Method for producing a deposit with a slanted deposit edge

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing backings (10) on tooth flanks (3) of a gear (1), wherein the backings (10) have backing surfaces (11, 12) which abut adjacent sections (16) of a tooth flank (3) with backing edges (13, 14). According to the invention, spindle motors (31, 32) for driving a workpiece spindle (20) and a tool spindle (21) are driven such that the backing edges (13, 14) are inclined at an angle (α) to a plane of rotation (D1, D2) about an axis (9) of the workpiece (1), and in particular in the same direction in which an edge (8) of a roof surface (6) is inclined relative to a plane of rotation (D3) at an angle (β).

Description

field of technology

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing backings on a toothed gear with teeth arranged around an axis, each tooth flank having tooth flanks, wherein at least some of the tooth flanks each have a backing with at least a first backing surface extending offset relative to a tooth flank extension surface, which adjoins the tooth flank at a backing edge, wherein a toothed workpiece is rotaryally driven by a workpiece spindle, wherein a cutting edge tool having at least one cutting edge is rotaryally driven by a tool spindle synchronously with the workpiece spindle 1, wherein a cutting edge movement of the cutting edge is generated by a feed with a radial directional component in the axial distance direction of the workpiece spindle and the tool spindle and a phase shift between the rotation of the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle.which, by removing material section by section, creates the backing in at least one of the tooth flanks of the workpiece.

[0002] The invention further relates to a device for carrying out such a method. State of the art

[0003] DE 32 40 165 A1 describes a method for manufacturing chamfers on the end faces of gear teeth. Such chamfers, which are also described in DE 1 048 762 B, are used in transmissions to facilitate shifting when two toothed elements of a transmission are to be brought into tooth engagement, for example, when a sliding sleeve is to be engaged with a gear. To maintain this tooth engagement, the gear teeth have recesses. These recesses are locally confined depressions in the tooth flank into which sections of teeth from a sliding sleeve can engage to maintain the gear's position. The sliding sleeve has tooth flanks complementary to those of the gear teeth, through which force is transmitted. The contact surfaces of the tooth flanks should be as large as possible to optimize power transmission.

[0004] A method for producing deposits is described, for example, in DE 10 2015 104 242 A1. In this method, the axes of the workpiece and the tool run parallel to each other. Both axes are operated synchronously and, in particular, are each driven by electric motors that are synchronized via a control system. The feed has a radial component, relative to each of the axes of rotation. More generally, this directional component of the feed is directed in the axis spacing direction.

[0005] The specified contour line of the backing is maintained by changing the phase relationship of the two rotational movements during the change in the axis distance. A corresponding method is described in DE 101 16 259 B4.

[0006] If a cutting edge tool used in the production of the backings has a cutting edge running parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool axis, then, during such a superimposed feed movement, a backing with a backing surface is produced that is the bottom surface of a recess in the tooth flank, which can run parallel to the tooth flank surface. The edge of this backing surface runs in a plane of rotation around the workpiece axis of rotation, which is also the axis of rotation of the gear being machined in this way.

[0007] If a gear manufactured in this way has the chamfers described at the beginning, in which the edges of the roof surfaces are usually not in the plane of rotation of the gear, a flank surface is created between the edge of the backing and the so-called switching edge (transition edge of the roof surface into the tooth flank) which has two boundary edges that do not run parallel to each other, so that this flank surface is trapezoidal.

[0008] The invention is based on a toothed gear with teeth arranged around an axis, each tooth having tooth flanks, wherein at least some of the tooth flanks have a backing with at least a first backing surface extending offset relative to a tooth flank extension surface, which adjoins the tooth flank at a backing edge, and a method for manufacturing such backings, wherein a toothed workpiece is rotaryally driven by a workpiece spindle, wherein a cutting edge tool having at least one cutting edge is rotaryally driven by a tool spindle synchronously with the workpiece spindle, wherein a cutting edge movement of the cutting edge is generated by a feed with a radial directional component in the axial distance direction of the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle and a phase shift between the rotation of the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle.which, by machining in sections, creates a backing in at least one of the tooth flanks of the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0009] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method by which the course of the backing edge can be influenced in order to optimize, in particular, the shape of flank surfaces adjacent to the backing with regard to their load-bearing properties.

[0010] The problem is solved by the invention specified in the claims, which relates to a method for producing backings and a device for carrying out the method. This makes it possible to produce backings whose backing edge is inclined to a plane of rotation of the gear teeth that is perpendicular to the axis.

[0011] The first and main proposal is that the feed rate be given an additional directional component that runs transversely to the axis distance direction. This additional directional component can be directed in the axial direction of the gear and extend along the tooth flank direction.

[0012] DE 44 10 743 A1 describes a method for producing backings, wherein the bottom of the depression forming the backing does not form a single surface, but consists of several sub-surfaces. Such a backing can, for example, have two backing surfaces that adjoin each other at a vertex. In cross-section, the two backing surfaces can, for example, form a V-shaped line, with each backing surface transitioning into the tooth flank by forming a backing edge. In the prior art, the two backing edges, as well as the backing vertex located between the backing edges, each lie in a plane of rotation.The invention also includes a method for producing such backings, consisting of backing surfaces inclined to the flank surface, whose backing edges have a pre-adjustable angle to the plane of rotation, in order to allow for the free design of a flank section relative to the end face of the gear tooth, even with such backings. The method described above can then be modified such that the phase shift used to produce generic backings is modified in such a way that a transition edge of two cutting edge sections of the cutting edge tool is advanced along a curved line, for example, a helical path, relative to the tooth flank, along which the backing apex is to run. Similarly, a backing surface can also be produced whose surface sections are radii and which has a vertex line formed by a radius.The cutting edge can be rounded, with the rounding having a vertex corresponding to the greatest distance of the cutting edge from its axis of rotation. In other embodiments of the invention, the cutting edge can also have several, in particular straight, cutting edge sections.

[0013] The feeds in the three directions (axis direction, center-to-center direction, and azimuthal direction) are superimposed such that portions of the backing are cut section by section, i.e., in successive individual cuts. The apex of the cutting edge is guided along a line relative to the tooth flank on which the apex line of the backing is to extend. The two backing surfaces can be of different sizes. A larger backing surface can be inclined at a first angle to the tooth flank. The second, significantly smaller backing surface can be inclined at a second angle to the tooth flank. The apex line is preferably inclined away from the plane of rotation towards the smaller backing surface, for example, by a base point of the apex line. The sections of the larger backing surface, cut section by section into the tooth flank, connect to each other seamlessly.The apex of the cutting edge thus migrates with each cut—if it begins at the tooth root—by a certain amount away from the plane of rotation passing through the root point, with the cutting edge that cuts the larger backing surface performing the subsequent cut following the already cut surface. However, it is also possible to begin the successive cuts at the tooth head, in which case the position of the apex of the cutting edge, during the successive cuts, approaches a plane of rotation passing through the root point of the undercut's apex line. Here, too, it is intended that the individual cuts follow at least the larger backing surface. Brief description of the drawings

[0014] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. The figures shown are: Fig. 1 an externally toothed gear 1 with teeth 2, Fig. 2 a side view of the number wheel 1 according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 an internally toothed gear 1 with teeth 2, Fig. 4 the section IV in Fig. 1 in a perspective view, Fig. 5 a cut approximately according to lines VV in Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, Fig. 6 a top view of a tooth head 4 of a tooth 2 approximately in the direction of arrow VI in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 or Fig. 5, Fig. 7 a representation according to Fig. 5 of a second embodiment, Fig. 8 a top view of a tooth head 4 of a tooth 2 in the direction of arrow VIII in Fig. 7, Fig. 9 a representation according to Fig. 5 of a third embodiment, Fig. 10 a top view of a tooth head 4 of a tooth 2 in the direction of the arrow X in Fig. 9, Fig. 11 in a sectional view through a tool rotation axis A1 and a workpiece rotation axis A2 a tool head 24 engaged in a toothing of a workpiece 1, Fig. 12 the intervention position according to Fig. 11, however along the intersection line XII-XII in Fig. 11, Fig. 13 enlarges the one in the Fig. 11 shown engagement of the cutting edge tool 22 during the production of a backing 10, Fig. 14 a representation according to the Fig. 6, Fig. 8 or Fig. 10 to illustrate the course of the deposit margins 13, 14 and a vertex line 15, Fig. 15 the sequence of several successive contour cuts of a cutting edge, each of which cuts a backing surface 11 into a tooth flank 3 of a tooth 4 section by section, Fig. 16 a front view of a cutting edge tool 22 having two cutting edges 23, Fig. 17 the view according to arrow XVII in Fig. 16 on the cutting edge tool 22, Fig. 18 schematically a machine tool for carrying out the procedure and Fig. 19 the cut according to line XIX-XIX in Fig. 18. Description of the embodiments

[0015] The Fig. Figures 1 to 4 show the prior art described in an earlier application of the applicant (DE 32 40 165 A1). Fig. Figure 1 shows an externally toothed gear 1 with teeth 2, where only one tooth is shown. Fig. Figure 2 shows the side view of gear 1, which Fig. Figure 3 shows an internally toothed gear 1 with teeth 2 and the Fig. Figure 4 shows, in perspective, the chamfers of the end faces of the teeth 3 described in the application. Using a method as described therein, or a method as described in DE 10 48 762, roof surfaces 6 are produced by machining. These surfaces may be rounded (DE 10 48 762) or meet at a ridge line 7 (DE 32 40 165 A1). In both cases, the roof surfaces adjoin the tooth flank 3 of the tooth 2, forming a boundary edge 8. This boundary edge 8 typically does not run in a plane of rotation with respect to an axis 9 of the workpiece 1, but rather has an angle of inclination to such a plane of rotation. Fig. Figure 2 shows this inclined course of the edge 8.

[0016] The course of the edge 8 depends on the shape of the cutting edge of the roof edge tool and the flight circle of the roof edge tool. Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 7 shows embodiments in which the inclination angle β (to a plane of rotation D3) increases from the tooth root 5 either towards the face of the tooth ( Fig. 5) or descends towards the face of the toothing ( Fig. 7).

[0017] In gear teeth of such design for manual transmissions, depositions are worked in using methods described in older applications, for example in DE 100 02 188 A1 or DE 101 16 259 B4. This is done with a deposition tool, such as those found, for example, in the Fig. Figures 11 to 13 are taken from DE 100 02 188 A1. A workpiece spindle 20 drives a chuck in which a workpiece 1, for example a pre-toothed gear, is clamped. In the exemplary embodiment, this is an internally toothed gear 1 with teeth 2 into which backings 10 are to be milled. For this purpose, a tool rotation axis A1 runs parallel to, but at a distance from, a workpiece rotation axis A2.

[0018] Cutting edge tools 22 project radially from a tool spindle 21, each forming at least one cutting edge 23. The cutting edges 22 are used to machine the components, particularly those located in the Fig. 6, Fig. 8, Fig. 10 and Fig. The backing surfaces 10 shown in Figure 14 are machined into the tooth flanks 3 of the teeth. For this purpose, the tool spindle 21 is driven in a rotary motion synchronized with the workpiece spindle 20, so that the cutting edge 23 moves on a path that machines a backing surface 11 into the tooth flank 3, which is a bottom surface of a recess brought into the tooth flank 3.

[0019] During machining, the tool, i.e., the tool head 24, is moved in a feed direction V1 relative to the workpiece 1. Here, the feed direction V1 is a radial feed relative to the two parallel axes A1 and A2.

[0020] The Fig. Figure 15 shows an illustration from another earlier application, namely DE 101 16 259 B4, in which the path of the backing surface 11 is specifically adjusted by a phase shift between the rotation of the tool axis A1 and the workpiece axis A2. Here, the phase shift is superimposed on the feed V1 and thus corresponds to an azimuthal feed V2. The cutting edge trajectories, labeled with the Roman numerals I to X, show how the backing 10 is produced section by section, by removing only a partial section of the tooth flank 3 each time the cutting edge 23 passes through the tooth gap 17. With such a contouring process, the backing surface 11 can be given an individual contour.The sections of the backing surface 11 produced in the individual successive cuts merge into each other following surfaces, so that in each of the individual cuts only a partial surface is cut, which gradually approaches either the tooth root or the tooth head.

[0021] However, the previously described method can only produce such backings 10 where the backing edges 13, 14, at which the backing surface 11 transitions into a flank surface 3, 16, run in a plane of rotation with respect to the axis A2 of the workpiece 1. The backing edges 13, 14 or a vertex line 15 separating two inclined backing surfaces 11, 12 would then not run parallel to the edge edges 8 of the roof surface 6.

[0022] According to the invention, the previously described prior art method is further developed in that a further feed component V3 is superimposed on the feed V1, V2, which is directed parallel to the tool rotation axis A1 or workpiece rotation axis A2. The feed rate in the feed component V3, relative to the rate in the direction of the radial feed V1, is adjusted such that, section by section, in the Fig. In the movement sequence shown in 15, edge edges 13, 14 of the backing 10 are generated, which have an angle of inclination α to the plane of rotation D2, D1. Here too, the individual sub-surfaces are manufactured one after the other.

[0023] With the previously described method, namely the superimposition of the feed motion by a further feed component V3 in the axial direction, it is thus possible to generate inclination angles α which have the same tendency with respect to their inclination direction as the inclination angles β of the edge edges 8. It is therefore even possible to produce the backing edges 13, 14 parallel to the edge edge 8. However, the application of the method is not only suitable for providing chamfered teeth 2 with backings. With the method it is also possible to produce backings with inclined backing edges 13, 14, in which the edge edges 8 run in the plane of rotation or in which no edge edges 8 are present at all. With the method according to the invention, it is also possible to incorporate two backings side by side into a tooth flank, in which the backing edges 13, 14 of the different backings are inclined in opposite directions.

[0024] The Fig. 5 of another earlier application, namely DE 44 10 743 A1, shows a deposit with deposit edges running in the plane of rotation and additionally a deposit vertex extending in the plane of rotation.

[0025] The Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. Figure 14 shows a backing with backing surfaces which, as in the previously mentioned prior art, are inclined to the tooth flank. Unlike the previously described embodiment, the backing surfaces do not run parallel to the tooth flank 3. Here, the backing surfaces consist of two sub-surfaces 11, 12 which are inclined to each other, such that the two inclined backing surfaces 11, 12 abut each other, forming a vertex line 15. In the prior art, this vertex line 15 runs in a plane of rotation D1.

[0026] By a further modification of the method known from the prior art (DE 101 16 259 B4), such backings 10 with backing edges 13, 14 or a vertex line 15 can also be produced, in which the backing edges 13, 14 run at an angle α to the plane of rotation D1, D2. Here, the azimuthal feed component V2, i.e., the phase shift of the rotary motion of the tool axis of rotation A1 to the workpiece axis of rotation A2, must be modified such that a vertex 27, at which two cutting edge sections 25, 26 of a cutting edge 23 adjoin each other, runs on a curved line with respect to the contour of the tooth flank 3. During machining in the Fig. In the manner shown in Figure 15, where only one section of a backing 10 is produced at each tool pass, the vertex 27 follows a predetermined line, which can largely be a section of a helical path and which can run in a conical surface inclined at an angle α to a plane of rotation D1, D2. Here, the feed is carried out in the three feed directions such that the cutting edges of the cutting tooth, which cuts a larger backing surface 11, each produce a section of the backing surface 11 following the contours of the surface, whereby a section of the vertex line 15 is produced at each cut, which is offset from the section produced in the previous cut both in the axial direction of the workpiece 1 and in the azimuthal direction.

[0027] A tool for carrying out the procedure in the form of a cutting edge tool 22 is shown in the Fig. 16, Fig. 17, wherein a cutting tooth 2 has outwardly pointing cutting edges 23, each having two cutting edge sections 25, 26 that meet at a vertex 27. The cutting edge sections 25, 26 can be straight. In the region of the vertices 27, the two outwardly pointing cutting edges 23 are at their greatest distance from each other.

[0028] The Fig. 18, Fig. Figure 19 schematically shows the structure of a machine tool with a control unit 30 for controlling a spindle motor 31 for driving a workpiece spindle 20 and a spindle motor 32 for driving a tool spindle 21. The control unit 30 is programmed in such a way that the previously described method for generating inclined backings 10 can be carried out.

[0029] The foregoing statements serve to explain the inventions covered by the application as a whole, which each independently further develop the prior art at least through the following combinations of features, whereby two, several or all of these combinations of features may also be combined, namely:

[0030] A method characterized in that an additional directional component of the feed V3 is used to generate the backing edge 13, 14 transverse to the axis spacing direction, which is inclined by an angle α to a plane of rotation D1, D2 of the gearing perpendicular to the axis 9.

[0031] A method characterized in that the phase shift V2 has a first component to which a second component is superimposed, with which a vertex 27 of at least two cutting edge sections 25, 26 having or a rounded cutting edge 23 sectionally generates a vertex line 15 between two backing surfaces 11, 12 on a track curved in space, which runs parallel to the backing edge 13, 14.

[0032] A device characterized in that the control unit 30 is configured to carry out a method according to claim 1 or 2.

[0033] All disclosed features are essential to the invention (individually, but also in combination with one another). The disclosure of this application hereby incorporates in full the disclosure content of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the earlier application), also for the purpose of including features of these documents in the claims of the present application. The dependent claims, even without the features of a referenced claim, characterize independent inventive developments of the prior art, in particular for the purpose of filing divisional applications based on these claims. The invention specified in each claim may additionally comprise one or more of the features described above, in particular those identified by reference numerals and / or listed in the reference numeral list.The invention also relates to design forms in which individual features mentioned in the preceding description are not realized, in particular insofar as they are recognizably unnecessary for the respective purpose or can be replaced by other technically equivalent means. List of reference symbols 1 gear / workpiece 2 teeth 3 Tooth flank 4 Tooth head 5 Tooth base 6 Roof area 7 First line 8 Edge 9-axis 10 Deposit 11 Deposit area 12 Deposit area 13 Deposit margin 14 Deposit margin 15 Vertex line 16 Flank surface 17 tooth gaps 20 workpiece spindle 21 Tool spindle 22 cutting edge tools 23 Cutting edge 24 Tool head 25 cutting edge section 26 Cutting edge section 27 Vertex 30 Control unit 31 Spindle motor, workpiece spindle 32 spindle motor, tool spindle 33 Positioning drive A1 Tool rotary axis A2 workpiece rotary axis B Movement path D1 Plane of rotation D2 plane of rotation D3 Plane of rotation V1 radial feed V2 Phase shift / azimuthal feed V3 axial feed α angle β angle QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 32 40 165 A1 [0003, 0015] DE 1 048 762 B

[0003] DE 10 2015 104 242 A1

[0004] DE 101 16 259 B4 [0005, 0017, 0020, 0026] DE 44 10 743 A1 [0012, 0024] DE 10 48 762

[0015] DE 100 02 188 A1

[0017]

Claims

[1] Method for producing backings on a gear with teeth (2) arranged around an axis (9), each having tooth flanks (3), wherein at least some of the tooth flanks (3) each have a backing (10) with at least one first backing surface (11, 12) extending offset from a tooth flank extension surface and adjoining the tooth flank (3, 16) at a backing edge (13, 14), wherein a toothed workpiece (1) is driven by a workpiece spindle (20) wherein a cutting edge tool (22) having at least one cutting edge (23) is driven rotaryally by a tool spindle (21) synchronously with the workpiece spindle (20), wherein a cutting edge movement (B) of the cutting edge (23) is generated by a feed (V1) with a radial directional component in the axial distance direction of workpiece spindle (20) and tool spindle (21) and a phase shift (V2) between the rotation of tool spindle (21) and workpiece spindle (20), which sectionally removes the backing (10) in at least one of the tooth flanks (3) of the workpiece (1), characterized by , that with an additional directional component of the feed (V3) transverse to the axis spacing direction the backing edge (13, 14) is generated, which is inclined by an angle (α) to a plane of rotation (D1, D2) of the gearing perpendicular to the axis (9). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by, that the phase shift (V2) has a first component to which a second component is superimposed, with which a vertex (27) of a cutting edge (25, 26) having at least two cutting edge sections (25, 26) or a rounded cutting edge (23) generates section by section on a track curved in space a vertex line (15) between two backing surfaces (11, 12) which runs parallel to the backing edge (13, 14). [3] Device for producing deposits on a gear toothing, comprising a workpiece spindle (20) driven by a spindle motor (31) for driving a toothed work wheel (1) and a tool spindle (21) driven by a spindle motor (32) which rotates a cutting edge tool (22) with cutting edges (23), and a control (30) for controlling the spindle motors (31, 32), characterized by , that the control device (30) is configured to carry out a procedure according to claim 1 or 2. [4] Method or apparatus, characterized by one or more of the characterizing features of any of the preceding claims.

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