Reagent injector

Abstract

Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) for injecting a reagent, wherein the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) has the following: a first injector body (202, 402) defining a first end (805) and a second end (807), wherein the first injector body (202, 402) further comprises an outlet opening (228, 428) arranged proximal to the second end (807), a second injector body (204) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the second injector body (202) has a test tube (240), a valve assembly (216, 412) which is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the valve assembly (216, 412) is configured to selectively release the reagent through the outlet port (228, 428) of the first injector body (202, 402), and a spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) positioned between the first injector body (202, 402) and the second injector body (204), wherein the spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) is designed to allow movement of the second injector body (204) relative to the first injector body (202, 402) in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing, a cover element (801) with a shell section (818) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402) and designed to at least partially cover the second end (807) of the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the cover element (801) has an integral flange section (803) for attaching the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) to a component, wherein the shell section (818) and the flange section (803) are designed as a one-piece construction, wherein the flange section (803) of the cover element (801) further defines at least one mounting hole (828) for attachment to an exhaust gas component.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority over US patent application no. 16 / 044,980, filed on July 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. TECHNICAL AREA

[0002] The present disclosure relates to injectors and in particular an injector for injecting a reagent into an exhaust stream of an engine. BACKGROUND

[0003] Lean-burn engines offer improved fuel efficiency by operating with an excess of oxygen, meaning a greater amount of oxygen than is required for complete combustion of the available fuel. Such engines are said to run "lean" or with a "lean mixture." However, this improved fuel economy compared to combustion in non-lean engines is offset by undesirable pollutant emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx).

[0004] A method used to reduce NOx emissions from lean-burn engines is known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR). When SCR is used, for example, to reduce NOx emissions from a diesel engine, an atomized reagent is injected into the engine's exhaust stream depending on one or more selected engine operating parameters, such as exhaust temperature, engine speed (rpm), or engine load, measured by engine fuel flow, turbocharger boost pressure, or exhaust NOx mass flow. The reagent / exhaust mixture is passed through a reactor containing a catalyst, such as activated carbon or metals like platinum, vanadium, or tungsten, which are capable of reducing the NOx concentration in the presence of the reagent. Typically, an injector is used to inject the reagent into the engine's exhaust stream.

[0005] An injector for injecting a reagent is already known from US patent 2014 / 0054394A1. This injector has an injector body with an outlet opening. A valve assembly, which is at least partially enclosed by the injector body, is operatively connected to the outlet opening.

[0006] DE 11 2013 004 205 T5 shows an injector with a first injector body, with a second injector body coupled to the first injector body, with a valve assembly and with a cover element.

[0007] DE 10 2006 061 730 A1 shows an injector with a first injector body, with a second injector body coupled to the first injector body, with a valve assembly and with a cover element including an integral flange part.

[0008] DE 11 2012 003 803 T5 shows an injector with a first injector body, with a second injector body coupled to the first injector body, with a valve assembly and with a spring element positioned between the first injector body and the second injector body.

[0009] Aqueous urea solution is known as an effective reagent in SCR systems for diesel engines. However, the use of such an aqueous urea solution has many disadvantages. One of these disadvantages is the expansion of the aqueous urea solution when frozen, due to ice formation. Aqueous urea solution can be prone to freezing in certain situations, such as cold weather. The expansion of the aqueous urea solution when frozen can damage one or more components of the injector. The injector may then need to be repaired or replaced, resulting in downtime and increased costs. Freezing of the reagent can also lead to injector malfunction, resulting in undesirable deposits in the exhaust system. Similarly, any other fluid supply component can be damaged by freezing.

[0010] Accordingly, it may be desirable to provide an improved reagent injector that addresses some or all of these problems. SUMMARY

[0011] In one aspect of the present disclosure, an injector for injecting a reagent is provided. The injector comprises a first injector body defining a first end and a second end. The first injector body further comprises an outlet port located proximal to the second end. The injector further comprises a valve assembly that is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body. The valve assembly is configured to selectively dispense the reagent through the outlet port of the first injector body. The injector further comprises a cover element coupled to the first injector body and configured to at least partially cover the second end of the first injector body. The cover element has an integral flange section for attaching the injector to a component.

[0012] In another aspect of the present disclosure, an injector for injecting a reagent is provided. The injector comprises a first injector body defining a first end and a second end. The first injector body further comprises an outlet opening located proximal to the second end. The injector further comprises a second injector body coupled to the first injector body. The second injector body includes a reagent tube. The injector further comprises a valve assembly that is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body. The valve assembly is configured to selectively dispense the reagent through the outlet opening of the first injector body. The injector further comprises a cover element coupled to the first injector body and configured to at least partially cover the second end of the first injector body.The cover element has an integral flange section for attaching the injector to a component.

[0013] In one aspect of the present disclosure, an injector for injecting a reagent is provided. The injector comprises a first injector body defining a first end and a second end. The first injector body further comprises an outlet opening located proximal to the second end. The injector further comprises a second injector body coupled to the first injector body. The second injector body comprises a reagent tube. The injector further comprises a valve assembly that is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body. The valve assembly is configured to selectively dispense the reagent through the outlet opening of the first injector body. The injector further comprises a cover element coupled to the first injector body. The cover element has a shell section configured to at least partially cover the second end of the first injector body.The shell section and the first injector body define a fluid chamber. The cover element also has a flange section for attaching the injector to a component. The flange section is integrally formed with the shell section.

[0014] Further features and aspects of the present revelation will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system with a reagent injector according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the reagent injector according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 3 is a top view of the reagent injector. Fig. 2; Fig. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 2; Fig. Figure 5 is another cross-sectional view of the reagent injector. Fig. 2; Fig. Figure 6 is another cross-sectional view of the reagent injector. Fig. 2; Fig. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 2 in an extended configuration according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a reagent injector according to another aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 8; Fig. Figure 10 is another cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 8; Fig. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 8 in an extended configuration according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of a reagent injector according to another aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 12 in an extended configuration according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 14 is a perspective view of a reagent injector according to another aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 15 is a perspective view of a cover element of the reagent injector according to another aspect of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 14; Fig. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the reagent injector made of Fig. 14 in an extended configuration according to one aspect of the present disclosure; and Fig. Figure 18 is a perspective view of a reagent injector according to another aspect of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] It should be noted that, although the present teachings can be described in connection with diesel engines and the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, they can be used in connection with any one of several exhaust streams, such as, as non-limiting examples, those from gasoline, turbine, fuel cell, jet, or any other energy source that produces an exhaust stream. Furthermore, the present teachings can be used in connection with the reduction of any one of several undesirable emissions.

[0017] Where possible, the same reference symbols are used across drawings to designate the same or identical parts. Fig. Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary exhaust system 100 for an engine 102. In Fig. Solid lines between elements of the exhaust system 100 denote fluid lines, while dashed lines denote electrical connections. The engine 102 can be connected to a fuel source that, after consumption, generates exhaust gases which are discharged into an exhaust pipe or exhaust line 106 with an exhaust aftertreatment system 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 108 can include an exhaust treatment component 112 located downstream of the engine 102. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust treatment component 112 includes a component 114 for selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The SCR component 114 can include a catalyst bed for the catalytic reduction of NOx emissions in the exhaust stream. In other embodiments, however, the exhaust treatment component 112 can additionally include a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particulate filter (DPF).The exhaust gas treatment component 112 may further include components such as a temperature booster or a burner 116 to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust gas line 106. Increasing the exhaust gas temperature is advantageous for enabling the catalyst in the exhaust gas treatment component 112 to activate under cold weather conditions and when starting the engine 102, and for initiating regeneration of the exhaust gas treatment component 112 if the exhaust gas treatment component 112 includes a DPF.

[0018] To support the reduction of emissions generated by the engine 102, the exhaust aftertreatment system 108 includes an injector 110 for periodically metering an exhaust aftertreatment fluid or reagent into the exhaust stream of the engine 102. The injector 110 can be located upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment component 112 and is operational for injecting the reagent into the exhaust stream. The injector 110 is connected via a supply line 124 to a reagent tank 120 and a pump 122. Optionally, a filter (not shown) can be provided between the pump 122 and the reagent tank 120. The reagent can be a urea solution, a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), AdBlue®, or similar. It should also be noted that one or more reagents can be available in the system and can be used individually or in combination. Fig. Figure 1 illustrates a single injector 110; however, several such injectors 110 can also be considered within the scope of this disclosure. In a further embodiment, the injector 110 can also be used with an air-assisted injector.

[0019] The required amount of reagent can vary depending on the load, engine revolutions per minute (rpm), engine speed, exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas flow rate, fuel injection timing, air pressure, relative humidity, engine coolant temperature, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, and the desired NOx reduction. A NOx sensor or gauge 118 is positioned downstream of the SCR component 114. The NOx sensor 118 is operational and outputs a signal indicating the exhaust NOx content to an engine control unit (ECU) 126. All or some of the engine operating parameters can be supplied by the ECU 126 to an electronic fuel injection controller 128 via an engine / vehicle data bus. The electronic fuel injection controller 128 can also be included as part of the ECU 126.Exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas flow rate, and exhaust gas back pressure can be measured by appropriate sensors (not shown). The electronic injection control unit 128 can control the injector 110 to regulate the injection of the reagent into the exhaust gas stream of the engine 102.

[0020] Temperature-sensitive reagents, such as aqueous urea, tend to solidify at elevated temperatures of 300 °C to 650 °C, which can occur in an engine exhaust system. It may be desirable to keep the reagent below 140 °C, and preferably in a lower operating range between 5 °C and 95 °C, to ensure that urea solidification is prevented. If the formation of solidified urea is allowed, it can contaminate moving parts, openings, and passages of the injector 110. To maintain lower operating temperatures, the injector 110 can be supplied with a fluid that acts as a coolant. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid is different from the reagent and is supplied by a cooling system 130.In one embodiment, the cooling system 130 can be an engine cooling system and include various components such as a radiator, a fan, a fluid tank, fluid lines, one or more valves, etc. In such a case, the fluid can be water or an aqueous solution. The fluid can be supplied to the injector 110 via a fluid supply line 132. A fluid return line 134 allows the fluid to be returned to the cooling system 130 for cooling and recirculation. One or more components (e.g., valves, filters, etc.) can be provided in the fluid supply line 132 and / or the fluid return line 134. In one embodiment, the cooling system 130 can have its own pump for supplying the injector 110 with the fluid. The pump can be controlled based on the temperature of the reagent.

[0021] Even if in Fig. While a separate cooling system 130 for the injector 110 is shown in Figure 1, alternative cooling configurations can also be considered within the scope of this disclosure. In one embodiment, the reagent can be recirculated within the injector 110 to provide cooling. Instead of the cooling system 130, a return line (not shown) can be provided between the injector 110 and the reagent tank 120 to allow recirculation of the reagent. The configuration of the injector 110 can vary accordingly.

[0022] In certain situations, such as at cold ambient temperatures, the reagent supplied to injector 110 may tend to freeze. Reagents such as aqueous urea tend to expand when freezing. This expansion in the frozen state is due to the formation of ice. Such expansion of the reagent can damage one or more components of injector 110 due to the pressure exerted by the ice. The injector 110 according to the present disclosure has a freeze protection function that, in an extended configuration, allows the reagent to expand while preventing damage to the injector 110. The freeze protection function also allows the injector 110 to return to a normal configuration once the reagent (i.e., the ice) has thawed.

[0023] The injector 110 is described with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 further described. The injector 110 is for injecting a reagent into the exhaust stream of the engine 102 (in Fig. (1 shown). The injector 110 comprises a first injector body 202 (hereinafter referred to as "first body 202"), a second injector body 204 (hereinafter referred to as "second body 204"), a spring element 206, an electrical connection housing 210 (hereinafter referred to as "connection housing 210"), a fluid inlet tube 212, a fluid outlet tube 214, and a valve assembly 216. The injector 110 can define a longitudinal axis 'L' extending along a length of the injector 110.

[0024] The first body 202 can be substantially hollow and at least partially encloses the valve assembly 216. Furthermore, the first body 202 can be open at an upper and a lower end. An upper cap 218 can at least partially cover the upper end of the first body 202. The lower end of the first body 202 can be covered by a lower cap 220. A mounting flange 222 is also connected to the lower end of the first body 202. The first body 202 has an extended section 223 for coupling with the mounting flange 222. The mounting flange 222 defines several flange openings 224. The flange openings 224 allow the mounting flange 222 to be attached to the exhaust pipe 106 (in Fig. (1 shown) via mechanical fasteners such as screws. In an alternative embodiment, the mounting flange 222 can be integrally formed with the first body 202. The first body 202 also has a conduit section 226 at its lower end. The conduit section 226 can have a hollow configuration. The conduit section 226 defines an outlet opening 228 for dispensing the reagent. The lower cap 220 and the mounting flange 222 can be connected to the first body 202 by various methods, for example, by welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, interference fit, etc. In one embodiment, the lower cap 220 and / or the mounting flange 222 can be detachably connected to the first body 202.

[0025] The first body 202 also has an upper section 227. The upper section 227 has a connection opening 229 for receiving the connection housing 210 through it. The extended section 223 can extend from the upper section 227. The conductor section 226 can also extend from the upper section 227. The upper cap 218 can be arranged on the upper section 227.

[0026] In the illustrated embodiment, the first body 202 also has a recessed section 230 near its lower end. The recessed section 230 and the lower cap 220 together can define a fluid chamber 232. The fluid chamber 232 can at least partially surround the conduit section 226. The first body 202 further has a pair of receiving sections 234 for at least partially receiving the fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212, 214. The receiving sections 234 can be designed as round projections extending from the first body 202. The receiving sections 234 can be arranged on an outer surface of the first body 202 at an angular distance from each other. The fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212, 214 can be connected to the respective receiving sections 234 of the first body 202 by various methods, for example by welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, interference fit, etc.In one embodiment, the fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212, 214 can be detachably connected to the first body 202. The receiving sections 234 can also be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 110. The fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212, 214 can therefore also be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L'.

[0027] The fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212 and 214 can be hollow tubes through which a fluid can flow. The fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212 and 214 can be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 232. Furthermore, the fluid inlet pipe 212 defines a fluid inlet 236, which is arranged in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 232. Similarly, the fluid outlet pipe 214 defines a fluid outlet 238, which is arranged in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 232. The fluid inlet 236 can be configured to receive a fluid that is different from the reagent. In one embodiment, the fluid can be a coolant (e.g., water). The fluid inlet 236 can receive the fluid from the cooling system 130 (in Fig. (shown in 1) via fluid supply line 132. The intake and discharge of the fluid are shown in Fig. 3, indicated by the arrows ‘A1’. Furthermore, the fluid outlet 238 can discharge the fluid into the fluid return line 134. The fluid can flow into the fluid chamber 232 through the fluid inlet pipe 212, as shown by an exemplary fluid flow path ‘F’ in Fig. Figure 5 indicates that a fluid passage 239 of the fluid inlet pipe 212 can be in fluid communication with an inclined bore 245 of the first body 202. The inclined bore 245 is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 232. Furthermore, the fluid in the fluid chamber 232 can exit the injector 110 through the fluid outlet pipe 214. A flow passage (not shown) of the fluid outlet pipe 214 can be in fluid communication with another inclined bore (not shown) of the first body 202. This inclined bore can be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 232. The fluid in the fluid chamber 232 can cool the pipe section 226 of the first body 202. Thus, one or more components of the valve assembly 216, which are at least partially contained in the pipe section 226, can be cooled. The reagent flowing through line section 226 can also be cooled.This can essentially prevent solidification of the reagent due to high temperatures of the exhaust system 100 and improves the operability of the injector 110.

[0028] The second body 204 has a test tube 240. The test tube 240 can be oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 'L'. Furthermore, the test tube 240 can be essentially hollow and have open ends. The test tube 240 can supply the reagent from the pump 122 via the supply line 124 (in Fig. (1 shown). The test tube 240 further receives the reagent at a reagent inlet 241. The test tube 240 has an inlet filter 242 through which the reagent flows. The second body 204 further has a flange section 243 extending from the test tube 240. The flange section 243 can have a stepped configuration and has a top surface 244.

[0029] In one embodiment, the second body 204 can be movable relative to the first body 202. Furthermore, the second body 204 can be movable along an axial direction 'D' that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 110. The spring element 206 is positioned between the first body 202 and the second body 204. The spring element 206 can also movably connect the second body 204 to the first body 202. In one embodiment, the spring element 206 can be a substantially flat spring. Furthermore, the spring element 206 can be formed by at least one stamping or forming process. In another embodiment, the spring element 206 can be made of a metal or a metal alloy.The spring element 206 has a main section 246, at least one elongated section 248, and at least one intermediate section 250, which is arranged between the main section 246 and the at least one elongated section 248. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring element 206 has a pair of elongated sections 248 and a pair of intermediate sections 250. In an alternative embodiment, each of the two elongated sections 248 can have a zigzag shape to allow additional travel for the second body 204. Each of the two intermediate sections 250 is arranged between the main section 246 and a corresponding elongated section 248. The main section 246 is arranged on the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. Furthermore, the main section 246 is pressed against the top surface 244 of the flange section 243.In another embodiment, the main section 246 can be connected to a substantially circular portion of the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. The main section 246 can have an annular shape, defining a main opening 252. Although in the illustrated embodiment the main opening 252 has a substantially circular shape, other shapes of the main opening 252 can be considered within the scope of this disclosure. Such shapes of the main opening 252 can be polygonal, elliptical, etc. The main opening 252 is arranged at least partially around the test tube 240. The test tube 240 can thus extend through the main opening 252. In one embodiment, the main section 246 can be pressed onto the flange section 243 of the second body 204.In other embodiments, the main section 246 can be attached to the second body 204 by various methods such as welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, etc. In a further embodiment, the main section 246 can be detachably connected to the second body 204.

[0030] The intermediate sections 250 can extend from diametrically opposite sides of the main section 246. In an undeformed or normal state, each of the intermediate sections 250 has a curved shape that extends upward from the main section 246 and then curves downward toward the respective elongated section 248. In particular, each intermediate section 250 has a first segment 250a that extends upward from the main section 246 and a second segment 250b that curves downward and meets the respective elongated section 248. In one embodiment, the first segment 250a can have a substantially planar shape. The first segment 250a is furthermore, in the undeformed state or configuration, angled 'Ag' (in Fig. (shown in Figure 6) is inclined with respect to the main section 246. The second section 250b has a curved shape and connects the first section 250a to the respective elongated section 248. Each intermediate section 250 is designed to deform in order to allow movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. In particular, each intermediate section 250 deforms to allow movement of the second body 204 away from the first body 202 along the axial direction 'D'. In the deformed state or configuration, as shown in Figure 6, the second section 250 is designed to allow movement of the second body 204 away from the first body 202 along the axial direction 'D'. Fig. As shown in Figure 7, the first segment 250a is aligned substantially parallel to the main segment 246, i.e., the angle between them is substantially zero. After each intermediate segment 250 is deformed or bent to a point where the first segment 250a is aligned substantially parallel to the main segment 246, the spring element 206 can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. A distance 'D1' (in Figure 7) Fig. (shown in Figure 7) can correspond to the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. The distance 'D1' can be the distance between the second body 204 and the rod section 256.

[0031] Each elongated section 248 has a first region 248a, a second region 248b, and a third region 248c, which is arranged between the first and second regions 248a and 248b. The first region 248a extends from the second segment 250b of the respective intermediate section 248. The second region 248b may be connected to the first body 202. The first region 248a and the second region 248b may each have a substantially planar shape. In the illustrated embodiment, a width 'W1' (in Fig. (2 shown) the first region 248a is larger than a width 'W2' of the second region 248b. Furthermore, the third region 248c has a tapered shape and connects the first region 248a to the second region 248b. In one embodiment, the second region 248b of the elongated section 248 is connected to the first body 202 by welding. In other embodiments, the second region 248b can be connected to the first body 202 by various methods such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. In some embodiments, the first and / or the third region 248a, 248c of the elongated section 248 can also be connected to the first body 202 by various methods. In another embodiment, each elongated section 248 can be detachably connected to the first body 202 by any non-permanent joining method.Such a detachable connection makes it possible to remove the second body 204 from the first body 202, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 110. In a further embodiment, each elongated section 248 can be connected to the first body 202 by a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0032] In one embodiment, the spring element 206 is pre-tensioned to bias the second body 204 toward the first body 202. In another embodiment, the spring element 206 is further configured to bias or push the valve assembly 216 toward the first body 202. The second body 204 may move against the bias of the spring element 206 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 206 is further configured to limit the maximum movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. In particular, the spring element 206 may exert a bias force 'Fb' against a pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent during freezing. The reagent may expand in the frozen state due to ice formation. The expansion of the reagent is therefore caused by the expansion of ice.The pressure 'P' is exerted by ice that forms when the reagent freezes. In one embodiment, the limitation of the movement of the second body 204 can be an end stop.

[0033] The valve assembly 216 (in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. The valve assembly 216 (as shown in Figure 7) comprises an electromagnet 254, a rod 256, an outer tube 258, an inner tube 260, a valve element 262, a return spring 264, a seat element 266, a nozzle section 268, and an end element 270. In one embodiment, the valve assembly 216 can be a removable or replaceable modular assembly. The valve assembly 216 can thus be removed from the injector 110 and replaced with another valve assembly if necessary. In alternative embodiments, the valve assembly 216 may not be removable from the injector 110. The valve assembly 216 is configured to selectively discharge the reagent through the outlet opening 228 of the first body 202.

[0034] The electromagnet 254 comprises a coil 272, a coil former 274, a tube 276, and an end cap 278. The electromagnet 254 can be arranged within the first body 202. The coil 272 comprises a wire coil wound around the coil former 274. The tube 276 surrounds the coil former 274 at least partially. The tube 276 can be supported on a shoulder of the first body 202. The end cap 278 covers the coil former 274 and the tube 276 at least partially from above. The end cap 278 and the tube 276 can form a flux frame of the electromagnet 254. The terminal housing 210 is connected to the electromagnet 254. In particular, the terminal housing 210 can be connected to the flux frame of the electromagnet 254. A retaining ring 280 can be provided in a groove of the terminal housing 210. The retaining ring 280 can also be mounted on another shoulder of the first case 202.The retaining ring 280 can hold and / or support the terminal housing 210 within the first housing 202. In another embodiment, the terminal housing 210 can be molded onto the electromagnet 254. In other embodiments, the terminal housing 210 can be connected to the electromagnet 254 by various methods such as welding, brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, interference fits, etc. In one embodiment, the terminal housing 210 can be detachably connected to the electromagnet 254. The coil 272 can be powered via one or more wires (not shown) passing through the terminal housing 210. The coil 272 can be energized in response to a signal from the electronic injection control 128. Furthermore, a sealing element 282 (e.g., an O-ring) is installed between the tube 276 and the first body 202. The sealing element 282 can prevent the escape of the reagent and / or exhaust gases.

[0035] The rod section 256 can be at least partially contained within the electromagnet 254 and the connection housing 210. The rod section 256 defines a bore 284 extending through it. In the illustrated embodiment, the bore 284 is a countersunk bore. The bore 284 is in fluid communication with a passage 286 of the test tube 240. Furthermore, the test tube 240 is at least partially contained within a wider section of the bore 284 of the rod section 256. A sealing element 287 is arranged between the second body 204 and the valve assembly 216. In particular, the sealing element 287 is arranged between the test tube 240 and the rod section 256. In another embodiment, the sealing element 287 can be arranged between the first body 202 and the second body 204. The sealing element 287 can be an O-ring. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 is received in a groove 289 of the rod piece 256.In an alternative embodiment, the sealing element 287 can be received in a groove (not shown) of the test tube 240. The sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from leaking out of the injector 110. The second body 204, including the test tube 240, can be displaced relative to the first body 202 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 206 can limit the axial movement of the second body 204. In a displaced state, as shown in [Figure 1], the reagent can be displaced relative to the first body 202. Fig. Figure 7 shows that the reagent tube 240 and the rod section 256 define an expansion chamber 291 between them. The expansion chamber 291 allows the reagent to expand during freezing. The expansion chamber 291 can thus serve as a reservoir for the freezing reagent. In particular, the expansion chamber 291 can serve as a reservoir for ice that forms as the reagent freezes. Since the ice can expand, damage to various components of the injector 110 can be prevented. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping the expansion chamber 291. The volume of the expansion chamber 291 can be optimized to allow sufficient expansion of ice formed during the freezing of the reagent.

[0036] The inner tube 260 defines a tube bore 288 that is in fluid communication with the bore 284 of the rod section 256. In one embodiment, the inner tube 260, the rod section 256, and the test tube 240 can be aligned coaxially with each other. In another embodiment, the inner tube 260 can be made of a magnetic material (for example, stainless steel 430) so that the electrical excitation of the coil 272 generates a magnetic field that pushes the inner tube 260 toward the rod section 256.

[0037] The return spring 264 is located between the respective shoulders of the rod section 256 and the inner tube 260. Furthermore, the inner tube 260 is enclosed within the outer tube 258. The outer tube 258 is at least partially enclosed within the electromagnet 254 and the conductor section 226 of the first body 202. The inner tube 260 also defines several tube holes 292. These tube holes 292 can be through holes defined in a wall of the inner tube 260. In one embodiment, the inner tube 260 can have two such tube holes 292, which are diametrically opposed to each other. The tube holes 292 can provide a fluid connection between the tube bore 288 and a tube chamber 294. The tube chamber 294 can be defined at least partially by a bore in the outer tube 258.

[0038] The valve element 262 is connected at one end to the inner tube 260. The valve element 262 can be connected to the inner tube 260 by various methods, such as welding, adhesive bonding, interference fit, brazing, mechanical fasteners, etc. The valve element 262 can also have a flange that supports one end of the inner tube 260. The return spring 264 normally pushes the inner tube 260 and the valve element 262 against a valve seat of the seat element 266. In a closed position, a plug section of the valve element 262 rests on the valve seat and closes a seat opening of the seat element 266. The plug section can be located at one end of a valve stem of the valve element 262. When the coil 272 is energized, the inner tube 260 can move toward the rod section 256, thereby moving the valve element 262 away from the seat element 266.The plug section of the valve element 262 is thus displaced away from the valve seat in an open position. In the open position, the reagent can flow through the seat opening of the seat element 266.

[0039] The nozzle section 268 can adjoin the seat element 266. The nozzle section 268 can atomize the reagent flowing through it. Thus, the nozzle section 268 can generate a spray of reagent. The end element 270 can support the nozzle section 268 within the outer tube 258. The end element 270 also defines a bore through which the atomized reagent can flow. The reagent spray can exit through the outlet opening 228 of the first body 202 when the injector 110 releases the reagent into the exhaust stream or flow of the engine 102 (in Fig. 1 shown).

[0040] During operation of injector 110, the reagent is taken up at reagent inlet 241. An exemplary reagent flow path 'R' is shown in Fig. Figure 6 shows that the reagent flows through the inlet filter 242 and the passage 286 of the test tube 240. The reagent then flows into the bore 284 of the rod section 256 and into the tube bore 288 of the inner tube 260. The reagent can exit the inner tube 260 through the tube holes 290 and enters the tube chamber 294. In the closed position of the valve element 262, the stopper section of the valve element 262 prevents the reagent from exiting the tube chamber 294. The return spring 264 forces the valve element 262 into the closed position. When the coil 272 is energized, the inner tube 260 can be forced against the rod section 256. The inner tube 260 can move the valve element 262 away from the seat element 266 against the preload of the return spring 264. The plug section of the valve element 262 can thus be displaced away from the valve seat of the seat element 266.In the open position of the valve element 262, the reagent can flow through the seat opening of the seat element 266 into the nozzle section 268. The reagent can be atomized by the nozzle section 268. The atomized reagent can then exit the injector 110 through the bore of the end element 270 and the outlet opening 228 of the first body 202 in the form of a spray. The reagent spray can enter the exhaust stream of the engine 102 and, upon passing the SCR component 114, enable the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions in the exhaust stream. If injection of the reagent into the exhaust stream is not required, the coil 272 can be switched off. The return spring 264 can move the valve element 262 to the closed position when no opposing electromagnetic force is present.

[0041] The injector 110 can be cooled by the fluid taken in at the fluid inlet 236 of the fluid inlet pipe 212, as shown by the fluid flow path 'F' in Fig. Figure 5 shows that the fluid in fluid chamber 232 can exit injector 110 through fluid outlet pipe 214. The fluid in fluid chamber 232 can cool the pipe section 226 of the first body 202. The volume of the fluid in fluid chamber 232 can be optimized to ensure efficient cooling. Thus, one or more components of the valve assembly 216, which are at least partially contained within pipe section 226, can be cooled. The reagent located in pipe chamber 294 can also be cooled. This can essentially prevent solidification of the reagent due to high temperatures in the exhaust system 100.

[0042] In a normal position of the second body 204, as in Fig. Figure 6 illustrates the spring element 206 being pre-tensioned such that it biases the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202. This can correspond to an unfrozen state of the reagent. In the normal position, the flange section 243 of the second body 204 can also be arranged on one end of the rod section 256. The reagent can expand when frozen. In the illustrated embodiment, the injector 110 can be substantially rigid in the radial direction. Consequently, the reagent can expand along the axial direction 'D'. Furthermore, due to the expansion, the freezing reagent can exert the pressure 'P' on the second body 204, causing the second body 204 to be displaced away from the first body 202 along the axial direction 'D'. The pressure 'P' can be exerted by expanding ice that forms when the reagent is frozen.The spring element 206 also deforms to allow the movement of the second body 204 along the axial direction 'D'. In particular, the intermediate sections 250 of the spring element 206 can deform to allow the movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. However, the preload force 'Fb' exerted by the spring element 206 can limit the movement of the second body 204 and keep the second body 204 in the (in . . Fig. The distance 'D1' shown in Figure 7 from the end of the rod section 256 is maintained. This can correspond to an extended position or configuration of the second body 204. The preload force 'Fb' exerted by the spring element 206 due to the preload can thus counteract the pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent in the frozen state. The expansion chamber 291 formed by the movement of the second body 204 can also provide space for the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 110. Upon subsequent thawing of the reagent, it can contract. The pressure 'P' may then no longer be exerted on the second body 204. The spring element 206 can pre-tension the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202 after the ice has thawed.In particular, the spring element 206 can displace the second body 204 and hold the second body 204 against the end of the rod piece 256.

[0043] The injector 110 can thus have a freeze protection function comprising the spring element 206, which allows the reagent to expand safely during freezing. This essentially prevents damage to the injector 110 from the freezing reagent. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 prevents the reagent from leaking out. After the reagent has thawed, the spring element 206 moves the second body 204 back into its normal position.

[0044] Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. Figure 11 illustrates an injector 400 according to a further aspect of the present disclosure. The injector 400 can be used to inject a reagent into the exhaust stream of the engine 102 (in Fig. The injector 400 comprises a first injector body 402 (hereinafter referred to as "first body 402"), a second injector body 404 (hereinafter referred to as "second body 404"), a spring element 406, a reagent outlet tube 408, an electrical connection housing 410 (hereinafter referred to as "connection housing 410"), and a valve assembly 412. The injector 400 can define a longitudinal axis 'L1' extending along a length of the injector 400.

[0045] The first body 402 can be substantially hollow and at least partially encloses the valve assembly 412. Furthermore, the first body 402 has an upper section 414 and a lower section 416. The upper section 414 can be open at one end. An upper cap 418 can at least partially cover the upper end of the upper section 414. The upper section 414 can have a substantially cylindrical shape. Furthermore, the lower section 416 can have a tapered shape. The first body 402 also has a mounting flange 422. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting flange 422 is integrally formed with the first body 402. The mounting flange 422 defines several flange openings 424. The flange openings 424 allow the mounting flange 422 to be attached to the exhaust pipe 106 (in Fig. 1 shown) via mechanical fasteners such as screws.

[0046] The lower section 416 defines an outlet opening 428 for dispensing the reagent into the exhaust gas stream. The upper section 414 of the first body 402 has a connection opening 429 for receiving the connection housing 410 through it. The first body 402 also has a receiving section 434 for at least partially receiving the reagent outlet tube 408. The receiving section 434 can be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L1' of the injector 400. The reagent outlet tube 408 can thus also be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L1'. The reagent outlet tube 408 can be connected to the first body 402 by various methods, for example by welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, interference fit, etc. In one embodiment, the reagent outlet tube 408 can be detachably connected to the first body 402. The reagent outlet tube 408 also has a flange section 910 arranged on it.The flange section 910 has a top surface 911.

[0047] The reagent outlet tube 408 can be a hollow tube through which the reagent can flow. The reagent outlet tube 408 defines a reagent outlet 436, which is arranged in fluid communication with a reagent chamber 438 of the first body 402. Furthermore, the reagent outlet 436 is spaced apart from the exhaust line 106 (shown in FIG.), with the reagent chamber 438 located between them. In the illustrated embodiment, the reagent outlet 436 can be an orifice that controls the discharge of the reagent from the reagent outlet tube 408. The reagent chamber 438 can be defined by the lower section 416. A flow passage 437 (in FIG. Fig. (9 shown) of the reagent outlet tube 408 can be in fluid communication with an inclined bore 439 of the first body 402. The inclined bore 439 can be in fluid communication with the reagent chamber 438. Furthermore, the reagent outlet 436 can discharge the fluid into a return line (not shown) which is connected to the reagent tank 120 (in Fig. (1 shown) is connected. The reagent in the reagent chamber 438 can at least partially surround one or more components of the valve assembly 412 and cool the one or more components. Furthermore, a volume of the reagent in the reagent chamber 438 can be optimized to ensure efficient cooling of the one or more components of the valve assembly 412.

[0048] The second body 404 has a test tube 440. The test tube 440 can be oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 'L1'. Furthermore, the test tube 440 can be essentially hollow and have open ends. The test tube 440 can supply the reagent from the pump 122 via the supply line 124 (in Fig. (1 shown). The test tube 440 further receives the reagent at a reagent inlet 441. The test tube 440 has an inlet filter 442 through which the reagent flows. The second body 404 further has a flange section 443 extending from the test tube 440. The flange section 443 has a top surface 444. The configuration of the reagent inlet and outlet as shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. Figure 11 is shown as an example, and alternative configurations are possible within the scope of this disclosure. For example, the reagent tube 440 may have a reagent outlet, while the tube 408 may have a reagent inlet.

[0049] In one embodiment, the second body 404 can be movable relative to the first body 402. Furthermore, the second body 404 can be movable along an axial direction 'Da' that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 'L1' of the injector 400. The spring element 406 is positioned between the first body 402 and the second body 404. The spring element 406 can also movably connect the second body 404 to the first body 402. In one embodiment, the spring element 406 can be a substantially flat spring. Furthermore, the spring element 406 can be formed by at least one stamping or forming process. In another embodiment, the spring element 406 can be made of a metal or a metal alloy.The spring element 406 has a main section 446, at least one elongated section 448, and at least one intermediate section 450, which is arranged between the main section 446 and the at least one elongated section 448. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring element 406 has a pair of elongated sections 448 and a pair of intermediate sections 450. In an alternative embodiment, each of the two elongated sections 448 can have a zigzag shape to allow additional travel for the second body 404. Each of the two intermediate sections 450 is arranged between the main section 446 and a corresponding elongated section 448. The main section 446 is arranged on the flange section 443 of the test tube 440. Furthermore, the main section 446 is pressed against the top surface 444 of the flange section 443.In another embodiment, the main section 446 can be connected to a substantially circular portion of the flange section 443 of the test tube 440. The main section 446 can have an annular shape, defining a main opening 452. Although in the illustrated embodiment the main opening 452 has a substantially circular shape, other shapes of the main opening 452 can be considered within the scope of this disclosure. Such shapes of the main opening 452 can be polygonal, elliptical, etc. The main opening 452 is arranged at least partially around the test tube 440. The test tube 440 can thus extend through the main opening 452. In one embodiment, the main section 446 can be pressed onto the flange section 443 of the second body 404.In other embodiments, the main section 446 can be attached to the second body 404 by various methods such as welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, etc. In a further embodiment, the main section 446 can be detachably connected to the second body 404.

[0050] The intermediate sections 450 can extend from diametrically opposite sides of the main section 446. In an undeformed or normal state, each of the intermediate sections 450 has a curved shape that extends upward from the main section 446 and then curves downward toward the respective elongated section 448. In particular, each intermediate section 450 has a first segment 450a that extends upward from the main section 446 and a second segment 450b that curves downward and meets the respective elongated section 448. In one embodiment, the first segment 450a can have a substantially planar shape. The first segment 450a is furthermore, in the undeformed state or configuration, angled 'Ah' (in Fig. (shown in Figure 10) is inclined with respect to the main section 446. The second section 450b has a curved shape and connects the first section 450a to the respective elongated section 448. Each intermediate section 450 is designed to deform in order to allow movement of the second body 404 relative to the first body 402. In particular, each intermediate section 450 deforms to allow movement of the second body 404 away from the first body 402 along the axial direction 'Da'. In the deformed state or configuration as shown in Figure 10, the second section 450 is inclined relative to the first body 402. Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the first segment 450a is oriented essentially parallel to the main segment 446, i.e., the angle between them is essentially zero. After each intermediate segment 450 is deformed or bent to a point where the first segment 450a is oriented essentially parallel to the main segment 446, the spring element 406 can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 404 relative to the first body 402. A distance 'D2' (in Figure 11) Fig. (11 shown) can correspond to the maximum axial movement of the second body 404 relative to the first body 402. The distance 'D2' can be the distance between the second body 404 and the rod 456.

[0051] Each elongated section 448 has a substantially planar shape. In one embodiment, each elongated section 448 is connected to the first body 402 by welding. In other embodiments, each elongated section 448 can be connected to the first body 402 by various methods, such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. In another embodiment, each elongated section 448 can be detachably connected to the first body 402 by any non-permanent joining method. Such a detachable connection can make it possible to remove the second body 404 from the first body 402, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 412) of the injector 400. In a further embodiment, each elongated section 448 can be connected to the first body 402 by a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0052] In one embodiment, the spring element 406 is pre-tensioned to bias the second body 404 toward the first body 402. In another embodiment, the spring element 406 is further configured to bias or push the valve assembly 412 toward the first body 402. The second body 404 may move against the bias of the spring element 406 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 406 is further configured to limit the maximum movement of the second body 404 relative to the first body 402 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. In particular, the spring element 406 may exert a bias force 'Fs' against a pressure 'Pa' exerted by the reagent during freezing. The reagent may expand in the frozen state due to ice formation. The expansion of the reagent therefore occurs due to the expansion of ice.The pressure 'Pa' is exerted by ice that forms when the reagent freezes. In one embodiment, the limitation of the movement of the second body 404 can be an end stop.

[0053] The valve assembly 412 (in Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. The first body 402 (as shown in Figure 11) comprises an electromagnet 454, a rod 456, an outer tube 458, an inner tube 460, a valve element 462, a return spring 464, a seat element 466, a nozzle section 468, and an end element 470. In one embodiment, the valve assembly 412 can be a removable or replaceable modular assembly. The valve assembly 412 can thus be removed from the injector 400 and replaced with another valve assembly as needed. The valve assembly 412 is configured to selectively discharge the reagent through the outlet opening 428 of the first body 402. The electromagnet 454 comprises a coil 472, a coil former 474, a tube 476, and an end cap 478. The electromagnet 454 can be arranged inside the first body 402. The structures and functionalities of the various components of the valve assembly 412 and the electromagnet 454 are largely similar to those of the valve assembly 216 and the electromagnet 454, respectively.of the electromagnet 254, which above with reference to . Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 described. Therefore, some details of the valve assembly 412 and the electromagnet 454 are not discussed in the present disclosure.

[0054] A retaining ring 480 can hold and / or support the connection housing 410 within the first housing 402. A sealing element 482 (e.g., an O-ring) is also installed between the tube 476 and the first body 402. The sealing element 482 prevents the reagent from leaking out. The rod section 456 defines a bore 484 running through it. The bore 484 is in fluid communication with a passage 486 of the reagent tube 440. Furthermore, the reagent tube 440 is at least partially received in the bore 484 of the rod section 456.

[0055] A sealing element 487 is arranged between the second body 404 and the valve assembly 412. Specifically, the sealing element 487 is arranged between the reagent tube 440 and the rod section 456. In an alternative embodiment, the sealing element 487 can be arranged between the first body 402 and the second body 404. The sealing element 487 can be an O-ring. Furthermore, the sealing element 487 is received in a groove 489 of the reagent tube 440. The sealing element 487 can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 400.

[0056] The second body 404, including the test tube 440, can be displaced from the first body 402 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 406 can limit the axial movement of the second body 404. In a displaced state, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the reagent tube 440 and the rod section 456 can define an expansion chamber 491 between them. The expansion chamber 491 allows the reagent to expand during freezing. The expansion chamber 491 can thus serve as a reservoir for the freezing reagent. Specifically, the expansion chamber 491 can serve as a reservoir for ice that forms as the reagent freezes. Since the ice can expand, damage to various components of the injector 400 can be prevented. Furthermore, the sealing element 487 can prevent the reagent from escaping the expansion chamber 491. The volume of the expansion chamber 491 can be optimized to allow sufficient expansion of the ice formed in the frozen state of the reagent.

[0057] The inner tube 460 defines a tube bore 488, which is in fluid communication with the bore 484 of the rod section 456. In one embodiment, the inner tube 460, the rod section 456, and the reagent tube 440 can be aligned coaxially with each other. The return spring 464 is located between the respective shoulders of the rod section 456 and the inner tube 460. Furthermore, the inner tube 460 is enclosed within the outer tube 458. The outer tube 458 is at least partially enclosed within the electromagnet 454 and the lower section 416 of the first body 402. The inner tube 460 also defines several tube holes 492. The tube holes 492 can provide a fluid connection between the tube bore 488 and a tube chamber 494. The tube chamber 494 can be defined at least partially by a bore in the outer tube 458.The outer tube 458 further comprises a hole 496, which establishes a fluid connection between the tube chamber 494 of the outer tube 458 and the reagent chamber 438 of the first body 402. The reagent in the reagent chamber 438 can cool one or more components of the valve assembly 412.

[0058] The valve element 462 is connected at one end to the inner tube 460. The return spring 464 normally pushes the inner tube 460 and the valve element 462 against a valve seat of the seat element 466. In a closed position, a plug section of the valve element 462 rests on the valve seat and closes a seat opening of the seat element 466. When the coil 472 is energized, the inner tube 460 can move towards the rod section 456, thereby moving the valve element 462 away from the seat element 466. The plug section of the valve element 462 is thus displaced away from the valve seat in an open position. In the open position, the reagent can flow through the seat opening of the seat element 466.

[0059] The nozzle section 468 can adjoin the seat element 466. The nozzle section 468 can atomize the reagent flowing through it. The end element 470 can support the nozzle section 468 within the outer tube 458. The end element 470 further defines a bore through which the atomized reagent can flow. The reagent spray can exit through the outlet opening 428 of the first body 402 when the injector 400 releases the reagent into the exhaust stream or flow of the engine 102 (in Fig. 1 shown).

[0060] During operation of injector 400, the reagent is taken up at reagent inlet 441. An example reagent flow path 'R1' is shown in Fig. Figure 9 shows the reagent flowing through the inlet filter 442 and the passage 486 of the test tube 440. The reagent then flows into the bore 484 of the rod section 456 and into the tube bore 488 of the inner tube 460. The reagent can exit the inner tube 460 through the tube holes 490 and enter the tube chamber 494. In the closed position of the valve element 462, the stopper section of the valve element 462 prevents the reagent from exiting the tube chamber 494. The return spring 464 forces the valve element 462 into the closed position. When the coil 472 is energized, the inner tube 460 can be forced against the rod section 456. The inner tube 460 can move the valve element 462 away from the seat element 466 against the preload of the return spring 464. The plug section of the valve element 462 can thus be displaced away from the valve seat of the seat element 466.In the open position of the valve element 462, the reagent can flow through the seat opening of the seat element 466 into the nozzle section 468. The reagent can be atomized by the nozzle section 468. The atomized reagent can then exit the injector 400 through the bore of the end element 470 and the outlet opening 428 of the first body 402 in the form of a spray. The reagent spray can enter the exhaust stream of the engine 102 and, upon passing the SCR component 114, enable the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions in the exhaust stream. If injection of the reagent into the exhaust stream is not required, the coil 472 can be switched off. The return spring 464 can move the valve element 462 into the closed position when there is no opposing electromagnetic force.

[0061] As indicated by the reagent flow path 'R1', the reagent in tube chamber 494 can flow through hole 496 into reagent chamber 438. The reagent in reagent chamber 438 can cool one or more components of the valve assembly 412. The shape and / or dimensions of hole 496 can be selected according to the cooling requirements of the valve assembly 412. Furthermore, the volume of the reagent in reagent chamber 438 can be optimized to ensure efficient cooling.

[0062] In a normal position of the second body 404, as in Fig. Figure 10 illustrates the spring element 406 being pre-tensioned such that it biases the second body 404 in the direction of the first body 402. This can correspond to an unfrozen state of the reagent. In the normal position, the flange section 443 of the second body 404 can also be arranged on one end of the rod section 456. The reagent can expand when frozen. In the illustrated embodiment, the injector 400 can be substantially rigid in the radial direction. Consequently, the reagent can expand along the axial direction 'Da'. Furthermore, due to the expansion, the freezing reagent can exert the pressure 'Pa' on the second body 404, causing the second body 404 to be displaced away from the first body 402 along the axial direction 'Da'. The pressure 'Pa' can be exerted by expanding ice that forms in the frozen state of the reagent.The spring element 406 also deforms to allow the movement of the second body 404 along the axial direction 'Da'. Specifically, the intermediate sections 450 of the spring element 406 can deform to allow the movement of the second body 404 relative to the first body 402. However, the preload force 'Fs' exerted by the spring element 406 can limit the movement of the second body 404 and restrict the second body 404 in the (in . Fig. The distance 'D2' shown in Figure 11 from the end of the rod section 456 is maintained. This can correspond to an extended position or configuration of the second body 404. The preload force 'Fs' exerted by the spring element 406 due to the preload can thus counteract the pressure 'Ps' exerted by the reagent in the frozen state. The expansion chamber 491 formed by the movement of the second body 404 can also provide space for the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The sealing element 487 can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 400. Upon subsequent thawing of the reagent, it can contract. The pressure 'Pa' may then no longer be exerted on the second body 404. The spring element 406 can pre-tension the second body 404 in the direction of the first body 402 after the ice has thawed.Specifically, the spring element 406 can move the second body 404 and hold the second body 404 against the end of the rod piece 456.

[0063] The injector 400 can thus have a freeze protection function comprising the spring element 406, which allows the reagent to expand safely during freezing. This essentially prevents damage to the injector 400 from the freezing reagent. Furthermore, the sealing element 487 prevents the reagent from leaking out. After the reagent has thawed, the spring element 406 moves the second body 404 back into its normal position.

[0064] The injector 400 as in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. Figure 11 is shown only as an example, and alternative configurations are possible within the scope of this disclosure. For example, instead of the second body 404, the reagent outlet tube 408 can be movable relative to the first body 402. Furthermore, a spring element (not shown) can bias the reagent outlet tube 408 in the direction of the first body 402. The spring element can also limit the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element can also move the reagent outlet tube 408 to a normal position when the reagent has thawed. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to movement in the axial direction 'Da' of the injector 400 to allow expansion of the reagent in the frozen state. Instead, the movement can be at any angle relative to the longitudinal axis 'L1'.

[0065] In a further embodiment, both the second body 404 and the reagent outlet tube 408 can be movable relative to the first body 402. The injector 400 can then have two spring elements. One spring element can be used on the second body 404, while the other spring element can be used on the reagent outlet tube 408.

[0066] Fig. 12 and Fig. Figure 13 illustrates cross-sectional views of an injector 600 according to a further aspect of the present disclosure. The injector 600 is essentially similar in structure and function to the one described above with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. Injector 110 described in Section 7. Similar components were therefore provided with similar reference numerals. However, a spring element 602 of the injector 600 can also act as an upper cap for the first body 202. In particular, the spring element 602 can hold various parts of the valve assembly 216 within the first body 202. The spring element 602 is positioned between the first body 202 and the second body 204. The spring element 602 can also movably connect the second body 204 to the first body 202. In one embodiment, the spring element 602 can be a generally flat spring. Furthermore, the spring element 602 can be formed by at least one stamping or forming process. In another embodiment, the spring element 602 can be made of a metal or a metal alloy.The spring element 602 comprises at least one main section 604, at least one intermediate section 606, at least one elongated section 608, and at least one cap section 610. In one embodiment, the spring element 602 can have a substantially axially symmetrical configuration. In particular, the spring element 602 can be substantially symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 600. In alternative embodiments, the spring element 602 can have a pair of intermediate sections 606 extending from the main section 604 and a pair of elongated sections 608 extending from respective intermediate sections 606. In another embodiment, the spring element 602 can have multiple intermediate sections 606, each intermediate section 606 extending from a separate main section (not shown). Furthermore, each of the elongated sections 608 can extend from a corresponding intermediate section 606.Thus, the intermediate sections 606 and the elongated sections 608 are not connected to each other. The intermediate sections 606 and the elongated sections 608 can be bent or deformed away from each other, thereby enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 600.

[0067] The main section 604 is arranged on the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. Furthermore, the main section 604 is pressed against the top surface 244 of the flange section 243. The top surface 244 may have a lip contour so that the main section 604 snaps or locks onto the second body 204. This also prevents rotation of the second body 204. In another embodiment, the main section 604 may be connected to a substantially circular area of ​​the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. The main section 604 may have an annular shape that defines a main opening 612. The main opening 612 is arranged at least partially around the test tube 240. In an alternative embodiment, the main section 604 may not have a fully enclosed opening. For example, the main opening 612 may be substantially U-shaped.The test tube 240 can thus extend through the main opening 612. In one embodiment, the main section 604 can be pressed onto the flange section 243 of the second body 204. In other embodiments, the main section 604 can be attached to the second body 204 by various methods such as welding, brazing, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, etc. In a further embodiment, the main section 604 can be detachably connected to the second body 204.

[0068] The intermediate section 606 can extend from the main section 604. In another embodiment, the main section 604 can be an end or an extension of the intermediate section 606 that is in contact with the second body 204. In an undeformed or normal state, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 12, the intermediate section 606 has a curved shape that extends upwards from the main section 604 and then curves downwards towards the elongated section 608. In a deformed state or configuration, as shown in Figure 12, the intermediate section 606 has a curved shape that extends upwards from the main section 604 and then curves downwards towards the elongated section 608. Fig. As shown in Figure 13, a portion of the intermediate section 606 is oriented substantially parallel to the main section 604. After the intermediate section 606 has been deformed or bent to a point where the portion of the intermediate section 606 is oriented substantially parallel to the main section 604, the spring element 602 can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. A distance 'D3' (in Figure 13) Fig. (13 shown) can correspond to the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. The distance 'D3' can be the distance between the second body 204 and the rod section 256.

[0069] The elongated section 608 extends from the intermediate section 606. The intermediate section 606 can thus be arranged between the main section 604 and the elongated section 608. Furthermore, the elongated section 608 can be connected to the rod 256. In one embodiment, the elongated section 608 is connected to the rod 256 by welding. In other embodiments, the elongated section 608 can be connected to the rod 256 by various methods such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. In another embodiment, the elongated section 608 can be detachably connected to the rod 256 by any non-permanent joining method. Such a detachable connection can make it possible to remove the second body 204 from the first body 202, thus facilitating the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g.,to enable the valve assembly 216) of the injector 600. In a further embodiment, the elongated section 608 can be connected to the rod piece 256 by a snap connection.

[0070] The cap section 610 extends from the elongated section 608 and is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 600. The elongated section 608 can thus be arranged between the intermediate section 606 and the cap section 610. The cap section 610 at least partially covers the upper end of the first body 202. In one embodiment, the cap section 610 is connected to the first body 202 by welding. In other embodiments, the cap section 610 can be connected to the first body 202 by various methods such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. In another embodiment, the cap section 610 can be detachably connected to the first body 202 by any non-permanent joining method.Such a detachable connection makes it possible to remove the second body 204 from the first body 202, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 600. In a further embodiment, the cap section 610 can be connected to the first body 202 by a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0071] In one embodiment, the spring element 602 is pre-tensioned to bias the second body 204 toward the first body 202. In another embodiment, the spring element 602 is further configured to bias or push the valve assembly 216 toward the first body 202. The second body 204 may move against the bias of the spring element 602 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 602 is further configured to limit the maximum movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. In particular, the spring element 602 may exert a bias force 'F1' against the pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent during freezing. The reagent may expand in the frozen state due to ice formation. The expansion of the reagent is therefore caused by the expansion of ice.The pressure 'P' is exerted by ice that forms as the reagent freezes. The spring element 602 can further be configured to at least partially cover the upper end of the first body 202.

[0072] The second body 204, including the test tube 240, can be axially displaced relative to the first body 202 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 602 can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 204. In a displaced state as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 13, the test tube 240 and the rod section 256 can define an expansion chamber 614 between them. The expansion chamber 614 allows the reagent to expand during freezing. The expansion chamber 614 can thus serve as a reservoir for the freezing reagent. Specifically, the expansion chamber 614 can serve as a reservoir for ice that forms as the reagent freezes. Since the ice can expand, damage to various components of the injector 600 can be prevented. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping the expansion chamber 614. The volume of the expansion chamber 614 can be optimized to allow sufficient expansion of the ice formed in the frozen state of the reagent.

[0073] In a normal position of the second body 204 as in Fig. Figure 12 illustrates that the spring element 602 is pre-tensioned such that it biases the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202. This can correspond to an unfrozen state of the reagent. In the normal position, the flange section 243 of the second body 204 can also be arranged on one end of the rod section 256. The reagent can expand when frozen. In the illustrated embodiment, the injector 600 can be substantially rigid in the radial direction. Consequently, the reagent can expand along the axial direction 'D'. Furthermore, due to the expansion, the freezing reagent can exert the pressure 'P' on the second body 204, causing the second body 204 to be displaced away from the first body 202 along the axial direction 'D'. The pressure 'P' can be exerted by expanding ice that forms when the reagent is frozen.The spring element 602 also deforms to allow the movement of the second body 204 along the axial direction 'D'. In particular, the intermediate section 606 of the spring element 602 can deform to allow the movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. However, the preload force 'F1' exerted by the spring element 602 can limit the maximum movement of the second body 204 and keep the second body 204 in the (in . . Fig. The distance 'D3' shown in Figure 13 from the end of the rod section 256 is maintained. This can correspond to an extended position or configuration of the second body 204. The preload force 'F1' exerted by the spring element 602 due to the preload can thus counteract the pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent in the frozen state. The expansion chamber 614 formed by the movement of the second body 204 can also provide space for the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 600. Upon subsequent thawing of the reagent, it can contract. The pressure 'P' may then no longer be exerted on the second body 204. The spring element 602 can pre-tension the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202 after the ice has thawed.Specifically, the spring element 602 can move the second body 204 and hold the second body 204 against the end of the rod piece 256.

[0074] The injector 600 can thus have a freeze protection function comprising the spring element 602, which allows the reagent to expand safely during freezing. This essentially prevents damage to the injector 600 from the freezing reagent. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 prevents the reagent from leaking out. After the reagent has thawed, the spring element 602 moves the second body 204 back into its normal position. The spring element 602 can also act as an upper cap for the first body 202.

[0075] Fig. Figure 14 illustrates a perspective view of an injector 800 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 15 illustrates a perspective view of a cover element 801 of the injector 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 16 and Fig. Figure 17 shows cross-sectional views of injector 800. Injector 800 is essentially similar in design and function to the one described above with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. Injector 110 described in Section 7. Similar components have therefore been designated with similar reference numerals. However, a spring element 802 of the injector 800 can also serve as an upper cap for the first body 202. Furthermore, the injector 800 has a cover element 801 coupled to the first body 202. The cover element 801 has an integral flange section 803 for attaching the injector 800 to a component. In addition, the first body 202 defines a first end 805 and a second end 807 opposite the first end. Both the first and second ends 805, 807 can be open. Furthermore, the first end 805 and the second end 807 can be spaced apart from each other with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 800. In particular, the first and second ends 805, 807 can be axial ends of the injector 800. The first end 805 can be an upper end and is located proximal to the second body 204.The second end 807 can be a lower end and adjoins the cover element 801. The first end 805 can also allow the insertion and / or removal of the valve assembly 216 from the injector 800. The recessed section 230 is located at the second end 807. The line section 226 of the injector 800 can also be located at the second end 807 and extends from the recessed section 230. The outlet opening 228 is located proximal to the second end 807 of the first body 202. Furthermore, the outlet opening 228 is defined by the line section 226. The cover element 801 is designed to at least partially cover the second end 807 of the injector 800.

[0076] The spring element 802 is positioned between the first body 202 and the second body 204. The spring element 802 is designed to allow movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 802 can at least partially cover the first end 805 of the injector 800. Furthermore, the spring element 802 can hold various parts of the valve assembly 216 within the first body 202. The spring element 802 is positioned between the first body 202 and the second body 204. The spring element 802 can also movably connect the second body 204 to the first body 202. The second body 204 is thus movably coupled to the first body 202. In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in Fig. Figure 16 shows the spring element 802 comprising a first spring part 802A and a second spring part 802B. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can be separate components and are independently connected to the first body 202 and the second body 204, respectively. In one embodiment, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B are each detachably connected to the first body 202 and the second body 204, respectively. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can snap onto the first and second bodies 202, 204, respectively. In particular, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can each be a deformable clip that can be attached to the first body 202 and the second body 204 by means of respective snap connections. Furthermore, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can each be easily removed from the injector 800 by deforming the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B away from the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 800.This can facilitate the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216). In one embodiment, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B of the spring element 802 can each be a generally flat spring. Furthermore, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can each be formed by at least one stamping or forming process. In another embodiment, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can be made of a metal or a metal alloy. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B each have a main section 804, an intermediate section 806, a first elongated section 808, a second intermediate section 810, and a second elongated section 812.

[0077] The main section 804 of each of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B is arranged on the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. Furthermore, the main section 804 is pressed against the top surface 244 of the flange section 243. The top surface 244 can have a lip contour so that the main section 804 snaps or locks onto the second body 204. This also prevents rotation of the second body 204. In another embodiment, the main section 804 can be connected to a substantially circular area of ​​the flange section 243 of the test tube 240. The main section 804 can be a circular segment. The main sections 804 of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B together define a main opening 814. The main opening 814 is arranged at least partially around the test tube 240.In one embodiment, the main section 804 may not have a fully enclosed opening. For example, the main opening 814 may be substantially U-shaped. The test tube 240 may thus extend through the main opening 814. In another embodiment, the main section 804 may have a curved end (not shown) for securing the corresponding first and second spring parts 802A, 802B to the second body 204. Furthermore, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B may be removed from the second body 204 by bending the corresponding main sections 804 away from the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 800.

[0078] The first intermediate section 806 of each of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can extend from the main section 804. In another embodiment, the main section 804 can be an end or an extension of the first intermediate section 806 that is in contact with the second body 204. In an undeformed or normal state, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 16, the first intermediate section 806 has a curved shape that extends upwards from the main section 804 and then curves downwards towards the first elongated section 808. In a deformed state or configuration, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 17, a portion of the first intermediate section 806 is oriented substantially parallel to the main section 804. After the first intermediate section 806 has been deformed or bent to a point where the portion of the first intermediate section 806 is oriented substantially parallel to the main section 804, the spring element 802 can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. A distance 'D4' (in Figure 17) Fig. (17 shown) can correspond to the maximum axial movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. The distance 'D4' can be the distance between the second body 204 and the rod section 256.

[0079] The first elongated section 808 of both the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B extends from the first intermediate section 806. The first intermediate section 806 can thus be arranged between the main section 804 and the first elongated section 808. Furthermore, the first elongated section 808 can be detachably connected to the rod 256. Such a detachable connection allows the second body 204 to be removed from the first body 202, thereby enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 800. In another embodiment, the first elongated section 808 can be connected to the rod 256 by a snap-fit ​​connection. Furthermore, the first elongated section 808 can be bent or deformed away from the rod section 256 to allow maintenance of one or more core components of the injector 800.

[0080] The second intermediate section 810 of each of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B extends from the first elongated section 808. The first intermediate section 806 can thus be arranged at one end of the first elongated section 808, while the second intermediate section 810 can be arranged at the opposite end of the first elongated section 808. In particular, the first elongated section 808 can be arranged between the first and the second intermediate section 806, 810. The second intermediate sections 810 of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can together act as an upper cap for the first body 202. In particular, the second intermediate sections 810 at least partially cover the first end 805 of the first body 202. The second intermediate section 810 can thus be a cap section of each of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B.The second intermediate section 810 can have a curved shape extending downwards from the first elongated section 808 and then being substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 800. The second intermediate section 810 can further be curved to meet the second elongated section 812. The first end 805 of the first body 202 can be rounded or chamfered to match the curved shape of the second intermediate sections 810 of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B. The second intermediate section 810 can be detachably connected to the first body 202. Such a detachable connection can allow the second body 204 to be removed from the first body 202, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 800.In another embodiment, the second intermediate section 810 can be connected to the first body 202 by a snap-fit ​​connection. Furthermore, the second intermediate section 810 can be bent or deformed away from the first body 202 to allow maintenance of one or more core components of the injector 800.

[0081] The second elongated section 812 of each of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B extends from the second intermediate section 810. Furthermore, the second elongated section 812 can be detachably connected to the first body 202. Such a detachable connection allows the second elongated section 812 to be removed from the first body 202, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components (e.g., the valve assembly 216) of the injector 800. In another embodiment, the second elongated section 812 can be connected to the first body 202 by a snap-fit ​​connection. In addition, the second elongated section 812 can be bent or deformed away from the first body 202 to allow maintenance of one or more core components of the injector 800.In one embodiment, the second elongated section 812 may have a curved end (not shown) that engages in a lip (not shown) of the first body 202 to secure the corresponding first and second spring parts 802A, 802B to the first body 202.

[0082] The cover element 801 has a shell section 818 and a flange section 803, which is integrally formed with the shell section 818. The flange section 803 can extend outwards from the shell section 818. The shell section 818 is designed to at least partially cover the second end 807 of the first body 202. The shell section 818 can have a substantially axially symmetrical configuration. In particular, the shell section 818 can be substantially symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 'L' of the injector 800. Furthermore, the shell section 818 of the cover element 801 defines a cover opening 820 extending through it. The cover opening 820 can be positioned centrally on the shell section 818. The cover opening 820 is designed to at least partially accommodate the line section 226 of the injector 800. In particular, the cover opening 820 can accommodate an end 822 of the line section 226.The conduit section 226 may further have a step adjacent to the end 822, so that the conduit section 226 can be supported on the shell section 818. In the illustrated embodiment, the cover opening 820 is essentially circular. However, the cover opening 820 can have any suitable shape to at least partially accommodate the conduit section 226. In one embodiment, the shell section 818 can be pressed onto the conduit section 226. In particular, an inner diameter of the shell section 818, which defines the cover opening 820, can be pressed onto the end 822 of the conduit section 226. A clearance fit can be provided between the shell section 818 and an outer diameter of the second end 807 of the first body 202. In another embodiment, the shell section 818 can also be welded to the conduit section 226 at one or more weld points.In particular, the shell section 818 can be welded to the line section 226 at a first weld point 826. In other embodiments, the shell section 818 can be connected to the first body 202 by various other methods, such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. The shell section 818 can act as a lower cap or terminal cover for the injector 800. Furthermore, the first body 202 and the shell section 818 together can define a fluid chamber 824. The fluid chamber 824 can at least partially surround the line section 226. In particular, the shell section 818, the recessed section 230, and the line section 226 can define the fluid chamber 824. The fluid inlet and outlet pipes 212 and 214 of the injector 800 can be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 824. In particular, the fluid inlet 236 (in ) Fig. 3) of the fluid inlet pipe 212 is arranged in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 824. Similarly, the fluid outlet 238 (in Fig. (3 shown) the fluid outlet pipe 214 is arranged in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 824. The fluid inlet 236 can be configured to receive a fluid that differs from the reagent. In one embodiment, the fluid can be a coolant (e.g., water). The fluid inlet 236 can receive the fluid from the cooling system 130 (in Fig. (shown in 1) via the fluid supply line 132. The fluid passage 239 (in Fig. 5 shown) of the fluid inlet pipe 212 can be connected to the inclined bore 245 (in Fig. 5 shown) of the first body 202 are in fluid communication. The inclined bore 245 can be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 824. Furthermore, the fluid in the fluid chamber 824 can leave the injector 800 through the fluid outlet pipe 214. A flow passage (not shown) of the fluid outlet pipe 214 can be in fluid communication with another inclined bore (not shown) of the first body 202. This inclined bore can be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber 824. The fluid chamber 824 can act as a cooling chamber for one or more components of the injector 800. The cooling function of the fluid chamber 824 can be essentially the same as the cooling function of the fluid chamber 232 (in Fig. 5 shown) resemble injector 110.

[0083] The flange section 803 can be integrally formed with the shell section 818 of the cover element 801. Thus, the cover element 801 can include both a connection cover and a mounting flange or mounting bracket for the injector 800 in a single-piece construction. The cover element 801 can be manufactured by stamping or investment casting. Furthermore, the cover element 801 can be made of a metal or a metal alloy. The flange section 803 can be a complex, thin-walled mounting plate extending from an outer part of the shell section 818. The flange section 803 also defines at least one mounting opening or mounting hole 828. In the illustrated embodiment from Fig. 15 The flange section 803 has three mounting holes 828. Each of the mounting holes 828 is circular. However, each of the mounting holes 828 can have any other shape depending on the requirements. The mounting holes 828 make it possible to attach the flange section 803, and thus the injector 800, to a component using mechanical fasteners such as screws. The component can be the exhaust pipe 106 (in Fig. (1 shown) of the exhaust system 100. In one embodiment, the flange section 803 can be welded to the first body 202 at one or more weld points. In particular, the flange section 803 can be welded to an extended section 823 of the first body 202 at a second weld point 830. In other embodiments, the flange section 803 can be connected to the first body 202 by various other methods, such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc.

[0084] Since the shell section 818 and the flange section 803 are integrally formed, the cover element 801 can eliminate at least one welded joint, thereby reducing assembly cycle time and associated costs. The cover element 801 can also eliminate potential alignment problems (e.g., radial play) between the shell section 818 and the first body 202, which could otherwise affect the welding process. The cover element 801 can also offer an additional thermal advantage by directly cooling the integral flange section 803. Furthermore, the cover element 801 can reduce costs because the connection cover and the mounting flange are manufactured integrally rather than as separate components. Although the cover element 801 is described with reference to the injector 800, it is conceivable to integrate the cover element 801 into the injectors 110, 400, and 600 described above.

[0085] In one embodiment, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B of the spring element 802 are each pre-tensioned such that they bias the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202. In another embodiment, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B of the spring element 802 are further configured such that they bias or press the valve assembly 216 in the direction of the first body 202. The second body 204 can move against the bias of the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B are further configured such that they limit the maximum movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing.In particular, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can exert a preload force 'F2' against the pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent during freezing. The reagent can expand in the frozen state due to ice formation. The expansion of the reagent is thus caused by the expansion of ice. The pressure 'P' is exerted by ice that forms as the reagent freezes. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can further be configured to at least partially cover the first end 805 of the first body 202.

[0086] The second body 204, including the test tube 240, can be axially displaced relative to the first body 202 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can limit the maximum axial movement of the second body 204. In a displaced state, as shown in Fig. Figure 17 shows that the reagent tube 240 and the rod section 256 define an expansion chamber 832 between them. The expansion chamber 832 allows the reagent to expand during freezing. The expansion chamber 832 can thus serve as a reservoir for the freezing reagent. Specifically, the expansion chamber 832 can serve as a reservoir for ice that forms as the reagent freezes. Since the ice can expand, damage to various components of the injector 800 can be prevented. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping the expansion chamber 832. The volume of the expansion chamber 832 can be optimized to allow sufficient expansion of the ice formed in the frozen state of the reagent.

[0087] In a normal position of the second body 204, as in Fig. Figure 16 illustrates the first and second spring sections 802A, 802B being pre-tensioned such that they bias the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202. This can correspond to an unfrozen state of the reagent. In the normal position, the flange section 243 of the second body 204 can also be arranged on one end of the rod section 256. The reagent can expand when frozen. In the illustrated embodiment, the injector 800 can be substantially rigid in the radial direction. Consequently, the reagent can expand along the axial direction 'D'. Furthermore, due to the expansion, the freezing reagent can exert the pressure 'P' on the second body 204, causing the second body 204 to be displaced away from the first body 202 along the axial direction 'D'. The pressure 'P' can be exerted by expanding ice that forms in the frozen state of the reagent.The first and second spring sections 802A, 802B each also deform to allow the movement of the second body 204 along the axial direction 'D'. In particular, the first intermediate section 806 of each of the first and second spring sections 802A, 802B can deform to allow the movement of the second body 204 relative to the first body 202. However, the preload force 'F2' exerted by the first and second spring sections 802A, 802B can limit the maximum movement of the second body 204 and keep the second body 204 in the (in . . Fig. The distance 'D4' from the end of the rod section 256 (as shown in Figure 17) is maintained. This can correspond to an extended position or configuration of the second body 204. The preload force 'F2' exerted by the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B due to the preload can thus counteract the pressure 'P' exerted by the reagent in its frozen state. The expansion chamber 832 formed by the movement of the second body 204 can also provide space for the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The sealing element 287 can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 800. Upon subsequent thawing of the reagent, it can contract. The pressure 'P' may then no longer be exerted on the second body 204. The first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can pre-tension the second body 204 in the direction of the first body 202 after the ice has thawed.In particular, the first and second spring parts 802A, 802B can displace the second body 204 and hold the second body 204 against the end of the rod piece 256.

[0088] The injector 800 can thus have a freeze protection function comprising the spring element 802, which allows the reagent to expand safely during freezing. This essentially prevents damage to the injector 800 from the freezing reagent. Furthermore, the sealing element 287 prevents the reagent from leaking. After the reagent has thawed, the first and second spring sections 802A, 802B of the spring element 802 move the second body 204 into its normal position. The first and second spring sections 802A, 802B can also act as an upper cap for the first body 202. In particular, the second intermediate sections 810 of the first and second spring sections 802A, 802B can at least partially cover the first end 805 of the first body 202.The second intermediate sections 810 can thus hold at least one core or internal component (for example, the valve assembly 216) of the injector 800 within the first body 202. The second intermediate sections 810 can also be bent away from the first body 202 to allow maintenance of one or more core components of the injector 800. In particular, the second intermediate sections 810 can make it possible to remove one or more components of the valve assembly 216 from the first body 202.

[0089] Fig. Figure 18 illustrates a perspective view of an injector 900 according to a further aspect of the present disclosure. The injector 900 is essentially similar in structure and function to the one described above with reference to Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. Injector 400 described in Section 11. Similar components were therefore designated with similar reference numerals. However, a spring element 902 of the injector 600 is arranged between the reagent outlet tube 408 and the first body 402. The reagent outlet tube 408 defines a tube axis 'T' which is inclined at an angle 'Ai' relative to the longitudinal axis 'L1' of the injector 900. Furthermore, instead of the second body 404, the reagent outlet tube 408 is movable with respect to the first body 402. In particular, the reagent outlet tube 408 is movable along an inclined direction 'Di' which is substantially parallel to the tube axis 'T'. Thus, the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 is inclined at the angle 'Ai' with respect to the longitudinal axis 'L1'. The spring element 902 movably connects the reagent outlet tube 408 to the first body 402. Furthermore, the spring element 902 is pre-tensioned to pre-tension the reagent outlet tube 408 in the direction of the first body 402.The spring element 902 can also limit the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing. Furthermore, the spring element 902 can return the reagent outlet tube 408 to a normal position (as shown in ). Fig. (shown in Figure 18) move the reagent when it has thawed.

[0090] In one embodiment, the spring element 902 can be a substantially flat spring. Furthermore, the spring element 902 can be formed by at least one stamping or forming process. In another embodiment, the spring element 902 can be made of a metal or a metal alloy. The spring element 902 has a main section 904, a pair of elongated sections 906 (only one of which is elongated). Fig. 18 shown) and a pair of intermediate sections 908 (only one in Fig. 18) which are arranged between the main section 904 and the corresponding elongated sections 906.

[0091] The main section 904 is arranged on the flange section 910 of the reagent outlet tube 408. Furthermore, the main section 904 is positioned against the top surface 911 (in Fig. (8 shown) of the flange section 910. The main section 904 can have an annular shape, defining a main opening 912. Although in the illustrated embodiment the main opening 912 has a substantially circular shape, other shapes of the main opening 912 can be considered within the scope of this disclosure. Such shapes of the main opening 912 can be polygonal, elliptical, etc. The main opening 912 is arranged at least partially around the reagent outlet tube 408. The reagent outlet tube 408 can thus extend through the main opening 912. In one embodiment, the main section 904 can be pressed onto the flange section 910 of the reagent outlet tube 408. In other embodiments, the main section 904 can be attached to the reagent outlet tube 408 by various methods such as welding, brazing, bonding agents, mechanical fasteners, etc.In another embodiment, the main section 904 can be detachably connected to the reagent outlet tube 408.

[0092] The intermediate sections 908 can extend from diametrically opposite sides of the main section 904. In an undeformed or normal state, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 18, the intermediate sections 908 each have a curved shape extending upwards from the main section 904 and then curving downwards towards the respective elongated section 906. Each intermediate section 908 is designed to deform in order to allow movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 relative to the first body 402. In particular, each intermediate section 908 deforms to allow movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 away from the first body 402 along the inclined direction 'Di'. In a deformed state, the spring element 902 can limit the maximum movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 relative to the first body 402.

[0093] Each elongated section 906 has a substantially planar shape. In the illustrated embodiment, each elongated section 906 is connected to the receiving section 434 of the first body 402. In one embodiment, each elongated section 906 is connected to the first body 402 by welding. In other embodiments, each elongated section 906 can be connected to the first body 402 by various methods, such as brazing, mechanical fasteners, adhesives, etc. In another embodiment, each elongated section 906 can be detachably connected to the first body 402 by any non-permanent joining method. Such a detachable connection can allow the reagent outlet tube 408 to be removed from the first body 402, thus enabling the maintenance and / or replacement of one or more internal components of the injector 900.In another embodiment, each elongated section 906 can be connected to the first body 402 by a snap connection.

[0094] In one embodiment, the spring element 902 is pre-tensioned to bias the reagent outlet tube 408 toward the first body 402. The reagent outlet tube 408 can move against the pre-tension of the spring element 902 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing. The spring element 902 is further configured to limit the maximum movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 relative to the first body 402 in response to the expansion of the reagent during freezing.

[0095] In one embodiment, a sealing element (not shown) can be arranged between the reagent outlet tube 408 and the first body 402. The sealing element can be an O-ring. The sealing element can prevent the reagent from escaping from the injector 900 during movement of the reagent outlet tube 408.

[0096] In a normal position of the reagent outlet tube 408, as shown in Fig.Figure 18 illustrates that the spring element 902 is pre-tensioned such that it biases the reagent outlet tube 408 in the direction of the first body 402. This can correspond to an unfrozen state of the reagent. The reagent can expand when frozen. Due to this expansion, the freezing reagent can exert pressure on the reagent outlet tube 408, causing it to be displaced away from the first body 402 along the inclined direction 'Di'. The spring element 902 also deforms to allow the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 along the inclined direction 'Di'. In particular, the intermediate sections 908 of the spring element 902 can deform to allow the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 relative to the first body 402.A preload applied by the spring element 902 can, however, limit the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 and hold it at a predetermined distance relative to the first body 402. The preload exerted by the spring element 902 can thus counteract the pressure exerted by the reagent in its frozen state. An expansion chamber 291 (not shown) formed by the movement of the reagent outlet tube 408 can also provide space for the reagent to expand during freezing. The sealing element can prevent the reagent from escaping the injector 900. Upon subsequent thawing, the reagent can contract. The pressure may then no longer be exerted on the reagent outlet tube 408. The spring element 902 can bias the reagent outlet tube 408 towards the first body 402 after the ice has thawed.

[0097] The injector 900 can thus have a freeze protection function comprising the spring element 902, which allows the reagent to expand safely during freezing. This essentially prevents damage to the injector 900 from the freezing reagent. Furthermore, the sealing element prevents the reagent from leaking out. After the reagent has thawed, the spring element 902 also moves the reagent outlet tube 408 back into its normal position.

[0098] Although aspects of the present disclosure have been specifically shown and described with reference to the embodiments described above, it is obvious to the person skilled in the art that various additional embodiments can be considered by modifying the disclosed machines, systems, and methods without deviating from the concept and scope of protection of the disclosure. Such embodiments are considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure, which is determined based on the claims and any equivalents thereof.

Claims

[1] Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) for injecting a reagent, wherein the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) has the following: a first injector body (202, 402) defining a first end (805) and a second end (807), wherein the first injector body (202, 402) further comprises an outlet opening (228, 428) arranged proximal to the second end (807), a second injector body (204) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the second injector body (202) has a test tube (240), a valve assembly (216, 412) which is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the valve assembly (216, 412) is configured to selectively release the reagent through the outlet port (228, 428) of the first injector body (202, 402), and a spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) positioned between the first injector body (202, 402) and the second injector body (204), wherein the spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) is designed to allow movement of the second injector body (204) relative to the first injector body (202, 402) in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing, a cover element (801) with a shell section (818) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402) and designed to at least partially cover the second end (807) of the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the cover element (801) has an integral flange section (803) for attaching the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) to a component, wherein the shell section (818) and the flange section (803) are designed as a one-piece construction, wherein the flange section (803) of the cover element (801) further defines at least one mounting hole (828) for attachment to an exhaust gas component. [2] Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) for injecting a reagent, wherein the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) has the following: a first injector body (202, 402) defining a first end (805) and a second end (807), wherein the first injector body (202) further comprises an outlet opening (228, 428) arranged proximal to the second end (807), a second injector body (204) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the second injector body (204) has a test tube (240), a valve assembly (216, 412) which is at least partially enclosed by the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the valve assembly (216, 412) is configured to selectively release the reagent through the outlet port (228, 428) of the first injector body (202, 402), and a spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) positioned between the first injector body (202, 402) and the second injector body (204), wherein the spring element (206, 406, 602, 802) is designed to allow movement of the second injector body (204) relative to the first injector body (202, 402) in response to expansion of the reagent during freezing, and a cover element (801) coupled to the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the cover element (801) has the following: a shell section (818) designed to at least partially cover the second end (807) of the first injector body (202, 402), wherein the shell section (818) and the first injector body (202, 402) define a fluid chamber (232, 824), and a flange section (803) for attaching the injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) to a component, wherein the flange section (803) is integrally formed with the shell section (818), wherein the shell section (818) and the flange section (803) form a single component of the same material, wherein the first injector body (202, 402) further comprises a line section (226) defining the outlet opening (228, 428), and wherein the shell section (818) of the cover element (801) further defines a cover opening (820) designed to at least partially accommodate the line section (226). [3] Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover element (801) further comprises a shell section (818) and wherein the shell section (818) and the first injector body (202, 402) further define a fluid chamber (232, 824). [4] Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising: a fluid inlet (236) in fluid connection with the fluid chamber (232, 824) and a fluid outlet (238) in fluid connection with the fluid chamber (232, 824). [5] Injector (110, 400, 600, 800, 900) according to claim 4, wherein the fluid inlet (236) is configured to receive a fluid that is different from the reagent.

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