Storage device and motor vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a storage device (10) for storing electrical energy, the storage device (10) comprising a base body (20), at least one first pole (30), at least one second pole (40) and a safety device (50), wherein the at least one first pole (30) and the at least one second pole (40) each comprise at least one insulating device (32, 42), wherein the first pole (30) and the second pole (40) are each electrically insulated at least partially from the base body (20) by at least one of the insulating devices (32, 42), wherein the safety device (50) comprises at least one irreversibly separable connecting device (52) for an electrically conductive connection between the at least one first pole (30) and the base body (20).wherein the locking device (50) is designed for the irreversible separation of the connecting device (52) and wherein the connecting device (52) is arranged at least partially within the insulating device (32) of the first pole (30). Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle (100) with at least one storage device (10).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a storage device for storing electrical energy, in particular for a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle having at least one storage device.

[0002] A variety of publicly known storage devices for storing electrical energy are currently known in the prior art. Storage devices are used, particularly in the field of automotive technology, to drive electric motors. Known storage devices usually have safety features to prevent heat buildup and / or fire in the event of damage and / or short circuits to the storage devices.

[0003] From the document DE 10 2013 205 062 A1, a battery cell with a self-resetting fuse is known, wherein the self-resetting fuse is arranged in such a way that in the event of a short circuit between the housings of adjacent battery cells in the short-circuit current path, a current flow can be regulated via the self-resetting fuse.

[0004] A battery module, a battery pack, and a vehicle are known from WO 2023 169 406 A1. The battery module comprises a battery cell assembly and a sensing assembly; electrode terminals are provided at two opposite ends of each battery cell of the battery cell assembly; several battery cells are connected in series by means of a connector; and on a positive electrode side of the battery cell assembly, the connector connected to a positive electrode of each battery cell is electrically connected to a housing corresponding to the battery cell. The sensing assembly enables the housing on the negative electrode side of the battery cell assembly to be electrically connected to the connector.

[0005] US 10 892 466 B2 describes an electrical energy storage cell with a bridging device. The energy storage cell has an at least partially electrically conductive housing, at least two terminals on the housing, of which a first terminal is insulated from the housing and a second terminal is electrically conductively connected to the housing, and a bridging device that can be actuated by an external signal to electrically connect the two terminals of the energy storage cell to one another. The energy storage cell is characterized in that the bridging device acts between the first terminal and the housing of the energy storage cell.

[0006] The known safety devices in the prior art require increased space for the storage devices and usually employ additional external circuitry, which brings a cell housing to the potential of a cell terminal. Other solutions provide high-resistance connections or insulation between the cell housing and the terminals and / or do not use the cell housing for voltage measurement.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to eliminate, or at least partially eliminate, the above-described disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a storage device with a safety device that enables the storage of electrical energy in a particularly simple, advantageous, and / or space-saving manner. In particular, it is also an object of the invention to provide a motor vehicle with a storage device.

[0008] The above object is achieved by the patent claims. In particular, the object is achieved by a storage device for storing electrical energy having the features of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having the features of independent claim 10. Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims, the description, and the drawings. Features described in connection with the storage device according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the motor vehicle according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is always made to each other.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a storage device for storing electrical energy. The storage device has a base body, at least one first pole, at least one second pole, and a fuse device. The at least one first pole and the at least one second pole each comprise at least one insulation device, wherein the first pole and the second pole are each electrically insulated from the base body, at least in sections, by at least one of the insulation devices. The fuse device comprises at least one irreversibly separable connecting device for the electrically conductive connection between the at least one first pole and the base body, wherein the fuse device is designed for the irreversible separation of the connecting device, and wherein the connecting device is arranged, at least in sections, within the insulation device of the first pole.

[0010] The storage device is preferably to be understood as a storage device for a motor vehicle. The storage device preferably comprises at least two electrodes, at least one solid-state cell and / or is designed as a cell stack. Within the scope of the invention, the storage device preferably serves to store and provide electrical energy to a consumer, for example a motor vehicle, in particular an electric drive motor of a motor vehicle. The storage device comprises a base body, which is preferably designed as a housing. The storage device comprises two poles for storing and providing electrical energy. The two poles of the storage device are at least partially electrically insulated from the base body by the at least two insulation devices. The two insulation devices are preferably each arranged between a pole and the base body.Within the scope of the invention, the two poles are preferably understood as a positive pole and a negative pole. Within the scope of the invention, the first pole is preferably the positive pole. However, the two poles can also be configured the other way around according to kinematic reversal. The first pole, in particular the positive pole, of the storage device preferably has an insulation device with an insulation resistance of 100 to 20,000 ohms.

[0011] Preferably, one of the poles is completely insulated from the base body by the corresponding insulation device, whereas the other pole is preferably secured from the base body with the securing device described below. The securing device advantageously enables potential equalization between the housing and the first pole. The securing device comprises an irreversibly separable connecting device for the electrically conductive connection between the at least one first pole and the base body. The irreversible separation is to be understood as a severance of the electrically conductive connection of the connecting device, wherein the connection preferably cannot be restored or cannot be restored without repairing the storage device. The connecting device is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, within the insulation device of the first pole.Preferably, the connecting device is completely surrounded by the insulating device of the first pole and / or arranged therein. In other words, the connecting device is advantageously integrated into the insulating device of the first pole. The connecting device is preferably advantageously electrically conductive and has, for example, a very low electrical resistance of, for example, less than 1 ohm. The securing device and the connecting device thus advantageously enable a defined electrical conductivity, in particular through the insulating device of the first pole, which is designed to be irreversibly separable. The at least one connecting device enables complete galvanic separation of the connection between the first pole and the base body. For example, the separation of the connecting device occurs through triggering, burning through and / or deformation of the connecting device.The trigger for breaking the connection between the first pole and the base body is preferably designed manually or automatically. Preferably, the trigger for breaking the connection between the first pole and the base body is triggered by a short circuit between the base body and the first pole, as described in a subsequent section of the description.

[0012] A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the securing device and the design of the connecting device make it particularly easy to secure the storage device in a space-saving manner.

[0013] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided with a securing device designed for irreversibly separating the connecting device in the event of a short circuit between the base body and the first pole. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the securing device and the connecting device is one in which the irreversible separation of the connection between the first pole and the housing occurs in the event of a short circuit between the base body and the first pole. A short circuit in the storage device is generated, for example, in the event of damage to the base body, so that an electrically conductive connection is generated between the base body and the first pole, directly and / or via sections of the motor vehicle.The connecting device triggers in the event of a corresponding short circuit and irreversibly separates the electrically conductive connection between the first pole and the base body, thus preventing or at least minimizing further damage to the storage device and / or the motor vehicle. A storage device configured in this way is particularly advantageous because it advantageously enables the storage of electrical energy, while the securing device and the design of the connecting device make it particularly easy to secure the storage device in a space-saving manner against short circuits, heating, and / or fire.

[0014] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided in which the second pole is completely electrically insulated from the base body by the insulation device of the second pole. It represents an advantageous embodiment of the storage device if the first pole has the fuse device, wherein the second pole is completely insulated from the base body via the corresponding insulation device. Preferably, the insulation device of the second pole has an electrical resistance of more than one gigaohm. This advantageously enables the fuse function of the fuse device and a space-saving design of the storage device.A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the securing device, the design of the insulation devices and the design of the connecting device enable space-saving securing of the storage device and / or complete insulation of the second pole to be made particularly easy.

[0015] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided with a base body configured as a metallic housing at least in sections and / or with a non-metallic casing at least in sections. As already described above, the base body is preferably to be understood as a housing for the storage device. The base body is preferably configured as metallic at least in sections in order to provide advantageous protection and a corresponding structure for the storage device. The base body is surrounded at least in sections, preferably completely or substantially completely, by a casing.The wording "X or essentially X" is to be understood within the scope of the invention as a possible, minor deviation, for example due to manufacturing tolerances, material and / or process properties, without changing the underlying, intended function of the feature. The casing is designed, for example, as a blue film. The casing preferably serves to advantageously handle the storage device and / or insulate the base body from its environment, particularly in its installed position in a motor vehicle. The non-metallic casing is preferably made of a plastic. For example, the separation of the connecting device is triggered if the casing is damaged.A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the securing device, the design of the base body and the design of the connecting device make it particularly easy to secure the storage device in a space-saving manner.

[0016] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided with the connecting device being encapsulated, at least in sections, within the insulation device of the first pole and / or with the connecting device being designed as a fuse. The physical integration of the connecting device into the insulation device of the first pole advantageously enables a space-saving design of the storage device. At the same time, the connecting device is advantageously protected against environmental influences by its arrangement in the insulation device. The connecting device is preferably designed as a fuse.Alternatively or additionally, the connecting device is configured as an SMD fuse, a line constriction, a bonding wire, a thermal fuse, and / or another connecting device for irreversibly breaking the electrical connection between the first pole and the base body. Preferably, the connecting device is not configured as a polymer fuse. A storage device configured in this way is particularly advantageous because it advantageously enables the storage of electrical energy, and the securing device and the design and arrangement of the connecting device enable space-saving securing of the storage device in a particularly simple and low-cost manner.

[0017] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided which comprises at least one measuring device, wherein the at least one measuring device is designed for measuring between the base body and the first pole or the second pole. The measuring device is preferably designed as a measuring circuit between the base body and the first pole or the second pole. The storage device advantageously enables one-sided measurement with only one of the poles of the storage device, in particular precisely one of the poles of the storage device. The measuring device is thus advantageously designed to save space and requires only minimal material and cost expenditure. The measurement is preferably designed as a voltage measurement between the base body and the first pole or the second pole.The measuring device preferably does not comprise a safety device according to the invention and, in other words, is preferably designed to be fuse-free. The safety device according to the invention, at least in sections within the insulation device of the first pole, advantageously enables the measuring device to not comprise a safety device. The measuring device is preferably connectable to the motor vehicle and / or a logic unit in a data-communicating manner. The measuring device preferably comprises a data interface for transmitting, receiving, and / or providing the measured data. The measuring device preferably comprises a data storage device for storing the measured data.A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the measuring device enables advantageous measurement, for example of a voltage state of the storage device, in a particularly simple, space-saving and low-cost manner.

[0018] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be provided with at least one measuring device connected to the base body and the first pole or the second pole in parallel with the safety device. In other words, the measuring device is not connected in series with the safety device to the base body and the first pole or the second pole. This preferably enables the safety circuit of the safety device and the measuring circuit of the measuring device to be designed separately, at least in sections, in particular completely.A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the parallel design of the measuring device to the safety device enables advantageous measurement, for example of a voltage state of the storage device, in a particularly simple, space-saving and low-cost manner.

[0019] According to a preferred further development of the invention, a storage device can be designed as a battery stack with a plurality of battery cells, in particular wherein each battery cell comprises a safety device and / or a measuring device and / or wherein all battery cells comprise a common base body. Each cell thus preferably comprises its own safety device and its own measuring device, for example for tapping a voltage for measurements. Alternatively or additionally, the storage device comprises a safety device and / or a measuring device for each group of battery cells. Thus, a storage device designed in this way enables a defined measurement of individual cells and / or cell groups and / or a defined triggering of safety devices for individual cells and / or cell groups.A storage device designed in this way is particularly advantageous since it advantageously enables storage of electrical energy, wherein the design of the measuring devices and the securing devices enables advantageous measurement and securing of the battery cells of the storage device in a particularly simple, space-saving and low-cost manner.

[0020] According to a preferred further development of the invention, it can be provided in a storage device that the first pole is designed as the positive pole of the storage device, in particular wherein the first pole is designed at least in sections from aluminum. Preferably, the first pole is designed as the positive pole and the second pole as the negative pole of the storage device. The positive pole comprises the safety device according to the invention and is designed at least in sections from aluminum. A positive pole designed at least in sections from aluminum is particularly advantageous because it enables a smaller potential difference between the positive pole and the base body. The negative pole is preferably, as described in detail above, completely insulated from the base body.The securing device can advantageously be designed in a cost-effective and space-saving manner for a storage device designed in this way, so that the functions of the storage device according to the invention are made possible by simple means.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having at least one storage device according to the first aspect. The described motor vehicle offers all the advantages already described for the storage device according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0022] A storage device according to the invention and a motor vehicle are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. They show schematically: Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a storage device for storing electrical energy with a safety device, Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a storage device for storing electrical energy with a triggered safety device, and Fig. 3 in a side view a motor vehicle with a storage device.

[0023] Elements with the same function and mode of action are listed in the Fig. 1 to 3 are each provided with the same reference numerals.

[0024] In Fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a storage device 10 for storing electrical energy with a fuse device 50. The storage device 10 has a base body 20, a first pole 30, a second pole 40, and a fuse device 50. The first pole 30 and the second pole 40 each comprise an insulation device 32, 42, wherein the first pole 30 and the second pole 40 are each electrically insulated from the base body 20 by one of the insulation devices 32, 42, at least in sections. The fuse device 50 comprises an irreversibly separable connecting device 52 for the electrically conductive connection between the at least one first pole 30 and the base body 20, wherein the fuse device 50 is designed for the irreversible separation of the connecting device 52 and wherein the connecting device 52 is arranged within the insulation device 32 of the first pole 30.The fuse device 50 and the connection device 52 are designed together. The fuse device 50 is designed for the irreversible separation of the connection device 52 in the event of a short circuit between the base body 20 and the first pole 30. The second pole 40 is completely electrically insulated from the base body 20 by the insulation device 42 of the second pole 40. The base body 20 is designed as a metallic housing, and the base body 20 comprises a non-metallic sheath. The connection device 52 is encapsulated within the insulation device 32 of the first pole 30 and designed as a fuse. The storage device 10 comprises a measuring device 60, wherein the measuring device 60 is designed for measurements between the base body 20 and only the first pole 30. The measuring device 60 is connected to the base body 20 and the first pole 30 in parallel with the fuse device 50.

[0025] In Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the storage device 10 of Fig. 1 for storing electrical energy with a triggered fuse device 50. The fuse device 50 has irreversibly separated the connecting device 52 due to a short circuit between the base body 20 and the first pole 30.

[0026] In Fig. 3 schematically shows a side view of a motor vehicle 100 with a storage device 10. List of reference symbols 10 Storage device 20 basic bodies 30 first pole 32 Isolation device 40 second pole 42 Isolation device 50 Safety device 52 Connecting device 60 measuring device 100 motor vehicles

Claims

[1] Storage device (10) for storing electrical energy, the storage device (10) comprising a base body (20), at least one first pole (30), at least one second pole (40) and a fuse device (50), wherein the at least one first pole (30) and the at least one second pole (40) each comprise at least one insulation device (32, 42), wherein the first pole (30) and the second pole (40) are each electrically insulated from the base body (20) at least in sections by at least one of the insulation devices (32, 42), characterized bythat the securing device (50) comprises at least one irreversibly separable connecting device (52) for the electrically conductive connection between the at least one first pole (30) and the base body (20), wherein the securing device (50) is designed for the irreversible separation of the connecting device (52) and wherein the connecting device (52) is arranged at least in sections within the insulating device (32) of the first pole (30). [2] Storage device (10) according to claim 1, characterized by that the safety device (50) is designed for the irreversible separation of the connecting device (52) in the event of a short circuit between the base body (20) and the first pole (30). [3] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the second pole (40) is completely electrically insulated from the base body (20) by the insulation device (42) of the second pole (40). [4] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the base body (20) is designed as a metallic housing at least in sections and / or that the base body (20) comprises a non-metallic casing at least in sections. [5] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the connecting device (52) is at least partially cast within the insulating device (32) of the first pole (30) and / or that the connecting device (52) is designed as a fuse. [6] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the storage device (10) comprises at least one measuring device (60), wherein the at least one measuring device (60) is designed for measuring between the base body (20) and the first pole (30) or the second pole (40). [7] Storage device (10) according to claim 6, characterized by that the at least one measuring device (60) is connected parallel to the securing device (50) to the base body (20) and the first pole (30) or the second pole (40). [8] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the storage device (10) is designed as a battery stack with a plurality of battery cells, in particular wherein each battery cell comprises a securing device (50) and / or a measuring device (60) and / or wherein all battery cells comprise a common base body (20). [9] Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the first pole (30) is designed as a positive pole of the storage device (10), in particular wherein the first pole (30) is designed at least in sections from aluminum. [10] Motor vehicle (100) comprising at least one storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

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