CONTROLS FOR HANDLING UNBALANCED LOADS ON ENERGY SOURCES

Abstract

Systems, apparatus, and methods for managing unbalanced loads for power sources are disclosed. A controller may receive a plurality of signals to be delivered to a plurality of branches of an inverter. The controller may detect, for a first signal from the plurality of signals, certain harmonic frequencies within a frequency band. Certain harmonics reflected from the frequency range are caused by an unbalanced load, or other harmonics are due to spatial generator harmonics. Both types of harmonics may be suppressed. The controller may, in response to identifying the unbalanced load or the generator harmonics, determine a setpoint corresponding to a resonant gain to be applied within the frequency band of the first signal.The controller may modify the first signal using the set value to generate a second signal that is applied to one of the plurality of branches of the inverter.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to and references U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 523,583, filed November 29, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates generally to energy systems and, more particularly, to systems and methods for controlling inverters. BACKGROUND

[0003] A power system can receive electrical power from various energy sources or transfer it to one or more electrically connected components. To transfer electrical energy, the power system can convert the energy from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) and vice versa. SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure relates to techniques for suppressing unbalanced harmonics in inverters. A controller may target harmonics in a reference frame (e.g., a direct quadrature zero (dq0) synchronous frame) resulting from unbalanced operation (e.g., due to irregular or nonlinear loads). The controller may use a neutral control branch of the controller to compensate for the unbalance with high dynamic bandwidth. To this end, the controller may include a control loop (e.g., proportional-integral (PI) control) with a filter (e.g., a proportional-resonant bandpass filter). This extension of the controller can be used to boost desired frequency bands and suppress other bands associated with unbalanced harmonics.By suppressing harmonics caused by unbalanced operation, the regulator can ensure stable voltage and power.

[0005] At least one aspect relates to a controller for managing unbalanced loads for energy sources. The controller may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The controller may comprise at least one processor configured to execute the instructions. The at least one processor may receive a plurality of signals to be provided to a plurality of branches of an inverter. The at least one processor may identify an unbalanced load outside a frequency band for a first signal of the plurality of signals. The at least one processor may, in response to identifying the unbalanced load, determine a setting value in accordance with a resonant gain to be applied within the frequency band of the first signal.The at least one processor may modify the first signal using the setting value to generate a second signal that is supplied to one of the plurality of branches of the inverter.

[0006] In some embodiments, the at least one processor may identify a component corresponding to the first signal from a plurality of components corresponding to the plurality of signals. In some embodiments, the at least one processor may determine, in accordance with the identified component, the frequency band and resonant gain to be applied to the first signal to suppress spatial voltage harmonics.

[0007] In some embodiments, the at least one processor may identify the unbalanced load at at least one frequency from a plurality of defined frequencies for the first signal. In some embodiments, the at least one processor may, in response to the identification, determine a second adjustment value to be applied to the frequency to suppress the unbalanced load.

[0008] In some embodiments, the at least one processor may select a second frequency band in which to search for the unbalanced load based on one of a plurality of components that corresponds to the first signal. In some embodiments, the at least one processor may determine that none of the plurality of signals corresponds to a reference signal. In some embodiments, in response to determining that none of the plurality of signals corresponds to the reference signal, the at least one processor may set the reference signal to a defined value to add it to the plurality of signals.

[0009] In some embodiments, the at least one processor may convert the plurality of signals in a first range into a second plurality of signals in a second range, adding at least one reference signal for a corresponding branch of the plurality of branches. The reference signal may be used to adjust the second plurality of signals. In some embodiments, the at least one processor may adjust the first signal via a proportional-integral (PI) controller, in parallel with the adjustment value applied to the first signal.

[0010] At least one aspect relates to a system for providing electrical power. The system may include a power source configured to provide electrical power. The system may include a regulator configured to be coupled to the power source. The regulator may convert the electrical power into a first plurality of signals. The system may include an inverter configured to be coupled to the regulator. The inverter may include a plurality of branches to receive a second plurality of signals. The system may include a plurality of component regulators within the regulator. Each of the plurality of component regulators may be configured to be coupled to the inverter.At least one component controller of the plurality of component controllers can detect a ripple within a frequency band of a first signal from the first plurality of signals. The at least one component controller can apply a setting value in accordance with a gain function defined for the at least one component controller to suppress the ripple within the frequency band. The at least one component controller can provide the first signal as a corresponding signal in the second plurality of signals to the plurality of branches of the inverter.

[0011] In some embodiments, the at least one component controller may apply a second adjustment value to increase a portion of the signal within a second frequency band in accordance with the gain function. In some embodiments, the at least one component controller may select the frequency band in which to monitor ripple based on one of a plurality of components defined for the at least one component controller.

[0012] In some embodiments, the system may include a signal equalizer to convert the first plurality of signals in a first range to the second plurality of signals in a second range, adding at least one reference signal for a reference branch of the plurality of branches of the inverter. In some embodiments, the at least one component regulator may be configured to be electrically connected in parallel with at least one component in the regulator with respect to the inverter.

[0013] In some embodiments, the controller may adjust the first plurality of signals according to a proportional-integral (PI) control function. In some embodiments, the energy source may comprise at least one of the following: a generator, a battery, a solar panel, a power plant, or a renewable fuel source.

[0014] At least one aspect relates to a method for controlling generator spatial harmonics. One or more processors may receive a plurality of signals provided to a plurality of branches of an inverter. The one or more processors may detect a generator spatial harmonic within a frequency band for one of the plurality of signals. In response to detecting generator spatial harmonics, the one or more processors may modify the signal using a resonant filter to suppress the generator spatial harmonics. The one or more processors may provide the modified signal to one of the plurality of branches of the inverter.

[0015] In some embodiments, the one or more processors may identify a component corresponding to the signal from a plurality of components corresponding to the plurality of signals. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may add a reference signal for a corresponding branch of the plurality of branches to the second plurality of signals.

[0016] In some embodiments, the one or more processors may adjust the plurality of signals with the modified signal using a proportional-integral (PI) control function. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may receive the plurality of signals from an energy source including at least one of a generator, a battery pack, a solar panel, a power plant, or a renewable fuel source. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may enhance a portion of the signal within a second frequency band using resonant amplification.

[0017] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present teachings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The disclosure will be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements unless otherwise indicated: Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a system for providing electrical power with treatment of harmonics due to unbalanced loads or spatial generator harmonics according to an exemplary embodiment; In the Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a power subsystem with inverter control for harmonic suppression according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a control device in a power subsystem according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of voltage regulation in a regulator of a power subsystem according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 5 shows a graph of the output voltages and currents in response to coupling to an unbalanced load with active harmonic suppression control according to an exemplary embodiment; and Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling asymmetric harmonics according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Below, various concepts and implementations of systems, methods, devices, and equipment for handling unbalanced loads for energy sources are described in more detail. The various concepts presented above and discussed in more detail below can be implemented in a variety of ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular type of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0020] A power subsystem can transfer electrical energy between an energy source (such as a battery, generator, renewable energy plant, or mixed-fuel energy source) and one or more loads or components electrically connected to the energy source. To regulate and enhance the transfer of electrical energy, the power subsystem can include a controller and an inverter electrically connected between the energy source and the loads. The inverter can perform direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) (also known as DC / AC) conversion (or AC / AC, DC / DC, or AC / DC conversions) for the electrical power between the energy source and the load. The controller can modify various characteristics of the electrical power transferred by the inverter, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase.The controller can also configure various functionalities of the line inverter when performing the transfer.

[0021] In certain power subsystem architectures, the controller can control the inverter via cascaded control loops in a synchronous reference frame or range. The architecture may include, among other components, an inner inverter and an outer load voltage regulator.

[0022] The controller can use a proportional-integral (PI) control loop structure with a second-order filter (e.g., with a lead and a lag component) at the front end of the control loop. This filter can be used to improve the stability of combined, potentially resonant components (e.g., filters) and load-side impedances.

[0023] However, for unbalanced loads, this control structure may be insufficient to maintain the output AC voltages at an acceptable level within specifications. In addition, the unbalanced zero-sequence current may be reflected as an additional frequency in synchronous DC signals with direct quadrature zero range (dq0). A ripple (e.g., at 120 Hz) may also affect the d- and q-sequence components, and another ripple (e.g., at 60 Hz) may also affect the zero-sequence component of the load AC voltage. This structure may result in performance degradation due to the delays caused by the ripples. Approaches to address these problems may fall short. For example, a single PI controller may be used to maintain the voltages, but with a high proportional gain (K p) across the entire frequency range is unable to completely solve the problem of harmonics resulting from unbalanced operation. In another example, a large capacitor can be used for voltage correction, but it does not respond quickly and takes up a lot of space in the controller.

[0024] To address these and other technical challenges, a voltage regulator in the controller can be configured with a proportional resonance (PR) control loop structure to suppress ripples in the load AC voltage. For example, the PR control loop structure can be used to suppress the 120 Hz ripple of the d- and q-sequence components and the 60 Hz ripple of the zero-sequence component. Suppression can be achieved by increasing the dq0 loop gain at the targeted frequencies, thereby reducing the steady-state control loop error. The PR controller can also act on the harmonics of the voltage waveform in the d- and q-sequence components. When coupled to a generator set (also referred to herein as a genset), the controller can act on the fifth and seventh harmonics of the spatial generator harmonics, for example.These harmonics can have different frequencies in the d- and q-range, and a bandpass filter (BPF) can be used to influence these different frequencies. The influence on multiple harmonics can be achieved using multiple controllers connected in parallel.

[0025] This control loop structure may include a resonant control component to act on the ripple frequencies. Because the component is connected in parallel with other components, the resonant control component can be treated as if the component were an isolated element. This can result in balanced AC voltages within the specification for unbalanced loads (e.g., as the maximum single-phase line-to-neutral (LN) load) without compromising balanced load performance. In addition, the control loop structure may include a bandpass filter (BPF) integrated into a PI control loop structure. The resonant gain (Kr ), the frequency passband (ω C ) and the center frequency (ω 0 ) can be set to boost or cut the PR control and to control the frequency range over which the PR control is active. To disable the PR component of the control, the resonance gain can be set to zero during configuration.

[0026] In addition, the controller can perform a transformation between the rotating reference domain dq0 and the three-phase ABC time domain, including a neutral component. For example, the 3×3 abc to dq0 and dq0 to abc transformations can be updated to include a neutral component to utilize the fourth leg of the inverter. For the four-leg inverter, the neutral input of the voltage transformation can be set to a defined value (e.g., 0) or to a measured value acquired via a voltage sensor. This additional or derived measured value can form an equivalent between the load and the mean value reference point of the inverter modulation. The neutral input to the current transformation can be the measured neutral current.

[0027] In this way, the PR controller can act on any irregular or nonlinear load that exhibits harmonics reflected in the voltage components (e.g., in the dq0 or abc ranges) to keep the AC voltages within a specified range. The controller can have a control loop (e.g., proportional-integral (PI) control) with an integrated filter (e.g., a proportional-resonant bandpass filter). This extension of the controller can be used to boost desired frequency bands and suppress other bands associated with unbalanced harmonics without requiring a large form factor in the controller or imposing a heavy processing load. By suppressing harmonics caused by unbalanced operation, the controller can provide stable AC voltage and power to the components electrically coupled to the controller.

[0028] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system 100 for providing electrical power with handling of harmonics due to unbalanced loads or spatial generator harmonics. According to a brief overview, the system 100 may include, among other things, at least one power subsystem 105, at least one energy source 110, and at least one load 115. The power subsystem 105 may be configured to be electrically coupled to the energy source 110 and the load 115. The power subsystem 105 may include, among other things, at least one regulator 120 and at least one inverter 125. The regulator 120 may include, among other things, a set of component regulators 130A-N (hereinafter generally referred to as component regulator 130). In some embodiments, the regulator 120 may include at least one signal equalizer 135 (sometimes referred to herein as a range converter). Each component regulator 130 may, among other things,at least one imbalance detector 140, at least one harmonic filter 145 and at least one controller 150.

[0029] Components of the power subsystem 105, such as the controller 120, may be implemented using circuitry. The circuitry may include logical or machine-readable instructions to define the behavior, functions, and operation of the controller 120. The circuitry may be implemented using computer-readable media, which may include code written in any programming language, including, but not limited to, Java, JavaScript, Python, or similar languages, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The machine-readable instructions may be stored and maintained in memory. The circuitry may include one or more processors for executing the machine-readable instructions.The one or more processors may be coupled to the memory to execute the machine-readable instructions therefrom.

[0030] The processors in power subsystem 105 may communicate with one or more remote processors. The remote processors may be connected to each other via any type of network (e.g., a CAN bus, etc.). The memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) may be a computer-readable medium for storing data or computer code to enable the various processes described herein. The memory may be communicatively coupled to the processing circuitry to provide computer code or instructions for performing at least some of the processes described herein. The memory may be or include a physical storage medium or non-volatile memory and may include database components, object code components, scripting components, or any other type of information structure to support the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0031] The energy source 110 can generate, output, or otherwise provide electrical energy. The energy source 110 can include or correspond to any source of electrical energy of the system 100. The energy source 110 can be, for example, a battery pack (e.g., a collection of batteries for storing electrical charge), a generator set (e.g., a generator with a motor for generating electrical energy), a microgrid (e.g., a localized system of one or more energy sources or loads that operates independently or in conjunction with an electrical grid), a renewable fuel energy source (e.g., a photovoltaic array, a generator coupled to a hydraulic turbine, or a wind turbine generator), a modular reactor (e.g., a nuclear reactor for converting nuclear fuel into energy), a power plant (e.g.,a facility for generating electrical energy) or a power interface coupled to an external power component, to name a few. The power source 110 may be configured to be electrically coupled to the power subsystem 105 (e.g., via a bus or connector). The power source 110 may be electrically coupled to the power subsystem 105 to transmit, send, or otherwise deliver the electrical energy via the power subsystem 105. The power source 110 may be electrically coupled to the components in the power subsystem 105, such as the controller 120 and the inverter 125. In the illustrated example, the power source 110 may transmit the electrical power via the inverter 125 under the control of the controller 120 in the power subsystem 105.The energy source 110 may be electrically coupled to both the controller 120 and the inverter 125, with the controller 120 communicating the power state of the energy source 110 and regulating the power via the inverter 125.

[0032] The electrical power supplied by power source 110 to power subsystem 105 (or another electrically coupled component) may be direct current (DC) power or alternating current (AC) power. For example, power source 110 may also be a wind turbine generator that generates direct current to power power subsystem 105. Power source 110 may be a generator that generates alternating current to power power subsystem 105. In some embodiments, power source 110 may be part of the same apparatus, device, or component as power subsystem 105. In some embodiments, power source 110 may be separate from power subsystem 105. For example, power subsystem 105 may be physically separate from power source 110 and coupled to power source 110 via an electrical bus connection.

[0033] The power subsystem 105 may be configured to be coupled to the energy source 110 and the load 115. The power subsystem 105 may be electrically coupled to the energy source 110 or the load 115 in series (e.g., between them, as shown), in parallel, or any combination thereof. The power subsystem 105 may transfer or relay electrical energy between the energy source 110 and the load 115. As the energy source 110 discharges toward the load 115, the power subsystem 105 may accept, receive, or otherwise receive the electrical power drawn from the energy source 110. Conversely, when charging one of the components (e.g., via the load 115), the power subsystem 105 may accept, receive, or otherwise receive electrical energy from the external source to use for charging an energy storage device (e.g., the batteries of the energy source 110).

[0034] In power subsystem 105, regulator 120 (sometimes referred to herein as a grid-support regulator, gate regulator, source regulator, regulator device, device, or regulator) may regulate, maintain, or otherwise control the voltage and current of electrical power passing through power subsystem 105. Regulator 120 may be configured to be coupled to power source 110 and inverter 125 and to regulate the passage or conveyance of electrical power from power source 110 through inverter 125, such as regulating voltage, current, power factor, unbalanced phase loads, and harmonics, among others. Regulator 120 may measure, instrument, or otherwise sense electrical power (e.g., voltage, current, and harmonics) and regulate the flow of power through inverter 125 by dampening harmonics and unbalanced loads.The electrical power may correspond to or include a set of components (e.g., voltage or current components) in one domain. For example, the electrical power may be defined as a DC component (D), a quadrature component (Q), and a zero-sequence component (0 or Z) in the dq0 time domain, or by A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase in the abc time domain. The electrical power may have been converted from a different domain by another module in the power subsystem 105. The details of an example architecture for the regulator 120 are described in connection with FIG. Fig. 3 described.

[0035] From the electrical power, the controller 120 may retrieve, receive, or otherwise identify a set of power signals 155A-N (hereinafter generally referred to as power signals 155) from the energy source 110. The power signals 155 may be in an initial range (e.g., abc range). In some embodiments, the controller 120 may translate, transform, or otherwise convert the electrical power signal into the set of power signals 155 (e.g., using DC-to-AC conversion). The set of power signals 155 may be directed, determined, or otherwise provided to a corresponding set of branches in the inverter 125.For example, the first power signal 155A may correspond to a first branch in the inverter 125, the second power signal 155B may correspond to a second branch in the inverter 125, and the third power signal 155C may correspond to a third branch in the inverter 125. In some embodiments, the number of power signals 155 may initially be fewer than the number of branches of the inverter 125. For example, at least one of the branches of the inverter 125 may be a neutral or reference branch, and none of the power signals 155 may correspond to the reference branch of the inverter 125. The set of power signals 155 may be subjected to harmonic and unbalanced load damping via the controller 120, as described herein.

[0036] With the identification, the controller 120 can convert or transfer the set of power signals 155 from the original domain to another domain (e.g., from the abc to the vector-based dq0 domain) to generate a set of converted power signals 155'. Each power signal 155' can correspond to a respective component of the domain (e.g., in the dq0 domain). For example, the first power signal 155'A can correspond to a direct component, the second power signal 155B to a quadrature component, and the third power signal 155'C to a zero component in the dq0 domain. In some embodiments, at least one of the components can be set to a particular value. For example, the power signals 155' corresponding to the quadrature and zero components can be initially set to zero.

[0037] With the identifications of the unbalanced load, the controller 120 may transmit, route, or otherwise provide the set of power signals 155' to the corresponding set of component controllers 130 (e.g., in the vector-based dq0 domain). The set of component controllers 130 may correspond to the set of components in the domain. For example, the first component controller 130A may correspond to a direct component, and the controller 120 may provide the first power signal 155'A corresponding to the direct component to the first component controller 130A. The second component controller 130B may correspond to a quadrature component, and the controller 120 may provide the second power signal 155'B corresponding to the quadrature component to the second component controller 130B.The third component controller 130C may correspond to a zero component in the DQ0 range, and the controller 120 may provide the third power signal 155'C corresponding to the zero component to the third component controller 130C.

[0038] Each component regulator 130 executing on the controller 120 can regulate, maintain, or otherwise control the voltage and current of the power signal 155' in the respective component of the range (e.g., in one of the dq0 components). In some embodiments, the component regulator 130 can be configured to couple to the power source 110 and the inverter 125 via another component of the controller 120 (e.g., the signal equalizer 135). The component regulator 130 can relay or transmit the received power signal 155' corresponding to one of the components in the range.

[0039] The component regulator 130 can regulate the voltage and current components, among others, with the help of the imbalance detector 140, the harmonic filter 145 (sometimes referred to herein as a resonant filter), and the regulator 150. The imbalance detector 140, the harmonic filter 145, and the regulator 150 in one component regulator 130 can be coordinated with the imbalance detector 140, the harmonic filter 145, and the regulator 150 in another component regulator 130 to perform harmonic and unbalanced load attenuation. In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 and the harmonic filter 145 can form a proportional-resonant (PR) regulator in parallel with a proportional-integral (PI) regulator provided by the regulator 150. The architecture of the component regulator 130 is described herein in connection with Fig. 4 is explained in more detail. It should be noted that the filtering of the resonant harmonics can also be performed in the time domain of the power signal 155' before conversion to the dq0 frequency domain.

[0040] In some embodiments, the controller 120 may perform filtering (e.g., harmonic attenuation) on the set of power signals 155. The filtering may occur before converting the set of power signals 155 from the output domain or independently of generating the converted set of power signals 155'. For example, the controller 120 may perform resonant harmonic filtering on the power signals 155 in the time domain using a time-domain filter, such as a linear filter, a Kalman filter, or a Savizky-Golay filter.

[0041] Within each component controller 130, the unbalance detector 140 may find, scan, or otherwise monitor an unbalanced load for the power signal 155' received at the component controller 130. The power signal 155' may correspond to one of the components in the domain (e.g., dq0 or abc domain). To monitor an unbalanced load, the unbalance detector 140 may translate, convert, or otherwise transform the voltage component of the power signal 155' from a time domain to a frequency domain. The unbalanced load may correspond to a spatial harmonic, a ripple, or other artifact within a set of harmonic frequency bands (ω H ,2 ω H , ... Nω H,) that are reflected into the control range 160A-N (hereinafter referred to as harmonic frequency bands 160, sometimes also as the undesired frequency band) within the voltage component of the power signal 155'. The second and higher harmonic frequency bands 160B-N may be multiples (e.g., 2, 3, ... N) of the first frequency band 160A. In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may find, scan, or monitor a generator spatial harmonic in the power signal 155'. The generator spatial harmonic may correspond to a ripple or artifact within one of the harmonic frequency bands 160 generated by the energy source 150. Conversely, the desired frequency band may be a portion of the power signal 155' in at least one desired frequency band (ω D ) 165 (sometimes referred to here as the non-harmonic frequency band or target frequency band).

[0042] In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may determine, identify, or otherwise select the harmonic frequency band 160 (e.g., the first harmonic frequency band 160A) to identify the unbalanced load therein. The harmonic frequency band 160 may be selected from a number of candidate frequency bands in which the harmonic is expected to be located. The harmonic frequency band 160 may correspond to a portion of the frequency domain representation of the voltage of the power signal 155' in which the harmonic, ripple, or other undesirable artifact is to be suppressed. The selection of the harmonic frequency band 160 may be based on the component within the range corresponding to the power signal 155'.For power signals 155' in the direct (D) and quadrature (Q) domains, for example, the harmonic frequency band 160 may be selected to be approximately 120 Hz with a passband of + / - 10 Hz. Furthermore, for the power signal 155' in the null domain, the harmonic frequency band 160 may be selected to be approximately 60 Hz with a passband of + / - 10 Hz. The harmonic frequency band 160 may be defined as having approximately a center frequency and a cutoff frequency relative to the center frequency. In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may detect multiple unwanted frequency bands 160. For example, the center frequencies of the unwanted frequency bands 160 may be multiples of a harmonic, such as 120 Hz, 240 Hz, 360 Hz, etc., or the corresponding harmonic of the reference system. The harmonic frequency band 160 (e.g., at least the first harmonic frequency band 160A) may be predefined by an administrator of the power subsystem 105.

[0043] In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may determine, identify, or otherwise select the frequency band 165 outside of which the unbalanced load is to be identified. The desired frequency band 165 may correspond to a portion of the frequency domain representation of the power signal 155' to be amplified, boosted, or otherwise enhanced. In some embodiments, the selection of the desired frequency band 165 may be based on the component within the range that corresponds to the power signal 155'. In some embodiments, the desired frequency band 165 may be selected by the imbalance detector 140 relative to the frequency band 160 in which the portion of the power signal 155' is to be suppressed.For example, as shown, the imbalance detector 140 may select the portion of the frequency domain representation that is less than the lower limit frequency of the undesired frequency band 165 as the desired frequency band 165. For direct-domain (D) and quadrature-domain (Q) power signals 155', the desired frequency band 165 may be selected to be 110-130 Hz. Furthermore, for the zero-domain power signal 155', the frequency band 165 may be selected to be between 50 and 70 Hz.

[0044] When monitoring for a spatial generator harmonic, the imbalance detector 140 may measure, identify, or otherwise determine an amplitude (e.g., a voltage component) within the harmonic frequency band 160. In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may measure, identify, or otherwise determine the amplitude outside the desired frequency band 165. The amplitude may correspond to an extreme value (e.g., a maximum) of the voltage component in the frequency domain representation of the power signal 155'. When determining the amplitude, the imbalance detector 140 may compare the amplitude to a threshold value. The threshold value may delineate, identify, or otherwise define a value for the amplitude at which the unbalanced load is detected within the harmonic frequency band 160.If the amplitude is greater than or equal to the threshold, the imbalance detector 140 may determine, identify, or otherwise detect the presence of the unbalanced load within the harmonic frequency band 160. In some embodiments, the imbalance detector 140 may identify the unbalanced load within the harmonic frequency band 160. Otherwise, if the amplitude is below the threshold, the imbalance detector 140 may determine, identify, or otherwise detect the absence of the unbalanced load within the harmonic frequency band 160.

[0045] The harmonic filter 145 may be configured with a resonant gain function (sometimes referred to herein as resonant gain or gain function) to adjust, change, or otherwise modify the power signal 155'. The resonant gain function may specify, identify, or otherwise define a filter to be applied to the power signal 155'. The filter for the resonant gain function may be defined in the frequency domain to perform proportional resonant (PR) control. For example, the filter of the resonant gain function may be a bandpass filter (BPF) to attenuate or suppress the portion of the power signal 155' outside a defined range within the frequency domain, such as the target frequency band 165. The filter may also attenuate the portion of the power signal 155' within a defined range within the frequency domain, such asof the target frequency band 165. The resonance enhancement function can be predefined by the administrator of the power subsystem 105.

[0046] In some embodiments, the harmonic filter 145 may determine, identify, or otherwise select the resonant gain function in accordance with the component corresponding to the power signal 155' in the range (e.g., dq0 or abc range). The resonant gain may be determined at least in part in accordance with the determination of the harmonic frequency bands 160 or the target frequency band 165. The resonant gain function filter may be operable to suppress harmonics, ripples, or other artifacts within the one or more harmonic frequency bands 160, which in turn may depend on the component of the range. The resonant gain function may be selected to attenuate, suppress, or reduce voltages outside the desired target frequency band 165.For example, for power signals 155' in the direct range (D) and quadrature range (Q), the resonance gain function can be selected such that the portion of the power signal 155' within 20-110 Hz is passed. Furthermore, for the power signal 155' in the zero range, the resonance gain function can be selected such that the portion of the power signal 155' within 25-50 Hz is passed.

[0047] With the detection of the unbalanced load, the harmonic filter 145 may calculate, generate, or otherwise determine a setting value to be applied to the power signal 155' in accordance with the resonant gain function. The setting value may correspond to a value of the resonant gain function at a particular frequency or frequency band to be applied to the power signal 155'. After determining the setting value, the harmonic filter 145 may apply the setting value to the power signal 155' to change, modify, or otherwise vary the power signal 155'. The setting value may be applied to the portion of the power signal 155' within the harmonic frequency band 160 to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise suppress the unbalanced load, ripple, or other artifacts.In some embodiments, the adjustment value may be applied to amplify, increase, or otherwise enhance the portion of the power signal 155' within the target frequency band 165.

[0048] By modifying the portion of the power signal 155', the harmonic filter 145 may generate a modified power signal 155' that is passed, transmitted, or otherwise provided to the corresponding branch of the set of branches of the inverter 125 via one or more other components in the controller 120. In some embodiments, the harmonic filter 145 may convert, transform, or otherwise reshape the power signals 155' from the converted range to the original range. The harmonic filter 145 may determine or identify the range (e.g., dq0 range) in which the modified power signals 155' are defined. The harmonic filter 145 may select or identify a target range (e.g., the abc range) into which the modified power signals 155' are to be converted.After identifying the target range, the harmonic filter 145 may perform the range transformation from the original range to the target range. In performing the range transformation, the harmonic filter 145 may calculate, generate, or otherwise determine the value for each component in the set of components in the target range for the modified power signals 155'. The modified power signals 155' in the target range may include a value for each component (e.g., A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase).

[0049] In connection therewith, in some embodiments, the controller 150 may maintain, manage, or otherwise regulate the voltage of the power signal 155' using at least one control loop. The control loop of the controller 150 may be, for example, a proportional-integral (PI) control loop or a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop, among others. The controller 150 may apply the control loop to the voltage component of the power signal 155' to change, modify, or otherwise vary the voltage component. The control loop of the controller 150 may process the power signal 155' in parallel with the harmonic filter 145 and the imbalance detector 140. For example, the controller 150 may apply the PI control loop to the voltage component of the power signal 155' in parallel with the setpoint determined by the resonant gain filter of the harmonic filter 145.The control loop may be applied in parallel with the proportional resonance (PR) control provided by the harmonic filter 145 and the imbalance detector 140. For example, the PI control loop may be applied to control the voltage of the power signal 155' in parallel with the setpoint applied to the voltage of the power signal 155'.

[0050] In some embodiments, controller 150 may maintain, manage, or otherwise regulate the current of power signal 155' using at least one control loop. The control loop of controller 150 may be, for example, a proportional-integral (PI) control loop or a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop, among others. Controller 150 may apply the control loop to the current component of power signal 155' to change, modify, or otherwise vary the current component. Controller 150 may process the current component in series with harmonic filter 145 and imbalance detector 140. For example, controller 150 may apply the PI control loop to the current component of power signal 155' after modifying the voltage component.With the modification of the voltage component, the controller 150 may transmit, route, or otherwise provide the power signal 155' to the inverter 125 via one or more components of the controller 120.

[0051] In some embodiments, signal equalizer 135 executing on controller 120 may retrieve, identify, or otherwise receive a set of modified power signals 155 "AN" (hereinafter generally referred to as modified power signals 155). Signal equalizer 135 may be structured to be coupled to the set of component controllers 130 to retrieve, identify, or otherwise receive the respective modified power signals 155". The set of modified power signals 155 may correspond to the set of power signals 155 adjusted in accordance with the control loop (e.g., PI control) provided by controller 150 and the PR control provided by imbalance detector 140 and harmonic filter 145. Each power signal 155 may correspond to a corresponding component of the range.For example, the first power signal 155''A may correspond to a direct component, the second power signal 155''B to a quadrature component, and the third power signal 155''C to a zero component in the DQ0 range.

[0052] In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may convert, transform, or otherwise reshape the modified power signals 155'' from one range to another range. For example, the modified power signals 155'', when received from the component controllers 130, may be the dq0 range. After receiving the modified power signals 155'', the signal equalizer 135 may determine or identify the range (e.g., the dq0 range) in which the modified power signals 155'' are defined. The signal equalizer 135 may select or identify a target range (e.g., abc range) into which the modified power signals 155'' are to be converted. After identifying the target range, the signal equalizer 135 may perform the range transformation from the original range to the target range.When performing the range transformation, the signal equalizer 135 may calculate, generate, or otherwise determine the value for each component in the set of components in the target range for the modified power signals 155". The modified power signals 155" in the target range may include a value for each component (e.g., A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase). In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may omit the transformation of the set of modified power signals 155", and the transformation may be performed on the harmonic filter 1445.

[0053] In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may detect or determine whether one of the power signals 155" corresponds to a reference signal (sometimes referred to herein as a neutral signal). The reference signal may correspond to the at least one of the power signals 155" against which the remaining signals 155" are to be equalized, shifted, or adjusted. The reference signal may be provided to a corresponding branch of the inverter 125, while the remaining power signals 155" may correspond to the remaining branches of the inverter 125. For example, the set of power signals 155" may include signals corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase components and may be provided to the set of branches corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase components in the ABC range.

[0054] To determine whether one of the power signals 155'' corresponds to the reference signal, the signal equalizer 135 may count, identify, or otherwise determine the number of signals in the set of power signals 155''. In determining the number of signals, the signal equalizer 135 may compare the number of signals to the number of expected components for the identified range (e.g., ABC range). If the number of signals is greater than the number of expected components, the signal equalizer 135 may determine that at least one of the power signals 155'' corresponds to the reference signal. Conversely, if the number of signals is equal to the number of expected components, the signal equalizer 135 may determine that none of the power signals 155'' corresponds to the reference signal.If it is determined that none of the power signals 155" corresponds to the reference signal, the signal equalizer 135 may create or generate the reference signal to add it to the set of power signals 155". The reference signal may be assigned or set to a defined value (e.g., zero). In generating the reference signal, the signal equalizer 135 may connect, combine, or otherwise add the reference signal to the set of power signals 155".

[0055] In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may route, forward, or otherwise provide the set of power signals 155' with the reference signal as a set of output power signals 160A-M (hereinafter generally referred to as output power signals 160, sometimes also as gate signals) to the inverter 125. In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may perform, execute, or provide modulation of the set of modified power signals 155' to generate the corresponding set of power signals 160A-M. Each power signal 160 may be a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal supplied to a corresponding branch of the inverter 125 and may be used to regulate or control the DC / AC conversion of the electrical power passed through the inverter 125.For example, the first power signal 160A may correspond to a first branch of the inverter 125, the second power signal 160B may correspond to a second branch of the inverter 125, and the third power signal 160C may correspond to a third branch of the inverter 125.

[0056] In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may convert, transform, or otherwise translate the set of components (e.g., A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase) in the modified power signals 155' (with the addition of the reference signal) into the set of PWM signals corresponding to the power signals 160. In some embodiments, the signal equalizer 135 may perform a rebalance of the set of modified power signals 155''.

[0057] In some embodiments, signal equalizer 135 may route, transmit, or otherwise provide the set of output power signals 160 to the corresponding set of branches in inverter 125. For example, signal equalizer 135 may route output power signal 160A corresponding to the A-phase component to the branch of inverter 125 that also corresponds to the A-phase component in the ABC region. Signal equalizer 135 may provide output power signal 160B corresponding to the B-phase component to the branch of inverter 125 that also corresponds to the B-phase component in the ABC region. Signal equalizer 135 may provide output power signal 160C corresponding to the C-phase component to the branch of inverter 125 that also corresponds to the C-phase component in the ABC region.The signal equalizer 135 may provide the output power signal 160D corresponding to the reference signal to the neutral or reference branch of the inverter 125.

[0058] The inverter 125 (sometimes referred to herein as a power inverter or rectifier) ​​may transfer electrical energy between the power source 110 and the load 115. The inverter 125 may be configured to couple to the power source 110 and the load 115. The inverter 125 may also be configured to couple to the regulator 120 in the power subsystem 105. The inverter 125 may receive, accept, or otherwise receive the set of output power signals 160. The inverter 125 may include a set of branches to receive the corresponding set of output power signals 160. The inverter 125 may be structured to be coupled to the signal equalizer 135 to receive the set of output power signals 160. Each branch of the inverter 125 may correspond to a phase of the AC electrical power to be delivered.For example, inverter 125 may include four branches: three for phase A, phase B, and phase C, and the remaining fourth for the reference signal. Although described as having three branches, inverter 125 may have any number of branches in various embodiments.

[0059] Using the set of output power signals 160, the inverter 125 may convert the electrical power from AC to DC (e.g., using an active rectifier). In some embodiments, the inverter 125 may convert the electrical power from DC to AC. As previously mentioned, the electrical energy may be passed through the power subsystem 105 in either direction. The inverter 125 may be electrically connected between the power source 110 and the load 115 in series (e.g., as shown) or in parallel, or any combination thereof. The inverter 125 may include one or more components, such as an inverter and a rectifier, or any combination thereof, to perform the DC to AC conversion.In some embodiments, the inverter 125 may pass or provide the AC electrical power corresponding to the set of output power signals 160 to the load 115.

[0060] After converting the electrical power from direct current to alternating current, the inverter 125 may transmit, send, or otherwise provide the electrical power (e.g., in the form of alternating current) to the load 115. The load 115 electrically coupled to the power subsystem 105 may include or correspond to any component electrically coupled to the power subsystem 105 to utilize, output, or otherwise consume the electrical power originating from the power subsystem 105. The load 115 may include, for example, analog electronics, computing devices, and electric vehicles. In some embodiments, the inverter 125 may exchange or relay the electrical power through other components coupled to the power subsystem 105.

[0061] While the functions are described as being performed by individual subcomponents (e.g., controller 120, component controllers 130 and their subcomponents, and signal balancer 135), in various implementations, the functions may be performed by the processor and implemented via one or more of the other memory elements or other elements. For example, the processor of controller 120 (or power subsystem 105) may execute instructions that define the individual component controllers 130, including imbalance detector 140, harmonic filter 145, controller 150, and signal balancer 135 of controller 120, etc., as stored and managed in memory.

[0062] In the Fig. 2A and Fig. Figure 2B shows, among other things, a circuit diagram of a power subsystem 200 with inverter control for harmonic suppression. The power subsystem 200 may be a part of the system 100 or may include one or more of the components of the system 100. The power subsystem 200 may include one or more components that receive direct current (DC) from a power source for conversion to alternating current (AC) for supply to components electrically connected to the power system 200.

[0063] Starting from Fig. 2A, the power subsystem 200 may include, among other things, at least one voltage regulator 205 and at least one current regulator 210. The voltage regulator 205 may accept, receive, or otherwise receive electrical power via a voltage summer (e.g., summing with a configured input). The electrical power may be defined in terms of a range (e.g., DQO range). The voltage regulator 205 may regulate the voltage of the electrical power according to a PI control function. Furthermore, the voltage regulator 205 may regulate the voltage using a proportional resonant (PR) control function and a bandpass filter (BPF) to suppress harmonics, ripples, or unwanted artifacts in certain frequency bands.

[0064] The voltage regulator 205 may pass an output set of power signals to the current summer to modify the current (e.g., by summing with a configured input). The current regulator 210 may accept, receive, or otherwise receive the output from the voltage regulator 205 via the current summer. The current regulator 210 may further regulate the current of the electrical power according to a PI control function. By regulating the current, the current regulator 210 may generate, output, or otherwise generate a modified set of power signals for forwarding.

[0065] Furthermore, the power subsystem 200 may include at least one pulse width modulation unit 215. The pulse width modulation unit 215 may accept, receive, or otherwise receive the output signal from the voltage control PI loop 205 and the current control PI loop 210. The pulse width modulation unit 215 may convert the power signal from one domain (e.g., dq0 domain) to a target domain (e.g., A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase time domain). Using the power signals, the pulse width modulation unit 215 may generate, output, or otherwise generate a set of gate signals 220A-N (hereinafter generally referred to as a set of gate signals 220). In generating the gate signals 220, the pulse width modulation unit 215 may add a reference signal and apply modulation across the input set of power signals in accordance with a set duty cycle.

[0066] In Fig. 2B, the pulse width modulation unit 215 may inject or provide the set of gate signals 220 to a set of corresponding inputs or branches of an inverter 225. The power subsystem 200 may include at least one inverter 225 to perform conversion (e.g., DC / AC, AC / AC, AC / DC, and DC / DC) on the gate signals 220 from the pulse width modulation unit 215. The inverter 225 may include a set of switch banks and at least one filter. The set of switch banks may correspond to the set of branches or inputs for the inverter 225. The inverter 225 may also perform additional filtering using inductance-capacitance filters (e.g., LCL filters) to suppress harmonics in the current component of the electrical output power.

[0067] By converting the set of gate signals 220, the inverter 225 can supply or output the electrical power to a component coupled to the power subsystem 200. The power system 200 can include at least one measurement and calibration unit 230. The measurement and calibration unit 230 can measure the voltage and current of the electrical power output by the inverter 225. The measurements from the measurement and calibration unit 230 can be fed back to the voltage regulator 205 and the current regulator 210 to represent the output current and voltage and to adjust the power signal for output.

[0068] In Fig. Figure 3 shows, among other things, a circuit diagram of a regulator 300 in the power subsystem. The regulator 300 may be part of the system 100 or the power subsystem 200 or may include components therein. The regulator 300 may include one or more components for regulating the flow of power from a power source to a load via an inverter. The regulator 300 may include a set of component regulators 305A-C (hereinafter referred to generally as component regulator 305). Each component regulator 305 may correspond to a corresponding component in a domain. In the illustrated example, the first component regulator 305A may correspond to a direct component (D), the second component regulator 305B to a quadrature component (Q), and the third component regulator 305C to a zero component (0) in the dq0 domain.

[0069] The set of component controllers 305 may output or generate a corresponding set of modulation signals (m_d, m_q, and m_0) using an input set of power signals in the range. The input set of power signals may correspond to a reactive power component (Q_pu) of the electrical power transferred between a power source and a load. At least one of the component controllers 305 (e.g., the first component controller 305A, as depicted) may accept, receive, or otherwise receive the reactive power component of the electrical power. The reactive power component may include at least one voltage component (Vinv_d*) in the range provided to the first component controller 305A. The voltage component may be varied by the measured output voltage component (Vinv_d). Other component controllers 305 (e.g.,The second component 305B and the third component controller 305C can accept, receive, or otherwise receive the reactive power component of the electrical power set to a defined value. In the illustrated example, the defined value for the constituent voltage component can be zero (e.g., Vinv_q* = 0 and Vinv_0* = 0). The voltage components can be modified by measured output voltage components (Vinv_q and Vinv_0).

[0070] The set of component regulators 305 may have a corresponding set of voltage regulators 310A-C (hereinafter generally referred to as voltage regulators 310). Each voltage regulator 310 may include a proportional-integral (PI) control and a proportional-resonance (PR) control. In each voltage regulator 310, the PI control may adjust the voltage component according to the gain defined by the PI function. The PR control may suppress harmonics (and any multiple thereof) in the input voltage component and amplify a portion of the voltage component corresponding to a target frequency band according to a gain defined by the PR control function. Each voltage regulator 310 may pass the modified voltage component through the respective component regulator 305.

[0071] The set of component controllers 305 may also include a corresponding set of current controllers 315A-C (hereinafter generally referred to as current controllers 315). Each current controller 315 may have a proportional-integral (PI) controller to adjust or modify the input current component according to a gain factor defined in accordance with the PI function. Each current controller 315 may receive the modified power component (e.g., corresponding to linv_d*, linv_q*, and linv_0*) from the corresponding voltage controller 310 in the respective component controller 305. In the illustrated example, the defined value for the constituent current component may be modified by the measured output current component (linv_d, linv_q, and linv_0). The current controller 315 may pass the modified voltage component to the respective component controller 305.Using the outputs of the set of current controllers 315 together with a set of control signals (e.g., VctrI_d, Vctrl_q, Vctrl_0), the set of component controllers 305 can output the set of power signals (m_d, m_q, and m_0).

[0072] Furthermore, the controller 300 may include at least one range transformer 320 and at least one modulator 330. The range transformer 320 may convert the set of power signals output by the corresponding set of component controllers 305 from one range (e.g., dq0 range) to a target range (e.g., abc range). Furthermore, the range converter 320 may add a reference signal ("n") to the set of power signals. With the addition of the reference signal, the range transformer 320 may generate and output a set of translated power signals (m_abcn) for forwarding along the controller 300 to the modulator 330. Using the set of translated power signals, the modulator 330 may generate, output, or otherwise generate a set of modulated signals (m_abcn'). The modulator 330 may also provide equalization across the set of power signals across the constituent components (e.g.,abcn). By generating the set of modulated signals, the modulator 330 can provide the set of modulated power signals to the inverter.

[0073] In Fig. Figure 4 shows, among other things, a block diagram of a voltage regulator 400 in a regulator of a power subsystem. The voltage regulator 400 may be part of the system 100, the power subsystem 200, or the regulator 300, or may include components thereof. The voltage regulator 400 may include at least one pre- / post-phase filter 405 to be applied to an input voltage component. The pre- / post-phase filter 405 (also referred to herein as a pre- / post-phase compensator) may improve undesirable frequency behavior in the voltage regulator 400. The transfer function of the pre- / post-phase filter 405 may be defined, for example, as follows: H1(s)=Tz⋅S+1TP⋅S+1 where T z and T Pdenotes compensation factors for pre / post phases and s denotes the input voltage component in the Laplace domain.

[0074] The voltage regulator 400 may include at least one proportional amplifier (P-amplifier) ​​410, at least one bandpass filter (BPF) 415 (sometimes referred to herein as a resonant filter), and at least one aggregator 420 (sometimes referred to herein as a signal summer). The proportional amplifier 410 and the BPF 415 may be configured to be connected in parallel with each other between the pre- / post-phase filter 405 and the aggregator 420. The proportional amplifier 410 may modify, amplify, or otherwise increase at least a portion of the input voltage component. The proportional amplifier 410 may have a transfer function of the following form: H2(s)=KP where K Pdenotes a proportional gain factor applied by the proportional amplifier 410. Furthermore, the BPF 415 may suppress one or more harmonics, ripples, or other artifacts of the input voltage component. The processing of the voltage component by the BPF 415 may occur in parallel with the proportional amplifier 410. The BPF 415 may have a transfer function of the following form: H5(s)=2⋅KR⋅ωc⋅ss2+2⋅ωc⋅s+ω02 where K R is the resonance gain factor, ω c is the passband frequency for the BPF, and ω02 denotes the center frequency around which the BPF is defined. The aggregator 420 may mix, combine, or otherwise add the voltage components modified by the proportional amplifier 410 and the BPF 415.

[0075] The voltage regulator 400 may also include at least one integral amplifier 425, at least one unity filter 430, and at least one aggregator 435. The integral amplifier 425 and the unity filter 430 may be configured to be parallel with a direct connection between the aggregator 420 and the aggregator 435. The integral amplifier 425 may modify, amplify, or otherwise increase at least a portion of the input voltage component. The integral amplifier 425 and the unity filter 430 may, for example, have respective transfer functions of the following form: H4(s)=1 H3(s)=KI⋅(1s) where K I is called the integral gain factor. The proportional amplifier 410, the integral amplifier 425, and the unity filter 430 may together have a transfer function of the following form, for example: H234(s)=KP⋅(1+KI1s)

[0076] The aggregator 435 may mix, combine, or otherwise add the voltage component modified by the integral amplifier 425 and the unity filter 430 with the voltage component output by the aggregator 420.

[0077] Fig. 5 shows a graph 500 of the output voltages and currents in response to coupling to an unbalanced load with active harmonic suppression. The graph 500 shows the output voltages and currents of a regulator (e.g., regulator 120), as described herein, over three time periods. The first time period 505 may correspond to the absence of a load (e.g., load 115) connected to a power subsystem (e.g., power subsystem 105). The second time period 510 may correspond to coupling of an unbalanced 2.1 kW 1 PF ON load to the power subsystem. The third time period 515 may correspond to decoupling of the load connected to the power subsystem. During the transition between the first time period 505 and the second time period 510, the controller can detect power signals with harmonics and then suppress the harmonics using the bandpass filter to stabilize the output voltage components.Similarly, during the transition from the second time period 510 to the third time period 515, the controller may detect power signals with harmonics and, in response, cancel the harmonics using the bandpass filter to stabilize the output voltage components.

[0078] In Fig.6 shows a flowchart of a method 600 for controlling spatial generator harmonics. The method 600 may be implemented by or performed with any of the components discussed herein. In brief overview, according to the method 600, one or more processors may receive a set of signals for an inverter (605). The one or more processors may detect whether a harmonic is present in a frequency band (610). If the harmonic is detected, the one or more processors may modify the set of signals using a set of resonant filters to suppress the harmonic and boost a target frequency band (615). The one or more processors may forward the set of signals to the inverter (620).

[0079] Specifically, one or more processors (e.g., processors in controller 120) may retrieve, identify, or otherwise receive (605) a set of signals (e.g., set of power signals 155) for an inverter (e.g., inverter 125). The set of signals may correspond to electrical power transferred between a power source (e.g., power source 110) and a load (e.g., load 115). Each signal may correspond to a respective component of the domain, e.g., the direct (D), quadrature (Q), or zero (0) component in the DQ0 domain. The set of signals may correspond to a set of branches of the inverter.

[0080] The one or more processors may identify, determine, or otherwise detect whether a harmonic is present (610) in a frequency band (e.g., harmonic frequency band 160). The harmonic may correspond to an unbalanced load and may be associated with a portion of a voltage component of a power signal. The one or more processors may select one or more frequency bands in which to search for the harmonic based on the component in the range of the power signal. If an amplitude in the monitored frequency band is greater than or equal to a threshold, the one or more processors may determine that the harmonic is present. Conversely, if an amplitude in the monitored frequency band is less than a threshold, the one or more processors may determine that the harmonic is not present.

[0081] If the harmonic is detected, the one or more processors may modify the set of signals by regulating, attenuating, or otherwise suppressing the harmonic of the voltage component (615). The one or more processors may filter the voltage component of the power signal in accordance with a resonant gain function. The resonant gain function may define a bandpass filter (BPF) to attenuate or suppress the portion of the power signal in the frequency bands where the harmonic is detected. The one or more processors may determine a tuning value in accordance with the resonant gain function. With the tuning value determined, the one or more processors may apply the tuning value to the portion of the voltage component within the frequency band to suppress the harmonic frequency.

[0082] While suppressing the harmonic frequency, the one or more processors may increase, boost, or otherwise enhance the voltage component within a target frequency band (e.g., the desired frequency band 165). The one or more processors may also determine the tuning value in accordance with the resonant boost function. The bandpass filter defined by the resonant boost function may boost or maintain the portion of the voltage component within the target frequency band. With the tuning value determined, the one or more processors may apply the tuning value to boost the portion of the voltage component in the target frequency band.

[0083] The one or more processors may output, transmit, or otherwise provide the set of signals (e.g., the output set of power signals 155") to the inverter (620). In providing the set of signals, the one or more processors may translate, convert, or otherwise transform the set of signals from one domain (e.g., dq0 domain) to a target domain (e.g., abc domain). The one or more processors may also add a reference signal to the set of signals. After adding a reference signal, the one or more processors may perform a rebalancing operation on the set of signals. The one or more processors may provide the set of modified signals to the corresponding set of branches of the inverter.

[0084] While this specification contains various implementation details, these should not be understood as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations, separately or in any suitable subcombination.Furthermore, although features are described as operating in certain combinations and even originally claimed as such, in some cases one or more features of a claimed combination may be taken out of the combination and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.

[0085] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "generally," "approximately," and similar expressions have a broad meaning consistent with the common and accepted usage of those skilled in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure relates. Those skilled in the art who read this disclosure should understand that these terms are intended to facilitate description of certain described and claimed features without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges specified. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted to mean that insubstantial or inconsistent modifications or changes to the described and claimed subject matter are considered within the scope of the appended claims.

[0086] The term "coupled" and the like, as used herein, means the connection of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such a connection may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or detachable). Such a connection may be achieved by the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, being integrally formed with one another, or by the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, being attached to one another.

[0087] The terms "fluidly coupled to" and the like, as used herein, mean that a path is formed between the two components or objects in which a fluid, such as air, a reductant, an air-reductant mixture, exhaust gas, a hydrocarbon, or an air-hydrocarbon mixture, can flow, either with or without intervening components or objects. Examples of fluid connections or configurations enabling fluid communication may include conduits, ducts, or other suitable components enabling the flow of a fluid from one component or object to another.

[0088] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the various systems shown in the various example implementations are illustrative only and not limiting. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and / or scope of the described implementations are desired to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and implementations without the various features may be considered within the scope of the disclosure, which scope is defined by the claims that follow.

[0089] Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive (rather than exclusive) sense in the context of a list of items, so that the term "or" when used to join a list of items means one, some, or all of the items in the list. Conjunctive expressions such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z" are, unless explicitly stated otherwise, generally understood in context to mean that an item, term, etc. can be either X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, such conjunctive expressions should not generally be understood to mean that, in particular embodiments, at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z must be present, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0090] Furthermore, the use of value ranges here includes their maximum and minimum values ​​unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, a value range does not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values ​​within the value range unless otherwise specified.

[0091] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the various systems and the operations according to the various techniques shown in the various example implementations are illustrative only and not limiting. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and / or scope of the described implementations are desired to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and implementations without the various features may be considered within the scope of the disclosure, which scope is defined by the following claims. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 18 / 523,583

[0001]

Claims

A controller for handling unbalanced loads for energy sources, comprising: a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: receive a plurality of signals to be provided to a plurality of branches of an inverter; identify an unbalanced load outside a frequency band for a first signal of the plurality of signals; in response to identifying the unbalanced load, determine a setting value in accordance with a resonant gain to be applied within the frequency band of the first signal; and modify the first signal using the setting value to generate a second signal to be provided to one of the plurality of branches of the inverter. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to:identify, from a plurality of components corresponding to the plurality of signals, a component corresponding to the first signal; anddependent on the identified component, determine the frequency band and resonant gain to be applied to the first signal to suppress the spatial voltage harmonics. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to:identify the unbalanced load by at least one of a plurality of defined frequencies for the first signal; andin response to identifying the unbalanced load, determine a second adjustment value to be applied to the frequency to suppress the unbalanced load. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to select a second frequency band in which to search for the unbalanced load based on one of a plurality of components corresponding to the first signal. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to:determine that none of the plurality of signals corresponds to a reference signal; andin response to determining that none of the plurality of signals corresponds to the reference signal, generate the reference signal set to a defined value to add to the plurality of signals. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to transform the plurality of signals in a first range into a second plurality of signals in a second range, adding at least one reference signal for a corresponding branch of the plurality of branches, the reference signal to be used for trimming across the second plurality of signals. The controller of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to control the first signal via a proportional-integral (PI) controller, in parallel with the adjustment value applied to the first signal. A system for providing electrical energy, comprising: a power source configured to provide electrical energy; a controller structured to be coupled to the power source, the controller configured to convert the electrical energy into a first plurality of signals; an inverter structured to be coupled to the controller, the inverter including a plurality of branches for receiving a second plurality of signals; and a plurality of component controllers in the controller, each of the plurality of component controllers structured to be coupled to the inverter, wherein at least one component controller of the plurality of component controllers is configured to: detect a ripple within a frequency band of a first signal of the first plurality of signals;applying a setting value in accordance with a gain function defined for the at least one component controller to suppress the ripple within the frequency band; and providing the first signal as a corresponding signal in the second plurality of signals for the plurality of branches of the inverter; The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one component controller is further configured to apply a second adjustment value in accordance with the gain function to increase a portion of the signal within a second frequency band. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one component controller is further configured to select the frequency band from a plurality of frequency bands to monitor ripple in based on a component from a plurality of components defined for the at least one component controller. The system of claim 8, further comprising a signal equalizer in the controller to convert the first plurality of signals in a first range to the second plurality of signals in a second range, with the addition of at least one reference signal for a reference branch of the plurality of branches of the converter. The system of claim 8, wherein the component controller is configured to be electrically coupled in parallel to at least one component in the controller relative to the inverter. The system of claim 8, wherein the component controller is further configured to adjust the first plurality of signals in accordance with a proportional-integral (PI) controller function. The system of claim 8, wherein the energy source further comprises at least one of a generator set, a battery, a solar panel, a power plant, and a renewable fuel energy source. A method for controlling generator spatial harmonics, comprising:receiving, by one or more processors, a plurality of signals to be provided to a plurality of branches of an inverter;detecting, by the one or more processors, a generator spatial harmonic within a frequency band for one of the plurality of signals;modifying, by the one or more processors in response to detecting the targeted harmonics, the signal using a resonant filter to suppress the generator spatial harmonic; andproviding, by the one or more processors, the modified signal to one of the plurality of branches of the inverter. The method of claim 15, further comprising:identifying, by the one or more processors, a component corresponding to the signal from a plurality of components corresponding to the plurality of signals; andselecting, by the one or more processors, the frequency band in which to search for the spatial generator harmonics based on the component from a plurality of frequency bands. The method of claim 15, further comprising:converting, by the one or more processors, the plurality of signals in a first range into a second plurality of signals in a second range; andadding, by the one or more processors, a reference signal for a corresponding branch of the plurality of branches to the second plurality of signals. The method of claim 15, further comprising:adjusting the plurality of signals with the modified signal by the one or more processors using a proportional-integral (PI) controller function. The method of claim 15, wherein receiving further comprises receiving the plurality of signals from an energy source comprising at least one of a generator set, a battery, a solar panel, a power plant, and a renewable fuel energy source. The method of claim 15, wherein modifying further comprises increasing a portion of the signal within a second frequency band using resonant gain.

Images