Method and control unit for operating a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system and fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a hydrogen subsystem (110) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (100). The hydrogen subsystem (110) comprises a hydrogen reservoir (111), a first hydrogen metering valve (113), a jet pump (114), and a second hydrogen metering valve (115). In a reading step, input data (106) are read in, comprising predetermined and currently recorded operating parameters of the fuel cell system (100).In a determination step, a first control signal (125) is determined using the input data (105) to actuate the first hydrogen metering valve (113) to supply a first hydrogen volume flow with first pressure peaks to the anode inlet (A1) via the jet pump (114) in pulsed operation. A second control signal (126) is determined using the input data (105) to actuate the second hydrogen metering valve (115) to supply a second hydrogen volume flow with second pressure peaks to the anode inlet (A1) in pulsed operation, with the first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet (A1) being time-shifted. In an output step, the first control signal (125) is output to the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and the second control signal (126) is output to the second hydrogen metering valve (115) to operate the hydrogen subsystem (110).

Description

State of the art

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system, to a corresponding control unit, also a fuel cell system, and to a corresponding computer program product.

[0002] Hydrogen-based PEM fuel cells are considered a future mobility concept because they emit only water as exhaust gas and enable rapid refueling. A PEM fuel cell system (PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane) comprises a fuel cell stack or many individual cells, which can be stacked and held together by a clamping system. Each individual cell can have a membrane that separates the media on the anode and cathode sides. While pulsed operation of a single hydrogen metering valve with an attached jet pump can improve recirculation performance, it can lead to increased pressure (and fluctuation) stress on the membrane or limit the pulse height due to membrane limitations. Disclosure of the invention

[0003] Against this background, the approach presented here introduces a method, a control unit that uses this method, and finally a corresponding computer program product according to the main claims. Advantageous embodiments are described in the respective dependent claims and the following description.

[0004] According to embodiments, a pulsed operation of a fuel cell system with pressure peak suppression can be achieved, particularly in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. For example, by pulsed operation of a hydrogen metering valve with an attached jet pump and a parallel hydrogen metering valve, both the recirculation performance can be improved and the pressure (fluctuation) load on the membrane can be minimized, or a pulse height limitation imposed by the membrane can be reduced. In particular, a reduction in the pressure (fluctuation) load on the membrane during pulsed operation of the hydrogen metering valve can be achieved by operating both a hydrogen metering valve and a parallel hydrogen metering valve in such a way that the pressure peaks before the anode inlet are at least partially canceled out.This allows not only a reduction in pressure (fluctuation) stress, but also, optionally, an increase in the maximum pressure peak in the jet pump without increasing the load on the fuel cell stack or the diaphragm. Furthermore, this may enable a system with only a jet pump or purely passive recirculation without an anode recirculation fan, thus avoiding high demands on load spread (low minimum electrical power) and service life.

[0005] A method for operating a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system, designed as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, is presented, wherein the hydrogen subsystem comprises a hydrogen reservoir, a first hydrogen metering valve, a jet pump, and a second hydrogen metering valve, wherein the first hydrogen metering valve is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir and the jet pump, which is fluid-mechanically connected between the first hydrogen metering valve and an anode inlet of an anode of the fuel cell system, wherein the second hydrogen metering valve is fluid-mechanically connected in parallel to the first hydrogen metering valve and the jet pump between the hydrogen reservoir and the anode inlet, wherein the method comprises the following steps: Reading in input data that includes predefined and currently recorded operating parameters of the fuel cell system;

[0006] Determining a first control signal to actuate the first hydrogen metering valve to supply a first hydrogen volume flow with first pressure peaks via the jet pump to the anode inlet in pulsed operation, and a second control signal to actuate the second hydrogen metering valve to supply a second hydrogen volume flow with second pressure peaks to the anode inlet in pulsed operation, using the input data, wherein the first pressure peaks and the second pressure peaks at the anode inlet are time-shifted from each other; and

[0007] Outputting the first control signal to the first hydrogen metering valve and the second control signal to the second hydrogen metering valve to operate the hydrogen subsystem.

[0008] The fuel cell system can be intended for use in a vehicle, such as a passenger car or similar vehicle. The fuel cell system can be designed as a PEM fuel cell system (PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane), a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, or a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. The fuel cell system can comprise multiple fuel cell modules designed as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. These can also be referred to as a fuel cell stack or, more precisely, a PEM fuel cell stack. Such fuel cell stacks can include many individual fuel cell modules or cells, which can be stacked and held together, for example, by a clamping system. Each individual cell can include a membrane that separates the media on the anode side and the cathode side.A hydrogen metering valve can also be called an HGI (hydrogen gas injector). Input data can be read in via an interface or input interface. Control signals can be output via an interface or output interface.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the control signals can be determined during the determination step in order to set a ratio between the hydrogen volume flows and, additionally or alternatively, the arrival times of the first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet when controlling the hydrogen metering valves, depending on the input data. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that the system's characteristic curve can be extended in the partial load range through such pulsed operation of the hydrogen metering valves. Furthermore, the pulsed operation can temporarily increase the flow velocity of the jet pump and thus improve its recirculation performance or optimize the gas and reactant supply to the anode.

[0010] The input data read during the initial setup step can also include a required recirculation rate in the hydrogen subsystem and a maximum permissible pressure peak as predefined operating parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the input data read during the initial setup step can include electrical current, electrical consumption, hydrogen consumption, operating pressure, operating temperature, and / or operating status as currently recorded operating parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the input data read during the initial setup step can include signal propagation times of the control signals, propagation times of the hydrogen flow rates from the hydrogen metering valves to the anode inlet, and line lengths and volumes in the hydrogen subsystem.Such an embodiment offers the advantage that meaningful influencing factors and relevant control variables can be taken into account in order to operate the hydrogen subsystem safely and efficiently.

[0011] Furthermore, in the determination step, the control signals can be determined using a determination rule that may include a mapping between various currently recorded operating parameters and predefined operating parameters. The determination rule may consist of an operating parameter table, a characteristic map, or a more complex model. Such an implementation offers the advantage that the control signals can be generated precisely and appropriately for the respective operating situation.

[0012] Furthermore, the input data read in the initial step can include a pressure sensor signal from a pressure sensor in the hydrogen subsystem, which is fluidly connected between the jet pump and the second hydrogen metering valve on the one hand, and the anode inlet on the other. In this case, the pressure sensor signal can represent a pressure profile of the hydrogen flow rates at the anode inlet. This design offers the advantage that pressure fluctuations in the system can be easily measured, thus enabling precise and reliable control of the hydrogen metering valves.

[0013] The approach presented here further creates a control unit that is configured to carry out or implement the steps of a variant of the method presented here in appropriate equipment. This embodiment of the invention in the form of a control unit also allows the problem underlying the invention to be solved quickly and efficiently.

[0014] In this context, a control unit can be understood as an electrical device that processes sensor signals and outputs control and / or data signals accordingly. The control unit can have an interface, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software. In the case of a hardware-based interface, the interfaces can, for example, be part of a so-called system ASIC, which incorporates various functions of the control unit. However, it is also possible that the interfaces are separate integrated circuits or at least partially comprised of discrete components. In the case of a software-based interface, the interfaces can be software modules that are, for example, present on a microcontroller alongside other software modules.

[0015] A fuel cell system is also presented, designed as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, which has the following features: a hydrogen subsystem comprising a hydrogen reservoir, a first hydrogen metering valve, a jet pump and a second hydrogen metering valve, wherein the first hydrogen metering valve is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir and the jet pump, which is fluid-mechanically connected between the first hydrogen metering valve and an anode inlet of an anode of the fuel cell system, and wherein the second hydrogen metering valve is fluid-mechanically connected in parallel to the first hydrogen metering valve and the jet pump between the hydrogen reservoir and the anode inlet; and an embodiment of a control unit mentioned herein, wherein the control unit is connected to the first hydrogen metering valve and to the second hydrogen metering valve in a signal-transmitting manner.

[0016] In conjunction with the fuel cell system, an embodiment of the control unit mentioned herein can thus be advantageously used to operate the hydrogen subsystem of the fuel cell system or to control its operation.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the hydrogen subsystem can include a pressure sensor that is fluidly connected between the jet pump and the second hydrogen metering valve on the one hand, and the anode inlet on the other. The pressure sensor can be configured to provide a pressure sensor signal that represents the pressure profile of the hydrogen volume flows at the anode inlet. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that pressure fluctuations in the system can be easily measured, thus enabling precise and reliable control of the hydrogen metering valves.

[0018] It is also advantageous to have a computer program product with program code that can be stored on a machine-readable medium such as semiconductor memory, hard disk memory or optical memory and is used to carry out the method according to one of the embodiments described above, if the program product is executed on a computer or device.

[0019] The approach presented here is explained in more detail below using the attached drawings as examples. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell system; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a fuel cell system; Fig. 3 a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for operating a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system; and Fig. 4 A schematic pressure curve diagram for an anode inlet of an anode of a fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] In the following description of favorable embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various figures and acting similarly, without repeating these elements.

[0021] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a fuel cell system 100. The fuel cell system 100 is designed as a PEM fuel cell system, or proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. A PEM fuel cell system (PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane) comprises a fuel cell stack or many individual cells, which can, for example, be stacked and held together by a clamping system. Each individual cell can have a membrane that separates the media on the anode side and the cathode side from each other. The fuel cell system 100 comprises a hydrogen subsystem 110 and a control unit 120.

[0022] The hydrogen subsystem 110 comprises a hydrogen reservoir 111 or hydrogen tank, a first hydrogen metering valve 113 or HGI (hydrogen gas injector), a jet pump 114, and a second hydrogen metering valve 115. The first hydrogen metering valve 113 is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir 111 and the jet pump 114. The jet pump 114 is fluid-mechanically connected between the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and an anode inlet A1 of an anode A of the fuel cell system 100. The second hydrogen metering valve 115 is fluid-mechanically connected in parallel to the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and the jet pump 114 between the hydrogen reservoir 111 and the anode inlet A1.

[0023] The hydrogen subsystem 110 further comprises, for example, a pressure regulating valve 112. The pressure regulating valve 112 is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir 111 on the one hand and the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and the second hydrogen metering valve 115 on the other. The hydrogen reservoir 111, the first hydrogen metering valve 113, the jet pump 114, and the second hydrogen metering valve 115, like the pressure regulating valve 112, are connected to a hydrogen supply to the anode A. The hydrogen subsystem 110 includes, for example, an anode water separator 117 or AMW (Anode Water Separator) and a purge / drain valve 118 in a hydrogen outlet. From the anode water separator 117, a fluid-mechanically parallel line leads via an optional anode recirculation blower 119 or ARB (Anode Recirculation Blower) of the hydrogen subsystem 110 back to the jet pump 114.The anode recirculation blower 119 is designed to pump, depending on the system design, in combination with the jet pump 114, the hydrogen not consumed from the stack due to excess operation back into the hydrogen supply.

[0024] The control unit 120 is connected to the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and the second hydrogen metering valve 115 via signal transmission. The control unit 120 is designed to operate the hydrogen subsystem 110 or to control its operation. For this purpose, the control unit 120 comprises a reading device 122, a detection device 124, and an output device 128.

[0025] The reading device 122 is configured to read input data 105, which includes predefined and currently recorded operating parameters of the fuel cell system 100. The reading device 122 is connected to at least one device 102 for providing and / or storing the input data 105 via data transmission. Thus, the reading device 122 is specifically configured to read the input data 105 from the device 102 for providing and / or storing the input data 105. According to the embodiment shown here, the device 102 for providing and / or storing the input data is designed as part of the fuel cell system 100. The reading device 122 is also configured to transmit the input data 105 to the detection device 124.

[0026] The input data 105 includes, for example, a required recirculation rate in the hydrogen subsystem 110 and a maximum permissible pressure peak as predefined operating parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the input data 105 includes, for example, an electrical current, electrical consumption, hydrogen consumption, operating pressure, operating temperature, and / or operating state as currently recorded operating parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the input data 105 includes signal propagation times of control signals 125 and 126, which will be discussed in more detail below, propagation times of the hydrogen volume flows from the hydrogen metering valves 113 and 115 to the anode inlet A1, and line lengths and line volumes in the hydrogen subsystem 110.

[0027] The detection device 124 is configured to determine a first control signal 125 and a second control signal 126 using the input data 105. The first control signal 125 is determined and is suitable for controlling the first hydrogen metering valve 113 to supply a first hydrogen volume flow with first pressure peaks to the anode inlet A1 via the jet pump 114 in pulsed operation. The second control signal 126 is determined and is suitable for controlling the second hydrogen metering valve 115 to supply a second hydrogen volume flow with second pressure peaks to the anode inlet A1 in pulsed operation. The first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet A1 are staggered in time.In other words, the first control signal 125 and the second control signal 126 are determined such that the first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet A1 at least partially cancel each other out or are at least dampened. The detection device 124 is also configured to transmit the control signals 125 and 126 to the output device 128.

[0028] The output device 128 is configured to output the control signals 125 and 126 to the hydrogen metering valves. More precisely, the output device 128 is configured to output the first control signal 125 to the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and the second control signal 126 to the second hydrogen metering valve 115. In this way, the hydrogen subsystem 110 can be operated advantageously.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the detection device 124 is configured to determine the control signals 125 and 126 in order to set a ratio between the hydrogen volume flows and / or the arrival times of the first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet A1 when controlling the hydrogen metering valves 113 and 115, depending on the input data 105. Additionally or alternatively, according to another embodiment, the detection device 124 is configured to determine the control signals 125 and 126 using a detection procedure that includes a mapping between various currently detected operating parameters and predefined operating parameters.

[0030] Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell system 100. The fuel cell system 100 in Fig. 2 corresponds to the fuel cell system from Fig. 1 except that the wet liquid subsystem 110 additionally includes a pressure sensor 216. The pressure sensor 216 is fluid-mechanically connected between the jet pump 114 or the second hydrogen metering valve 115 on the one hand and the anode inlet A1 on the other. The pressure sensor 216 is designed to provide a pressure sensor signal that represents a pressure profile of the hydrogen volume flows at the anode inlet A1. The pressure sensor signal can be read by the reading device 122 as part of the input data 105.

[0031] Fig. Figure 3 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of method 320 for operating a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system. Method 320 can be implemented to operate or control the operation of a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell system. Method 320 can be implemented in conjunction with the fuel cell system from one of the figures described herein or a similar fuel cell system. Method 320 can be implemented to operate the hydrogen subsystem from one of the figures described herein or a similar hydrogen subsystem. The steps of method 320 can be performed using a control unit from one of the figures described herein or a similar control unit.

[0032] The operating procedure 320 comprises a reading step 322, a determination step 324, and an output step 328. In reading step 322, input data is read, comprising predefined and currently recorded operating parameters of the fuel cell system. Subsequently, in determination step 324, a first control signal is determined using the input data to actuate the first hydrogen metering valve in order to supply a first hydrogen volume flow with first pressure peaks to the anode inlet via the jet pump in pulsed operation, and a second control signal is determined to actuate the second hydrogen metering valve in order to supply a second hydrogen volume flow with second pressure peaks to the anode inlet in pulsed operation. The first and second pressure peaks are staggered in time at the anode inlet.Subsequently, in step 328 of the output process, the first control signal is output to the first hydrogen metering valve and the second control signal is output to the second hydrogen metering valve in order to operate the hydrogen subsystem.

[0033] Fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic pressure curve diagram 440 for an anode inlet of an anode of a fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment. The pressure curve diagram 440 shows, for example, a pressure profile at the anode inlet of the anode of the fuel cell system from one of the figures described herein or of a similar fuel cell system. Time t is plotted on an abscissa axis of the pressure curve diagram 440, and pressure P is plotted on an ordinate axis of the pressure curve diagram 440. A applied at the anode inlet of the anode.

[0034] A first pressure curve 441 represents a target pressure curve upstream of the anode, or at the anode inlet. A second pressure curve 442 represents an actual pressure curve upstream of the anode, or at the anode inlet. A third pressure curve 443 represents a pressure profile upstream of the anode, or at the anode inlet, caused by the first hydrogen metering valve based on the first control signal. A fourth pressure curve 445 represents pressure compensation upstream of the anode, or at the anode inlet, caused by the second hydrogen metering valve based on the second control signal.

[0035] Fig. In other words, section 4 represents the elimination of the pressure peaks of the third pressure curve 443 by the control of the two hydrogen metering valves described herein. The recirculation capacity of the jet pump is increased while simultaneously minimizing or preventing pressure peaks in the anode. The third pressure curve 443, in combination with the fourth pressure curve 445, results in the second pressure curve 442, which largely corresponds to the first pressure curve 441. The second, third, and / or fourth pressure curves 442, 443, and / or 445 can be, for example, controlled by the pressure sensor from Fig. 2 measurable.

[0036] With reference to the figures described above, exemplary embodiments and their advantages are summarized and explained in other words below.

[0037] Pulsed or clocked operation of the first hydrogen metering valve 113 can extend the operating range of the fuel cell system 100 in the partial load range. Pulsed operation temporarily increases the flow velocity of the jet pump 114, thereby improving its recirculation performance and / or optimizing the gas and reactant supply to the anode A. Pulsed operation of the first hydrogen metering valve 113 alone leads to pressure fluctuations, e.g., around the mean set pressure. The resulting pressure oscillations would act on the fuel cell membrane and could cause mechanical aging, but are minimized by the operating strategy according to the exemplary embodiments. The pressure fluctuations can be easily measured in the system. A pressure sensor 216 in the anode circuit can suffice for this purpose. The hydrogen subsystem 110 has several hydrogen metering valves 113, 115; see, e.g., the topology in [reference missing]. Fig. 1 and / or Fig. 2 with a first hydrogen metering valve 113 with an attached jet pump 114 and a second hydrogen metering valve 115, which directly meters hydrogen upstream of the anode inlet A1. This topology has the advantage that, on the one hand, the jet pump 114 does not need to be designed for the full flow rate, thus improving the part-load characteristics, and on the other hand, the unavoidable recirculation when metering hydrogen via the second hydrogen metering valve 115 can be limited or avoided. In other words, this topology allows more degrees of freedom in controlling the anode operation than, for example, in systems with only a single hydrogen metering valve and jet pump.

[0038] The operating strategy according to the exemplary embodiments uses an operating parameter table or a model that specifies the required recirculation rate and maximum permissible pressure peak at various operating points, depending on electrical current, operating pressure, operating temperature, etc. These specifications are used to distribute the mass flow or volume flow as optimally as possible between the hydrogen metering valves 113 and 115. This allows for an advantageous compromise between avoiding pressure peaks and ensuring sufficient recirculation for a given hydrogen consumption.

[0039] To at least partially eliminate pressure peaks, the following relationships apply to the control of the two hydrogen metering valves 113 and 115: The aim is to meter as much hydrogen as possible briefly via the first hydrogen metering valve 113 and thereby achieve a high mass flow rate in the jet pump 114. To avoid a (negative) pressure peak (e.g., at the upstream sensor), an additional amount of hydrogen is metered via the second hydrogen metering valve 115, for example, to fill troughs in the pressure profile. That is, an additional amount of hydrogen is metered via the second hydrogen metering valve 115, while the first hydrogen metering valve 113 meters less after the pressure pulse. Ultimately, this achieves a balancing of pressure fluctuations and thus reduces the (negative) pressure peaks.The transit times of the two fresh hydrogen flow streams (pulsed), pipe lengths, pipe volumes, signal transit times during activation, etc., are taken into account. Likewise, the measured actual pressure at a reference point or at pressure sensor 216, e.g., upstream of the anode, is considered. Pressure fluctuations in the system can be easily measured. A single pressure sensor 216 in the anode circuit may suffice for this purpose; see [reference]. Fig. 2. This allows (optional) feedback to be integrated into this control concept, which further improves the function.

[0040] An advantageous compromise between maximum recirculation capacity and the suppression or avoidance of pressure spikes can be defined, since the total amount of hydrogen injected (steady-state) is determined by the electrical consumption. For this purpose, a lookup table can be stored in a fuel cell control unit, which defines, for example, the permissible pressure spike based on the membrane load capacity and / or the frequency of the operating point. This defines the amount of suppression required by the second hydrogen metering valve 115, or alternatively, the required recirculation rate. This defines the proportion of hydrogen that should flow through the first hydrogen metering valve 113 via the jet pump 114.

[0041] During a purge process, more hydrogen is consumed. According to one embodiment, a comparatively larger amount of hydrogen can optionally be metered through the first hydrogen metering valve 113. This effect can be taken into account in the previously described compromise by, for example, storing different mass flow rates for the hydrogen metering valves 113 and 115 in a reference table for a purge time window than for normal operation.

[0042] The embodiments described and shown in the figures are only examples. Different embodiments can be combined completely or with respect to individual features. An embodiment can also be supplemented by features from another embodiment.

[0043] Furthermore, the procedural steps presented here can be repeated and carried out in a different order than described.

[0044] If an embodiment includes an “and / or” connection between a first feature and a second feature, this is to be read as meaning that the embodiment according to one embodiment has both the first feature and the second feature, and according to another embodiment either only the first feature or only the second feature.

Claims

[1] Method (320) for operating a hydrogen subsystem (110) of a fuel cell system (100) designed as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, wherein the hydrogen subsystem (110) comprises a hydrogen reservoir (111), a first hydrogen metering valve (113), a jet pump (114) and a second hydrogen metering valve (115), wherein the first hydrogen metering valve (113) is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir (111) and the jet pump (114), which is fluid-mechanically connected between the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and an anode inlet (A1) of an anode (A) of the fuel cell system (100), wherein the second hydrogen metering valve (115) is fluid-mechanically connected in parallel to the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and the jet pump (114) between the hydrogen reservoir (111) and the anode inlet (A1) is switched, wherein the procedure (320) comprises the following steps: Reading (322) of input data (106) comprising predefined and currently recorded operating parameters of the fuel cell system (100); Determine (324) a first control signal (125) to actuate the first hydrogen metering valve (113) to supply a first hydrogen volume flow with first pressure peaks via the jet pump (114) to the anode inlet (A1) in pulsed operation, and a second control signal (126) to actuate the second hydrogen metering valve (115) to supply a second hydrogen volume flow with second pressure peaks to the anode inlet (A1) in pulsed operation, using the input data (105), wherein the first pressure peaks and the second pressure peaks at the anode inlet (A1) are time-shifted from each other; and Output (328) of the first control signal (125) to the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and of the second control signal (126) to the second hydrogen metering valve (115) to operate the hydrogen subsystem (110). [2] Method (320) according to claim 1, wherein in step (324) of determining the control signals (125, 126) are determined in order to set a ratio between the hydrogen volume flows and / or arrival times of the first and second pressure peaks at the anode inlet (A1) when controlling the hydrogen metering valves (113, 115) depending on the input data (105). [3] Method (320) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the input data (105) read in step (322) of the reading process comprise a required recirculation rate in the hydrogen subsystem (110) and a maximum permissible pressure peak as predetermined operating parameters, an electric current, an electric consumption, a hydrogen consumption, an operating pressure, an operating temperature and / or an operating state as currently recorded operating parameters and / or signal transit times of the control signals (125, 126), transit times of the hydrogen volume flows from the hydrogen metering valves (113, 115) to the anode inlet (A1), line lengths and line volumes in the hydrogen subsystem (110). [4] Method (320) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step (324) of determining the control signals (125, 126) are determined using a determination procedure which includes an assignment between various currently recorded operating parameters and specified operating parameters. [5] Method (320) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the input data (105) read in step (322) of the reading process comprise a pressure sensor signal from a pressure sensor (216) of the hydrogen subsystem (110), which is fluid-mechanically connected between the jet pump (114) and the second hydrogen metering valve (115) on the one hand and the anode inlet (A1) on the other hand, wherein the pressure sensor signal represents a pressure profile of the hydrogen volume flows at the anode inlet (A1). [6] Control unit (120) configured to perform the steps of a method (320) according to any of the preceding claims in corresponding facilities (122, 124, 128). [7] Fuel cell system (100) designed as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system (100) has the following features: a hydrogen subsystem (110) comprising a hydrogen reservoir (111), a first hydrogen metering valve (113), a jet pump (114) and a second hydrogen metering valve (115), wherein the first hydrogen metering valve (113) is fluid-mechanically connected between the hydrogen reservoir (111) and the jet pump (114), which is fluid-mechanically connected between the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and an anode inlet (A1) of an anode (A) of the fuel cell system (100), and wherein the second hydrogen metering valve (115) is fluid-mechanically connected in parallel to the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and the jet pump (114) between the hydrogen reservoir (111) and the anode inlet (A1); and a control unit (120) according to claim 6, wherein the control unit (120) is connected to the first hydrogen metering valve (113) and to the second hydrogen metering valve (115) in a signal-transmitting manner. [8] Fuel cell system (100) according to claim 7, wherein the hydrogen subsystem (110) comprises a pressure sensor (216) which is fluid-mechanically connected between the jet pump (114) and the second hydrogen metering valve (115) on the one hand and the anode inlet (A1) on the other hand, wherein the pressure sensor (216) is configured to provide a pressure sensor signal which represents a pressure profile of the hydrogen volume flows at the anode inlet (A1). [9] Computer program configured to execute and / or control the steps of the method (320) according to any one of claims 1 to 5. [10] Machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program according to claim 9 is stored.

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