Polymer stabilizers, stabilizer composition, stabilized polymer composition, processes for the production of polymer stabilizers, processes for stabilizing a polymer, and the use of polymer stabilizers for stabilizing polymers.

Abstract

Increasingly, plastics made from fossil raw materials such as petroleum or natural gas are being supplemented or replaced by plastics based on renewable raw materials obtained through biochemical processes. The question of sustainability then also arises for the plastic additives used for these plastics (and for plastics made from fossil raw materials). Therefore, there is a need for plastic additives based on renewable and readily available raw materials that are highly effective, low volatility, and compatible with polymeric substrates.

Description

Plastics from fossil raw materials such as petroleum or natural gas are increasingly being supplemented or replaced by plastics based on renewable raw materials, obtained via biochemical processes. The question of sustainability is then also posed for the plastics additives used for this purpose (and for plastics made from fossil raw materials). There is therefore a need for plastics additives based on renewable and available raw materials with high effectiveness, low volatility and compatibility with polymeric substrates.Sugar molecules such as alditols are readily available biogenic raw materials which are already used today as plastic additives in the form of stabilizers for recycled plastics (WO2019063550), as costabilizers for polyphenols (WO2020083740) or as metal deactivators (WO2023198777).Alditols and substituted alditols are known and described in the above. Patent Applications are described. Furthermore, monomeric acrylates / methacrylates have been claimed in JP 07316098 as dental filling materials. However, the synthesis method described there results in a product mixture which has to be separated in a complicated manner, for example by chromatography. The preparation of acetalized polymeric intermediates is described in G. Kösmeal, J. Volkheimer, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1991, 1079-1081, removal of the protective groups and use as an additive for plastics is not included.The next prior art is substituted alditols which are used as stabilizers for recyclates (WO 2020 / 193563). There, polymeric alditol structures in the form of polycondensation products and (meth)acrylates are also described generically.However, the commercially available alditols, such as e.g. erythritol, xylitol or sorbitol, do not fulfil all the stated claims with regard to thermal stability, migration behaviour and / or compatibility with the respective polymers. The incorporation of alditol functionality into polymeric structures should be described above. These have no disadvantages.It is an object of the present invention to develop novel polymeric additives based on alditols and a corresponding production process.This object is achieved with respect to a polymeric stabilizer having the features of claim 1, with respect to a stabilizer composition having the features of claim 11, with respect to a stabilized polymer composition having the features of claim 13, with a method for producing a polymeric stabilizer having the features of claim 16, with a method for stabilizing a polymer having the features of claim 18 and with respect to the use of a polymeric stabilizer having the features of claim 19. The respectively dependent patent claims represent advantageous refinements in this case.The present invention thus relates, according to a first aspect, to a polymeric stabilizer comprising a polymer chain to which alditols and / or cyclitols are bonded, the polymer chain having been obtained by free-radical polymerization.According to the present invention, there is thus provided a polymer resulting from radical polymerization. In the radical polymerization, at least one type of monomer is used which comprises the alditols and / or cyclitols, so that after completion of the radical polymerization a polymer chain results to which the alditols and / or cyclitols are bonded. Details are explicitly described below in the description of the method procedure.Surprisingly, it has been found that the polymeric stabilizer compounds have excellent properties for stabilizing, in particular other polymers. The stabilizers are based in part on renewable raw materials, such as alditols or cyclitols. Due to their polymeric structure, migration behavior can be completely avoided. The stabilizers according to the invention can be compatible with respective polymer systems into which the stabilizers are to be incorporated by matching the stabilizers according to the invention to the respective polymers.A preferred embodiment provides that the polymeric stabilizer has a structure according to general formula I wherein R 1 is a radical derived from an alditol or cyclitol which is bonded via a carbon atom, R 2 and R 3 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular that R 2 and R 3 are identical and each represent a methyl group, A is O or NH, X represents a bridging group a is 1 or 0, b is 1 or 0, and P represents the polymer chain.It is furthermore preferred that the radical R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the following radicals where c is 2, 3, 4 or 5 (in particular c is 3 or 5), or R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH and -OR 5, where R 5 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular is methyl, with the proviso that of all radicals R 4 at least 3 radicals R 4 are not hydrogen.In particular, the radicals R 1 are selected here from the group consisting of the following radicals The bridging compound X is in particular the following grouping The polymer chain preferably has a repeat unit of the general formula II: where R 1, R 2, R 3, X, a and b have the meaning given in Claim 0 and R 6 is identical or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular methyl and aromatic radicals, in particular phenyl or alpha-methylphenyl.A further preferred embodiment is distinguished in that the polymeric stabilizer is a homopolymer and is formed in particular from repeat units of the formula II.It is very particularly preferred that the polymeric alditol derivative is formed on the basis of arabit(ol), xylitol(ol), ribitol(ol) or volemitol.Alternatively, it is possible that the polymeric stabilizer is a copolymer and comprises, in addition to the repeating unit according to general formula II, at least one further repeating unit obtained by free radical polymerization, wherein the at least one further repeating unit obtained by free radical polymerization preferably has the following structure according to general formula III: wherein X, R 6 and b have the meaning given above.In this case, the molar ratio of the entirety of the repeating units of general formula II to the entirety of the sum of all the repeating units of general formula II and general formula III is preferably from 0.01 to 99.9, preferably from 1 to 99, particularly preferably from 5 to 95.In particular, in formula I or formula II, the radicals R are 2 and R are 3 each methyl, A is oxygen, X-C(=O)-, and a and b are each 1.The present invention further relates to a stabilizer composition comprising or consisting of at least one polymeric stabilizer according to any of the preceding claims and at least one additive which differs from the polymeric stabilizer and is selected from the group consisting of primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, UV absorbers, the light stabilizers, in particular the hindered amines as light stabilizers (HALS) and long-term heat stabilizers (HAS), the metal deactivators, the filler deactivators, the antiozonants, nucleating agents, antinucleating agents, transparency improvers (Clarifier), impact strength improvers, plasticizers, lubricants, rheology or viscosity modifiers, thixotropic agents, chain extenders, processing auxiliaries, mold release auxiliaries, flame retardants, pigments, dyes, optical brighteners, antimicrobial active ingredients, antistatic agents, slip agents, Antiblocking agents, coupling agents, crosslinking agents, anticrosslinkers, hydrophilizing agents, water repellents, surface modifiers, hydrolysis stabilizers, adhesion promoters, dispersants, compatibilizers, oxygen scavengers, acid scavengers, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde scavengers, blowing agents, degradation additives (sequestering agents), defoaming aids, odor scavengers and odor-improving substances, PVC heat stabilizers, marking agents, antifogging agents, gloss improvers, matting agents, additives for increasing the electrical and / or thermal conductivity, repellents, fillers and reinforcing materials and mixtures thereof.In this case, it is advantageous if the weight ratio of the entirety of the at least one stabilizer to the total stabilizer composition is from 0.01 to 0.99, preferably from 0.2 to 0.80.The following preferred additives are particularly suitable: Primary antioxidants act as H donors and as free radical scavengers and thus interrupt the free radical auto-oxidation process in the case of polymers. Suitable primary antioxidants are phenolic antioxidants, (partially)aromatic amines, hydroxylamines and lactones.Suitable synthetic phenolic antioxidants are, for example:Alkylated monophenols, such as, for example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched nonylphenols, such as, for example, 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures thereof;Alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol;Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate;Tocopherols, such as α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E);Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-secamylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfide;Alkylidene diphenols, such as, for example, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclhexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane;O, N and S-benzyl compounds, such as, for example, 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate;Hydroxybenzylated malonates, such as dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl 2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate;Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, such as, for example, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol;Triazine compounds, such as, for example, 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-noxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate;Benzyl phosphonates, such as dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate, di-ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate, dioctadecyl 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl phosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid;acyl amino phenols, such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxy stearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate;ester of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 3,9-Bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane;Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;Esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard ® XL-1 marketed by Uniroyal);Vitamin CParticularly preferred phenolic antioxidants are: wherein n is an integer in the aforementioned compounds and is between 2 and 10.Further particularly preferred phenolic antioxidants are based on renewable raw materials such as tocopherols (vitamin E), tocotrienols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, hydroxytyrosol, flavonols such as chrysin, crosscitin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringin, morin, kaempferol, fisetin, anthocyanins such as delphinidin and malvidin, curcumin, carnosolic acid, carnosol, rosemary acid, resveratrol and tannins.Suitable aminic antioxidants are, for example:N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, e.g. p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-phenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, and mixtures or combinations thereof.Preferred amino antioxidants are: N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-secbutyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'phenyl-p-phenylenediamine.Particularly preferred aminic antioxidants are the structures: Preferred hydroxylamines or N-oxides (nitrones) are, for example, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-distearylhydroxylamine, N-benzyl-α-phenylnitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecylnitrone, and Genox EP (SI Group) of the formula: Suitable lactones are benzofuranones and indolinones are, for example, 3-(4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one), 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-etho-xy-phenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one and lactones which additionally contain phosphite groups, for example A particularly preferred lactone has the following structure:Another suitable group of antioxidants are isoindolo[2,1-A]quinazolines such as Secondary antioxidants act primarily as hydroperoxide decomposers in the stabilization of plastics. Suitable secondary antioxidants are, in particular, phosphites or phosphonites, such as, for example, triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyl dialkyl phosphites, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphites, trioctadecyl phosphite, Distearylpentaerythritoldiphosphit tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, Diisodecylpentaerythritoldiphosphit bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, Diisodecyloxypentaerythritoldiphosphit bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6 methylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8, 10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8, 10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2'2"-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3",5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl) phosphite], 2-Ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)) phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,2-dioxaphosphirane.Particularly preferred phosphites are: where n=1 to 100 Where n=3 to 100 where n=3 to 100.A preferred phosphonite is: Suitable secondary antioxidants are furthermore sulfur compounds, such as, for example, distearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipro-pionate; ditridecyl dithiopropionate, ditetradecyl thiodipropionate, 3-(dodecylthio)-1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(dodecylthio)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl]propanoic acid esters.The following structures are preferred: Suitable further secondary antioxidants are sulfites. Preference is given to inorganic sulfites, disulfites or thiosulfates of a mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent metal, where the metal is preferably an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum and / or zinc and where the inorganic sulfite is used in particular in its water-of-crystallization form.Suitable salts are, in particular, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, lithium sulfite, calcium sulfite, magnesium sulfite, aluminum sulfite or zinc sulfite. Thiosulfates such as sodium thiosulfate are also suitable.Suitable fillers and reinforcing materials are, for example, synthetic or natural materials such as, for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, glass beads (solid or hollow), talc, mica, kaolin, barium sulfate, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, wood flour or fibers of natural products such as, for example, cellulose or synthetic fibers. Further suitable fillers are hydrotalcites or zeolites or sheet silicates such as, for example, montmorillonite, bentonite, beidelite, mica, hectorite, saponite, vermiculite, ledikite, magadite, illite, kaolinite, wollastonite, attapulgite.Suitable acid scavengers ("antiacids") are salts of one, two, three or tetravalent metals, preferably alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum or zinc, in particular formed with fatty acids, such as, for example, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate; zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium laurate, calcium behenate, calcium lactate, calcium stearoyl-2-lactate. Further classes of suitable acid scavengers are hydrotalcites, in particular synthetic hydrotalcites based on aluminum, magnesium and zinc, hydrotalcites, zeolites, alkaline earth metal oxides, in particular calcium oxide and magnesium oxide and zinc oxide, alkaline earth metal carbonates, in particular calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and dolomite and hydroxides, in particular brucite (magnesium hydroxide).Furthermore, suitable costabilizers are polyols, in particular alditols or cyclitols. Polyols are, for example, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, short-chain polyether polyols or polyester polyols, and hyperbranched polymers / oligomers or dendrimers having alcohol groups, for example Preferably, the at least one alditol is selected from the group consisting of threitol, erythritol, galactitol, mannitol, ribitol, sorbitol, xylitol, arabitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, altritol, iditol, maltotritol and hydrogenated oligo- and polysaccharides with polyol end groups and mixtures thereof. The at least one preferred alditol is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of erythritol, mannitol, isomalt, maltitol and mixtures thereof.Examples of further suitable sugar alcohols are heptitols and octitols: meso-glycero-allo-heptitol, D-glycero-D-altro-heptitol, D-glycero-D-manno-heptitol, meso-glycero-gulo-heptitol, D-glycero-Dgalacto-heptitol (perseitol), D-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol, L-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol, D-erythro-L-galacto-octitol, D-threo-L-galacto-octitol.In particular, the at least one cyclitol can be selected from the group consisting of inositol (myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- and cis-inositol), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxycyclohexane, lateralcitol, viscumitol, bornesitol, condudtol, ononitol, pinitol, pinpollitol, quebrachitol, ciceritol, quinic acid, shikimiic acid and valeyol, preference being given here to myo-inositol (myo-inositol).Further suitable costabilizers are ester and ether derivatives of the alditols or cyclitols mentioned, such as, for example, the following compounds: Suitable UV absorbers are, for example, compounds based on 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, esters of benzoic acids, acrylates, oxamides and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines.Suitable 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles are, for example, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3"'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-Dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol] the product of the transesterification of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CH 2 CH 2- COO-CH 2 CH 2]2, wherein R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazole, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazole.Suitable 2-hydroxybenzophenones are, for example, 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octyloxy-, 4-decyloxy-4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethyoxy derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenones.Suitable acrylates are, for example, ethyl-a-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl-a-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl-a-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl-a-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl-a-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl-a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate and N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline.Suitable esters of benzoic acids are, for example, 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl 4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.Suitable oxamides are, for example, 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylam inopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixtures with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.Suitable 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines are, for example, 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl-1,3,5-triazine.Suitable metal de(s)activators are, for example, N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-ssalicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzyliden)oxalyldihydrazid oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoylbisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)oxylyldihydrazid N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyldihydrazid, Tris [2-tert-butyl-4-thio(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butyl)phenyl-5-methyl]phenyl phosphites.Particularly suitable as metal deactivators are: Suitable hindered amines are, for example, 1,1-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebazate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebazat, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetra,methyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl piper-azinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, linear or cyclic condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, the reaction product of 7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin. Included in the structures indicated above are in each case also the sterically hindered N-H, N-alkyl such as N-methyl or N-octyl, the N-alkoxy derivatives such as N-methoxy or N-octyloxy, the cycloalkyl derivatives such as N-cyclohexyloxy and the N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) analogs.Particularly hindered amines are as follows: Preferred oligomeric and polymeric hindered amines have the following structures: Where n=2 to 100, preferably 2 to 10, in each case Where n=3 to 200, preferably 5 to 100, in each case Where n=1 to 100, preferably 2 to 10, or in each case Another suitable light stabilizer is Hostanox NOW (manufacturer: Clariant SE) having the following general structure: where R is -O-C(O)-C 15 H 31 or -O-C(O)-C 17 H 35.Compatibilizers or compatibilizers are used, for example, in the case of thermodynamically immiscible blends or else in the case of recycle mixtures and comprise structural elements of the respective blend components which are mixed. Suitable compatibilizers for polyolefin mixtures are, for example, olefin block copolymers consisting of ethylene, propylene and alpha-olefins, for example 1-octene. Other compatibilizers, especially for compatibilizing polar polymers such as PET or polyamides and nonpolar polymers such as PP or PE, frequently contain reactive groups derived, for example, from maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate and are, for example, polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride, polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride, polypropylene-g-acrylic acid, polyethylene-g-acrylic acid, poly(ethylene-co-maleic anhydride), SBS-g-maleic anhydride, SEBS-g-maleic anhydride, polyethylene-polyacrylate-polyglycidyl methacrylate.Suitable dispersing agents are, for example:Polyacrylates, for example copolymers having long-chain side groups, polyacrylate block copolymers, alkylamides: for example N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbisoctadecanamide, Sor-bitane esters, for example monostearylsorbitan esters, titanates and zirconates, reactive copolymers having functional groups, for example polypropylene-co-acrylic acid, polypropylene-co-maleic anhydride, polyethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate, polystyrene-alt-maleic anhydride polysiloxanes: for example dimethylsilanediol-ethylene oxide copolymer, polyphenylsiloxane copolymer, amphiphilic copolymers: for example polyethylene block polyethylene oxide, dendrimers, for example dendrimers containing hydroxyl groups.Suitable flame retardants are, in particular, a) inorganic flame retardants, such as, for example, Al(OH) 3, Mg(OH) 2, AlO(OH), MgCO 3 sheet silicates, such as, for example, montmorillonite or sepiolite, unmodified or organically modified, double salts, such as, for example, Mg-Al silicates, POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes) compounds, huntite, hydromagnesite or halloysite, and also Sb 2 O 3, Sb 2 O 5, MoO 3, Examples of suitable radical formers are: zinc stannate, zinc hydroxy stannate, b) nitrogen-containing flame retardants, such as melamine, melem, melam, melon, melamine derivatives, melamine condensation products or melamine salts, benzoguanamine, polyisocyanurates, allantoin, phosphaceae, in particular melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, dimelamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine metal phosphates, such as melamine aluminum phosphate, melamine zinc phosphate, melamine magnesium phosphate, and the corresponding pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, poly[2,4-(piperazin-1,4-yl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine], ammonium polyphosphate, melamine borate, melamine hydrobromide, c) radical formers, such as alkoxyamines, for example, Examples of suitable catalysts are hydroxyl amine esters, azo compounds, sulfenamides, sulfenimides, dicumyl or polycumyl, hydroxyimides and derivatives thereof, such as, for example, hydroxyimide esters or hydroxyimide ethers d), phosphorus-containing flame retardants, such as, for example, red phosphorus, phosphates, such as, for example, resorcinol diphosphate, bisphenol A diphosphate and oligomers thereof, triphenyl phosphate, ethylenediamine diphosphate, phosphinoates, such as, for example, salts of hypophosphorous acid, and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl phosphinoate salts, for example diethyl phosphinoate aluminum or diethyl phosphinoate zinc or aluminum phosphinoate, aluminum phosphite, aluminum phosphonate, phosphonate esters, oligomeric and polymeric derivatives of methane phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof, 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphoryl-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and substituted compounds thereof, e) Halogen-containing chlorine- and bromine-based flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl oxides such as decabromodiphenyl oxide, tris(3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl phosphate, tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate, tetrabromophthalic acid, 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, hexabromocyclododecane, brominated diphenylethane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide), tetrabromobisphenol A, brominated polystyrene, brominated polybutadiene and polystyrene-brominated polybutadiene copolymers, brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated epoxy resin, polypentabromobenzyl acrylate, optionally in combination with Sb 2 O 3 and / or Sb 2 O 5, f) borates, such as zinc borate or calcium borate, optionally on support material, such as silica g), sulfur-containing compounds, such as elemental sulfur, disulfides and polysulfides, thiuram sulfide, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazole and sulfenamides, h) anti-drip agents, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, i) silicon-containing compounds, such as polyphenylsiloxanes, j) carbon modifications, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), for example, Expandable graphite or graphene k) and combinations or mixtures thereof.Particularly suitable flame retardants are:Radical formers preferably selected from the group consisting of N-alkoxyamines, -C-C-radical formers, radical formers with azo groups (-N=N-), radical formers with hydrazine groups (-NH-HN-), radical formers with hydrazone groups (>C=N-NH-), radical formers with azine groups (>C=N-N=C<), radical formers with triazene groups (-N=N-N<) or from imineoxytriazines.The preparation of suitable azo compounds is described, for example, in M. Auert et. al. Macromol. Sci. Eng. 2007, 292, 707-714 or in WO 2008101845, the production of hydrazones and azines in M. Aurt et al., Pol. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 1529-1538 describes the production of triazenes in W. Pawelec et al., Pol. Degr. Rod. 2012, 97, 948-954. The synthesis of imineoxytriazines is described in WO 2014 / 064064.Radical formers to be used in particular are selected from the group consisting ofa) N-alkoxyamines according to the structural formula depicted below, where R 3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylheteroaryl or acyl radical, in particular a Cl radical to C4-alkyl radical, R 4 is an alkoxy, aryloxy, cycloalkoxy, aralkoxy or acyloxy radical, Z is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylheteroaryl or acyl radical, where the two radicals Z can also form a closed ring which can optionally be substituted by ester, ether, amine, amide, carboxy or urethane groups, E is an alkoxy, aryloxy, cycloalkyloxy, aralkoxy or acyloxy radical,b) azo compounds according to the structural formulae depicted below, where R 5 denotes an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical, R 6 is identical or different on each occurrence and denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical, R 7 is identical or different on each occurrence and denotes hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical, and R 8 is identical or different on each occurrence and denotes an alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxycycloalkyloxy, aralkoxy or acyloxy radical, c) dicumyl according to the structural formula depicted below, where R 7 has the meaning depicted above, is preferably methyl,d) and / or polycumyl according to the structural formula depicted below, where R 7 has the meaning given above, is preferably methyl, and 2<n<0..Typical examples of the aforementioned N-alkoxyamines of the structure indicated are:1-Cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine: bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino-S-triazine; bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate;2,4-Bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-S-triazine; 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate; 2,4-Bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]-N-butylamino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-S-triazine); 4-piperidinol, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(undecyloxy)-4,4'-carbonate; the reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-S-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropylethylenediamine); the oligomer compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-yl)butylamino]-S-triazine capped at the ends with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-S-triazine; aliphatic hydroxylamine such as di-heteroarylhydroxylamine; and compounds of the following formulas or wherein n=1-15The above compounds are in part commercial products and are sold under the following trade names: FLAMESTAB NOR 116 (RTM), TINUVIN NOR 371 (RTM), IRGATEC CR 76 (RTM) from BASF SE, Hostavin NOW (RTM) from Clariant or ADK Stab LA 81 (RTM) from Adeka. Dicumyl and polycumyl are commercial products available, for example, from United Initiators.b) phosphorus-containing flame retardants, for example phosphinates of the following structures: where preferably R1and R2are identical or different and are selected from linear or branched C1-C6-alkyl and / or aryl; M is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K, Zn and / or a protonated nitrogen base, preferably calcium ions, magnesium ions, aluminum ions, and / or zinc ions; and m=1-4, preferably 2 or 3; n=1-4, preferably 1 or 3; x=1-4, preferably 1 or 2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, R is 1= alkyl, R is 2= alkyl and M=Al or Zn.A particularly preferred example of a phosphinonate is the commercially available products Exolit OP (RTM) from Clariant SE.Further preferred phosphorus-containing flame retardants are metal salts of hypophosphorous acid having a structure according to formula wherein Met is a metal selected from Groups I, II, III and IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and n is a number from 1 to 4 corresponding to the charge of the corresponding metal ion Met. Met n+ is, for example, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Zn 2+, Ti 4+ or Al 3+, wherein Ca 2+, Zn 2+ and Al 3+ are particularly preferred.Some of the abovementioned salts of hypophosphorous acid are commercially available, for example under the name Phoslite (RTM) from Italmatch Chemicals.Another preferred group of phosphorus-containing flame retardants are phosphonates or phosphonic acid diaryl esters of a structure according to the following formula: wherein R 8, and R 10= are H, alkyl, preferably C1-C4, R 9= is C1-C4alkyl u=1-5stand v=1-5.Corresponding structures can also be present in the form of phosphonate oligomers, polymers and copolymers. Linear or branched phosphonate oligomers and polymers are known from the prior art. For branched phosphonate oligomers and polymers, reference is made to U.S. Patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,716,101, 3,326,852, 4,328,174, 4,331,614, 4,374,971, 4,415,719, 5,216,113, 5,334,692, 3,442,854, 6,291,630 B1, 6,861,499 B2 and 7816486 B2. For phosphonate oligomers, reference is made to U.S. patent applications US 2005 / 0020800 A1, US 2007 / 0219295 A1 and US 2008 / 0045673 A1. With respect to linear phosphonate oligomers and polymers, reference is made to U.S. Patent Documents, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,946,093, 3,919,363, 6,288,210 B1, 2,682,522 and 2,891,915.Phophonates are available, for example, under the trade name Nofia (RTM) from FRX Polymers.A further preferred group of phosphorus-containing flame retardants are compounds based on oxaphosphorine oxide and derivatives thereof having, for example, the following structures: wherein M is a metal selected from the second, third, twelfth or thirteenth group of the periodic table of the elements, x=2 or 3, n≥10, m=0-25, R=H is halogen or an aliphatic or aromatic radical having 1-32 C atoms and R is 1= H, C1 -C6 alkyl or phenyl.Products based on oxophosphorine oxide are commercially available, for example, under the trade name Ukanol (RTM) from Schill and Taucher GmbH. Further compounds can be prepared, for example, according to the patent specifications WO 20130020696, WO 2010135398, W003070736, WO 2006084488, WO 2006084489, WO 2010000019, WO 2013068437, WO 2013072295.Further suitable phosphorus-containing flame retardants are cyclic phosphonates of a structure according to one of the following formulae: wherein A 1 and A 2 independently of one another represent a substituted or unsubstituted, straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, and wherein A 3 and A 4 independently of one another are methyl or ethyl and A 5 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl or benzyl group, which may each have up to 3 methyl groups.Cyclic phosphonates are known, for example, from Fa. Thor GmbH under the trade name Aflammit (RTM) or can be prepared according to EP 2450401.Further synergistic phosphorus-containing flame retardants are phosphazenes, especially. Polymeric Phosphazenes. A corresponding product is commercially available, for example, under the designation SPB-100 from Otsuka Chemicals.a) Nitrogen-containing flame retardantsPreferred nitrogen-containing flame retardants are melamine polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, melamine metal phosphates, poly[2,4-(piperazin-1,4-yl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine] and ammonium polyphosphate. These compounds are commercial products and are available under the trade names Melapore (RTM) from BASF SE, Budite (RTM) from Budenheim Chemische Fabrik, Exolite (RTM) from Clariant, Saire (RTM) from Huber Chemicals, or MCA PPM Triazine from MCA Technologies GmbH.c) Preferred sulfur-containing flame retardants are, for example, the following compoundsVery particularly preferred flame retardants are halogen-free and are the following compounds: Al(OH) 3, Mg(OH) 2 n=1-100 where n=2-20 n=2-20 where n=3-100 n=1-3 n=3-100 where R=alkyl, phenyl and n=3-20 in each case Suitable lubricants and processing aids are, for example, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, salts of fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate or salts of montan waxes, amide waxes, for example erucamide or oleic acid amides, fluoropolymers, silicones or neoalkoxy titanates and zirconates.Suitable heat stabilizers, especially for PVC recyclates, are, for example, metal soaps of divalent metals such as Ba, Zn, Ca, for example zinc stearate, calcium stearate, organotin compounds, for example methyl and octyl tin compounds, for example dioctyltin bisisooctylthioglycolate or dioctyltin maleate, aminouracils, aminocrotonic esters, perchlorate salts, and, as costabilizers, phosphites, epoxides, polyols, diketones, dihydropyridines, hydrotalcites, zeolites.Suitable pigments can be inorganic or organic in nature. Inorganic pigments are, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, iron oxide, ultramarine, carbon black, and organic pigments are, for example, anthraquinones, anthanthrones, benzimidazolones, quinacridones, diketopyrrolopyrroles, dioxazines, indanthrones, isoindolinones, azo compounds, perylenes, phthalocyanines or pyranthrones. Further suitable pigments are metal-based effect pigments or pearlescent pigments based on metal oxide.Suitable optical brighteners are, for example, bisbenzoxazoles, phenylcoumarins or bis(styryl)biphenyls and, in particular, optical brighteners of the formulae: Suitable filler deactivators are, for example, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, in particular block copolymers such as polymethacrylic acid polyalkylene oxide or polyglycidyl (meth)acrylates and copolymers thereof, for example with styrene, and epoxides, for example of the following structures: Suitable antistatic agents are, for example, ethoxylated alkylamines, fatty acid esters, alkylsulfonates and polymers which form a co-continuous network with the polymer matrix, such as, for example, polyetheramides, polyesteramides, polyetheresteramides or polyether block copolymers, optionally with addition of ionically conductive metal salts.Suitable antiozonants are the amines mentioned above, such as, for example, N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamineSuitable rheology modifiers, for example for the production of controlled rheology polypropylene (CR-PP), are, for example, peroxides, alkoxyamine esters, oxyimide sulfonic acid esters and in particular the following structures: Suitable additives for molecular weight buildup of polycondensation polymers (chain extenders) are diepoxides, bis-oxazolines, bis-oxazolones, bis-oxazines, diisocyanates, dianhydrides, Bs-acyllactams, bis-maleimides, dicyanates, carbodiimides and polycarbodiimides. Further suitable chain extenders are polymeric compounds such as, for example, polystyrene-polyacrylate-polyglycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers.Suitable additives for increasing the electrical conductivity are, for example, the above-mentioned antistatic agents, carbon black and carbon compounds such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, metal powders such as copper powder, and conductive polymers such as, for example. Polypyrroles, polyanilines and polythiophenes.Suitable infrared-active additives are, for example, aluminum silicates, hydrotalcites or dyes such as phthalocyanines or anthraquinones.Suitable crosslinking agents are, for example, peroxides, such as dialkyl peroxides, alkylaryl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxycarbonates, diacyl peroxides, peroxyketals, silanes, such as, for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyldimethoxymethylsilane or ethylene-vinylsilane copolymers.Suitable prodegradants are additives which specifically accelerate or control degradation of a polymer in the environment. Examples are transition metal fatty acid esters, for example of manganese or iron, which accelerate oxidative and / or photooxidative degradation, for example of polyolefins, or enzymes which induce hydrolytic degradation, for example of aliphatic polyesters.Suitable chemical blowing agents are, for example, azo compounds such as azodicarboxylate diamide, sulfonylsemicarbazides such as p-toluenesulfonylsemicarbazide, tetrazoles such as 5-phenyltetrazole, hydrazides such as p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl)hydrazide, N-nitroso compounds such as N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine or carbonates such as sodium bicarbonate or zinc carbonate.Suitable slip agents are, for example, amide waxes such as erucic acid amide or oleic acid amide.Suitable antiblocking agents are, for example, silica, talc or zeolites.Suitable antifogging additives are, for example, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, ethoxylated fatty alcohols or ethoxylated alkyl amine esters.Suitable biocides are, for example, quaternary ammonium salts or silver salts, colloidal silver or silver complexes or also natural material derivatives such as, for example. Chitosan ChitosanSuitable aldehyde scavengers are amines, hydroxylamines, polyvinyl alcohol, zeolites or cyclodextrins, suitable formaldehyde scavengers are melamine derivatives such as benzoguanamine or urea derivatives such as allantoin.Suitable odour-binding or odour-preventing substances are silicates such as calcium silicate, zeolites or salts of hydroxy fatty acids such as, for example, zinc riceolate.Suitable labeling agents are, for example, fluorescent dyes or rare earths.Suitable nucleating agents are talc, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of mono- and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, for example benzoic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, for example sodium benzoate, zinc glycerolate, aluminum hydroxybis(4-tert-butyl)benzoate, 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, and trisamides and diamides, for example trimesic tricyclohexylamide, trimesic tri(4-methylcyclohexylamide), trimesic tri(tert-butylamide), N,N',N"-1,3,5-benzenetriyltris(2,2-dimethylpropanamide) or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboic acid dicyclohexylamide.Suitable transparency improvers (classification) are, in particular, sorbitol derivatives such as, for example, Suitable antinucleating agents are azine dyes such as, for example, nigrosin or ionic liquids,Suitable additives for increasing the thermal conductivity are, for example, inorganic fillers such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, silicon carbide, but also carbon nanotubes (CNTs).Suitable impact modifiers are, for example, from the group of functionalized or nonfunctionalized polyolefins, such as, for example, ethylene copolymers such as EPDM or maleic anhydride or styrene-acrylonitrile-modified EPDM, glycidyl methacrylate-modified ethylene-acrylate copolymers or else ionomers, core-shell polymers based, for example, on MBS (methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer) or acrylate-polymethyl methacrylate, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) based, for example, on styrene block copolymers (styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), optionally hydrogenated (SEBS) or modified by maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MAH), thermoplastic polyurethanes, copolyesters or copolyamides.Suitable plasticizers are, for example, esters of phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, adipic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, citric acid or phosphoric acid, such as, for example, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), butyl nonyl phthalate (BNP), didecyl phthalate (DDP), diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), diisodecyl adipate (DIDA), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), diisotridecyl phthalate (DTDP), tributyl O-acetyl citrate (TBAC), triethyl O-acetyl citrate (TOAC), tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate (THFO), triisooctyl trimellitate (TIOTM), Tributyl phosphate (TBP) as well as epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) or epoxidized linseed oil (ELO).Suitable mould release auxiliaries are, for example, silicones, soaps and waxes, such as montan waxes, for example.The additive according to the invention, which can be present as a powder, liquid, oil, compacted, on a carrier material, as granules, solution or flakes, is preferably mixed with the polymer to be stabilized, the polymer matrix is transferred to the melt and then cooled. Alternatively, it is also possible to introduce the additive into a polymer melt in a molten state.Furthermore, the additive compositions according to the invention can be produced and introduced in the form of masterbatches or concentrates which comprise, for example, 10-90% of the compositions according to the invention in a polymer or a polymer recycle.In a further preferred embodiment, the compositions comprise secondary antioxidants, in particular phosphites / phosphonites, sulfites, acid scavengers, costabilizers based on polyols and / or light stabilizers from the group of hindered amines (HALS).The present invention also relates to a stabilized polymer composition which comprises or consists of a polymer stabilizer present in the preceding or a stabilizer composition described in the preceding and at least one polymer.The at least one polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of: a) polymers of olefins or diolefins such as, for example, polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, VLDPE, ULDPE, MDPE, HDPE, UHMWPE), metallocene PE (m-PE), polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, such as, for example, also natural rubber (NR), polycyclooctene, polyalkylene-carbon monoxide copolymers, and copolymers in the form of random or block structures such as, for example, polypropylene-polyethylene (EP), EPM or EPDM with, for example, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene as comonomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-acrylic ester, such as, for example, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid and salts (ionomers), and terpolymers such as, for example, ethylene-acrylic acid glycidyl (meth)acrylate, graft polymers such as, for example, polypropylene-graft maleic anhydride, polypropylene-graft acrylic acid, polyethylene-graft acrylic acid, polyethylene-polybutylacrylate-graft maleic anhydride, and blends such as, for example, LDPE / LLDPE, or else long-chain-branched polypropylene copolymers which are prepared with alpha-olefins as comonomers, such as, for example, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or 1-octadecene, b) polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, poly-alpha-methylstyrene, polyvinylnaphthalene, polyvinylbiphenyl, polyvinyltoluene, Styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene, styrene-isoprene, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene-acrylonitrile acrylate (ASA), styrene-ethylene, styrene-maleic anhydride polymers include corresponding graft copolymers such as styrene on butadiene, maleic anhydride on SBS or SEBS, and graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene and ABS (MABS), and hydrogenated polystyrene derivatives such as polyvinylcyclohexane, for example, c) halogen-containing polymers such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polychloroprene and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride or of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, epichlorohydrin homo and copolymers, in particular with ethylene oxide (ECO), d) polymers of unsaturated esters such as, for example, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl acrylate, polylauryl acrylate, polystearyl acrylate, polyglycidyl acrylate, polyglycidyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamides, copolymers such as, for example, polyacrylonitrile polyalkyl acrylate, e) polymers of unsaturated alcohols and derivatives such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate, Polyallylmelamine, f) polyacetals, such as, for example, polyoxymethylene (POM) or copolymers with, for example, butanal, g) polyphenylene oxides and blends with polystyrene or polyamides, h) polymers of cyclic ethers, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, i) polyurethanes, of hydroxyl-terminated polyethers or polyesters and aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates, such as, for example, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, especially also linear polyurethanes (TPU), polyureas, j) polyamides, such as, for example, polyamide-6, 6.6, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12, 10.10, 10.12, 12.12, polyamide 11, Polyamide 12 and (partly) aromatic polyamides, such as polyphthalamides, for example produced from terephthalic acid and / or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamines, such as hexamethylenediamine or m-xylylenediamine, or from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or sebacic acid, and aromatic diamines, such as 1,4- or 1,3-diaminobenzene, blends of different polyamides, such as PA-6 and PA 6.6, or blends of polyamides and polyolefins, such as PA / PP, k), polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, poly(ether) ketones, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polybenzimidazoles, and the like, Polyhydantoins, I) polyesters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diols or of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PTI), polyethylene naphthylate (PEN), poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoate, polyhydroxynaphthalate, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyethylene succinate, polytetramethylene succinate, polycaprolactone, m) polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, and blends, such as PC / ABS, PC / PBT, PC / PET / PBT, PC / PA, n), cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, for example, o) epoxy resins consisting of di- or polyfunctional epoxy compounds in combination with, for example, curing agents based on amines, anhydrides, dicyandiamide, mercaptans, isocyanates or catalytically active curing agents, p) phenolic resins, such as, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, q) unsaturated polyester resins made from unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and diols with vinyl compounds, for example styrene, alkyd resins, r) silicones, for example terminated on the basis of dimethylsiloxanes, methylphenylsiloxanes or diphenylsiloxanes, for example vinyl groups, s) and mixtures, combinations or blends of two or more of the aforementioned polymers.If the polymers indicated under a) to r) are copolymers, these may be present in the form of random ("random"), block or "tapered" structures. Furthermore, the polymers mentioned can be present in the form of linear, branched, star-shaped or hyperbranched structures.If the polymers indicated under a) to r) are stereoregular polymers, these can be present in the form of isotactic, stereotaxic, but also atactic forms or as stereoblock copolymers.Optionally, the polyolefins mentioned under a) can also be present in crosslinked form, for example crosslinked polyethylene, which is then referred to as X-PE.The present compounds can furthermore be used for stabilizing rubbers and elastomers. These may be natural rubber (NR) or synthetic rubbers.Suitable synthetic rubber materials consist in particular of butadiene (BR), styrene-butadiene (SBR), chloroprene (CR), isoprene (IR), isobutylene-isoprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR or in hydrogenated form HNBR). Other suitable rubbers and elastomers are ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) and ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM), polyester-urethanes (AU, polyether-urethanes (EU) and silicones (MQ).In addition to virgin material, the plastics can be recycled plastics, for example from industrial collections such as production waste, or plastics from domestic or valuable material collections.Furthermore, particular preference is given to polymers made from renewable raw materials such as, for example, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyhydroxyvaleric acid (PHV), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene succinate coadipate (PBSA), polyethylene succinate, polytetramethylene succinate.Furthermore, the polymers indicated under a) to r) can have both amorphous and (partly) crystalline morphologies.Preferred polymers are thermoplastic polymers, particular preference being given to polymers of olefins or diolefins and polystyrene polymers. A further preferred group of polymers are polyamides and polyesters.In the case where further additives are added to the polymer composition, these may be added to the polymers separately, in the form of liquids, powders, granules or compacted products or together with the polymeric stabilizer of the invention or the stabilizer composition as described above.The incorporation of the above-described polymeric stabilizer or stabilizer composition and, if appropriate, of the additional additives into the polymer is effected by customary processing methods, preferably by mixers, kneaders or extruders. Preferred processing machines are extruders, such as, for example, single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, planetary roller extruders, ring extruders, co-kneaders, which are preferably equipped with vacuum degassing. The processing can be carried out under air or, if appropriate, under inert gas conditions.The plastic compositions containing the polymeric stabilizers or the stabilizer composition can be processed by customary plastic processing methods in continuous and discontinuous processes, such as, for example, by extrusion, calendering, blow molding, pultrusion, injection molding, pressing, transfer molding, blow molding, rotomolding, deep drawing, sintering, foaming, or else by additive manufacturing processes for producing granules, moldings, semifinished products, fibers and films.Suitable extruders are piston extruders and screw extruders, single screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, multi-screw extruders, planetary roller extruders, especially for the production of plastic granules, pipes, rods, hoses, profiles, casings, plates, films, V-belts, toothed belts, seals, foam plates (XPS), fibers and filaments for additive manufacturing processes.Suitable injection molding machines can be designed hydraulically or electromechanically and comprise multicomponent injection molding and in-mold processes. Moldings produced by injection molding are, for example, bottles, containers, screw boxes, boxes, barrels, buckets, pallets, technical parts for car and transport, such as bumpers, cladding parts, handles, headlight covers, fittings and functional parts, electrical and electronic applications, such as housing parts and accessories of televisions, computers, mobile telephones, washing machines, dishwashers, coffee machines, drilling machines, plug connections, storage media, household, recreational and sports items, such as, for example, flower plugs, clothes hangers, playing pieces, model construction, components for furniture, such as, for example, clamps and clips,Parts produced by blow molding are, in particular, hollow bodies such as bottles, fuel tanks, canisters, wash water tanks and equalizing tanks.Parts produced by rotary molding are, in particular, tanks such as heating oil and rainwater tanks, housings for machines, transport containers, recreational and water sports such as kajaks.In particular, films such as decorative films, wall coverings and floor coverings are produced by calendering.Additive manufacturing methods include, for example, binder jetting (BJ), laser sintering (LS), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), fused deposition modeling (FDM), fused filament fabrication (FFF), multi-jet modelling (MJM), poly-jet modelling (PJM), layer-deposited manufacturing (LLM), thermal transfer sintering (TIS), digital light processing (DLP), photopolymer jetting (PJ) and stereo lithography (SL).Exemplary moldings which can be produced from the polymer composition of the invention are films or films, foams, fibers, cables and pipes, profiles, hollow bodies, tapes, membranes, such as geomembranes, or adhesives which are produced by extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, calendering, pressing processes, spinning processes, rotomolding, for example for packaging, for example for machine parts, detergents, cosmetics, adhesives in the form of films, bottles, bags, screw cans, storage and transport containers, such as boxes, boxes, barrels, buckets, pallets, automobiles, railroads, aircrafts, ships and shipping containers, such as bumpers, for example, The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a water-transport device, a method for manufacturing a road, a method for manufacturing a road, a method for manufacturing a road, a method for manufacturing a floor, a method for manufacturing a floor, a method for manufacturing a road, a fitting and a function, a cushion, construction applications such as profiles, construction foils, cable conduits, house channels, house coverings, drilling machines, noise walls, drainage channels, storage media, cable insulations, pipes for example for water, gas, waste water, irrigation; Drainage pipes, hygiene articles such as diapers, furniture and textile applications such as curtains and upholstery, work surfaces, household, recreational and sports articles such as balls, tennis rackets, ski, flower plugs, rain barrels, clothes hangers, agricultural applications such as mulch, tunnel or perforated films, plant pots, pharmaceutical and crop protection applications such as for encapsulation of active substances and biologically active substances, in medical technology for production of suture material, dressing material, orthosis and prostheses.The at least one stabilizer or the stabilizer composition is preferably present in the stabilized polymer composition at 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight.The present invention further relates to the preparation of a stabilizer according to the invention as described above, in which at least one monomer of the general formula IV where R 1, R 2, R 3, A, X and R 6 are as defined above and one of the radicals R 7 is a radical R 6 and the further radical R 7 is hydrogen, is polymerized by free radical means.In the case where exclusively monomers of the formula IV are used, in particular only one type of monomer according to IV, a homopolymer is formed. Copolymers are likewise possible, in which case the radical polymerization is carried out in the presence of at least one further radical-polymerizable monomer which preferably has a structure of the general formula V: where X, R 6, R 7 and b have the abovementioned meaning.The present invention further relates to a process for stabilizing a polymer, in particular against thermal, actinic or oxidative degradation, by incorporating at least one polymeric stabilizer according to the invention after a polymeric stabilizer composition according to the invention.The present invention also relates to the use of a polymeric stabilizer according to a stabilizer composition according to the invention for stabilizing polymers, in particular against thermal, actinic or oxidative degradation.The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments, without limiting the present invention to the specific embodiments illustrated.Stabilizers for thermoplastic halogen-free plastics recyclates, in particular polyolefin recyclates, in the form of injection-molded parts, films or films, foams, fibers, cables and pipes, profiles, hollow bodies, tapes, membranes, such as, for example, geomembranes, or adhesives which are produced via extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, calendering, pressing processes, spinning processes, rotomolding, for example for the electrical and electronics industry, construction industry, transport industry (car, aircraft, ship, web), for medical applications, for domestic and electrical appliances, vehicle parts, consumer articles, packaging, furniture, textiles.The acrylates, methacrylates and styrene derivatives of C5-alditols arabitol, xylitol or ribitol or of C7-alditol volemitol are preferred, in particular the following structure: The monomer units shown are randomly arranged in the polymer chain.Further preferred are copolymers of structure (A). These are prepared by copolymerization of the protected acetalized monomers with monomers capable of polymerization therewith which contain at least one group capable of polymerization. Suitable comonomers are in particular based on acrylates, methacrylates or styrene derivatives, such as, for example, methyl acrylates, ethyl acrylates, propyl acrylates, butyl acrylates, hexyl acrylates, lauryl acrylates, stearyl acrylates, benzyl acrylates, phenyl acrylates or the corresponding methacrylates, acrylamide, methacrylamide, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene.In the preparation of the polymeric stabilizers according to the invention, protecting groups can also be used to block free OH groups of the alditols or cyclitols. Preferred protecting groups are acetals, in particular isopropylidene, obtainable by acetalization with acetone. Further suitable protecting groups are, for example, isobutylidene, 2-methyl-4-pentylidene or cyclohexylidene. The protective groups are removed, for example, under acidic conditions, for example in the presence of HCl.Preferred free radical polymerization method is free radical polymerization. Controlled free-radical polymerization is likewise possibleExemplary Embodiments:a) SynthesesDiacetone xylitolA mixture of 10.0 g of crystalline xylitol (65.7 mmol, 1.00 eq), 200 ml of acetone (2.70 mol, 4.11 eq), 20.0 g of anhydrous copper sulfate and 0.2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The copper sulfate was separated by filtration and the filtrate was stirred for one hour with 10.0 g of powdered calcium hydroxide to neutralize the acid. The solid was filtered off with the filter aid Celite ® Hyflo Super Cel and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The oily crude product is purified by means of vacuum distillation (oil bath temperature: 210° C., top temperature: 150-160° C.) so that 10.8 g of racemic diacetone xylitol (46.2 mmol, 70%) are obtained as a colourless oil.Diacetone xylitol methacrylateA mixture of 3.76 g rac-diacetone xylitol (16.2 mmol, 1.0 eq), 1.37 ml methacrylic acid (16.2 mmol, 1.0 eq), 0.40 g 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (3.20 mmol, 0.20 eq), 5.16 g dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (25.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) and a spatula tip of hydroquinone (stabilizer) were stirred in 40 ml chloroform overnight. The crude product is present as a yellowish oil. The approximate composition of the crude product was determined by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy (70 w % rac-diacetonexylitol methacrylate, 5 w % polyethersulfone, 25 w % polycarbodiimide). For 4.43 g of crude product, the product corresponds to 3.11 (10.4 mmol) and a yield of 64%.Poly(xylitol-1-monomethacrylate)4.13 g rac-diacetonexylitol methacrylate crude product (rac-diacetonexylitol methacrylate 2.89 g, 9.63 mmol, 1.00 eq; purified via a basic aluminum oxide column before use), 40.0 mg of AIBN (0.24 mmol, 2.6 mol %) and 30 ml of toluene were introduced into a 100 ml Schlenk flask. The solution was degassed by 3 consecutive freeze-pump-thaw cycles and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 70° C. overnight. The solution was then cooled to room temperature. The quenched reaction mixture was concentrated and the polymer precipitated in cold MeOH. 1.36 g of poly(rac-diacetonexylitol methacrylate) were obtained as a colourless solid. The protected polymer was added to 5 mL of methanol acidified with HCl (pH = 1) and stirred at 70°C for 3 hours. The solution was then cooled. The polar polymer was precipitated in tetrahydrofuran, washed several times with tetrahydrofuran and dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. to give 1.00 g of poly(rac-xylitol-1-monomethacrylate) as a colourless solid.a) Application TestTo test the effect of the stabilizer composition according to the invention, a polypropylene (Moplen HF 501N, manufacturer: Lyondell-Basll) together with the additives indicated in the table was circulated in the melt at 200° C. in a twin-screw micro extruder (MC 15 HT, manufacturer Xplore) in continuous mode at 90 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes. After 10, 20 and 30 minutes, the force absorption is measured in each case in the form of the torque. The force is a measure of the viscosity of the melt and thus of the molecular weight. The higher the remaining force or torque, the less degradation of the polymer.Comparative Example 10.13 w% FeCl2·4H2O(≙ 350 ppm Fe)50 / 22 / 10Inventive Example 10.13 w% FeCl2·4H2O0.50 w% PXMMA61 / 36 / 21Inventive Example 20.13 w% FeCl2·4H2O0.25 w% PXMMA0.25 w% Irganox 107689 / 84 / 84PXMMA=poly(xylitol-1-monomethacrylate)References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedWO 2019063550

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[0066] W. Pawelec et al., Pol. Degr. Rod. 2012, 97, 948-954

[0066]

Claims

A polymeric stabilizer comprising a polymer chain to which alditols and / or cyclitols are bonded, wherein the polymer chain has been obtained by free-radical polymerization.Polymeric stabilizer according to Claim 1, having a structure of general formula I wherein R 1 is a radical derived from an alditol or cyclitol which is bonded via a carbon atom, wherein the alditol has at least 4 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular that R 2 and R 3 are identical and each represent a methyl group, A is O or NH, X represents a bridging group a is 1 or 0, b is 1 or 0, and P represents the polymer chain.Polymeric stabilizer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the following radicals where c is 2, 3, 4 or 5, or R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH and -OR 5, where R 5 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular is methyl, with the proviso that of all radicals R 4 at least 3 radicals R 4 are not hydrogen.The polymeric stabilizer according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the following radicals: Polymeric stabilizer according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that b is 1 and X is the following group: Polymeric stabilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer chain has a repeating unit of the general formula II where R 1, R 2, R 3, X, a and b have the meaning given in Claim 2 and R 6 is identical or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, in particular methyl and aromatic radicals, in particular phenyl or alpha-methylphenyl.Polymeric stabilizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric stabilizer is a homopolymer and is formed in particular from repeating units of the formula II.Polymeric stabilizer according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymeric stabilizer is a copolymer and comprises, in addition to the repeating unit of the general formula II, at least one further repeating unit obtained by free-radical polymerization, the at least one further repeating unit obtained by free-radical polymerization preferably having the following structure of the general formula III: where X, R 6 and b have the meaning given above.Polymeric stabilizer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the molar ratio of the total of the repeating units of general formula II to the total of the total of all the repeating units of general formula II and general formula III is from 0.01 to 99.9, preferably from 0.05 to 0.95.A polymeric stabilizer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in formula I or II R is 2 and R is 3 each methyl, A is oxygen, X is -C(=O)-, and a and b are each 1.Stabilizer composition comprising or consisting of at least one polymeric stabilizer according to one of the preceding claims and at least one additive which differs from the polymeric stabilizer and is selected from the group consisting of primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, UV absorbers, the light stabilizers, in particular the hindered amines as light stabilizers (HALS) and long-term heat stabilizers (HAS), the metal deactivators, the filler deactivators, the antiozonants, nucleating agents, antinucleating agents, transparency improvers (Clarifier), impact strength improvers, plasticizers, lubricants, rheology or viscosity modifiers, thixotropic agents, chain extenders, processing aids, mould release auxiliaries, flame retardants, pigments, dyes, optical brighteners, antimicrobial active ingredients, antistatic agents, slip agents, antiblocking agents, coupling agents, Crosslinking agents, anti-crosslinking agents, hydrophilising agents, hydrophobicising agents, surface modifiers, hydrolysis stabilisers, adhesion promoters, dispersing agents, compatibilizers, oxygen scavengers, acid scavengers, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde scavengers, blowing agents, degradation additives (prodegradants), defoaming aids, odour scavengers and odour enhancing substances, PVC heat stabilisers, marking agents, antifogging agents, gloss improvers, matting agents, additives for increasing the electrical and / or thermal conductivity, repellents, fillers and reinforcing agents and mixtures thereof.Stabilizer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the weight ratio of the total of the at least one stabilizer to the total stabilizer composition is from 0.01 to 0.99, preferably from 0.2 to 0.80.Stabilized polymer composition comprising at least one polymeric stabilizer according to one of Claims 1 to 9 or a stabilizer composition according to one of the two preceding claims, and at least one polymer.Stabilized polymer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one polymer is selected from the group consisting of a) polymers of olefins or diolefins such as polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, VLDPE, ULDPE, MDPE, HDPE, UHMWPE), metallocene PE (m-PE), polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, such as also natural rubber (NR), polycyclooctene, polyalkylene-carbon monoxide copolymers, and copolymers in the form of random or block structures such as polypropylene-polyethylene (EP), EPM or EPDM with, for example, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene as comonomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), Ethylene-acrylic esters, such as, for example, ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid and salts thereof (ionomers), and terpolymers, such as, for example, ethylene-acrylic acid glycidyl (meth)acrylate, graft polymers, such as, for example, polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride, polypropylene-graft-acrylic acid, polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid, polyethylene-polybutylacrylate-graft-maleic anhydride, and blends, such as, for example, LDPE / LLDPE, or else long-chain-branched polypropylene copolymers which are prepared with alpha-olefins as comonomers, such as, for example, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or 1-octadecene, b) polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, poly-alpha-methylstyrene, polyvinylnaphthalene, polyvinylbiphenyl, polyvinyltoluene, and the like, Styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene, styrene-isoprene, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene-acrylonitrile acrylate (ASA), styrene-ethylene, styrene-maleic anhydride polymers include corresponding graft copolymers such as styrene on butadiene, maleic anhydride on SBS or SEBS, and graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene and ABS (MABS), and hydrogenated polystyrene derivatives such as polyvinylcyclohexane, for example, c) halogen-containing polymers such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polychloroprene and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride or of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, epichlorohydrin homo and copolymers, in particular with ethylene oxide (ECO), d) polymers of unsaturated esters such as, for example, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl acrylate, polylauryl acrylate, polystearyl acrylate, polyglycidyl acrylate, polyglycidyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamides, copolymers such as, for example, polyacrylonitrile polyalkyl acrylate, e) polymers of unsaturated alcohols and derivatives such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate, Polyallylmelamine, f) polyacetals, such as, for example, polyoxymethylene (POM) or copolymers with, for example, butanal, g) polyphenylene oxides and blends with polystyrene or polyamides, h) polymers of cyclic ethers, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, i) polyurethanes, of hydroxyl-terminated polyethers or polyesters and aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates, such as, for example, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, especially also linear polyurethanes (TPU), polyureas, j) polyamides, such as, for example, polyamide-6, 6.6, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12, 10.10, 10.12, 12.12, polyamide 11, Polyamide 12 and (partly) aromatic polyamides, such as polyphthalamides, for example produced from terephthalic acid and / or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamines, such as hexamethylenediamine or m-xylylenediamine, or from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or sebacic acid, and aromatic diamines, such as 1,4-diaminobenzene or 1,3-diaminobenzene, blends of different polyamides, such as PA-6 and PA 6.6, or blends of polyamides and polyolefins, such as PA / PP, k), polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, poly(ether) ketones, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polybenzimidazoles, and the like, Polyhydantoins, I) polyesters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diols or of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PTI), polyethylene naphthylate (PEN), poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoate, polyhydroxynaphthalate, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyethylene succinate, polytetramethylene succinate, polycaprolactone, m) polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, and blends, such as, for example, PC / ABS, PC / PBT, PC / PET / PBT, PC / PA, n) cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, and the like, o) epoxy resins consisting of di- or polyfunctional epoxy compounds in combination with, for example, curing agents based on amines, anhydrides, dicyandiamide, mercaptans, isocyanates or catalytically active curing agents, p) phenolic resins, such as, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, q) unsaturated polyester resins made from unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and diols with vinyl compounds, for example styrene, alkyd resins, r) silicones, for example terminated on the basis of dimethylsiloxanes, methylphenylsiloxanes or diphenylsiloxanes, for example vinyl groups, s) and mixtures, combinations or blends of two or more of the aforementioned polymers.Stabilized polymer composition according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one polymeric stabilizer or the stabilizer composition is present in the stabilized polymer composition at 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by weight.Process for preparing a polymeric stabilizer according to any of Claims 1 to 9, in which at least one monomer of the general formula IV where R 1, R 2, R 3, A, X and R 6 are as defined above and one of the radicals R 7 is a radical R 6 and the further radical R 7 is hydrogen, is polymerized by free radical means.Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the radical polymerization is carried out in the presence of at least one further radical-polymerizable monomer, which preferably has a structure according to general formula V: where X, R 6, R 7 and b have the above meaning.A process for stabilizing a polymer, in particular against thermal, actinic or oxidative degradation, by incorporating at least one polymeric stabilizer according to any of claims 1 to 10 or a stabilizer composition according to any of claims 11 and 12 into the polymer.Use of a polymeric stabilizer according to any of Claims 1 to 10 or of a stabilizer composition according to any of Claims 11 and 12 for stabilizing polymers, in particular against thermal, actinic or oxidative degradation.