plate 3 is particularly advantageous, and a stable base 2 is essential.

[0116] The material testing machine 1 has two columns 5, 7 and three crossbeams 9. I , 10, 10 IThe two columns 5 and 7 have the same height 111. A bottom surface 137 of the first column 5 is connected to a bottom surface 139 of the second column 7 via a lower crossbeam 10 recessed into the floor. The bottom surfaces 137 and 139 of the columns 5 and 7 are placed on and fastened to a top surface 173 of the lower crossbeam 10. The top surface 173 is laterally flush with the surfaces 4 and 4. I on, which belong to the two-part base plate 3. An upper crossbeam 10 I The vertical end of the material testing machine 1 is formed at height 111. The upper crossbeam 10 I It has a length of 151 and forms an upper cover for the two columns 5 and 7. The upper crossbeam 10 I Together with the lower crossbeam 10, it determines the distance between the parallel columns 5 and 7. Lower crossbeam 10 and upper crossbeam 10 I Together with the two columns 5, 7, they form a dimensionally stable rectangle, serving as a counter-support for test forces.

[0117] The material testing machine 1 is equipped with a first traverse 9 I equipped with a mechanism that is movable along columns 5 and 7, in particular parallel to the lower crossbeam 10, also referred to as the second crossbeam 10. Continuing the numbering of the crossbeams 9 I , 10, 10 I as the first traverse 9 I etc. the upper traverse can be 10 I also as a third traverse 10 I These are designated as also running parallel to the first traverse 9 I is. At the trusses 9 I , 10, 10 I , especially on the second traverse 10 and on the first traverse 9 I , each can be a tool, e.g. a sample holder 11, 13, which is in Fig. As shown in section 2, the tool can be attached. One possible configuration of the tool on the traverse 9 is as follows: I An anvil is shown as tool 12 (see Fig. 1) A resting on the anvil 12 (in Fig. 1 (not shown) material sample (see below) Fig. 2 with the location for the material sample M) can be accessed by means of the movable, yet fixed, traverse 9 I are subjected to a force, e.g., a pressure force on the material sample (compare the one in Fig. 2 (indicated by dashed lines, material sample M) can act. For this purpose, at assembly point 12 I on the movable first crossbeam 9 I A suitable tool, such as an actuator and a force gauge (not shown), can be attached. Those in the following are particularly well suited for use: Fig. 2 to 5 shown - with clamping jaws 15, 15 I , 17, 17 I equipped clamping devices 15, 15 I , 17, 17 I and sample holders 11, 13 for clamping a material sample M. The sample holder 13 is attached to the crossbeam 9 as an additional tool (see Fig. 1) Mountable. For most material tests, a sample receiving chamber 21 is located between the first crossbeam 9. I and the second traverse 10. More precisely, the sample receiving space 21 extends from the tool 12 to a tool (yet to be attached) on the movable traverse 9. I , which, depending on the type of material testing, may include, for example, a sample holder 13. Along the length 151 of the fixed crossbeams 10, 10 I Viewed, the sample reception chamber 21 is located in a central area 20 above the base plate 3. One position of the first traverse 9 I is along height 111 until reaching a material sample height (not shown, see material sample M in Fig. 2) Adaptable. In that central area 20, an operator (or a control unit) can make adjustments to the material testing machine 1 for material testing.

[0118] Sample receiving chamber 21 is clearly designed for monitoring material tests. Precise positioning and holding of the material sample are also important for high testing accuracy and reproducibility (see material sample M in [reference missing]). Fig. 2) The columns 5 and 7 should obstruct the view of the central area 20 and the sample receiving chamber 21 from different directions as little as possible, e.g., by means of their covers. Work with the material sample is also facilitated by a light source 84 with a light-focusing optic (see...). Fig. 5 and the optics shown there 85 I ) on the movable traverse 9 I and facilitates an adjustment line 87 on the second column 7.

[0119] To the in Fig. The material testing machine 1 shown in Figure 1 includes a control unit 50. Control electronics are housed, but not visible, in a control unit housing 51. The control unit housing 51 extends along the second column 7 to a stop 49. The surface of the second column 7 provides a stop 49 against which other components, such as the control unit 50, rest and are thus aligned with the column 7. Associated with the front 79, on the base 2 or on the bottom plate 3 (or on the front part of the bottom plate 3), is a hand recess 53 for an ergonomically favorable resting position of the operator's hand (not shown). Frequently used operating buttons 59 are located on the base 2 or on the bottom plate 3 (or on the front part of the bottom plate 3). II 59 II , 59 IV , 59 V are grouped in a second input device 57 of the control unit 50, towards which the hand recess 53 leads. Further control buttons 59, 59 IThe input devices 55 and 57, for starting the material testing machine 1, and an emergency stop switch 61, which is present for increased safety, are combined in a first input device 55 of the control unit 50. For interactive operation with the control unit 50, the control unit is connected to a screen 93, which is arranged on the control unit housing 51 offset from the input devices 55, 57 and the hand recess 53, and pointing laterally away from the second column 7.

[0120] Fig. 2 shows, together with the Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a material testing machine 1 I , which are similar to the material testing machine 1 (see Fig. 1) is designed, but is equipped with further assemblies, components and attachments, such as the sample holders 11, 13. Similar components, such as the columns 5, 7, are provided with the same reference numerals. The in Fig. The material testing machine shown in 1 can therefore be considered a material testing machine 1 I according to the Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 by integration and by adding further components, such as by adding an optical measuring device 82, an optical sensor 81 or a camera 81 (see Fig. 5) will be redesigned. The in Fig. The material testing machine shown is, so to speak, a basic set of equipment, or rather, it shows a type of device in which almost all parts are identical or similar to the corresponding ones from the Fig. 2 to 5 known parts of the material testing machine 1 I , same or similar to the corresponding ones from Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b known parts of the material testing machine 1 II , same or similar to the corresponding ones from Fig. 7 known parts of the material testing machine 1 III , same or similar to the corresponding ones from Fig. 8 known parts of the material testing machine 1 IV , same or similar to the corresponding ones from Fig. 9 known parts of the material testing machine 1 V or equal or similar to the corresponding ones Fig. 10 known parts of the material testing machine 1 VI However, as explained below, individual parts, assemblies and components may be adapted.

[0121] As in Fig. 2, which together with Fig. As discussed in section 3, it is evident that the material testing machine 1 is... I the upper traverse 10 III on columns 5, 7 with two transport bores 91, 91 I Each of the columns 5 and 7 is equipped with a second sample holder 13. The movable traverse 9 has this holder on its underside, positioned above the first sample holder 11 on the lower traverse 10. II The sample holders 11 and 13 define a sample receiving space 21. Ibetween the crossbeams 9, 10”. Each of the two sample holders 11, 13 has two clamping jaws 15, 15 I , 17, 17 I In other words, two clamping jaws 15, 15 I The first clamping device includes the first sample holder 11 and two clamping jaws 17, 17. I The second clamping device belongs to the second sample holder 13. With the clamping devices 15, 15 I , 17, 17 I is a material sample M in the sample receiving chamber 21 I fixable. For this purpose, each of the sample holders 11, 13, e.g., the second sample holder 13 as shown, can be fixed in an angular position 14 (in relation to the direction of the crossbeam 9 or in relation to a clamping plane 16). II or with regard to the material sample M along the test axis 18 I) are aligned. Based on the angular position 14, it is possible to align the material sample M straight with respect to the front end face 72, while the two columns 5, 7 are arranged obliquely to the front end face 72 and define the sample receiving space 21. I Limit laterally.

[0122] How to continue based on Fig. The lower traverse 10 can be seen in section 2. II The first column 5 is inserted transversely into the base plate 3. It is associated with a first lateral edge 75 of the base plate 3 and the front 79. The first lateral edge 75 extends from the front 79 along the length of a narrow side 78 to the rear edge 73 of the base plate 3. A front end face 72 of the base plate 3 belongs to the front 79 of the material testing machine 1. IStarting from the front end face 72, the second column 7 is set back by an arrangement depth 63 towards the rear edge 73. The second column 7 is located closer to the rear edge 73 of the base plate 3 than the first column 5. This results in a transverse orientation of the lower crossbeam 10. II in the base plate 3 and thus also a transverse position of the two other crossbeams 9, 10 III above the base plate 3. A front edge extends along the front face 72 of the base plate. The front edge 71 is lowered relative to the second column 7 to form the hand recess 53. The arrangement of the hand recess 53 with a depth 63 in front of the second column 7 is particularly advantageous for right-handed operation of the control buttons 59. II , 59 III , 59 IV , 59 Vthe second input device 57. The second input device 57 and the first input device 55 are arranged, viewed along the front face of the base plate 3, between the second column 7 and a second lateral edge 77 of the base plate 3. The second lateral edge 77 is further away from the first column 5 than the first lateral edge 75. The control unit housing 51 extends along the second lateral edge 77 towards the rear edge 73 of the base plate 3, and the second column 7 forms a stop 49 for the control unit housing 51. The operating buttons 59, 59 I , 61 of the first input device 55 are vertically stacked on top of each other between the screen 93 I and the second column 7 arranged and thus for an operator (not shown) who alternates his attention between the screen 93 and the sample recording room 21 I facing, easily accessible. Both sample holders 11, 13 are attached to their crossbeams 9, 10II The material sample M is mounted in a rotatable manner. By adjusting the sample holders 11, 13 to an angular position 14, the sample holders 11, 13 can be positioned in a preferred direction for better observation of the respective material test. The second column 7 hardly obstructs the field of view.

[0123] For preferably left-handed operation, an ergonomically particularly favorable mirror-image version of a material testing machine can also be used, which is a mirror image of material testing machine 1. I is set up, can be provided without deviating from the idea of ​​the present invention.

[0124] As in Fig. As can be clearly seen, all components (except their drive 31 - cf.) are built. Fig. 4) the material testing machine 1 I , e.g. the columns 5, 7 and the control unit in its control unit housing 51, into the area above the base plate 3, thus in the direction of the height 65 above the base plate 3.

[0125] Based on Fig. 3. Selected aspects of the force action in the material testing machine 1 are discussed. I as explained below.

[0126] In the Fig. The 3 illustrated sample holders 11, 13 are positioned along the test axis 18. I A material sample can be clamped in place. A directed clamping force can be applied using a clamping mechanism 16. I between the clamping jaws 17, 17 I of the sample holder 13. Similarly, the first group holder 11 can also be used to secure a material sample (not shown) between the clamping jaws 15, 15. I formed. The clamping force direction 16 I is therefore perpendicular to the test axis 18 I The test axis 18 I , which proceed through the rehearsal recording room 21 I extends, lies in a clamping plane 16 II The clamping level 16 II extends perpendicular or orthogonal to the clamping force 16 I(or their vectorial direction). A position of the clamping plane 16 II in rehearsal recording room 21 I is determined by the orientation of the two sample holders 11, 13. That clamping plane 16 II is thus oriented at an angle 19 with respect to a front edge 71 of the base plate 3. The arrangement of the sample holders 11, 13 above the base 2 of the material testing machine 1 I is clearly (in the sense of completely) visible. The angle of attack 19 can, for example, be selected within an angular range in which one side of a material sample (cf. material sample M acc. Fig. 2) can be seen, which requires special attention or consideration during material testing. A test force direction 18 is along the test axis 18. I This is specified, for example, when it involves a material test by tensile or compressive stress on a material sample. Counterforces to the test force 18 are applied in the material testing machine 1.I via a connection (not visible - cf. the one in Fig. The forces are derived or compensated by the spindles 37, 38 shown in Figure 5 between the movable crossbeam 9 and the lower crossbeam 10. If a torsion test is part of the material testing, it is also possible to fix the angle of inclination 19 for one sample holder, such as the second sample holder 13, and to actuate the other sample holder, such as the first sample holder 11, to apply a torsional force (not shown). During a torsion test, the required counterforce is also compensated via the crossbeams 9, 10 and in the columns 5, 7. Each material test can be initiated using the input devices 55, 57 and the screen 93. I be controlled or monitored.

[0127] In Fig. Figure 4 shows a view of the material testing machine 1. IShown from above. With respect to a central area 20 above the base plate 3 on the plinth 2, there is a front surface area 4 and a rear surface area 4. I The base plate 3 is distinguishable. The first column 5 of the material testing machine 1 is located in the front surface area 4. I The hand recess 53 is located in the front area 4. The front edge 71 of the base plate 3 runs along the first column 5 to the hand recess 53 over a length of 78. I a long side of the base plate 3. A column side 131 of the first column 5 is aligned parallel to the front edge 71 of the base plate 3. The rear edge 73 of the base plate 3 is parallel to a back side 133 I the second column 7. On the back 133 I The spindle motor 33 of the spindle drive 31 is attached. The second column 7 and the spindle motor 33 are thus located on the rear surface area 4. Ithe base plate 3. The spindle motor 33, with its housing (without reference marking), abuts the control unit housing 51. The control unit housing 51 is located in the rear surface area 4. I on the base plate 3. The second input device 57, which has a second input field 58 with control buttons, such as the control button 59 II The second input device 57 is located on the base plate 3 in front of the control unit housing 51. It is positioned 101 meters from the front edge 71 of the base plate 3 beyond the area of ​​the handle recess 53. Furthermore, it is positioned 103 meters from the side guide or stop (stop limit 49) of the second column 7. The front edge 71 is curved towards the second input device 57 in the area of ​​the handle recess 53. This is also the case when viewed from... Fig. 5 from the top onto the material testing machine 1 I The emergency stop switch is 61 - as in Fig. 4 - clearly visible. The upper crossbeam 10 I It is screwed onto the first column 5 and the second column 7 with 4 screws each. Below the transport holes 91, 91 I in the upper traverse 10 I There are bearing points for spindles (not visible). Opposite the stop limit 49 on the second column 7 is the control unit housing 51.

[0128] Under the control unit housing 51, which is located on the base plate 3, according to Fig. 4 a swivel arm 95 for the screen 93 I attached to the base 2. The swivel arm 95 thus has a fixed point 98, which is fixed to the base 2. The fixed point 98 is located in a hinge joint 96 of the swivel arm 95. Via a second hinge joint 96 I and a ball joint 97 is the screen 93 I Positionable. A tilt angle of 99° of the screen 93°. I regarding the trusses, such as the upper truss 10 I, can be adjusted by changing the swivel arm 95 so that a camera 80 is attached to the screen 93 I is focused on the central area 20. Using camera 80, a material sample in the central area 20 can be optically detected and displayed on screen 93. I magnified display. This allows even the smallest changes to material samples to be observed on screen from a safe distance during material testing. 93 I to be observed. For better illumination of the central area 20, the screen offers 93 I a light source 86 so that the camera 80 can produce an optically high-resolution image on the screen 93 I can reproduce.

[0129] As shown by the Fig. Figure 4 shows a base plate 3 as the foundation of a material testing machine 1. I wider than the construction depth of a traverse 10 IThe foundation-like base plate 3 provides space and installation areas for a drive motor 33 and a control unit in a control unit housing 51. The rear, second column 7 offers stop limits 49 against which the control unit housing 51 and the drive motor 33 can be positioned. This enables an optical axis 83 intersecting the test chamber 29, which is accessible in front of one column 7 and behind the other column 5 and visibly connects these areas above the base plate 3, even though the distances to the manually operated components of the material testing machine 1 are considerable. I , such as the distance 101 to the input device 57, which lies within an operator's radius.

[0130] A cross-sectional plane of the material testing machine 1 I out of Fig. 4, where the upper traverse is 10 I The lack of better visibility is in Fig. 5 shown.

[0131] In Fig. 5 is schematically the first sample holder 11 on the lower crossbeam 10 below the sample receiving chamber 21. I The sample receiving chamber is part of a test chamber 29 above the base plate 3. The test chamber 29 also includes an optical installation chamber 23 and an operator room 25. An operator room 27 is a room in which an operator (not shown) of the material testing machine 1 is located. I can be stopped. The operator compartment 27 can be separated from the test compartment 29 by a transparent protective plate (not shown) if access to the operator compartment 25 is to be blocked for safety reasons.

[0132] The in Fig. 5 also shown screen 93 I The first camera 80, integrated therein, is located on the swivel arm 95 in a position swiveled back relative to the second input device 57, e.g., for performing a manual material sample change. The screen 93 IServes (as needed) by segment control of the screen 93 I for emitting white light, also as a light source 86 for the first camera 80. On the screen 93 I An adjustment line 87 is achieved through segment control. I can be displayed horizontally and / or vertically with a predefinable line width, which is located in continuation of the optical axis 83.

[0133] The hollow profile 39 of the first column 5 and the hollow profile 39 IThe second column 7 each sits on the lower crossbeam 10 and is rigidly connected to it. The stop 49 on the control unit housing 51 is located above the base plate 3. The spindle motor 33 is located on the base 2 between the rear edge 73 of the base plate 3 and the second column 7. The spindle motor 33 is positioned adjacent to the second column 7 and the control unit housing 51. Additional components for the synchronous rotation of the spindles 37 and 38 are housed in the base 2 (not visible). The spindles 37 and 38 have the same thread pitch (not shown). The first spindle 37 extends in a first spindle channel 45 of the first column 5. The second spindle 38 extends in the second spindle channel 45. I of the second column 7. The spindle channels 45, 45 I are therefore in the hollow profiles 39, 39 I trained. The spindles 37, 38 are each mounted in a spindle bearing 177, 177 IThe lower crossbeam 10 is rotatably supported. The spindle channels 45, 45 I are via a longitudinal slot 141, 141 I each to rehearsal recording room 21 I open. The longitudinal slots 141, 141 I enable a connection from the first spindle 37 to the second spindle 38 along a continuous movable traverse (see traverse 9 in Fig. 6a).

[0134] A second camera 81, which is attached to the rear of the first column 5, is positioned in the sample recording room 21. I aligned. Above the first sample holder 11, an optical axis 83 extending from the second camera 81 through the optical assembly 23 extends. The second camera 81 is equipped with a light source 85 and an optic 85 I combined components belonging to an optical measuring device 82. The light source 85 provides a laser beam as an optical measuring beam L. The optical measuring beam L is filtered through the optics 85. IThe sample holder 11 can be fanned out vertically. It is located in the control compartment 25. Using the second camera 81 and the light source 85, e.g., a laser, a material sample can be installed in the sample holders, such as the first sample holder 11, with particularly precise vertical alignment. The first camera 80 is positioned on the screen 93, which is oriented towards the sample holder 11. I The position of the material sample can be checked from a direction other than along the optical axis 83, namely a direction that intersects the front edge 71 of the base plate 3. The screen 93 I , in particular together with its camera 80, can be considered a component of the optical measuring device 82.

[0135] By combining the Fig. 4 with the Fig. 5 reveals – at least to a trained eye – the drive 31 with its drive motor 33. In the Fig. 4 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the drive motor 33 acts (directly) on the spindle 38 via a gear transmission. The movable crossbeam 9 engages with the spindle 38, which is attached to the column 7 (see Figure 5). Fig. 2) so that the crossbeam 9 can be raised (and lowered if necessary) using the spindle 38. The (drive) motor 33 is located directly adjacent to the column 7 in the base plate 3.

[0136] As from Fig. As can be seen in figure 5, the spindle 38 is in the column 7, more precisely, in the spindle channel 45. I integrated.

[0137] In Fig. 6a is a material testing machine 1 II shown, in whose depiction the upper traverse (see traverse 10) I in Fig. 4) omitted for better illustration. A lower traverse 10 II runs parallel to the movable crossbeam 9. The movable crossbeam 9 is from the exemplary embodiment of the material testing machine 1.I according to the Fig. 2 to 5 are known. This already known traverse 9 with its side guides 157, 163 and its guide segments (e.g. the guide segment 159) is shown in the Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b is presented larger and more clearly.

[0138] In a first pillar 5 I There is a first spindle 37. In a second column 7 I A second spindle 38 is located. The two spindles 37, 38 are rotatable in the same direction by the motor 33 via a drive 31 located beneath the base plate 3 and not visible from the surface. By rotating the spindles 37, 38, the movable traverse 9 can be moved vertically between the lower traverse 10. II and an upper crossbeam (see crossbeam 10) I in Fig. 1) proceed. The movable traverse 9 has a length 153, the length 153 passing by both the first spindle 37 and the second spindle 38. The movable traverse 9 comprises a hollow profile 155. A straight line 175 (constructively conceived or designed as an aid), which runs along the movable traverse 9, has an angle 109 with respect to a front end face 72 of the base plate 3. The straight line 175 can also be used to form a second angle 109 I to remove material from a rear end face 74 of the base plate 3. The two angles 109, 109 I (Angle 109 to the front face 72 and angle 109 IThe angles to the rear end face 74 are each less than 90°. The first spindle 37 is in a position closer to the front end face 72 than the (comparable) position of the second spindle 38. The second spindle 38 is located closer to the rear end face 74 than the first spindle 37. It can also be said that the second spindle 38 is located closer to the control unit housing 51. I The second spindle 38 is located closer to the spindle motor 33 than the first spindle 37.

[0139] The control unit housing 51 I (the one in Fig. 6a shown material testing machine 1 I ) includes a first input field 56 I and a second input field 58 I The input fields 56 I , 58 I are arranged at an angle to each other for ease of use. The second input field 58 I begins with a distance of 101I from the front face 72, spaced in the middle area of ​​the base plate 3. The input field 58 I starts behind a gap of 101 I and rises at a slight angle.

[0140] On the control unit housing 51 I is a monitor 93 I Movable or swivel-mounted.

[0141] As can be seen from excerpt A, with which a Fig. 6a area shown around the first column 5 I , who in Fig. The enlarged section shown in 6b, which is marked and particularly easy to see, shows the columns 5. I , 7 I each as hollow profiles 39 II , 39 III trained. The two hollow profiles 39", 39 III One of the two hollow profiles 39 can be rotated II , 39 III They can be mentally rotated 180° to coincide with each other. The hollow profile 39 II , as seen from a glance at Fig. Figure 6b, which is particularly easy to see, has several cavities, such as cavity 43, which contribute to the good stability of column 5. I contribute to reducing elastic deformations. The cavities 43 also contribute to a reduced column weight. The movable traverse 9 comprises a first guide segment 159 and a second guide segment 165 (see Fig. 6a) at opposite ends, a first end 161 and a second end 167. In the hollow profile 39 II A spindle channel 45 is present, which is partially enclosed by a spindle channel wall 41. A central axis of rotation 48 of the first spindle 37 is located in the center of the spindle channel 45. The central axis of rotation 48 has a greater minimum distance from the front end face 72 than a central axis 113 of the first column 5. I As in Fig. As is particularly evident in Figure 6b, the first guide segment 159 forms a first lateral guide 157 of the movable traverse 9. The first guide segment 159 provides an inner guide surface 169 opposite the spindle 37, which, designed as a thread, forms a support 171 for the movable traverse 9 on the spindle 5. I offers. From the spindle channel 45, a first longitudinal slot limiting side 145 and a second longitudinal slot limiting side 147 extend outwards, which are located at edges 119, 121, 121 I the first pillar 5 I on outer surfaces 117, 118 of column 5 I skip over. Two edges 119, 121 of column 5 I , which are rectangular columns 5 I a total of four corners (see corner 125 in Fig. 7) Associated edges such as edges 119 and 121 define the outer surface 118, at which the longitudinal slot 141 opens from the spindle channel 45. An opening edge 121 IThe longitudinal slot 141 runs approximately centrally on one of the outer surfaces 118, and an adjacent opening edge runs at or on an edge 119 that bounds the outer surface 118. On the screen 93 I A position measuring device 179 is mounted on the facing outer surface 118, which allows for the precise determination of the position of the movable crossbeam 9 above the lower crossbeam 10. II (see Fig. 6a) enables. As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6a, the second lateral guide 163 of the movable traverse 9, which is formed by the second guide segment 165, is located in the second column 38. A rotary center 48 I the second spindle 38 in the second spindle channel 45 I has a smaller minimum distance to the rear end face 74 of the base plate 3 than a central axis 115 of the second column 7 I . A second spindle channel wall 41 I limits the second spindle channel 45 I. The second spindle channel wall 41 I surrounds the movable traverse 9 at its second end 167.

[0142] The three versions, which are in Fig. 7, in Fig. 8 and in Fig. Figure 10 shows the quadrant divisions of the base plate 3. I plotted using quadrants Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4. Based on the Fig. 7 and Fig. The quadrant division shown in Figure 8 can be directly and equally applied to all other embodiments. That is, each of the base plates 3 (see Figure 8) Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 10), 3 I (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) and 3 II (see Fig. 9) can be divided into at least four quadrants Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, of which two quadrants Q1, Q2 are column-supported, while the other two quadrants Q3, Q4 are column-free.

[0143] Base plate 3 I the in Fig. 7 shown material testing machine 1 III has a front 79 I , extending along the first quadrant Q1 and the fourth quadrant Q4, and a rear edge 73 I , which extends along the second quadrant Q2 and the third quadrant Q3. A drive 31 I It sits in the middle, it is located near the lower traverse 10 IV . Components of the drive 31 I are located under the base plate 3 I and are with the first spindle 37 I and the second spindle 38 I coupled. The spindles 37 I , 38 I are each located in their own spindle channel 45 II 45 III a first pillar 5 II or a second pillar 7 II . Such a spindle, like spindle 37', is located inside the column, e.g. the first column 6 ( Fig. Figure 8 shows an alternative to this with regard to the spindle arrangements, whereas most other designs for material testing machines 1 III , 1 IV according to Fig. 7 and according to Fig. 8 are identical to each other).

[0144] Base plate 3 I the in Fig. 7 material testing machines shown 1 III represents a comprehensive spatial limitation of the material testing machine 1 III on a standing surface (not shown). The control unit housing 51 II It is wedge-shaped and rests on base plate 3 I to an attack 49 I at the second pillar 7 II attached. On the control unit housing 51 II are control connections 32 I available, which can be used for data exchange with an external computer station via a data bus. The control unit housing 51 II It also has an emergency stop switch 61 Ion. The ones that are hollow profiles 39 IV , 39 V trained pillars 5 II , 7 II Each spindle channel wall has 41 II 41 III and cavities, such as cavity 43 I . The backs of the columns 133", 133 III of the two columns 5", 7 II are in an angular position with respect to the rear edge 73 I the base plate 3 I and are parallel along the lower traverse 10 IV aligned. One column side 131 II , which are at the first pillar 5 II is drawn and lies between a first corner 125 and a finishing edge 178 as well as an opposite finishing edge 178 I and extends to a second corner 127, providing access to the interior 6 of the first column 5 II free. A mirror image on the second pillar 7 II The existing column side (without reference mark) accordingly provides access to the interior 8 of column 7. IIfree. Between the end edges 178, 178 I a longitudinal slot 141 II with a slot width of 143. A corresponding longitudinal slot 141 III is at the second pillar 7 II present, with the longitudinal slots 141", 141 III the bi-ended mounting of a movable traverse (see traverse 9 in Fig. 6a) serve. The connecting edges 178, 178 I They serve to guide a movable traverse laterally (e.g., traverse 9 in Fig. 6a) and can also be used as finishing edges 178, 178 I to be designated. A width of 143 of the longitudinal slot 141 II is smaller than a diameter of 47 of the spindle channel 45". The lower crossbeam 10 VI is on base plate 3 I set up.

[0145] At the in Fig. 8 shown material testing machine 1 IV The control unit housing overlaps 51 III the rear edge 73 I the base plate 3 Ior extends over the rear edge 73 I the base plate 3 I out. This means that data bus port 32 II on the control unit housing 51 III particularly easy to access. The control unit housing 51 III It has an emergency stop switch 61 on its front. II . In the base plate 3 I are a first spindle channel 45 IV and a second spindle channel 45 V present, which are used for the execution of spindles (not shown, see spindles 37', 38) I in Fig. 7) to the drive 31 I They serve. The spindles are offset from the first column 5. III or to the second pillar 7 III on base plate 3 I arranged. It can also be seen from next to the pillars 5. III , 7 III freestanding spindles are mentioned, which are only attached to the crossbeams, such as the lower crossbeam 10. VI the movable trusses not shown (see truss 9 in Fig. 6a) and the upper traverse (see traverse 10) I in Fig. 1) are guided. Here, the lower traverse connects 10 VI and the upper crossbeam not shown, the two columns 5 III , 7 III firmly.

[0146] The first pillar 5 III and second pillar 7 III have a greater distance between them than the first spindle channel 45 IV and the second spindle channel 45 V A first straight line 180 between the first column 5 III and the second pillar 7 III has a larger or steeper angle relative to the front 79 I as a second straight 180 I , which, as a design aid, defines the first spindle channel 45 IV and the second spindle channel 45 V connects. In other words, the straight lines are 180, 180 I as connecting lines 180, 180 I angled towards each other and overlapping in the central area 20 IIn that geometry, the front 79 can be viewed in the same way. I through the front 79 I belonging front edge 71 I to be replaced. This means the configuration of material testing machine 1 is now complete. IV Stable for applying vertically oriented test forces to a material sample. The first spindle channel 45 IV and the first pillar 5 III are located in the first quadrant Q1. The second spindle channel 45 V and the second pillar 7 III are located in the second quadrant Q2 of the base plate 3 I The first quadrant Q1 and the second quadrant Q2 are each connected to the third quadrant Q3 and the fourth quadrant Q4, which together provide good stability in the lateral direction. All four quadrants Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 converge at a common corner E. In addition, there are points of contact between only two quadrant corners, such as corner contact points E1 and E2.

[0147] The in Fig. 9 shown material testing machine 1 V has a base plate 3 II , a drive motor 33 I and a control unit housing 51. The control unit housing 51 includes an emergency stop switch 61 and a control panel 57 (similar to the control unit housing 51). I , known from Fig. 6a).

[0148] The material testing machine 1 V , which in Fig. 9 can be seen, with a screen 93 I equipped with a swivel arm 95. With the help of the swivel arm 95, a camera 80 can be attached to the screen 93. I be directed towards a rehearsal recording room 21". The rehearsal recording room 21 IIis located within a temperature control chamber 181. The temperature control chamber 181 contains a thermostat 189, with which a selectable temperature can be set by heating or cooling in the temperature control chamber 181 for material testing. The temperature control chamber 181 extends over a rear edge 73 II the base plate 3 II outwards, with optically transparent side walls 185, 187, which define the sample reception chamber 21 II enclose, between a first pillar 5 IV and a second pillar 7 IV the material testing machine 1 V are routed through them. The pillars 5 IV , 7 IV Each spindle channel has 45 VI 45 VII on, in which spindle 37 II , 38 II extend vertically. The temperature control chamber 181 has a removable door 183, which allows, on the one hand, the insertion of the temperature control chamber 181 into the material testing machine 1. V on base plate 3 II above the base 2 Ifacilitated and, on the other hand, transparently designed, optical monitoring of the sample reception room 21 II enabled by an operator. The material testing machine 1 is made possible by the arrangement of the control unit housing 51 at the stop 49. V Particularly compact. For particularly good thermal insulation, the door 183 and the side walls 185, 187 are made of quartz glass or a robust plastic such as Plexiglas.

[0149] Fig. Figure 10 shows the base 2 of a material testing machine 1 VI from below with the base cover removed. The drive 31 housed in base 2 II includes a drive motor 33, which is driven via belts 35, 35 I 35 II with the first spindle 37 III and the second spindle 38 III is coupled. The drive 31 II is an indirect drive 31 II , which ensures a uniform rotation of the spindles 37 III , 38 IIIThe control unit housing 51 ensures this. I It sits particularly space-efficiently and ergonomically at a stop limit 49 between the second spindle 38 III and the screen 93 I The control unit housing 51 I is integrated into the base plate 3 on the bottom side in such a way that electrical feedthroughs from the control unit housing 51 are possible. I into the socket. The control unit housing 51 I is by a distance of 101 II set back from a front edge 71 of the base plate 3, the front edge 71 being used for the distance dimension outside the area of ​​the grip recess 53. The grip recess 53 is located in a fourth quadrant Q4 of the base plate 3. The first spindle 37 III The second spindle is located in the first quadrant Q1 of the base plate 3. IIIThe drive motor 33 is located in a second quadrant Q2 of the base plate 3. The third quadrant Q3 serves to further improve the stability of the base 2 and, in particular, as a counterweight to the screen 93. I The drive motor 33 can be supplied with electrical current via connections 32 on the rear end face 74 of the base plate 3. (Regarding the material testing machine 1) VI It also includes a screen 93 1 , which is shown from below. Screen 93 I It can be pivoted in the area of ​​the 4th quadrant Q4 via the base plate 3. The lower crossbeam 10 is recessed into the base plate 3. The lower crossbeam 10 forms a rigid connection between the rotatably mounted first spindle 37. III and the rotatably mounted second spindle 38 III .

[0150] The different design variants of a material testing machine 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1V , 1 VI They can also be combined with each other in a variety of ways.

[0151] The in Fig. 10 drive units shown 31 II , which is largely integrated into the base plate 3, can be used, for example, in each of the material testing machines 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI be installed and the movement device or means of movement (e.g. via the spindles 37, 37) are located there I , 37 II , 37 III ) on the movable traverse 9. The above explanations regarding the drives 31, 31 I can also be used on drive 31 II be transferred.

[0152] In all presented material testing machines 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI are the pillars 5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III(in relation to either the front 79, 79 I or the front edge 71, 71 I ) set at different distances, i.e. also diagonally offset from each other, or in relation to a fixed edge such as the front edge 71, 71 I placed.

[0153] The design options shown in the individual figures can not only be combined in any way, but they can also be connected to each other in any way.

[0154] This makes it possible to drive 31, 31 I , 31 II about in the hollow profiles 39, 39 I , 39 II , 39 III , 39 IV , 39 V running spindles 37, 37 I , 37 II , 38, 38 I , 38 II or parallel to columns 5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IVdriving components in each of the previously discussed material testing machines 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI to realize.

[0155] For better and easier comprehension, individual aspects, such as screen 93, 93 I , such as its swivel arm 95, such as the placement of the input devices 55, 57 with their input fields 56 I , 58, 58 I , such as cameras 80, 81 and such as the relative arrangement of the spindle channel 45, 45 I 45 II 45 III 45 IV 45 V 45 VI 45 VII in relation to pillars 5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 51 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV , solely on the basis of specially designed configurations I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII of the material testing machines 1, 1I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI shown, while all combinations with and without those design variants as well as with and without the mounting and attachment parts on one of the material testing machines 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI - understandably - this is also possible in all other versions.

[0156] Likewise, each of the presented floor panels can be 3, 3 I , 3 II divide into quadrants Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, so that column-less quadrants Q3, Q4 and column-supporting quadrants Q1, Q2 are present in every version of the material testing machines 1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI can be found. Reference symbol list 1, 1 V , 1 II , 1 III ,1 IV , 1 V , 1 VIMaterial testing machine, in particular of design type I, II, III, IV, V, VI or VII 2, 2 I base 3, 3 I , 3 II Base plate, which serves as a foundation or footing 4 Surface of the base plate, such as a front area of ​​the top of the base plate 4 I Surface of the base plate, like a rear area of ​​the top of the base plate 5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III ,5 IV first column, in particular hollow profile column 6 Interior of the first column 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III ,7 IV second column, in particular hollow profile column 8 Interior of the second column 9, 9 I first traverse, in particular movable traverse 10, 10 II , 10 IV ,10 VI second traverse, in particular floor-recessed traverse 10 I , 10 IIIthird truss, especially top truss 11 first sample holder 12. First tool, especially anvil 12 I Mounting point for a second tool 13 second sample holder 14 Angular position, in particular angular position with respect to a median plane, such as the plane of rotation 15, 15 I first clamping device, in particular a clamping device having clamping jaws 16 Clamping mechanism, in particular clamping screw 16 I Clamping force, in particular clamping force direction 16 II Clamping level 17, 17 I second clamping device, in particular a clamping device having clamping jaws 18 Test force direction 18 I Test axis 19 Angle of attack 20, 20 I central area, especially the central area above the base plate 21, 21 I , 21 IIRehearsal recording room 23 optical installation space 25 Control room 27 Operator's room 29 Test room 31, 31 I , 31 II Drive, in particular spindle drive, such as a toothed belt drive 32, 32', 32" connectors, especially for power supply lines, interlock and a data bus 33, 33 I Drive motor, in particular spindle motor 35, 35 I 35 II drive belt 37, 37 I , 37 II ,37 III spindle, especially first spindle 38, 38 I , 38 II 38 III spindle, especially second spindle 39, 39 I ,39 II , 39 III , 39 IV , 39 V Hollow profile, especially aluminum mounting profile 41, 41 I 41 II 41 III Wall, in particular spindle channel wall of a hollow profile 43, 43 I cavity 45, 45 I 45 II 0.45 III 45 IV 45 V 45 VI 45 VII Spindle channel 47 Diameter of the spindle channel 48 central axis of rotation through the spindle channel of the first column 48 central axis of rotation through the spindle channel of the second column 49, 49 I Limit 50 Control unit, especially with control electronics 51, 51 I , 51 II ,51 III control unit housing 53 Hand support or hand recess 55 first input device 56 I first input field 57 second input device, control panel 58, 58 I second input field 59, 59 I , 59 II ,59 III , 59 IV , 59 V Control button 61, 61 I , 61 II Emergency stop switch 63 Arrangement depth of the second column 65 Height above the base plate 71, 71 I front edge, in particular of the base or foundation slab, which serves as the base plate 72 front face, in particular the base or foundation plate, which serves as a base plate 73, 73 I , 73 II rear edge, in particular of the base or foundation slab, which serves as a standing plate 74 rear end face, in particular the base or foundation slab, which serves as a base plate 75 first lateral edge, in particular of the base or foundation slab, which serves as a base plate 77 second lateral edge, in particular of the base or foundation slab, which serves as a base plate 78 Length of one narrow side of a base plate 78 I Length of one long side of a base plate 79, 79 I Front, especially the base plate 79 II Front of the base 80 Camera, especially first camera, such as a stereo camera connected to a monitor 81 Camera, like a second camera, especially optical sensor 82 optical measuring device 83 optical axis, in particular the optical axis intersecting the sample space 84 Light source, in particular light source with optics on the movable traverse 85 Light source, especially alignment laser 85 I Optics of the light source 86 Light source 87, 87 I Adjustment line 89, 89 I eyelet 91, 91 I Transport borehole 93, 93 I Screen, in particular display and control monitor, such as a flat screen operable by touch in a display field 95 Swivel arm 96, 96 I hinge joint 97 Ball joint 98 Fixed point 99 angles, in particular the positioning angle of the screen in relation to a truss 101, 101 I ,101 II Distance, in particular distance from the control room to the input device 103 Spacing, in particular spacing from an input field to a page guide 109, 109 I angle 111 Height of a column 113 Central axis of the first column, in particular the first central axis relating to a column cross-section 115 Central axis of the second column, in particular the second central axis relating to a column cross-section 117 Outer surface of a column, in particular the first side surface 118 Outer surface of a column, in particular the second outer surface 119 first edge of a column 121 second edge of a column 121 I edge of a longitudinal slot 125 first corner of a column 127 second corner of a column 131, 131 II , column side 133" Back of column, especially back of the first column 133 I , 133 III Back of column, especially back of the second column 137 Underside of the first column 139 Underside of the second column 141, 141 I ,141 II , 141 III longitudinal slot 143 Width of a longitudinal slot 145 first boundary side of a longitudinal slot 147 second boundary side of a longitudinal slot 151 Length of a fixed truss 153 Length of a movable traverse 155 Hollow profile of a traverse, in particular cross-section of the hollow profile 157 first lateral guide of a traverse 159 first leadership segment 161 first end 163 second lateral guide of a traverse 165 second management segment 167 second end 169 Internal guide surface 171st edition, especially threads 173 Surface of the lower traverse 175 Straight along the movable traverse 177, 177 I Spindle bearing 178, 178 I Finishing edge 179 Position measuring device of the movable traverse 180 Straight line on the lower crossbeam through both columns 180 I Especially on the lower crossbeam through both spindle channels 181 Temperature chamber 183 Door 185 first side wall 187 second side wall 189 Thermostat Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Quadrant A section E corner of quadrants, especially the point of contact of four quadrant corners E1 Corner of quadrant, especially point of contact of two quadrant corners E2 corner of quadrant, especially point of contact of two quadrant corners M Material sample L optical measuring beam QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 44 35 159 C

[0005] DE 10 2011 054 202 B4

[0006] WO 2010 040 326 A1

[0007] WO 2011 015 170 A2

[0007] US 3,203,232 A

[0014] US 2019 / 0 180 059 A1

[0015] US 5,945,607 A

[0017] GB 2 275 782 A

[0018] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] ASTM E1012-14, DIN EN ISO 527-1:2019-12, DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2017-02

[0008] DIN EN ISO 7500-1:2016-05

[0008] DIN EN ISO 6892-1 (2017

[0036]

Claims

[1] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ), such as a column testing machine, especially for tensile loads, compressive loads and / or bending loads of material samples (M), one base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) with a front (79, 79 I ), two on the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) arranged columns (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ), that is, a first pillar and a second pillar, and one on the two pillars (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) movable, in particular first, crossbeam (9, 9 I ) shows, wherein a first tool (12), in particular a first sample holder (11), is attached to the traverse (9, 9 I ) is appropriate and a second tool (12 I ), in particular a second sample holder (13) is arranged opposite the first tool (12), and wherein between the traverse (9, 9 I ) and the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) a sample recording room (21, 21 I , 21 II ) extends, characterized by , that the second pillar (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) a limit (49, 49 I ) between the sample recording room (21, 21 I , 21 II ) and an input device, and that the first pillar (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IIIV , 5 IV ) less from the front (79, 79 I ) the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) spaced apart on the base plate (3, 3I , 3 II ), especially freely accessible from all sides, rising up as the second pillar (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ), the second, further towards the front (79, 79 I ) spaced column (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) is flanked by at least the input device (55, 57), which are located at least partially at a height, in particular a horizontal height, or at an arrangement depth (63) of the second column (7, 7', 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) above the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) is located. [2] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the first pillar (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV ) is located closer to the user than the second pillar (7, 7 I, 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ), where the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) for one located at the front of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) adjoining operator room (27) is designed, from where the sample recording room (21, 21 I , 21 II ), the input device (55, 57) and the tools, in particular the sample holders (11, 13), at a distance (101, 101 I , 101 II ), which is particularly less than an arm's length, are achievable. [3] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that an included angle (109, 109 I ) between a straight line, along the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) has been drawn, and a front edge of the base plate (3, 3I , 3 II ) has a value in an angular range of 5° to 85°, preferably from 20° to 35°. [4] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the pillars (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) Hollow profile columns (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) are, where either in each column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 II ) along one of the columns, in particular in the direction of a height (111) of the column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 II), a preferably circular spindle channel (45, 45 I 45 II 45 III 45 VI 45 VII ), in particular for receiving a drive spindle (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III , 38, 38 I , 38 II , 38 III ) and one in the spindle channel (45, 45 I 45 II 45 III 45 VI 45 VII ) opening longitudinal slot (141, 141 I , 141 II , 141 III ) is present, wherein the longitudinal slot (141, 141 I ) preferably has a smaller width (143) than a diameter (47) of the spindle channel (45, 45 I 45 VI 45 VII ), wherein in particular a first limiting side (145) of the longitudinal slot (141, 141 I ), which forms a spindle channel wall (41, 41 I) with an outer surface (117) of the column, has a greater extent than a second boundary side (147) of the longitudinal slot (141, 141 I ), which the spindle channel wall (41, 41 I ) with an outer surface (118) of the column (5, 5 I , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 IV ) connects, or at least one of the drive spindles (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III , 38, 38 I , 38 II , 38 III ) parallel, especially outside, to the columns (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) is arranged. [5] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to claim 4, characterized by , that the pillars (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) are rectangular, wherein the respective longitudinal slot (141, 141 I , 141 II , 141 III ) of a column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) opens closer to a first edge (119) of the column than to a second edge of the column (121), where both edges (119, 121) are assigned to the same column side (118) or the two edges (119, 121) to two adjacent corners on the rectangular column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) belong. [6] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized by , that a central axis of rotation (48, 48 I ) through the spindle channel (45, 45 I 45 II 45 III 45 IV 45 V 45 VI45 VII ) of a column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) laterally offset relative to a cross-section of the respective column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) related central axis (113, 115) extends, wherein the central axis of rotation (48) passes through the first spindle channel 45, 45", 45 IV 45 VI ) of the first column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV ) closer to a front end face (72) of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) is arranged as the central axis of rotation (48 I ) through the second spindle channel (45 I 45 III 45 V 45 VII ) of the second pillar (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV) and in particular is arranged closer to the front face (72) than a first central axis (113) of the first column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV ) and as a second central axis (115) of the second column (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ), and wherein the central axis of rotation (48 I ) through the second spindle channel (45 I 45 III 45 VII ) closer to a rear end face (74) of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) is arranged as the second central axis (115) of the second column (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ). [7] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized by , that the movable traverse (9, 9 I) is designed as a hollow profile (155) with a rectangular cross-section and extends into an interior (6) of the first column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV ) and into an interior (8) of the second column (7, 7', 7 II , 7 IV ) into the respective longitudinal slot (141, 141 I , 141 II , 141 III ) his column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) extends into. [8] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the traverse (9, 9 I ) a first lateral guide (157) with a first guide segment (159), which forms a first end (161) of the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) is, and a second lateral guide (163) with a second guide segment (165) which has a second end (167) of the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) is, wherein preferably the guide segments (159, 165) each have at least one inner guide surface (169) for support on a lifting element, such as on a spindle, in particular a drive spindle (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III , 38, 38 I , 38 II , 38 III ), has. [9] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) in each of the two columns (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) on one of the rotatable drive spindles (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III , 38, 38 I , 38 II, 38 III ), i.e., on a first drive spindle (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III ) and on a second drive spindle (38, 38 I , 38 II , 38 III ), is led, wherein in particular a two-stage toothed belt drive (31, 31 I , 31 II ) in a base (2, 2 I ) under the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) for a synchronous rotation of the rotatable on the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) mounted drive spindles (37, 37 I , 37 II , 37 III , 38, 38 I , 38 II , 38 III ) is trained, and wherein preferably a drive motor (33, 33 I ) of the toothed belt drive (31, 31 I , 31 II ) at the second pillar (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 IV ) on a reverse side (133 I , 133 III ) of the second column (7, 7', 7 II , 7 IV) is mounted. [10] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) at least one input field (56, 58, 58 I ), in particular as part of the input device (55, 57), for inputting control commands to the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) and / or for control data for the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 IV , 1 VI ) exhibits. [11] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to claim 10, characterized by , that where the input field (56, 58, 58 I ) to the second lateral guide (163) has a smaller distance (103) than to the first lateral guide (161). [12] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) two fixed ones, the two columns (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) connecting trusses (10, 10 I , 10 II , 10 III , 10 IV , 10 VI ), in particular a second traverse (10, 10 II , 10 IV , 10 VI ) and a third traverse (10 I , 10 III ), exhibits wherein a surface (173) of a lower traverse (10, 10", 10 IV , 10 VI ) or the second, in particular stationary, crossbeam with a surface (4, 4 I ) the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) is flush, and wherein the sample reception room (21, 21 I , 21 II ) in a mid-range (20, 20 I ) above the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ), in particular above the first tool (12) such as the sample holder (11). [13] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) along one of the top surfaces of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) or of the base (2, 2 I ) assignable diagonals, which preferably define two corners of the base (2, 2I ) over the top of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) connects, extends, wherein preferably at least one narrow side of the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) and / or the base (2, 2 I ) has a shorter length (78) than a length (153) of the movable traverse (9, 9 I ) and in particular at least one narrow side has a shorter length (78) than a length (151) of each of the two fixed crossbeams (10, 10 I , 10 II , 10 III , 10 IV , 10 VI ) has. [14] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any one of claims 3 to 13, characterized by , that the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 IV , 1 VI ) a screen mounted on a swivel arm (95) (93, 93) I) exhibits, and an angle (99) resulting from a position of the screen (93, 93) I ) and at least one of the trusses (9, 9 I , 10, 10 I , 10 II , 10 III , 10 IV , 10 VI ) in a projection plane relative to each other, by folding the screen (93, 93 I ) to the leading edge (71, 71 I ) the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) towards or to the second pillar (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) can be reduced in size. [15] Material testing machine (1 I , 1 V ) according to claim 14, characterized by , that the screen (93 I ) an input field, like a second input field, offers and equipped with at least one camera (80), such as a stereo camera, whose field of view is adjusted by an angle adjustment of the screen (93) I ), in particular past the second pillar (7, 7IV ) to the sample recording room (21 I ) can be aligned. [16] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to claim 14 or claim 15, characterized by , that the swivel arm (95) with the base (2, 2 I ) or with the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) or with a control unit housing (51, 51 I , 51 II , 51 III ) of the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 V , 1 VI ) is connected, wherein the pivot arm (95) preferably has at least one hinge joint (96, 96) I ) and has a ball joint (97) and in particular the swivel arm (95) has a fixed point (98) which is located closer to a bottom side (139) of the second column (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 II , 7 IV ) than at a bottom (137) of the first column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5III , 5 IV ) is located. [17] Material testing machine (1, 1 I ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one light source (84, 85), such as a cold light source or an alignment laser (85), and / or at least one second camera (81) on the first column (5, 5 I ) or on the movable crossbeam (9, 9 I ), in particular at one of the first pillars (5, 5 I ) associated side of the movable traverse (9, 9 I ), is arranged, whose optical axis (83) defines the sample receiving space (21, 21 I ) cuts, which in particular allows for sample alignment between the tools (12, 12 I ), in particular between the sample holders (11, 13), can be visually verified. [18] Material testing machine (1 I ) according to claim 17, characterized by , that the at least one light source (85) optics (85) I) which is designed to focus light from the light source (85) in a horizontal direction, and the optics (85 I ) to widen a beam of light from the light source (85) in a vertical direction along an adjustment line (87, 87 I ) is designed, where the adjustment line (87, 87 I ) on the second column (7) and / or on the screen (93) I ) is available. [19] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the first tool (12), in particular the first sample holder (11), and the second tool, in particular the second sample holder (13), with respect to a traverse movable by the crosshead (9, 9 I ) and the two pillars (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV , 7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV), in particular from the two central axes of rotation (48, 48 I ), are rotatable in the spanned median plane into an angular position (14) intersecting the median plane. [20] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 V ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the first sample holder (11) a first clamping device (15, 15 I ) includes and the second sample holder (13) includes a second clamping device (17, 17 I ) includes, wherein preferably a respective clamping force is given by orthogonal directions (16 I ) formed clamping plane (16 II ) of the two clamping devices (15, 15 I , 17, 17 I ) when viewed in a test force direction (18) a respective angle of attack (19) in the angular range of 45° to 135°, in particular in an angular range of 70° to 110°, to the, preferably straight, front end face (72) of the base plate (3, 3II ) or to the front (79 II ) of the base (2, 2 I ) has, wherein the angle of attack (19) is in particular statically preset with the same angular size and in particular the front end face (72) of the base plate (3, 3 II ) flush with the front (79 II ) or the front (79, 79 I ) is arranged. [21] Material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) a polygonal, e.g. a rectangular, base area that can be subdivided into four quadrants (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), wherein all quadrants (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) with one of their corners (E), namely the corner of the quadrant that lies on a test axis (18 I ) lies adjacent to each other, with the test axis (18 I) especially vertically through the sample receiving chamber (21, 21 I , 21 II ) extends, and wherein in a first quadrant (Q1) the first column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV ) stands and in a second quadrant (Q2) adjacent to the first quadrant (Q1) only via the corner (E) of the first quadrant (Q1) the second column (7, 7 I , 7 II , 7 III , 7 IV ) stands, wherein in particular between those two quadrants (Q1, Q2) there is a third quadrant (Q3) and a fourth quadrant (Q4), wherein at least one of the input fields extends at least partially into the second quadrant (Q2) and / or into the fourth quadrant (Q4) and the third quadrant (Q3) is in particular column-free and preferably input field-free and in particular the fourth quadrant (Q4) is column-free. [22] Methods for material testing, in particular with a material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) according to any of the preceding claims, where a material sample (M), in particular a metallic material sample, is placed in a test chamber (29) of a material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) is arranged to be preferably subjected to pressure and / or tension, e.g. with fluctuating force profiles, characterized by , that an optical axis (83) of the test chamber (29) parallel to an edge (71, 71 I , 73, 73 I , 73 II ) a base plate (3, 3 I , 3 II ) of the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) is arranged, which is preferably directed by the material sample (M), especially when it is being tested, wherein an optical measuring device (82) sends an optical measuring beam (L) along the optical axis (83), either behind a column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV ) of the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 11 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) starts and / or parallel to behind a column (5, 5 I , 5 II , 5 III , 5 IV ) of the material testing machine (1, 1 I , 1 II , 1 III , 1 IV , 1 V , 1 VI ) suffices.

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