Detection device and detection method of a non-inductive wire-wound resistor

Abstract

Detection device of a non-inductive wire-wound resistor (5) with a test plate (1), wherein the detection device further comprises: - a carrier (2) with several carrier slots (21) designed to receive a wire winding resistor (5) to be detected, wherein one of the carrier slots (21) is assigned to a wire winding resistor (5) to be detected; - a funding mechanism (3) to fund the carrier (2); - a detection unit arranged on the test plate (1) comprising a detection holder (41), a positioning arrangement (42) for positioning the carrier (2), a pressure arrangement (431) for fixing the wire winding resistor (5) to be detected, and a measuring arrangement (44) configured to detect the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the wire winding resistor (5), to detect the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and to detect the depth of the rectangular vertical slot, wherein the measuring arrangement (44) comprises a lifting rod (441), a distance sensor (442), an image sensor (443), and a lifting rod drive device, wherein the lifting rod (441) is inserted through a through-hole (11) in the test plate (1); wherein the distance sensor (442) is attached to the lifting rod (441);is present wherein the image sensor (443) is present on the lifting rod (441); and wherein the lifting rod drive device is coupled to the lifting rod (441) in a drive manner, and drives the lifting rod (441) to perform the lifting movement.;

Description

Technical area

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of detecting electrical components, and more particularly relates to a detecting device and a detecting method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor. State of the art

[0002] Medium- and high-voltage non-inductive wirewound resistors are widely used in power systems, high-voltage measurement, and high-voltage test fields. To avoid various problems caused by high-frequency oscillation or resistance flashover, these non-inductive wirewound resistors should have the lowest possible inductance and the highest possible withstand voltage. Currently, medium- and high-voltage non-inductive wirewound resistors generally use the non-inductive winding method to reduce inductance. In this winding method, the resistance wires are usually wound directly on the surface of an insulated holder, so the withstand voltage of the resistor is controlled by the distance between the turns (the creepage gap).When the dielectric strength is high, the distance between the turns is large, which causes the residual inductance of the resistor to increase, and at the same time, increasing the distance between the turns causes the resistor volume to increase.

[0003] In order to solve the contradiction between the residual inductance of the non-inductive wire wound resistor and the withstand voltage, a cylindrical non-inductive high-voltage wire wound resistor is known, which has the advantages of high withstand voltage, low residual inductance, light weight and small volume, and is not easy to damage and convenient to assemble.

[0004] The documents CN 1 09 188 161 A, CN 1 04 535 035 A and DE 755 787 A each disclose devices for detecting resistances.

[0005] During the manufacturing process, non-inductive medium- and high-voltage wire-wound resistors require that the rectangular transverse slots of the insulating cylinder and the rectangular vertical slots have the same depth, and the width of the rectangular transverse slots be greater than half the sum of twice the depth of the rectangular transverse slots and the slot spacing. However, current resistance detection devices cannot detect this. Disclosure of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a detection device according to claim 1 and a detection method according to claim 9 of a non-inductive wire wound resistor.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A non-inductive wire wound resistor detection device comprising a test plate, and further: a carrier, the carrier being provided with a plurality of carrier slots used to support the resistor to be detected, and one carrier slot being associated with a resistor to be detected; a conveying mechanism used to convey the carrier; a detection unit provided on the test plate, the detection unit comprising: a recording holder; a positioning assembly used to position the carrier; a pressure assembly used to attach the resistance to be detected; a measuring arrangement used to measure the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistance to be measured, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot.

[0008] The present invention discloses a detection device for a non-inductive wire-wound resistor that has a simple structure and can effectively detect the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot. Problems can be detected and resolved in a timely manner, significantly improving the yield of the final non-inductive wire-wound resistor and reducing the scrap rate of the final product.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, the following improvements can also be made: As a preferred solution, the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying track provided on the test plate, a chute provided on the bottom of the carrier and corresponding to the conveying track, and a carrier driving device drivingly coupled to the carrier, the carrier driving device driving the carrier to move along the conveying track.

[0010] With the preferred solution above, the construction is simple and the costs are low.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the positioning assembly comprises a positioning slot provided on the test plate, a positioning block rotatably connected to the slot wall of the positioning slot, and a positioning block drive device drivingly coupled to the positioning block, wherein the positioning block drive device is used to drive the positioning block for rotation.

[0012] With the above preferred solution, the carrier is positioned accurately without affecting the conveyance of the carrier.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the pressure assembly comprises a pressure rod provided in a guide hole on the top side of the detection holder; a pressure block fixed to the lower end of the pressure rod; a spring slid onto the pressure rod and located between the top side of the detection holder and the pressure block; and a pressure rod drive device drivingly coupled to the pressure rod, the pressure rod drive device driving the pressure rod for reciprocating movement.

[0014] With the above preferred solution, the insulating cylinder of the resistance to be measured is well fixed to prevent the insulating cylinder of the resistance to be measured from moving during the measurement, which leads to measurement errors.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the pressure block is provided with an annular slot matching the top of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected, and one or more grooves are provided on the side wall of the annular slot along its circumferential direction.

[0016] With the above preferred solution, the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected can be effectively fixed, and the grooves provided on the side wall of the annular slot can prevent the negative pressure from being generated inside.

[0017] The measuring arrangement comprises a lifting rod inserted into a through hole of the test plate; a distance sensor provided on the lifting rod; an image sensor provided on the lifting rod; a lifting rod drive device drivingly coupled to the lifting rod, wherein the lifting rod drive device drives the lifting rod for lifting movement.

[0018] The lifting rod drives the distance sensor and the image sensor to move upwards, ensuring multidimensional and diverse data acquisition. The data acquired by the distance sensor and the image sensor can be sent to the controller, and a model analysis is performed by the controller to determine the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be measured, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the top of the detection holder is provided with one or more lighting mechanisms rotatably connected to it.

[0020] With the above preferred solution, the lighting direction and intensity of the lighting mechanism are adjustable to ensure a good lighting effect.

[0021] As a preferred solution, a rotating shaft, an upper rotating disc, and a lower fixing disc are provided in the support slot. The upper rotating disc is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, and the lower fixing disc is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. At the edge positions of the upper rotating disc, a plurality of permanent magnets are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite. At the edge positions of the lower fixing disc, a plurality of electromagnets are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the electromagnets are electrically connected to a polarity adjustment device used to adjust the polarity of the electromagnets.

[0022] With the above preferred solution, the polarity adjustment device adjusts the polarity of the electromagnets so that the upper rotating disc drives the resistance to be measured in the support slot to rotate at a specific angle. This ensures that the measuring assembly can detect the resistance to be measured from different angles, thus increasing the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0023] As a preferred solution, the upper turntable and the lower fixing plate are slidably connected by a tongue and groove structure.

[0024] With the preferred solution above, the upper turntable rotates more stably.

[0025] In the detection method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, a detection is carried out by means of the detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, which comprises the following steps in detail: (1) Inserting the resistor to be detected into the carrier slot of the carrier; (2) conveying the carrier to the detection point by the conveying mechanism; (3) In the detection position, the positioning assembly in the detection unit first positions the carrier, and then the pressing assembly presses the resistor to be detected carried by carrier, and finally the measuring assembly detects the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot distance between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot, the detected value is sent to the control device; (4) After the capture is completed, the conveyor mechanism conveys the carrier away from the capture point.

[0026] The present invention further discloses a detection method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, wherein the steps can be easily and quickly performed to detect the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot. Short description of the characters Fig. 1 is a plan view of a non-inductive wire wound resistor detecting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 shows a side view of a non-inductive wire wound resistor detection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a positioning arrangement provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a printing arrangement and a measuring arrangement provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a carrier provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. Figure 6 shows a plan view of a lower mounting plate provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Description of the embodiments

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] To achieve the object of the present invention, a detection apparatus and a detection method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor are presented in some embodiments.

[0029] The detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor comprises a test plate 1, a carrier 2, a conveying mechanism 3 and a detection unit 4 as shown in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown.

[0030] The carrier 2 is formed with six carrier slots 21 for receiving a resistor to be detected, wherein each of the carrier slots 21 is assigned to a resistor 5 to be detected. The conveyor mechanism 3 is designed to convey the carrier 2. The detection unit 4 is arranged on the test plate 1, wherein the detection unit 4 comprises a detection holder 41, a positioning arrangement 42, a pressure arrangement 43, and a measuring arrangement 44.

[0031] The positioning assembly 42 is used to position the carrier 2. The pressure assembly 43 is used to secure the resistor 5 to be measured. The measuring assembly 44 is provided to measure the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor 5 to be measured, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot.

[0032] In the detection method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, detection is carried out by means of the detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, which comprises the following steps in detail: (1) Inserting a resistor 5 to be detected into the respective carrier slots 21 of the carrier 2; (2) conveying the carrier 2 to the detection point by the conveying mechanism 3; (3) In the detection location, the positioning assembly 42 in the detection unit 4 first positions the support 2, and then the pressure assembly 43 presses the resistor 5 to be detected carried by the support 2, and finally, the measuring assembly 44 detects the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor 5 to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot, and the detected value is sent to the control device; and (4) After completion of the detection, the conveyor mechanism 3 conveys the carrier 2 away from the detection point.

[0033] The present invention discloses a detection device and method for a non-inductive wire-wound resistor. The detection device has a simple structure and the detection method steps are simple, allowing the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot to be effectively detected. Problems can be detected and resolved in a timely manner, significantly improving the yield of the final non-inductive wire-wound resistor and reducing the scrap rate of the final product.

[0034] In order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments, the other technical features are the same, and the distinction is that the conveying mechanism 3 comprises a conveying track (not shown in the figures) provided on the test plate 1, a chute (not shown in the figures) provided at the bottom of the carrier 2 and coinciding with the conveying track, and a carrier driving device (not shown in the figures) drivingly coupled to the carrier 2, the carrier driving device driving the carrier 2 along the conveying track.

[0035] With the preferred solution above, the construction is simple and the costs are low.

[0036] As in the Fig. 3, in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments, the other technical features are the same, and the distinction is that the positioning assembly 42 includes: a positioning slot 421 provided on the test plate 1, a positioning block 422 rotatably connected to the slot wall of the positioning slot 421, and a positioning block driving device (not shown in the figures) drivingly coupled to the positioning block 422, the positioning block driving device being used to drive the positioning block 422 for rotation.

[0037] With the above preferred solution, when the conveying mechanism 3 starts to move, the control device controls the positioning block driving device to move, and then the positioning block 422 originally placed horizontally in the positioning slot 421 is rotated 90 degrees so that the positioning block 422 is in an upright state, so that the carrier 2 is stopped after the carrier collides with the positioning block 422 while moving forward. The positioning assembly 42 accurately positions the carrier 2. After the detection unit 4 completes the detection, the control device controls the positioning block driving device to move, and then the positioning block 422 is placed back in the positioning slot 421, and the carrier 2 continues to move forward without the positioning block 422 affecting the conveyance of the carrier 2.

[0038] As in the Fig. 4, in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments the other technical features are the same, and the difference is that the printing arrangement 43 comprises: a push rod 431 inserted into a guide hole 411 on the top of the detection holder 41; a pressure block 432 attached to the lower end of the pressure rod 431; a spring 433 which is pushed onto the push rod 431 and is located between the top of the detection holder 41 and the pressure block 432; a push rod drive device (not shown in the figures) drivingly coupled to the push rod 431, wherein the push rod drive device drives the push rod 431 for lifting movement.

[0039] With the above preferred solution, the insulating cylinder of the resistance 5 to be detected is well fixed to prevent the insulating cylinder of the resistance 5 to be detected from moving during the measurement, which leads to measurement errors.

[0040] A pressure block 432, a pressure rod 431, and a spring 433 are associated with a resistor 5 to be detected. In some embodiments, six pressure rod drive devices may be provided, with one pressure rod drive device being drivingly coupled to a pressure rod 431. In some other embodiments, one, two, or three pressure rod drive devices may be provided, with one pressure rod drive device being drivingly coupled to multiple pressure rods 431 to reduce energy sources and lower costs.

[0041] More specifically, the pressure block 432 is provided with an annular slot 4321 fitting to the top of the insulating cylinder of the resistor 5 to be detected, and one or more grooves 4322 are provided on the side wall of the annular slot 4321 along its circumferential direction.

[0042] With the above preferred solution, the insulating cylinder of the resistor 5 to be detected can be effectively fixed, and the grooves 4322 provided on the side wall of the annular slot 4321 can prevent the negative pressure from being generated inside.

[0043] As in the Fig. 4, in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments the other technical features are the same, and the distinction is that the measuring arrangement 44 comprises: a lifting rod 441 which is passed through a through hole 11 of the test plate 1; a distance sensor 442 provided on the lifting rod 441; an image sensor 443 provided on the lifting rod 441; a lifting rod drive device (not shown in the figures) which is drivingly coupled to the lifting rod 441, wherein the lifting rod drive device drives the lifting rod 441 for the lifting movement.

[0044] With the above preferred solution, the lifting rod 441 drives the distance sensor 442 and the image sensor 443 to reciprocate, ensuring multidimensional and diverse data acquisition. The data acquired by the distance sensor 442 and the image sensor 443 can be sent to the controller, and a model analysis is performed by the controller to acquire the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the resistor 5 to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot.

[0045] If six resistors 5 to be detected are placed on the carrier 2, in some embodiments the measuring arrangements 44 can be provided in six groups, wherein a group of measuring arrangements 44 is assigned to a resistor 5 to be detected and wherein each group of measuring arrangements 44 has its own code, and wherein the data detected by the distance meter 442 and the image sensor 443 are sent to the control device with the corresponding code of the measuring arrangements 44 integrated, so that the control device can find out in good time which of the resistors 5 to be detected is problematic.

[0046] In some other embodiments, when the measuring assemblies 44 are provided as a group, the group of measuring assemblies 44 is arranged on a movement assembly. The movement assembly can drive the measuring assembly 44 for horizontal movement. At the same time, the measuring assembly 44 further comprises a scanner and a barcode provided next to the carrier slot 21 of the carrier 2. The movement assembly drives the measuring assembly 44 for movement. The scanner first scans the barcode, and then the distance meter 442 and the image sensor 443 acquire the data. The acquired data, along with the barcode value, is sent to the control device so that the control device can determine in a timely manner which of the resistors 5 to be measured is problematic.

[0047] As in the Fig. 4, in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments the other technical features are the same, and the distinction is that the top of the detection holder 41 is provided with one or more illumination mechanisms 6 rotatably connected thereto.

[0048] With the above preferred solution, the illumination direction and intensity of the illumination mechanism 6 are adjustable to ensure a good illumination effect and thus improve the detection accuracy of the detection unit 4.

[0049] As in the Fig. 5 and Fig.6, in order to further optimize the implementation effect of the present invention, in some other embodiments, the other technical features are the same, and the difference is that a rotating shaft 71, an upper rotating disk 72, and a lower fixing disk 73 are provided in the support slot 21, wherein the upper rotating disk 72 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 71, and the lower fixing disk 73 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 71. At the edge positions of the upper rotating disk 72, a plurality of permanent magnets 74 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets 74 are opposite. At the edge positions of the lower fixing disk 73, a plurality of electromagnets 75 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the electromagnets 75 are electrically connected to a polarity adjusting device used to adjust the polarity of the electromagnets.

[0050] With the above preferred solution, the polarity adjustment device is configured to adjust the polarity of the electromagnets 75, causing the upper rotary disk 72 to drive the resistor 5 to be detected in the support slot 21 to rotate at a specific angle. This ensures that the measuring assembly 44 can detect the resistor 5 to be detected from different angles, and the measurement results are more accurate.

[0051] More specifically, the upper rotating disk 72 and the lower fixing disk 73 are slidably connected by a tongue and groove structure.

[0052] With the above preferred solution, the upper turntable 72 rotates more stably. List of reference symbols

[0053] 1: test plate, 11: through hole, 2: carrier, 21: carrier slot, 3: conveying mechanism, 4: detecting mechanism, 41: detecting holder, 411: guide hole, 42: positioning assembly, 421: positioning slot, 422: positioning block, 43: pushing assembly, 431: pushing rod, 432: pushing block, 4321: annular slot, 4322: groove, 433: spring, 44: measuring assembly, 441: lifting rod, 442: distance sensor, 443: image sensor, 5: resistance to be detected, 6: illumination mechanism, 71: rotating shaft, 72: upper rotating disc, 73: lower fixing disc, 74: permanent magnets, 75: electromagnets.

Claims

[1] A detection device for a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) having a test plate (1), the detection device further comprising: - a carrier (2) with a plurality of carrier slots (21) which are designed to receive a wire winding resistor (5) to be detected, wherein one of the carrier slots (21) is assigned to a wire winding resistor (5) to be detected; - a conveying mechanism (3) for conveying the carrier (2); - a detection unit arranged on the test plate (1), which has a detection holder (41), a positioning arrangement (42) for positioning the carrier (2), a pressure arrangement (431) for fixing the wire wound resistor (5) to be detected, and a measuring arrangement (44) which is designed to detect the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the wire wound resistor (5) to be detected, to detect the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot spacing between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots, and to detect the depth of the rectangular vertical slot, wherein the measuring arrangement (44) has a lifting rod (441), a distance sensor (442), an image sensor (443), and a lifting rod drive device, wherein the lifting rod (441) is inserted through a through-hole (11) on the test plate (1); wherein the distance sensor (442) is on the lifting rod (441);is present, wherein the image sensor (443) is present on the lifting rod (441); and wherein the lifting rod drive device is drivingly coupled to the lifting rod (441) and drives the lifting rod (441) for the lifting movement.; [2] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 1, characterized by that the conveyor mechanism (3) has a conveyor track arranged on the test plate (1), a chute arranged on the bottom of the carrier (2) and coinciding with the conveyor track, and a carrier drive device which is drivingly coupled to the carrier (2) and drives the carrier (2) along the conveyor track. [3] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 1, characterized bythat the positioning arrangement (42) has a positioning slot (421) arranged on the test plate (1), a positioning block (422) rotatably connected to the slot wall of the positioning slot (421), and a drive device of the positioning block (422) which is drivingly coupled to the positioning block (422) and is designed to drive the positioning block (422) to rotate. [4] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 1, characterized by that the pressure arrangement (43) comprises a pressure rod (431), a pressure block (432), a spring (322), and a drive device of the pressure rod, wherein the push rod (431) is inserted through a guide hole (411) on the top of the detection holder (41), wherein the pressure block (432) is attached to the lower end of the pressure rod (431), wherein the spring (433) is pushed onto the pressure rod (431) and is located between the top of the detection holder (41) and the pressure block (432), and wherein the drive device of the push rod (431) is drivingly coupled to the push rod (431), which drives the push rod (431) for the lifting movement. [5] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 4, characterized by that the pressure block (432) is provided with an annular slot which fits the upper side of the insulating cylinder of the wire wound resistor (5) to be detected, wherein at least one groove (4322) is provided along the circumference on the side wall of the annular slot (4321). [6] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 1, characterized bythat at least one lighting mechanism (6) rotatably connected to the upper side of the detection holder (41) is arranged. [7] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to one of claims 1-6, characterized by that a rotary shaft (71), an upper rotary disc (72) and a lower fastening disc (73) are present in the support slot (21), wherein the upper rotating disc (72) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (71), and the lower fixing disc (73) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (71), wherein a plurality of permanent magnets (74) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the edge of the upper rotating disc, and the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets (74) are opposite, wherein a plurality of electromagnets (75) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction at the edge of the lower fixing disc (73), and the electromagnets (75) are electrically connected to a polarity adjusting device for adjusting the polarity of the electromagnets (75). [8] Detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to claim 7, characterized by that the upper rotating disc (72) and the lower fastening disc (73) are slidably connected by a tongue and groove structure (433). [9] Detection method of a non-inductive wire wound resistor, characterized bythat the detection is carried out by means of the detection device of a non-inductive wire wound resistor (5) according to one of claims 1-8, the method comprises the following steps in detail: (1) Inserting a wire wound resistor (5) to be detected into a carrier slot (21) of a carrier (2); (2) conveying the carrier (2) to the detection point by a conveying mechanism (3); (3) In a detection location, a positioning arrangement (42) in a detection unit first positions the support (2), and then a pressing arrangement (43) presses the wire wound resistor (5) to be detected carried by the support (2), and finally, a measuring arrangement detects the depth of the rectangular transverse slot of the insulating cylinder of the wire wound resistor (5) to be detected, the width of the rectangular transverse slot, the slot pitch between the adjacent rectangular transverse slots and the depth of the rectangular vertical slot, wherein a detected value is sent to a control device; (4) After the detection is completed, the conveyor mechanism (3) conveys the carrier (2) away from the detection point.

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