Gas deposition cell with functionalized graphite and / or carbon black

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) for deposition of a gaseous Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, which comprises an adsorption electrode (20) with at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of the Lewis acid and a counterelectrode (30) with at least one electrochemically active material for charge equalization of the adsorption electrode (20). The at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the at least one electrochemically active material of the counterelectrode (30) is applied to a carbon material.In order to provide electrochemical gas deposition cells (10) and their adsorption electrodes (20) and / or counter electrodes (30) with a high durability in a simple, cost-effective and series-production manner, in particular which can be used for electrochemical (potential) swing adsorption or electro(chemical) swing adsorption (ESA), the carbon material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the counter electrode (30) comprises graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m. 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g. Furthermore, the invention relates to corresponding manufacturing processes as well as electrode materials and electrodes (20,30).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrochemical gas deposition cell for separating a gaseous Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid, in particular a gas mixture, corresponding electrode materials and electrodes, and manufacturing methods therefor. State of the art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is an electrophilic electron pair acceptor and is therefore a Lewis acid.

[0003] The separation of carbon dioxide from process gas streams or atmospheric air is also called carbon capture.

[0004] In the scientific publication Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 3530, Hatton et al. describe a gas separation cell for carbon dioxide capture that can be operated using electrochemical (potential) swing adsorption (ESA). The gas separation cell features a gas adsorption electrode based on polyanthraquinone-functionalized carbon nanotubes (PAQ-CNTs) (PAQ: polyanthraquinone) and a counter electrode based on polyvinyl ferrocene-functionalized carbon nanotubes (PVFc-CNTs) (PVFc: polyvinylferrocene). Carbon dioxide is bound to the adsorption electrode by reacting with electrons. The necessary electrical charge balancing takes place via the counter electrode based on polyvinyl ferrocene-functionalized carbon nanotubes, which supplies electrons from the ferrocene.Charge equalization between the adsorption electrode and the counter electrode occurs via the ion mobility of an ionic liquid impregnated into both electrodes. A separator in the form of a porous membrane made of an insulating material impregnated with ionic liquid is arranged between the electrodes. This separator, on the one hand, interrupts the electron conduction between the two electrode compartments and, at the same time, connects the two electrode compartments in an ion-conducting manner via diffusion of the ionic liquid through its pores.

[0005] The document US 2022 / 0339579 A1 describes a process for the electrochemical deposition of a gaseous Lewis acid from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid. Disclosure of the invention

[0006] The present invention relates to an electrochemical gas deposition cell for the, in particular electrochemical, deposition of a gaseous Lewis acid, for example carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid, in particular a gas mixture.

[0007] A Lewis acid can be understood in particular as an electrophilic electron pair acceptor, i.e. a compound to which an electron pair of an electron pair donor can be attached, for example in which the compound has an empty orbital that is energetically accessible to the electron pair of the electron pair donor.

[0008] The gas separation cell comprises an adsorption electrode with at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of the Lewis acid, for example, carbon dioxide, and a counter electrode with at least one electrochemically active material for charge balancing of the adsorption electrode. The at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode and / or the at least one electrochemically active material of the counter electrode are applied to a carbon material.

[0009] In particular, the carbon material of the adsorption electrode and / or the counter electrode comprises graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / G.

[0010] Made of graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g, electrically conductive, porous structures with high durability can be advantageously produced in a simple, cost-effective, and series-ready manner. Furthermore, these structures are available in large quantities and have proven themselves as electrical conductors in functional layers. Therefore, their use as a support material for the active material of the adsorption electrode and / or counter electrode can be used to provide electrochemical vapor deposition cells and their adsorption electrodes and / or counter electrodes with high durability in a simple, cost-effective, and series-ready manner.This is of particular interest for non-electrically conductive active materials such as polyanthraquinone (PAQ) and polyvinyl ferrocene (PVFc), which must be electrically contacted via other materials and which have so far been supported on very expensive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are not available in large volumes.

[0011] The gas separation cell can be used particularly advantageously for the separation of carbon dioxide (carbon capture) and / or for electrochemical (potential) swing adsorption, in particular potential swing adsorption, or electro(chemical) swing adsorption (ESA).

[0012] Overall, an electrochemical gas deposition cell for the separation of a gaseous Lewis acid can be provided in a simple, cost-effective and series-production-ready manner, in particular which can be used, for example, for the separation of carbon dioxide (carbon capture) and / or for electrochemical (potential) swing adsorption (ESA) and / or can have a high durability.

[0013] The adsorption electrode and / or the counter electrode, in particular the adsorption electrode, can be porous. A porosity as high as possible is of particular interest for the adsorption electrode. Therefore, the carbon material of the adsorption electrode can be graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m². 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g.

[0014] In one embodiment, the carbon material of the adsorption electrode and / or the counter electrode, in particular the adsorption electrode, comprises carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. This allows the electrode to be further optimized.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the carbon material of the adsorption electrode and / or the counter electrode, in particular the adsorption electrode, comprises graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or is formed from it. The graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g can advantageously serve essentially to provide sufficient electron conduction. The graphite can, in particular, have a high electrical conductivity or be highly conductive. The carbon black can, in particular, have a high surface area and a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. Due to its high surface area, the carbon black can advantageously serve essentially as a carrier material for the electrochemically active material. Due to its high surface area, the carbon black can advantageously accommodate a comparatively large amount of electrochemically active material, such as ferrocene polymer, in a comparatively thin layer and thus with a comparatively high electron conduction via the carbon.

[0016] By combining or mixing graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, for example soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or of soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​> 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, a hierarchical structure can advantageously be created in which the electrode conduction function is provided primarily by the graphite and the support function for the electrochemically active material is provided primarily by the carbon black. Furthermore, the porosity of the electrode can be optimized in this way.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the carbon material of the adsorption electrode and / or the counter electrode, in particular the adsorption electrode, comprises graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, for example with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or is formed from it. This allows the electrode to be further optimized.

[0018] The graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g can be in the form of, for example, particularly solid, for example microscopic, particles, for example with an average particle size in a range of ≥ 0.2 mm to ≤ 1.0 mm. Such graphite can advantageously be very inexpensive and available in large volumes.

[0019] The soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g can be in the form of particles, particularly medium-porous ones, for example, with a rough surface. For example, a suitable carbon black is sold under the trade name Vulcan XC-72. Such carbon black can advantageously be very inexpensive and available in large volumes.

[0020] The soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g can, for example, be in the form of particles, particularly highly porous ones, for example, with a high internal porosity. For example, a suitable carbon black is sold under the trade name Ketjenblack EC-600JD. Such carbon black can advantageously be very inexpensive and available in large volumes.

[0021] The at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode can, in particular, be capable of binding and / or adsorbing the Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, in at least one reduced state and releasing it again into an oxidized state by oxidation. The at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode can, for example, comprise or be quinone. For example, the at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode can comprise or be a para-quinone and / or an ortho-quinone. The quinone can, in particular, be a polyquinone and / or be polymerized and / or polymer-bound. For example, the at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode can comprise or be a poly- and / or -para-quinone, in particular a poly- and / or -para-anthraquinone, for example a polyanthraquinone.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the adsorption electrode comprises quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / G.

[0023] For example, the adsorption electrode can be quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or -para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or -para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g.

[0024] For example, the adsorption electrode may be quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or -para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or -para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, for example with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g.

[0025] The at least one electrochemically active material of the counterelectrode can, for example, be capable of releasing electrons upon oxidation into an oxidized state and of accepting electrons upon reduction of the oxidized state, and in particular, in this way enabling charge equalization between the two electrodes. For example, the at least one electrochemically active material of the counterelectrode can comprise or be ferrocene. The ferrocene can, for example, be a polyferrocene and / or polymer-bound and / or polymerized. For example, the electrochemically active material of the counterelectrode can comprise or be a polymer-bound ferrocene or polyferrocene, for example, polyvinyl ferrocene.

[0026] In a further embodiment, the counter electrode comprises ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / G.

[0027] For example, the counter electrode can be ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g.

[0028] For example, the counter electrode can be ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and a ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, for example with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the Lewis acid, in particular a gaseous one, is carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), a sulfur oxide, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) or sulfur trioxide (SO3), a sulfuric acid ester, for example with the general chemical formula R2SO4, for example dimethyl sulfate, a nitrogen oxide, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or nitrogen trioxide (NO3), a phosphoric acid ester, for example with the general chemical formula: R3PO4, for example trimethyl phosphate, a sulfide, for example with the general chemical formula R2S, a carboxylic acid ester, for example with the general chemical formula: RCOOR', such as methyl formate or methyl acrylate, an aldehyde, for example with the general chemical formula: RCHO, such as formaldehyde or acrolein, a ketone, for example with the general chemical formula: R'2CO, such as acetone, an isocyanate, for example with the general chemical formula: R'NCO,such as methyl isocyanate, an isothiocyanate, for example with the general chemical formula: R'NCS, a borane, for example with the general chemical formula: BR''3, such as trimethylborane, or a borate, for example with the general chemical formula: R''3BO3, such as trimethylborate, or a combination thereof. R, in particular each R independently of one another, can represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, in particular having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocycloalkyl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, in particular having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. R', in particular each R' independently of one another, can represent an alkyl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, in particular having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocycloalkyl group,in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, in particular having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. R'', in particular each R'' independently of one another, can represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, in particular having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocycloalkyl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, in particular having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0030] Within the scope of one embodiment of this embodiment, the Lewis acid, in particular gaseous, is carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or nitrogen trioxide (NO3) or a combination thereof.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of this method, the Lewis acid, particularly in gaseous form, is carbon dioxide (CO2). The gas separation cell can be used particularly advantageously for carbon capture.

[0032] In particular, a separator can be arranged between the adsorption electrode and the counter electrode.

[0033] The gas deposition cell, the adsorption electrode, the counter electrode and their electrode materials can be manufactured, for example, by a manufacturing process explained below.

[0034] Carbon materials of electrodes according to the invention can be detected, for example, by means of scanning electron microscopy and, in particular, can also be distinguished from carbon nanotubes.

[0035] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the gas deposition cell according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects according to the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0036] Another subject of the invention is a method for producing an electrode material for an adsorption electrode and / or a counter electrode, in particular for an adsorption electrode, of a gas deposition cell according to the invention.

[0037] In this process, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g and an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion of at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of a Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, or at least one electrochemically active material for the charge equalization of an adsorption electrode in a solvent and / or dispersant to form an active material-, graphite- and / or carbon black-containing solution and / or dispersion and then the solvent and / or dispersant is (again) removed, in particular by drying.

[0038] To form an electrode material for an adsorption electrode, in particular an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion of at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of a Lewis acid, in particular of carbon dioxide, for example a quinone solution and / or dispersion, for example a poly- and / or para-quinone solution and / or dispersion, for example a poly- and / or para-anthraquinone solution and / or dispersion, for example a polyanthraquinone solution and / or dispersion, can be used.

[0039] To form an electrode material for a counter electrode, it is possible in particular to use a solution and / or dispersion containing active material of at least one electrochemically active material for charge equalization of an adsorption electrode, for example a solution and / or dispersion containing ferrocene, for example polymer-bound ferrocene or poly-ferrocene, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene.

[0040] In one embodiment, soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used.

[0041] In a further embodiment, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used.

[0042] In a special embodiment, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, if appropriate with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. This advantageously allows for the realization of a lung-like porous structure.

[0043] Graphite and / or carbon black can optionally be used in the form of a graphite- and / or carbon black-containing dispersion, in particular which is previously prepared by dispersing graphite and / or carbon black in a dispersing agent.

[0044] In a further embodiment, mechanical comminution of graphite and / or carbon black is carried out during mixing. In particular, the mixing can be carried out by grinding, for example using grinding beads and / or in a ball mill. The grinding process can advantageously achieve both a functionally optimized particle size of the carbon materials (graphite and carbon black) and an optimized, for example uniform and / or sufficiently thick, coating or wetting with the electrochemically active material, which can have a beneficial effect on the mechanical structure of the electrode and its electrochemical function. The active material-containing solution and / or dispersion can be prepared beforehand by dissolving and / or dispersing the at least one electrochemically active material.

[0045] Within the scope of a further embodiment, a solution and / or dispersion containing quinone, in particular poly- and / or -para-quinone, for example poly- and / or -para-anthraquinone, for example polyanthraquinone, is used as an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for producing an electrode material for an adsorption electrode, in particular as an electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of the Lewis acid, in particular of carbon dioxide, in particular for forming the adsorption electrode. Thus, in particular, an electrode material can be produced which comprises quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0046] Within the scope of a further embodiment, a ferrocene-containing solution and / or dispersion, for example a polymer-bound ferrocene or polyferrocene, for example polyvinyl ferrocene, is used as the active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for producing an electrode material for a counterelectrode, in particular as an electrochemically active material for charge equalization of an adsorption electrode, in particular for forming a counterelectrode. In particular, an electrode material can be produced which comprises ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0047] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the electrode material production method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects of the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0048] A further subject matter of the invention is an electrode material for an adsorption electrode and / or counter electrode, in particular for an adsorption electrode, of a gas separation cell according to the invention, which is produced by a method according to the invention and / or which is an electrode material for an adsorption electrode and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or -para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or -para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or is formed therefrom and / or which is an electrode material for a counter electrode and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0049] The electrode material can, for example, be an electrode material for an adsorption electrode and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, if appropriate with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprise or be formed from.

[0050] However, the electrode material can also be, for example, an electrode material for a counter electrode and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, if appropriate with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprise or be formed from.

[0051] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the electrode material according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects according to the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0052] Another subject of the invention is a method for producing an electrode, in particular an adsorption electrode and / or a counter electrode, in particular an adsorption electrode, for a gas deposition cell according to the invention.

[0053] The process comprises in particular the process steps a), b) and c).

[0054] In process step a), graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g and an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion of at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of a Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, or at least one electrochemically active material for charge equalization of an adsorption electrode are mixed to form an active material-, graphite- and / or carbon black-containing solution and / or dispersion.

[0055] To form an adsorption electrode, the active material-containing solution and / or dispersion can be, in particular, a quinone solution and / or dispersion, in particular a poly- and / or para-quinone solution and / or dispersion, for example a poly- and / or para-anthraquinone solution and / or dispersion, for example a polyanthraquinone solution and / or dispersion.

[0056] To form a counter electrode, the active material-containing solution and / or dispersion can in particular be a ferrocene solution and / or dispersion, for example a solution and / or dispersion containing polymer-bound ferrocene or poly-ferrocene, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene.

[0057] In process step b), in particular a separator layer and / or a carrier layer, for example a carrier foil, is then coated with the solution and / or dispersion containing active material, graphite and / or soot to form a wet layer.

[0058] In process step c), the wet layer in particular is dried to form the electrode.

[0059] In one embodiment, in process step a) carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m2 / g, used.

[0060] In a further embodiment, in process step a) graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. In particular, in process step a) graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, if appropriate with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. This advantageously allows the realization of a lung-like porous structure.

[0061] In a further embodiment, graphite and / or carbon black is used in process step a) in the form of a graphite- and / or carbon black-containing dispersion, which is produced in a process step a0) carried out before process step a) by dispersing graphite and / or carbon black in a dispersing agent.

[0062] Within the scope of a further embodiment, mechanical comminution of graphite and / or carbon black is (also) carried out in process step a) and / or a0), in particular in process step a). In particular, in process step a) and / or a0), in particular in process step a), graphite and / or carbon black can be ground, for example, using grinding beads and / or in a ball mill.

[0063] In process step a), for example, a solution and / or dispersion containing active material can be used, which is produced in a process step a0*) carried out before process step a) by dissolving and / or dispersing the at least one electrochemically active material.

[0064] Within the scope of a further embodiment, a solution and / or dispersion containing quinone, for example poly- and / or para-quinone, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone, for example polyanthraquinone, is used in process step a), in particular as an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for forming the adsorption electrode. Thus, in particular, an adsorption electrode can be produced which comprises quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0065] Within the scope of a further embodiment, a ferrocene-containing solution and / or dispersion, for example a polymer-bound ferrocene-containing solution and / or dispersion, for example polyvinyl ferrocene, is used in process step a), in particular as an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for forming a counter electrode. Thus, in particular, a counter electrode can be produced which comprises ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0066] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the electrode production method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects of the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0067] A further subject matter of the invention is an electrode, for example an adsorption electrode and / or counter electrode, in particular an adsorption electrode, for a gas separation cell according to the invention, which is produced by a method according to the invention and / or which is an adsorption electrode comprising quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or is formed therefrom, or which is a counter electrode which comprises ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0068] For example, the electrode may be an adsorption electrode comprising quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g, if appropriate with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g, and quinone-functionalized, in particular poly- and / or para-quinone-functionalized, for example poly- and / or para-anthraquinone-functionalized, for example polyanthraquinone-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0069] However, the electrode can also be a counter electrode which comprises ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and a ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and a ferrocene-functionalized, in particular poly-ferrocene-functionalized, for example polyvinyl-ferrocene-functionalized, carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from.

[0070] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the electrodes according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects according to the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0071] A further subject of the invention is a method for producing a gas separation cell according to the invention, in which at least one electrode according to the invention, in particular adsorption electrode and / or counter electrode, in particular adsorption electrode, is installed to form a gas separation cell, for example in a method step d).

[0072] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the cell production method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects of the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description.

[0073] Furthermore, the invention relates to a gas separation cell of a gaseous Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid, in particular a gas mixture, which is produced by a method according to the invention.

[0074] With regard to further technical features and advantages of the cell produced according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the other objects according to the invention as well as to the figure and the figure description. drawing

[0075] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the drawings and explained in the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It shows Fig. 1 a schematic cross-section through an embodiment of an electrochemical vapor deposition cell according to the invention.

[0076] Fig. 1 shows that the gas separation cell 10 for separating a gaseous Lewis acid, for example carbon dioxide, in the embodiment shown therein has an adsorption electrode 20 with at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of the Lewis acid, for example carbon dioxide, a counter electrode 30 with at least one electrochemically active material for charge equalization of the adsorption electrode 20 and a separator 40 arranged between the adsorption electrode 20 and the counter electrode 30.

[0077] The at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode 20 and / or the at least one electrochemically active material of the counter electrode 30 is applied to a carbon material (not shown) which is graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g, especially soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or is formed therefrom. The adsorption electrode 20 can in particular comprise quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. The counter electrode 30 can in particular be ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. For example, the carbon material may be graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g or be formed from it. The adsorption electrode 20 may, for example, be quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g and / or the counter electrode 30 ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g to < 400 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g.

[0078] The Fig. The gas adsorption cell 10 shown in Figure 1 can now be operated by means of electrochemical (potential) alternating adsorption in two, in particular alternating, phases, namely in an adsorption mode and in a gas release mode.

[0079] In adsorption operation, the Lewis acid, for example carbon dioxide, for example in the form of a fluid mixture, in particular a gas mixture, with a high carbon dioxide content, can be passed in particular over and / or through the adsorption electrode 20, wherein - for example by a voltage source 50 - a potential is set on the adsorption electrode 20 and the counter electrode 30 of the cell 10 in such a way that the at least one electrochemically active material 21 of the adsorption electrode 20 is reduced by absorbing electrons, by binding and / or adsorbing the Lewis acid and by forming charges, in particular negative ones, and the charges, in particular negative ones, are balanced by the counter electrode 30.

[0080] In adsorption operation for the adsorption of the Lewis acid carbon dioxide (CO2), the partial reaction can occur, particularly at the adsorption electrode 20: A + 2 CO2 + 2 e - → A(-COO - )2, where A stands for quinone, for example anthraquinone, for example polyanthraquinone (PAQ), of the electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode 20, and at the counter electrode 30 the partial reaction: 2 FC → 2 FC + + 2 e - , where Fc stands for ferrocene, for example from polyvinyl ferrocene (PVFc), the counter electrode 30.

[0081] In a gas release mode, the potential set at the adsorption electrode 20 and the counter electrode 30 of the cell 10 can be reversed, particularly compared to the adsorption mode. This also reverses the reaction direction.

[0082] In gas release mode, the partial reaction can occur with the release of the gaseous Lewis acid carbon dioxide (CO2), particularly at the adsorption electrode 20: A(-COO - )2 → A + 2 CO2 + 2 e - , where A stands for quinone, for example anthraquinone, for example polyanthraquinone (PAQ), of the electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode 20, and at the counter electrode 30 the partial reaction: 2 FC + + 2 e - → 2 FC, where Fc stands for ferrocene, for example from polyvinyl ferrocene (PVFc), the counter electrode 30. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 2022 / 0339579 A1

[0005]

Claims

[1] Electrochemical gas separation cell (10) for separating a gaseous Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid, in particular a gas mixture, comprising - an adsorption electrode (20) with at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of the Lewis acid, - a counter electrode (30) with at least one electrochemically active material for charge balancing of the adsorption electrode (20), wherein the at least one electrochemically active material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the at least one electrochemically active material of the counter electrode (30) is applied to a carbon material, wherein the carbon material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the counter electrode (30) is graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g. [2] Gas deposition cell (10) according to claim 1, wherein the carbon material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the counter electrode (30) is soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, in particular wherein the carbon material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the counter electrode (30) is graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from. [3] Gas deposition cell (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon material of the adsorption electrode (20) and / or the counter electrode (30) is graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g comprises or is formed from. [4] Gas separation cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorption electrode (20) comprises quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, and / or wherein the counter electrode (30) is ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g. [5] Gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the Lewis acid is carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, a sulfuric acid ester, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen trioxide, a phosphoric acid ester, a sulfide, a carboxylic acid ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, an isocyanate, an isothiocyanate, a borane or a borate or a combination thereof, in particular wherein the Lewis acid is carbon dioxide. [6] Method for producing an electrode material for an adsorption electrode (20) and / or a counter electrode (30) of an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g and an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion of at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of a Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, or at least one electrochemically active material for charge equalization of an adsorption electrode (20) are mixed in a solvent and / or dispersant to form an active material-, graphite- and / or soot-containing solution and / or dispersion, and then the solvent and / or dispersant is removed. [7] A process according to claim 6, wherein carbon black having a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used, in particular graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, is used, in particular graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, is used. [8] Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a quinone-containing solution and / or dispersion is used as the active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for producing an electrode material for an adsorption electrode (20), and / or wherein a ferrocene-containing solution and / or dispersion is used as the active material-containing solution and / or dispersion, in particular for producing an electrode material for a counter electrode (30). [9] Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein during mixing, a mechanical comminution of graphite and / or carbon black is carried out, in particular wherein the mixing is carried out by grinding, in particular by grinding beads and / or in a ball mill. [10] Electrode material for an adsorption electrode (20) and / or a counter electrode (30) of an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrode material is produced by a method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, and / or wherein the electrode material is an electrode material for an adsorption electrode (20) and is quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, especially quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprises or is formed from, or wherein the electrode material is an electrode material for a counter electrode (30) and is ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, especially ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprises or is formed from. [11] A method for producing an adsorption electrode (20) and / or a counter electrode (30) for an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the method steps: a) Mixing of graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g and an active material-containing solution and / or dispersion of at least one electrochemically active material for the reversible electrochemical adsorption of a Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, or at least one electrochemically active material for the charge equalization of an adsorption electrode (20) to form an active material-, graphite- and / or carbon black-containing solution and / or dispersion, and b) coating a separator layer (40) and / or a carrier layer with the active material-, graphite- and / or carbon black-containing solution and / or dispersion to form a wet layer, and c) Drying the wet layer to form the electrode (20,30). [12] Method according to claim 11, where in process step a) soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used, in particular wherein in process step a) graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used, in particular wherein in process step a) graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and soot with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g is used, and / or wherein in process step a) a quinone-containing solution and / or dispersion is used, and / or wherein in process step a) a solution and / or dispersion containing ferrocene is used, and / or wherein in process step a) a mechanical comminution of graphite and / or soot is also carried out, in particular wherein in process step a) graphite and / or soot are ground. [13] Electrode (20, 30), in particular adsorption electrode (20) and / or counter electrode (30), for an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrode (20, 30) comprises or is formed from an electrode material according to claim 10, and / or wherein the electrode (20, 30) is manufactured by a method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the electrode (20) is an adsorption electrode (20) comprising quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, especially quinone-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and quinone-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprises or is formed from, or wherein the electrode (30) is a counter electrode (30) comprising ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and / or ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, especially ferrocene-functionalized graphite with a surface area of ​​< 80 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 80 m 2 / g up to ≤ 400 m 2 / g and ferrocene-functionalized carbon black with a surface area of ​​≥ 400 m 2 / g up to ≤ 3000 m 2 / g, comprises or is formed from. [14] Method for producing an electrochemical gas deposition cell (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which at least one electrode (20, 30), in particular adsorption electrode (20) and / or counter electrode (30), according to claim 13 is installed to form a gas deposition cell (10). [15] Gas separation cell (10) for separating a gaseous Lewis acid, in particular carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture containing the Lewis acid, in particular a gas mixture, produced by a method according to claim 14.

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