FILM OR FOIL, LAMINATE AND PROJECTION SCREEN

Abstract

A film or foil comprising a fluorinated resin, a light scattering agent and a light absorbing agent, characterized in that the light scattering agent is at least a light scattering agent selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide-containing pigment, a zinc oxide-containing pigment and a cerium oxide-containing pigment, and whose content is from 0.01 to 0.175 g / m² 2 is, and the light absorber is at least a light absorber selected from the group consisting of carbon black, a black aluminum interference pigment, black iron oxide and titanium black, and whose content is from 0.0005 to 0.035 g / m³ 2 amounts, wherein the titanium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of titanium oxide particles is coated with at least one of coating materials selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, talc, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite, phosphate glass, a low melting point glass based on silicon oxide and magnesium oxide, wherein the zinc oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of zinc oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the cerium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of cerium oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the mass ratio of the light scattering agent to the light absorbing agent, represented by light scattering agent / light absorbing agent, is from 2 to 100, wherein the fluorine resin is a fluorine resin selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)-perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and where the film or foil has a thickness of 25 to 2000 µm.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a film or foil, a laminate and a projection screen. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] As a projection screen for displaying an image projected by a projector, a reflection type in which the image from the projector is projected from the viewer side (front) or a transmission type in which the image from the projector is projected from the side (rear) opposite to the viewer side is known.

[0003] With a conventional projection screen, the viewer was generally unable to see the other side of the screen when the image was not projected. For example, in a transmission-type projection screen, irregularities are usually provided on the surface to display an image by scattering light projected from the back. Although the light from the back was transmitted, the haze was high, making it difficult for the viewer to clearly see the condition of the back.

[0004] In recent years, transparent projection screens have been proposed that allow the other side of the projection screen to be seen when no image is projected. For example, the following (1) to (3) have been proposed as projection screens with improved transparency characteristics while ensuring image visibility. (1) A transmission-type transparent projection screen having a light-diffusing layer on at least one side of a light-transmitting support such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, the light-diffusing layer comprising light-diffusing fine particles made of organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles and a xerogel (a gel in which an internal solvent has been removed by evaporation to have a network structure with voids) (Patent Document 1). (2) A semi-transmission type reflective projection screen, which is a projection screen for reflecting image light projected from an image source to be visible, and comprises unit prism shapes arranged in a plurality in one-dimensional or two-dimensional directions along the projection screen surface, light-absorbing portions formed between the unit prism shapes and containing microspheres for absorbing light, and a reflective transmission layer formed of an aluminum-deposited PET film and formed on at least the back surface side of the unit prism shapes, so that the image light that has passed through the unit prism shapes is reflected and light from the side opposite to the projection side where the image light is projected is transmitted (Patent Document 2). (3) A light-transmitting projection screen including a polarizing laminate comprising a diffusion-type polarizing layer and an absorption-type polarizing layer, wherein transmission axes of both layers are parallel, and wherein the diffusion-type polarizing layer comprises a continuous phase formed of a first transparent thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate and a dispersed phase formed of a second transparent thermoplastic resin such as a polyalkylene naphthalate resin and having a refractive index different from that of the continuous phase (Patent Document 3).

[0005] Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes a rear projection screen with nanometer coatings. PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS PATENT DOCUMENTS Patent Document 1: JP 2013-182141 A Patent Document 2: JP 2006-243693 A Patent Document 3: JP 2014-197163 A Patent Document 4: CN 1 01 364 039 A DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0006] However, according to the present inventors' findings, the projection screens (1) to (3) have a problem in that the bending strength is low. Low bending strength is undesirable in view of the handling efficiency of the projection screens.

[0007] For example, in the transmission-type projection screen of (1), an air layer is introduced around the light-scattering particles by using a xerogel as a binder to maximize the light scattering efficiency. However, due to the presence of air bubbles around the particles, the rigidity is low, and the flexural strength is low.

[0008] In the projection screen of (2), the materials of the unit prism shapes and the light-absorbing portions are different, and therefore, their adhesion at the interface is poor, and when the unit prism shapes and the light-absorbing portions are bent, they are likely to be separated, thereby destroying the structure and affecting the functions.

[0009] In the projection screen of (3), the continuous phase and the dispersed phase in the diffusion-type polarizing layer are not in a completely compatible system, and therefore, the structure is likely to be destroyed upon bending and the functions are impaired.

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a film or sheet and a projection screen which are excellent in visibility of a projected image, transparency properties when an image is not projected, and bending strength. SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM

[0011] The present invention provides a film or sheet, a laminate and a projection screen having the following structure [1] to

[10] . [1] A film or sheet which is a single-layer film or sheet comprising a fluororesin, a light-diffusing agent and a light-absorbing agent, and which is characterized in that the light-scattering agent is at least one light-scattering agent selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide-containing pigment, a zinc oxide-containing pigment and a cerium oxide-containing pigment, and the content of which is from 0.01 to 0.175 g / m 2 is, and the light absorber is at least one light absorber selected from the group consisting of carbon black, a black aluminum interference pigment, black iron oxide and titanium black, and the content of which is from 0.0005 to 0.035 g / m 2 amounts, wherein the titanium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part of the surface or the entire surface of titanium oxide particles is coated with at least one of coating materials selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, talc, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite, phosphate glass, a low melting point silicon oxide-based glass, and magnesium oxide, wherein the zinc oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part of the surface or the entire surface of zinc oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the cerium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of cerium oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the mass ratio of the light scattering agent to the light absorbing agent, represented by light scattering agent / light absorbing agent, is from 2 to 100, wherein the fluororesin is a fluororesin selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)-perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and wherein the film or foil has a thickness of 25 to 2000 µm. [2] The film or sheet according to [1], wherein in each of the titanium oxide-containing pigment, the zinc oxide-containing pigment and the cerium oxide-containing pigment, the coating material is silicon oxide, and in each of the titanium oxide particles, the zinc oxide particles and the cerium oxide particles, the proportion of silicon oxide is from 1 to 99 mass% based on the total amount of the particles and the silicon oxide. [3] Film or sheet according to [1] or [2], which contains the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment as light scattering agents. [4] Film or foil according to [3], wherein the proportion of the titanium oxide-containing pigment in the total amount of the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment is from 30 to 95 mass%. [5] The film or sheet according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the fluororesin is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. [6] A film or sheet according to any one of [1] to [5], which has a total light transmittance of 65 to 80%. [7] A film or sheet according to any one of [1] to [6], which has a haze of 10 to 30%. [8] A laminate comprising at least one layer of the film or sheet defined in any one of [1] to [7] and at least one layer of a single-layer film or sheet containing a fluororesin and a light absorber and containing no light scattering agent, and having a total light transmittance of 65 to 80% and a haze of 10 to 30%. [9] Projection screen comprising the film or transparency defined in any one of [1] to [7].

[10] Projection screen comprising the laminate defined in [8]. ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The film or sheet of the present invention is excellent in visibility of a projected image, transparency properties when an image is not projected, and bending strength.

[0013] The projection screen of the present invention is excellent in visibility of a projected image, transparency properties when an image is not projected, and bending strength. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an example of an image display system incorporating the projection screen of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0014] In this description, the following terms and expressions have the following meanings.

[0015] A "film" is a membrane-like product with a thickness of 500 µm or less, and a "sheet" is a membrane-like product with a thickness of more than 500 µm. A film or sheet may be collectively referred to as "film or the like."

[0016] The “average particle size” is a value measured by a laser light scattering method.

[0017] “Haze” is a value measured according to JIS K7136: 2000.

[0018] The “total light transmittance” is a value measured according to JIS K7375: 2008. [Movie or similar]

[0019] The film or the like of the present invention comprises a fluororesin, a light scattering agent and a light absorbing agent and is a single layer.

[0020] Each of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent is dispersed in the fluororesin.

[0021] The film or the like may further optionally contain component(s) other than the fluororesin, the light-diffusing agent, and the light-absorbing agent within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. For example, although a matrix of a film or the like is usually a fluororesin, the matrix of a film or the like of the present invention may be a mixed resin of a fluororesin and another resin. It is preferable that the matrix of a film or the like of the present invention contains a fluororesin as a main component. The "main component" indicates that the proportion of the fluororesin based on the total amount of the matrix is ​​at least 50 mass%. The proportion of the fluororesin based on the total amount of the matrix is ​​preferably from 80 to 100 mass%. (fluororesin)

[0022] The fluororesin may be a resin that is transparent, and it is preferably a fluororesin whose total light transmittance is at least 80% when the fluororesin is formed into a film or the like made only of the fluororesin having the same thickness as the film or the like.

[0023] According to the invention, the fluororesin is a fluororesin selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as "ETFE"), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)-perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. In view of an excellent balance between mechanical strength and light resistance, ETFE is preferred.In the ETFE, the melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as "MFR") measured under conditions of 297 °C and 49 N according to ASTM D-3159 is preferably from 0.1 to 600 g / 10 min, more preferably from 0.1 to 100 g / 10 min in view of excellent mechanical strength, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 50 g / 10 min in view of excellent moldability in melt molding.

[0024] As a fluororesin, one type can be used alone or two or more types can be used in combination. (light scattering agent)

[0025] The light scattering agent contained in the film or the like of the present invention is at least one light scattering agent selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide-containing pigment, a zinc oxide-containing pigment and a cerium oxide-containing pigment.

[0026] Since the film or the like contains a light scattering agent, light that has entered the film or the like can be scattered and a projected image can be made visible.

[0027] The film or the like of the present invention preferably contains both a titanium oxide-containing pigment and a zinc oxide-containing pigment.

[0028] Titanium oxide exhibits relatively strong photoactivity and can cause the fluororesin to whiten over time. On the other hand, zinc oxide exhibits weak photoactivity but has poor water resistance, which poses the risk of leaching from the film with water, etc.

[0029] Furthermore, zinc oxide has a UV-absorbing property, while titanium oxide has no UV-absorbing property.

[0030] When a titanium oxide-containing pigment and a zinc oxide-containing pigment are used in combination, the photoactivity of the titanium oxide pigment is suppressed due to the UV-absorbing property of the zinc oxide pigment, thereby suppressing whitening of the fluororesin. Furthermore, the titanium oxide-containing particles are superior to the zinc oxide-containing pigment in terms of water resistance, and the light scattering effect is also strong, thus maintaining the light scattering effect to a certain extent even if elution of the zinc oxide-containing pigment is caused.

[0031] In the case of using the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment in a combination, the proportion of the titanium oxide-containing pigment to the total amount of the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment is preferably from 30 to 95 mass%, more preferably from 40 to 90 mass%.

[0032] In view of better weather resistance, the titanium oxide-containing pigment according to the invention is a composite (hereinafter also referred to as “composite (T)”) in which a part of the surface or the entire surface of titanium oxide particles is coated with at least one of coating materials selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, talc, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite, phosphate glass, a silica-based low melting point glass and magnesium oxide.

[0033] In view of better weather resistance, the zinc oxide-containing pigment according to the invention is a composite (hereinafter also referred to as “composite (Z)”) in which a part of the surface or the entire surface of zinc oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials.

[0034] In view of better weather resistance, the cerium oxide-containing pigment according to the invention is a composite (hereinafter also referred to as “composite (C)”) in which a part of the surface or the entire surface of cerium oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials.

[0035] Silicon oxide is particularly preferred as a coating material.

[0036] These composite materials (T), (Z) and (C) may each contain another layer (e.g., an aluminum oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, or the like) between the coating by the coating material and the particles.

[0037] When the coating material in each of the composite (T), the composite (Z), and the composite (C) is silicon oxide, the proportion of silicon oxide (hereinafter referred to as "SiO2 coating amount") relative to the total amount of the particles and silicon oxide in each of the titanium oxide particles, the zinc oxide particles, and the cerium oxide particles is preferably from 1 to 99 mass%, more preferably from 1 to 85 mass%. When the SiO2 coating amount is at least the lower limit within the above-mentioned range, a sufficient photoinactivation effect can be obtained. When the SiO2 coating amount is at most the upper limit within the above-mentioned range, the light scattering properties of the film are excellent. The above-mentioned preferred range of the SiO2 coating amount is applicable to each of the composite (T), the composite (Z), and the composite (C).

[0038] The method for coating the particles may be, for example, a method of surface-treating the particles with a hydrolytically condensable silane compound or a method of forming a single-layer or multi-layer coating film on the surface of the particles by an inorganic oxide such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, etc.

[0039] Such a coating can be carried out using a known method. For example, as a coating method for silicon oxide, a method using a sol-gel reaction with a tetraalkoxysilane or a method forming the coating from water glass (e.g., JP 11-256133 A) can be mentioned. Otherwise, conventional coating methods can be used.

[0040] The average particle size of the light scattering agent is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 µm, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.1 µm.

[0041] When the average particle size of the light scattering agent is at the same level as or slightly smaller than the wavelength of the light to be scattered, the probability of light being scattered in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the film or the like increases, and the function of scattering incident light without refraction becomes stronger. As a result, distortion of the scene visible on the other side of the film or the like, viewed from the viewer's side, is less likely to be caused, and rapid changes in light intensity are less likely to occur, thereby improving the transparency properties. When the average particle size of the light scattering agent is within the above range, the effect of improving the transparency properties can be sufficiently provided. (light absorber)

[0042] The light absorber contained in the film or the like of the present invention is at least one light absorber selected from the group consisting of carbon black, a black aluminum interference pigment, black iron oxide, and titanium black.

[0043] Each of carbon black, a black aluminum interference pigment, black iron oxide, and titanium black is a black pigment and can absorb light homogeneously across the entire wavelength of light.

[0044] When light enters a film containing a light diffusing agent, the light is reflected many times on the surface of the light diffusing agent and the film, thus generating scattered light. When scattered light is generated by a projected image, the projected image portion looks whitish due to the light propagating in the film, thereby reducing the contrast and reducing the visibility of the image. Even when an image is not projected, if scattered light is generated by external light, the transparency properties are deteriorated. When a light absorber is included, part of the light propagating as scattered light within the film is absorbed, and scattered light is suppressed. Therefore, the visibility of the image or the transparency properties are improved.Furthermore, since external light that has entered the film or the like is absorbed by the light absorbing agent, whitening of the fluororesin can be suppressed to some extent.

[0045] As the carbon black, carbon black having an average particle size of about 3 to 500 nm is usually used, and examples include acetylene black, furnace black, channel black, lamp black, etc. Among them, acetylene black is preferred because its surface area is relatively small and its dispersibility in the fluororesin is excellent.

[0046] The acetylene black can be, for example, Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha or Ace black manufactured by Soltex, Inc.

[0047] A black aluminum interference pigment is an aluminum pigment that exhibits a black color due to light interference. A black aluminum interference pigment is typically composed of aluminum flakes as the base material, which have a semi-reflective structure, a silicon oxide layer and a silver particle layer on the surface, and a silicon oxide protective layer thereon. Such a black aluminum interference pigment is available from Toyo Aluminum KK, etc.

[0048] Black iron oxide is a naturally occurring black iron oxide, also known as magnetite, represented by Fe3O4 or FeO·Fe2O3. Such black iron oxide is available from Ozeki Co., Ltd., etc.

[0049] Titanium black is a titanium-based black pigment and is available from Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd., etc.

[0050] Carbon black is preferred as a light absorbing agent because it can be easily dispersed homogeneously in the fluororesin. (Content of each component)

[0051] In the film or the like of the present invention, the content of the light scattering agent, as a mass per unit area of ​​the film or the like, is from 0.01 to 0.175 g / m 2 , particularly preferably from 0.0175 to 0.11 g / m 2 . When the content of the light-diffusing agent is at least the lower limit within the above-mentioned range, the visibility of a projected image is excellent. When the content of the light-diffusing agent is at most the upper limit within the above-mentioned range, the haze of the film, etc., is low, and the transparency properties when an image is not projected are excellent.

[0052] The content of the light absorber, as mass per unit area of ​​the film or the like, is from 0.0005 to 0.035 g / m 2 , particularly preferably from 0.0035 to 0.035 g / m 2 . When the content of the light absorber is at least the lower limit in the above-mentioned range, the reduction in image contrast due to stray light is sufficiently reduced, and the visibility of the image is excellent. When the content of the light absorber is at most the upper limit in the above-mentioned range, the transparency of the film or the like is high, and the transparency properties when an image is not projected are excellent.

[0053] According to the invention, the mass ratio of the light scattering agent to the light absorbing agent, represented by light scattering agent / light absorbing agent, is from 2 to 100, preferably from 2 to 30, particularly preferably from 2 to 25. When the mass ratio of light scattering agent / light absorbing agent is at least the above-mentioned lower limit, the projection properties are better. When the mass ratio of light scattering agent / light absorbing agent is at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the transparency properties are better.

[0054] The total content of the fluororesin, the light-diffusing agent, and the light-absorbing agent is preferably at least 90 mass%, more preferably at least 95 mass%, based on the total mass of the film or the like. The upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100 mass%. (Thickness)

[0055] The thickness of the film or the like according to the invention is from 25 to 2000 µm, preferably from 50 to 1000 µm, particularly preferably from 150 to 800 µm. When the thickness of the film or the like is at least the lower limit in the above-mentioned range, the projection properties of the film or the like are better. When the thickness of the film or the like is at most the upper limit in the above-mentioned range, the transparency properties of the film or the like are better, and there is a tendency for the film or the like to be easy to manufacture. (turbidity)

[0056] The haze of the film or the like is preferably from 10 to 30%, more preferably from 10 to 20%. When the haze is at least the lower limit within the above-mentioned range, the visibility of a projected image is excellent. When the haze is at most the upper limit within the above-mentioned range, the transparency properties when an image is not projected are excellent.

[0057] The turbidity of the film or the like can be adjusted, for example, by the respective contents of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent. (Total light transmittance)

[0058] The total light transmittance of the film or the like is preferably from 65 to 80%, more preferably from 70 to 80%. When the total light transmittance is at least the lower limit within the above-mentioned range, the transparency properties when an image is not projected are excellent. When the total light transmittance is at most the upper limit within the above-mentioned range, the visibility of a projected image is excellent.

[0059] The total light transmittance of the film or the like can be adjusted, for example, by the respective contents of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent, the thickness of the film or the like. (Method for producing the film or the like)

[0060] The film or the like can be produced by a method known as a method for producing a fluororesin film or the like. For example, the film or the like can be produced by the following methods. (1) A method of melt-kneading a fluororesin, a light-diffusing agent, and a light-absorbing agent to form a resin composition, and molding the resin composition into a film or sheet by a known molding method. (2) A method of melt-kneading a part of a fluororesin, a light-diffusing agent, and a light-absorbing agent to form a masterbatch, then melt-kneading the masterbatch and the remainder of the fluororesin to form a resin composition, and molding the resin composition into a film or sheet by a known molding method. (3) A method of melt-kneading a part of a fluororesin and a light-diffusing agent to form a first masterbatch, melt-kneading a part of the fluororesin and a light-absorbing agent to form a second masterbatch, then melt-kneading the first masterbatch, the second masterbatch and the remainder of the fluororesin and a light-absorbing agent to form a resin composition, and molding the resin composition into a film or sheet by a known molding method.

[0061] In the methods (1) to (3), after kneading at the time of obtaining the resin composition, the obtained resin composition may be granulated and the obtained granules may be molded, or the resin composition may be directly molded without granulating it.

[0062] As a method for producing the film or the like, method (2) or (3) is preferred. The contents of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent in the film or the like are low, and therefore, in method (1), it takes time to uniformly disperse the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent in the fluororesin. In method (2) or (3), the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent are kneaded at relatively high concentrations and then diluted with the fluororesin, making it easy to uniformly disperse the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent in the fluororesin. (Beneficial effects)

[0063] The film or the like of the present invention is excellent in visibility of a projected image, transparency properties when an image is not projected, and bending strength.

[0064] In particular, the content of each of the light-diffusing agent and the light-absorbing agent is kept above the lower limit, thereby keeping haze low and transparency (total light transmittance) high. Therefore, the transparency properties are excellent, and the other side of the film or the like is visible through the film or the like when an image is not projected. Furthermore, since the light-diffusing agent is included together with the light-diffusing agent, stray light is suppressed.

[0065] Furthermore, the film or the like of the present invention is also excellent in weather resistance because it contains a fluororesin and a light absorber. Therefore, even when the film or the like is used outdoors as a projection screen, it is possible to prevent deterioration in performance over a long period of time.

[0066] Furthermore, in the transmission-type projection screen (1) mentioned in the prior art, a xerogel is used as a binder, and air bubbles are present around the particles, making it impossible to provide the required strength as a projection screen by the light-diffusing layer alone. A light-transmitting support such as a polyethylene terephthalate film is required for reinforcement. In contrast, in the film or the like of the present invention, no air layer is formed around the light-diffusing agent and the light-absorbing agent, and the film or the like has sufficient strength even in a single layer. [Laminate]

[0067] The laminate according to the invention comprises at least one layer of the above-described film or the like and at least one layer of another film or the like.

[0068] Another film or the like to be laminated with the film or the like of the present invention is a film or the like (hereinafter also referred to as “film or the like (X)”) containing a fluororesin and a light absorber and not containing a light scattering agent.

[0069] Another film or the like that can be laminated with the above-described film or the like is described as a film or the like (hereinafter also referred to as “film or the like (Y)”) containing a fluororesin and neither a light scattering agent nor a light absorbing agent.

[0070] The light absorber or the light scattering agent in such a film or the like (X) or (Y) may be of the same type as the above-described light absorber or the above-described light scattering agent in the film or the like in the present invention, or it may be of a different type, but it is preferably of the same type as the above-described light absorber or the above-described light scattering agent.

[0071] By laminating the film or the like of the present invention with a film or the like (X) or a film or the like (Y), the strength of the projection screen can be increased. Particularly, in the case of a film or the like (X) containing a light absorber, the penetration of incident light into the film or the like of the present invention laminated on the side of the film or the like (X) opposite the incident side of light such as sunlight can be prevented, thereby improving weather resistance.

[0072] The total light transmittance of the laminate according to the invention is from 65 to 80% and the haze of the laminate according to the invention is from 10 to 30%.

[0073] Exemplary and preferred embodiments of the light absorber in the film or the like (X) are each identical to those in the film or the like of the present invention. The content of the light absorber in the film or the like (X) is preferably from 0.0005 to 0.035 g / m 2 , and the more preferable range is identical to that in the film or the like of the present invention. The content of the light-scattering agent in the film or the like (Y) is also identical to that in the film or the like of the present invention.

[0074] Exemplary and preferred embodiments of the fluororesin in the film or the like (X) or the film or the like (Y) are each identical to those in the film or the like of the present invention. The fluororesin in each of the film or the like (X) or the film or the like (Y) may be identical to or different from the fluororesin in the film or the like of the present invention, and they are preferably identical in view of excellent interlayer adhesion.

[0075] The thickness of the film or the like (X) or the film or the like (Y) is preferably from 50 to 2000 µm, and the more preferred range is identical to that of the film or the like of the present invention. The thickness of the film or the like (X) or the film or the like (Y) may be identical to or different from the thickness of the film or the like of the present invention.

[0076] As a laminate comprising the film or the like of the present invention and another film or the like laminated, a laminate having a two- to five-layer structure comprising one or two layers of the film or the like of the present invention and one or two layers of another film or the like is preferable, and a laminate having a two- or three-layer structure is more preferable. The laminate having a two- or three-layer structure may, for example, be a laminate having any of the following (1) to (6) layer structures. (1) Two-layer structure of a film or the like of the present invention / a film or the like (X). (2) Three-layer structure of a film or the like of the present invention / a film or the like (X) / a film or the like of the present invention. (3) Three-layer structure of a film or the like (X) / a film or the like of the present invention / a film or the like (X). (4) Two-layer structure of a film or the like described above / a film or the like (Y). (5) Three-layer structure of a film or the like described above / a film or the like (Y) / a film or the like described above. (6) Three-layer structure of a film or the like (Y) / a film or the like described above / a film or the like (Y).

[0077] Of the above, the three-layer structures of (2), (3), (5) and (6) are preferred, and the three-layer structures of (2) and (3) are particularly preferred. [Projection screen]

[0078] The projection screen of the present invention comprises the above-described film or the like of the present invention or the above-described laminate of the present invention.

[0079] The projection screen of the present invention may be made of the film or the like or the laminate of the present invention, or may further comprise another member in addition to the film or the like or the laminate of the present invention.

[0080] An example of the projection screen comprising the film or the like of the present invention and another member may be a plate-like projection screen having a structure in which the edge portion of the film or the like or the laminate of the present invention is supported by a frame.

[0081] The projection screen of the present invention can, for example, be installed alone at an optional outdoor or indoor location, or it can form a building with a film structure. A building with a film structure is a building that has at least a part of a roof, a wall, etc., formed from a film material, and it can be, for example, a sports facility, a greenhouse, a courtyard, etc.

[0082] The Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an example of an image display device with a projection screen of the present invention. The image display device 100 in the Fig. 1 comprises a projection screen 10 and a projector 20.

[0083] The projection screen 10 is a plate-shaped projection screen having a structure in which the edge portion of the film or the like 1 is supported by a frame 9.

[0084] The film or the like 1 is a film or the like of the present invention and is a single-layer film or the like comprising a fluororesin 3, a light scattering agent 5 and a light absorbing agent 7.

[0085] The projector 20 is arranged on the back of the projection screen 10, spaced from the projection screen 10 so that the image is viewed from the front of the projection screen. That is, in this example, the projection screen 10 is used as a transmission-type projection screen for projecting an image from the back of the projection screen.

[0086] Here, the front side of the projection screen 10 is the side of a viewer X for viewing the image projected onto the projection screen 10, and the back side is the side opposite to the viewer X side.

[0087] The projector 20 is a projector for projecting image light L onto the film 1 of the projection screen 10.

[0088] As the projector 20, a known projector can be used and, for example, a CRT (cathode ray tube) projector, a liquid crystal projector, a DLP (digital light processing) projector, an LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon) projector or a GLV (grating light valve) projector can be mentioned.

[0089] In the image display device 100 as shown in the Fig. As shown in Figure 1, when image light L is projected from the projector 20 onto the film 1 of the projection screen 10, the image light L entering the film 1 is scattered by the light scattering means 5 to form an image, which is visibly displayed as an image to the viewer X on the other side of the projector 20. Part of the scattered light is absorbed by the light absorbing means 7, thereby suppressing scattered light.

[0090] When no image light L is projected by the projector 20, the state is visible on the other side of the projection screen 10.

[0091] Here, an example of using the projection screen 10 as a transmission-type projection screen has been shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the projection screen 10 can be used as a reflective projection screen for projecting an image from the front of the projection screen and viewing the image from the front of the projection screen.

[0092] Instead of the film or the like 1 in the projection screen 10, a laminate comprising the film or the like of the present invention and another film or the like laminated may be used. (Applications)

[0093] Applications of the projection screen of the present invention are not particularly limited.

[0094] For example, the following applications can be mentioned as applications in the construction of buildings, etc. • Display images for the interior of a residential space, for commercial purposes (CM) or for education. • Displaying advertisements by a method of projecting them from the interior of a building. • Display of information, advertising, etc., at a car dealership. • Advertising or films in shop windows of buildings, changing the external design features, especially displays at the top of windows. • Use as a glass door of a supermarket building, a retail store building or a public building to display an advertisement, an information announcement, an event, etc. • Displaying growth information, etc., as a structural material in a greenhouse. • Use as a glass wall, whereby a pattern of a wallpaper can be changed. • A back wall, e.g. of a stadium, a studio, etc. • Partitioning a bathroom, e.g. in a hotel.• Use as a privacy projection screen for projecting or not projecting a suitable image or light; particularly in conference rooms, hospitals, banks, restaurants, in public places, where when light is not projected the other side is clearly visible and consequently it is possible to improve safety at the time of protection when a privacy filter is not in use. • Display of letters, characters, images or videos in airports, train stations, hospitals or schools. • Display of information of local areas and places of interest at religious institutions such as temples, shrines, churches, etc. • Room projection in commercial establishments. • Projection mapping. • Display of letters, characters, images, videos in a stadium. • Use to project information in a kitchen or an image for personal use. • Whiteboard.• Use, for example, as a whiteboard or display board in schools or meeting rooms. • Also used in conjunction with a user interface. • Use as thermal insulation for multi-pane glass for refrigerator doors in supermarkets or convenience stores.

[0095] The following applications can be mentioned as applications for table tops, cabinets, etc. • Table top in a restaurant. • Counter in a sushi restaurant. • Reception (work surface) or kitchen counter. • Partition for a table top. • Display case recessed into the floor in a department store. • Fashion store showcase or dressing room. • Vending machine. • Partition in a pachinko shop. • The front panel of a pachinko machine. When pachinko is being played, it is transparent, allowing the game to be played as such. When the machine is idle without a player, an advertisement for the store can be displayed on the front panel.

[0096] The following applications can be mentioned as applications in vehicles.

[0097] In railway vehicles, • Window on the rear of a driver (to prevent reflection of interior lights when driving underground). • Display of information on a side window of a train. • Hanging an advertisement. • Separation sections of a high-speed train. • Window pane of a vehicle with linear motor. • For providing a projection screen function for an electric train window. Visibility can be improved, particularly when used after sunset, for example.

[0098] In motor vehicles, etc., • Display in a shadow section of a windscreen. • Display of information on a lower portion of a windshield for motor vehicles. • Displaying information or an image on an interior partition of a taxi, limousine, etc., or an interior advertisement in a bus (driver's side). • Motor vehicle sun visor. • Displaying images from a TV or DVD as an interior partition in a minivan or sport utility vehicle (SUV). • Method of use as an indicator e.g. of "Caution" on a door glass when a side door is opened. • Mounted on the rear window to display a tail light, a high mount brake light (HMSL), to display rear information, to display destinations of a bus. • Surrounding an instrument. • Projection screen for a door glass.

[0099] An object that uses a scattering function of reflected light or transmitted light can be called an anti-glare glass or an anti-glare mirror.

[0100] Another special application is a cover glass for a traffic light (integration of various signal displays). EXAMPLES

[0101] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following description.

[0102] Of the following Examples 1 to 32, Examples 1 to 19 are examples of the present invention and Examples 20 to 32 are comparative examples.

[0103] The evaluation procedures and materials used in each example are shown below. [Evaluation method](Thickness)

[0104] The thickness (µm) of a film or the like was measured by a contact type micrometer (MDE-50 MJ, manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation). (Total light transmittance)

[0105] The total light transmittance (%) of a film or the like was measured according to JIS K7375: 2008. (turbidity)

[0106] The haze (%) of the film or the like was measured according to JIS K7136: 2000. (Image visibility and transparency properties)

[0107] The ends of a 15 cm × 15 cm film or similar were attached to the top and bottom of a rectangular aluminum frame, which was then placed upright. Then, as described in the Fig.1, a general-purpose projector (EB935W, manufactured by Epson) was set up on the back of the film or the like, and an image was projected from the projector onto the film or the like. The extent to which the projected image was visually recognizable was visually observed from the front of the film or the like, thereby evaluating image visibility by the following standards. Furthermore, when an image is not projected, the extent to which the state (transmitted image) on the back of the film or the like can be visually recognized from the front of the film or the like was visually observed, thereby evaluating transparency characteristics by the following standards. <Beurteilungsstandards für die Bildsichtbarkeit> ⊚ (Excellent): The image was clearly visible and showed excellent color development of the color image. o (Good): The image was visually recognizable, but the color development of the color image was somewhat weak. × (Poor): The image was visually recognizable, but the image was whitish and had poor image visibility. ×× (Unacceptable): No image was visible. <Beurteilungsstandards für die Transparenzeigenschaften> ⊚ (Excellent): The transmitted image was clearly visible. ◯ (Good): The transmitted image was visually recognizable, but slightly clouded. Δ (Acceptable): The transmitted image was visually recognizable, but the turbidity was severe and the image was blurred. × (Poor): No transmitted image was visually detectable. (flexural strength)

[0108] With respect to a film or the like of 15 cm × 15 cm, a bending test was conducted by the following method.

[0109] At room temperature, the film or the like was folded back 180 degrees so that one side of the film or the like was inside, then folded back 180 degrees so that the other side of the film or the like was inside, and returned to the initial state.

[0110] After the bending test, the appearance of the film or the like was visually observed and the bending strength was evaluated with the following standards. <Beurteilungsstandards für die Biegefestigkeit> o (Good): No change was observed in the appearance of the film or the like between before and after the bending test. × (Poor): In the test, a change in the appearance (such as breaking of the diffusion layer) of the film or the like was found. (Weather resistance)

[0111] With respect to a 15 cm × 15 cm film or the like, an accelerated test was conducted using the Eye Super UV tester manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. The operating conditions of the Eye Super UV tester were as follows.

[0112] Irradiation intensity: 100 mW / cm 2 (Wavelength: 300 to 450 nm).

[0113] Operating conditions: A cycle of 12 hours and 20 seconds of irradiation only for 10 hours (black plate temperature: 63°C, relative humidity: 50%) → water spray for 10 seconds → dark condensation for 2 hours (black plate temperature: 30°C, relative humidity: 100%) → water spray for 10 seconds was repeated, and the process was terminated 500 hours after the start of the process. Irradiation was performed perpendicular to one side of the film or the like.

[0114] The change in the appearance of the film or the like between before and after the accelerated test was judged by the following standards to evaluate the weather resistance. <Beurteilungsstandards für die Witterungsbeständigkeit> ◯ (Good): No change in the appearance of the film or the like was observed between before and after the accelerated test. Δ (Acceptable): The film or the like was slightly colored white by the accelerated test. × (Poor): The film or the like was colored white by the accelerated test. (Water resistance)

[0115] With respect to a film or the like of 15 cm × 15 cm, a high temperature and high humidity test was conducted by placing the film or the like under conditions of 85 °C and a relative humidity of 85% for 1000 hours.

[0116] After testing at high temperature and high humidity, the visibility was evaluated using the above method, and from the results, the water resistance was evaluated using the following standards. It is assumed that the reduction in visibility in this evaluation is due to the elution of zinc oxide. <Beurteilungsstandards für die Wasserbeständigkeit> o (Good): No change in the appearance of the film or the like was observed between before and after the high temperature and high humidity test. × (Poor): Image visibility was reduced by the high temperature and high humidity test. [Materials used]

[0117] ETFE-1: Powder obtained by finely pulverizing Fluon (registered trademark) ETFE C-88AXB, manufactured by Asahi Glass Company, Limited, by a mechanical mill and processing the powder to an average particle size of 20 µm.

[0118] ETFE-2: Fluon (registered trademark) ETFE C-55AXP, manufactured by Asahi Glass Company, Limited. Granules.

[0119] Light scattering agent-1: SiO2 coated TiO2 particles, R-960, manufactured by DuPont, average particle size: 0.5 µm, SiO2 coating amount: 5.6 mass% based on the total amount of TiO2 particles and SiO2.

[0120] Light scattering agent-2: SiO2-coated ZnO particles, NANOFINE (registered trademark) 50, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., average particle size: 20 μm, SiO2 coating amount: 63 mass% based on the total amount of ZnO particles and SiO2.

[0121] Light scattering agent-3: SiO2-coated CeO2 particles, CERIGUARD (registered trademark) SC-6832, manufactured by Daito Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., average particle size: 8.5 µm, SiO2 coating amount: 82.9 mass% based on the total amount of CeO2 particles and SiO2.

[0122] Light scattering agent-4: TiO2 particles (uncoated), CR-58-2, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., average particle size: 0.3 µm.

[0123] Light scattering agent-5: ZnO particles (uncoated), Finex30 manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., average particle size: 0.035 µm.

[0124] Light scattering agent-6: CeO2 particles (uncoated), CERIGUARD (registered trademark) W-500 manufactured by Daito Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., average particle size: 2.9 µm.

[0125] SiO2 particles: Aerosil (registered trademark) 8200, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average particle size: 21 nm.

[0126] Light absorber-1: Acetylene black, Denka Black (registered trademark), manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, average particle size: 25 nm. [Examples 1 to 15 and 17 to 29]

[0127] ETFE-1 and a light scattering agent or SiO2 particles were dry-blended in a mass ratio of 100:1 and then melt-kneaded using a biaxial extruder (φ: 15 mm, L / D = 45) manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION set at 320 °C to obtain masterbatch granules MB-1.

[0128] Further, ETFE-1 and the light absorber were dry-blended in a mass ratio of 100:0.5 and then melt-kneaded with a biaxial extruder (φ: 15 mm, L / D = 45) manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION set at 320 °C to obtain a masterbatch granule MB-2.

[0129] Then, the granules of ETFE-2, MB-1, and MB-2 were dry-blended in a predetermined ratio and then melt-kneaded with a biaxial extruder (φ: 15 mm, L / D = 45) manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION set at 320 °C to obtain raw material granules.

[0130] Then, a T-die for forming a film with a width of 150 mm was mounted on a single-screw extruder with a diameter of 30 mm (a screw with L / D = 22 and a compression ratio of 3.0 was mounted) and heated to 300 °C. The raw material pellets were introduced into the single-screw extruder and molded while adjusting the extrusion rate and the haul-off speed by means of a constant-speed haul-off device to obtain the thickness shown in Tables 1 to 4. The obtained film or the like was cut into 15 cm × 15 cm for evaluation.

[0131] "φ" indicates the cylinder bore. "L / D" represents a value obtained by dividing the screw length L (m) by the screw diameter D (m). The "compression ratio" is a characteristic value of the screw configuration, which is calculated from the ratio of the groove depth of the screw material feeding section and the screw metering section. A "specified ratio" at the time of producing the raw material granules is a value at which the respective contents (g / m 2 ) of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent in the available film or the like are the amounts shown in Tables 1 to 4. [Example 16]

[0132] The film 16-1 was obtained by performing the same procedure as in Example 1, but the ratio of dry mixing of the granules of ETFE-2, MB-1 and MB-2 was changed.

[0133] Granules of ETFE-2 and MB-2 were dry-blended in a predetermined ratio and melt-kneaded using a biaxial extruder (φ: 15 mm, L / D = 45) manufactured by TECHNOVEL CORPORATION set at 320 °C to produce raw material granules. The raw material granules were molded in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Film 16-2.

[0134] Films 16-1 and 16-2 were cut to 15 cm × 15 cm. Then, the cut films 16-1 and 16-2 were stacked in the order of film 16-1 / film 16-2 / film 16-1 and pressed at 300°C and 25 MPa (gauge pressure) for 5 minutes using a heating-type platen press (mini test press, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho, Ltd.). Then, the laminate was cooled as it was to obtain film 16-3 (a laminated three-layer film).

[0135] Of the obtained three types of films 16-1 to 16-3, a film corresponding to the film of the present invention is 16-1, which is shown as a film in Example 16. [Example 30 to 32]

[0136] In Example 30, a film (transmission projection screen) was obtained according to the method in Example 1 of JP 2013-182141 A. Specifically, on a surface of a transparent PET film having a thickness of 100 μm, a light-scattering layer coating liquid containing silicon oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. was applied and dried to form a light-scattering layer, thereby obtaining a film.

[0137] In Ex. 31, a film was obtained according to the method in Example 1 of JP 2006-243693 A. Specifically, an ionizing radiation-curable resin was applied to a base portion and irradiated with ionizing radiation in a state where it rested on a mold for curing to form unit prism shapes, followed by wiping to fill an ultraviolet-curable resin between the unit prism shapes, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed to cure the same, so that a light-absorbing portion was formed, on which a half-reflector was laminated, thereby obtaining a film. A PET film with a thickness of 100 μm was used as the base portion; SANRAD (registered trademark) B, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., was used as the ionizing radiation-curable resin for the unit prism shapes., was used; as the ultraviolet-curable resin for the light absorption portion, a resin containing 0.01 mass% carbon black RCF #10 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, to which SANRAD C manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. was added, was used; and as the half-reflector, a half-reflector film (product with a reflectivity of 40%) manufactured by Washin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used.

[0138] In Ex. 32, a film (polarizing laminate) was obtained according to the method in Ex. 6 of JP 2014-197163 A. Specifically, 5 parts by mass of a polyethylene naphthalate resin and 95 parts by mass of a polycarbonate resin were melt-kneaded, granulated, and compression-molded to obtain a film having a thickness of 650 μm, which was stretched 3.0 times, and the obtained stretched film and an absorbing polarizing plate were laminated by means of an OCA adhesive film in a state where the transmission axes of the two were parallel, so that a polarizing laminate was obtained.

[0139] The contents (g / m 2) of the light scattering agent and the light absorbing agent in the film or the like obtained in each Example, light scattering agent / light absorbing agent (mass ratio), and the evaluation results of the total light transmittance, haze, image visibility, transparency properties, flexural strength, weather resistance, and water resistance of the film or the like obtained in each Example are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0140] In an example where at least one of the image visibility, transparency properties, and flexural strength results was × or ××, no evaluation of weather resistance and water resistance was performed. [Table 1] e.g. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Thickness of the film or the like (µm) 87,5 437,5 875 1,750 87,5 437,5 875 437,5 437,5 Light scattering agent-2 (g / m 2 ) 0,09625 0,09625 0,09625 0,09625 0,02188 0,02188 0,02188 0,09625 0,02188 Light absorber-1 (g / m 2 ) 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01094 0,01094 0,01094 0,005469 0,005469 Light scattering agents / light absorbers 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 17,6 4 Total light transmittance (%) 65,2 65,2 65,2 65,2 73,3 73,3 73,3 78,7 78,7 Turbidity (%) 29,7 29,7 29,7 29,7 11,9 11,9 11,9 29,7 11,9 Image visibility ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ◯ ◯ ◯ ⊚ ◯ Transparency properties ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ⊚ ⊚ Flexural strength ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Weather resistance ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Water resistance × × × × × × × × × [Table 2] e.g. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16-1 16-2 16-3 Thickness of the film or the like (µm) 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 87,5 262,5 Three-layer laminate of 16-1 / 16-2 / 16-1 Light scattering agent-1 (g / m 2 ) - - - - 0,08370 0,04813 - - Light scattering agent-2 (g / m 2 ) 0,09625 0,04375 0,09625 - - 0,04813 0,04813 - Light scattering agent-3 (g / m 2 ) - - - 0,1059 - - - - Light absorber-1 (g / m 2 ) 0,004375 0,004375 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 Light scattering agents / light absorbers 22 10 5 5,5 4,3 5 2,5 - - Total light transmittance (%) 79,7 79,7 65,2 65,2 65,2 65,0 73,0 84,0 66,0 Turbidity (%) 29,7 17,1 29,7 29,1 29,4 31,0 9,6 14,2 33,4 Image visibility ⊚ ◯ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ◯ ◯ ◯ Transparency properties ⊚ ⊚ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Flexural strength ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ - ◯ Weather resistance ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ ◯ ◯ - ◯ Water resistance × × × × ◯ ◯ × - × [Table 3] e.g. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Thickness of the film or the like (µm) 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 437,5 175 Light scattering agent-2 (g / m 2 ) - - - - 0,09625 0,00875 0,021875 0,035 Light scattering agent-4 (g / m 2 ) 0,09625 - - - - - - - Light scattering agent-5 (g / m 2 ) - 0,09625 - - - - - - Light scattering agent-6 (g / m 2 ) - - 0,1059 - - - - - SiO2 particles (g / m 2 ) - - - 0,1154 - - - - Light absorber-1 (g / m 2 ) 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,01925 0,0004375 0,0004375 0,00004375 0,0000175 Light scattering agents / light absorbers 5 5 5,5 6 220 20 500 2000 Total light transmittance (%) 65,2 65,2 65,2 65,2 84,0 84,0 84,0 84,0 Turbidity (%) 32,7 29,7 29,1 29,8 29,7 8,7 11,9 15,0 Image visibility ◯ ◯ ◯ × × ×× × × Transparency properties ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ Flexural strength ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Weather resistance × × × ◯ - - - - [Table 4] e.g. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Thickness of the film or the like (µm) 437,5 437,5 175 437,5 437,5 Example 1 of JP 2013-182141 A Example 1 of JP 2006-243693 A Example 6 of JP 2014-197163 A Light scattering agent-2 (g / m 2 ) 0,004375 0,1810 0,0000175 0,004375 0,04375 Light absorber-1 (g / m 2 ) 0,01925 0,01925 0,003850 0,04375 0,04375 Light scattering agents / light absorbers 0,23 9,4 0,005 0,10 1 Total light transmittance (%) 65,2 65,2 80,2 41,4 41,4 - - Maximum permeability in the example: 63.4% Turbidity (%) 7,7 50,0 6,6 7,7 17,1 <50 - Minimum turbidity of the transmission axis: 23 Image visibility ×× ◯ ×× ×× ◯ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ Transparency properties ◯ × ⊚ × × ◯ Δ × Flexural strength ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ × × ×

[0141] The film or the like in each of Examples 1 to 19 exhibited excellent image visibility, excellent transparency properties, and excellent flexural strength. In particular, the film or the like in each of Examples 1 to 16, which used a light-diffusing agent in which the entire surface of particles was coated with SiO2, also exhibited excellent weather resistance. The film in Example 15, which used a combination of a titanium oxide-containing pigment and a zinc oxide-containing pigment as the light-diffusing agent, exhibited excellent water resistance compared to the film in Example 1 using only the zinc oxide-containing pigment, and exhibited excellent weather resistance compared to the film in Example 14 using only the titanium oxide pigment.

[0142] The film (16-3), in which the film (16-1) in Example 16 and another film (16-2) were laminated, was also excellent in terms of image visibility, transparency properties and flexural strength.

[0143] On the other hand, the film in Example 20, which used SiO2 particles instead of the light scattering agent, was poor in image visibility, with one image being faint.

[0144] The film in each of Ex. 21, 23 and 24, in which the content of the light absorber is less than 0.0005 g / m 2 was poor in terms of image visibility, with an image becoming whitish and having low contrast.

[0145] In the case of the film in Example 22, where the content of the light absorber is less than 0.0005 g / m 2 and the content of the light scattering agent was less than 0.01 g / m 2 no image was projected on the film.

[0146] In the case of the film in each of Examples 25 and 27, in which the content of the light scattering agent is less than 0.01 g / m 2 no image was projected on the film.

[0147] The film in Example 26, in which the content of a light scattering agent is 0.175 g / m 2 showed poor transparency properties and high turbidity.

[0148] In the case of the film in Example 28, where the content of the light scattering agent is less than 0.01 g / m 2 and the content of the light absorber was 0.035 g / m 2 When the light intensity exceeded , no image was projected onto the film. Furthermore, the film was highly colored, so the overall light transmittance was low, and it had poor transparency properties, meaning that when an image was not projected, no transmission image was visible.

[0149] The film in Example 29, where the light absorber content is 0.035 g / m 2was highly colored, so the overall light transmittance was low, and it had poor transparency properties, meaning that when an image was not projected, no transmission image was visible.

[0150] The film in Example 30 exhibited poor flexural strength, causing the light-scattering layer to break during the flexion test. Furthermore, the image was whitish due to the influence of an air layer, and it did not exhibit good transparency properties.

[0151] The film in Example 31 exhibited poor flexural strength, causing the light-scattering layer to break during the flexion test. Furthermore, when an image was not projected, a transmitted image was visible, but the image was not uniform due to the influence of the prism.

[0152] The film in Example 32 exhibited poor flexural strength, causing the light-scattering layer to break during the flexural test. Furthermore, the dispersed phase was large, and although polarized light was transmitted, the image itself was not necessarily transmitted, resulting in significantly low image visibility. REFERENCE SYMBOL

[0153] 1: Film or the like, 3: Fluororesin, 5: Light diffusing agent, 7: Light absorbing agent, 9: Frame, 10: Projection screen, 20: Projector, 100: Image display device

Claims

[1] A film or sheet which is a single-layer film or sheet comprising a fluororesin, a light-diffusing agent and a light-absorbing agent, and which characterized by is that the light-scattering agent is at least one light-scattering agent selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide-containing pigment, a zinc oxide-containing pigment and a cerium oxide-containing pigment, and the content of which is from 0.01 to 0.175 g / m 2 is, and the light absorber is at least one light absorber selected from the group consisting of carbon black, a black aluminum interference pigment, black iron oxide and titanium black, and the content of which is from 0.0005 to 0.035 g / m 2 amounts, wherein the titanium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part of the surface or the entire surface of titanium oxide particles is coated with at least one of coating materials selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, talc, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite, phosphate glass, a low melting point silicon oxide-based glass, and magnesium oxide, wherein the zinc oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of zinc oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the cerium oxide-containing pigment is a composite in which part or all of the surface of cerium oxide particles is coated with at least one of these coating materials, wherein the mass ratio of the light scattering agent to the light absorbing agent represented by light scattering agent / light absorbing agent is from 2 to 100, wherein the fluororesin is a fluororesin selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)-perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and wherein the film or foil has a thickness of 25 to 2000 µm. [2] The film or sheet according to claim 1, wherein in each of the titanium oxide-containing pigment, the zinc oxide-containing pigment and the cerium oxide-containing pigment, the coating material is silicon oxide, and in each of the titanium oxide particles, the zinc oxide particles and the cerium oxide particles, the proportion of silicon oxide is from 1 to 99 mass% based on the total amount of the particles and the silicon oxide. [3] A film or sheet according to claim 1 or 2, which contains the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment as light scattering agents. [4] The film or sheet according to claim 3, wherein the proportion of the titanium oxide-containing pigment to the total amount of the titanium oxide-containing pigment and the zinc oxide-containing pigment is from 30 to 95 mass%. [5] A film or sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fluororesin is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. [6] A film or sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has a total light transmittance of 65 to 80%. [7] A film or sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which has a haze of 10 to 30%. [8] A laminate comprising at least one layer of the film or sheet defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 and at least one layer of a single-layer film or sheet containing a fluororesin and a light absorber and containing no light scattering agent, and having a total light transmittance of 65 to 80% and a haze of 10 to 30%. [9] A projection screen comprising the film or sheet defined in any one of claims 1 to 7. [10] A projection screen comprising the laminate defined in claim 8.

Images