Test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications and their application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of shield tunnel test platforms that are adaptable to a variety of large mechanical events, particularly to a test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications. It aims to solve the problems of existing technology, namely that simulation and measuring devices for shield tunneling are difficult to use for large mechanical processes and that they struggle to handle complex geomorphology.The present invention is installed in a stepped test chamber comprising a test platform for simulating shield tunneling, a loading platform for engineering structures capable of simulating the compression of the rock layer by the shield equipment, and a real-time monitoring device for observing the loading platform. The simulated shield equipment includes a shield simulation mechanism and a mud-water circulation module. The loading platform for engineering structures is in the form of a box with a hinged lid on the top, the interior of which is filled with soil for testing. Advantages: It enables accurate simulation of the load situation of the shield drill and its effects on the riverbed and subsurface rock in a variety of geographical conditions, including shield drilling platforms below riverbeds and rock strata.In combination with the masonry material system, this enables maximum simultaneous reproduction of the construction site.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel simulation and testing equipment, in particular to a test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications and its application. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] With the continuous improvement of tunneling technology, the demands on tunneling projects are becoming increasingly stringent, and shield technology is also evolving in a new direction. Continuous technological advances in computer control, remote sensing, laser superconductivity, and communications have also made it possible to apply the results of pipeline research to shielding. Sensors are used during the construction process to collect various data and communicate with the computer control system. The computer automatically assesses and adjusts the next step, making shield technology highly automated.In order to meet the changing requirements of modern tunnel construction projects and to enable the widespread application of shield technology in all tunnel construction projects, shield research institutes conduct shield tests with simulated shields and develop high-performance and highly reliable shield systems.

[0003] The published technical patent documents disclose a technology for conducting corresponding shield experiments on simulated shields. Patent application No. 202110583182X, titled "A Research Device for Multimodal Shield Tunneling Experiments," discloses a box on the pressure plate to simulate the rock layer, which is connected to the simulation of the shield to establish the relationship between the tunneling mode and the guardianship courts of the soil layer. Patent application No. 2019108500925, titled "A Research Device for Multimodal Shield Tunneling Experiments," discloses a box on the pressure plate to simulate the rock layer, which is connected to the simulation of the shield to establish the relationship between the tunneling mode and the guardianship courts of the soil layer.2021100652344 entitled A type of mud-water earth pressure dual-mode switchable shield tunnel simulation test apparatus discloses a dual shield test mode. TECHNICAL DILEMMA

[0004] However, none of the above-mentioned technical methods is capable of meeting the complex geological conditions required for large-scale applications. This means that the method of pressurizing the box to simulate a rock formation, where the pressure is limited by the volume of the box, is not suitable for the promised mechanical situations such as the bottom of a riverbed. The combination of airbag deformation and intelligent heave measurement is limited by the fact that the shield's influence on the layered structure is not limited to heave. The further dual switching mode of mud-water mixing is only intended for dual-mode applications and still does not simulate the large-scale mechanical situations of tunnel construction. Therefore, the applicant believes that a complete set of simulation and measurement instruments for shield support in large-scale mechanical situations is still lacking. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

[0005] The present invention is intended to solve the problems of the prior art, where simulation and measurement equipment for shield support has difficulty coping with large mechanical processes and complex geomorphology.

[0006] The specific solution of the present invention is: to design a test platform for shield tunneling suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical situations and installed in a graded test room, including a test platform for simulating shield tunneling, an engineering structure loading platform that can simulate the compression of the rock layer of the shield device, and a device for real-time observation of the above-mentioned loading platform;The shield tunneling simulation test platform includes a shield machine module, a shield tunneling module that drives the horizontal displacement of the shield machine module, and a mud-water circulation module connected to the shield cutter head, mounted on the shield machine. The guide flange is installed outside the end of the shield cylinder and the main console is installed on the corresponding parts of the shield tunneling simulation test platform and is connected to it by circuits. The main console includes an electrical control module and a monitoring module. The mud and water chamber in the mud-water circulation module is located on the ground floor of the stepped test room, and the piping equipment is located on the first floor of the stepped test room.wherein the loading platform for civil engineering structures comprises a sample filling box with a hinged lid on the top, the interior of the box being filled with test soil, the front of the box being provided with a rectangular perforated door adapted to the blade holder of the shield simulation mechanism, the rectangular perforated door being equipped with a box flange, the box flange being equipped with the guide flange; wherein the box is provided with a pressure simulation mechanism on the surface of the pipe train except for the bottom surface; the real-time observation device comprises a simulated slope surface mounted in the inner chamber of the loading platform above the test soil, the simulated slope surface being provided with a plurality of positioning points, the positioning points being communicatively connected to a main control server for transmitting coordinate data.

[0007] In particular embodiments, the pressure simulation mechanism comprises a plurality of hydraulic force originals mounted in an array on the sides and tops of the box-shaped body.

[0008] In particular embodiments, the simulated shield machine comprises a shield cylinder mounted on a support frame, the support frame comprising a lower support frame located below the shield cylinder, a lead screw, and guard rails on both sides; the shield cylinder being equipped with a simulation knife holder at one end and a drive module connected to the other end, the shield cylinder being connected to a shield drive module at the rear end, the shield drive module in turn comprising, along the power transmission direction, a variable frequency motor, a first-stage gearbox, a turbine worm gear, and a lead screw, the lead screw being attached to the lead screw frame.

[0009] In particular embodiments, the sludge circulation system comprises a sludge supply pump and a sludge discharge pump; a closed control loop is formed via the sensor of the slurry discharge pump and the sensor of the slurry discharge pump as well as the pressure sensor of the sludge and water chamber; wherein the closed control system is equipped with an automatic manual switch, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, a bypass valve and a pressure reducing valve on each of the inlet and outlet lines, and the pressure relief valve is installed on the inlet line; Furthermore, the closed control system is equipped with a cleaning template in the pipeline.

[0010] In particular embodiments, the pressure simulation mechanism has hydraulic force application original 201) per row or column, which are connected in series to form a plurality of parallel pressure application layers.

[0011] In particular embodiments, the main control server comprises an electrical control module and a monitoring module as well as a control circuit and a display, wherein an input of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module and the control circuit, and an output of the control circuit is connected to the display and a control microcontroller for adjusting the drive speed of the drive module and the flow rate of the sludge circulation system.

[0012] In particular embodiments, the electrical control module comprises a sensor group, the sensor group comprising earth pressure sensors on the outer wall of the shield cylinder along each of the four directions up, down, left and right to monitor the earth pressure on the outside of the cylinder; thrust sensors are located at the lead screw connections; a thrust sensor is located at the end of the cylinder; the torque sensor is located on the lead screw mounting plate; a capacitive flow sensor is located at the outlet of the mud pump discharge pipe; the temperature sensor is attached to the retarder; a mud pressure sensor is located in the mud tank.

[0013] In particular embodiments, the loading platform for engineering structures is provided with a recording mechanism on the edge of the loading platform for engineering structures to capture the coordinate information of the positioning point, wherein the recording mechanism is communicatively connected to the monitoring mechanism.

[0014] A method for operating a shield tunnel test platform using the above-mentioned shield tunnel test platform, which is suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, comprising the steps of: (1) Preparation for assembly and testing of equipment: assembly of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction and the loading platform for civil structures, coordination and troubleshooting, and establishment of the travel channel for the shield cylinder; wherein the shield cylinder is connected internally to a knife holder, and the shield body is connected at the end to a mud-water circulation module; inside the bottom box is a pre-formulated soil body compacted from a mixture of clay and sand, and the pressure values ​​of the tuned pressure simulation mechanism are comparable to the pressure values ​​of the rock formation in the planned project; (2) Adjustment of the mud pressure and shield tunneling simulation;The discharge rate of the sludge pump is not less than 15.4 m3 / h, the height difference between the sludge tank and the sludge and water chamber is 5.6 m, and the pressure range of the sludge and water chamber is 0~0.8 bar, the discharge head of the sludge pump should not be less than 13.6 m; the discharge head of the sludge pump is 25 m; 3 / h and a discharge head of 15 m; After the mud-water circulation module is opened, the shield drive module is started, and the actual power should not be less than 1.76 kW to move the shield cylinder under the guidance of the lead screw on both sides; During the traveling process, the electrical control module collects the data information and transmits it to the higher-level control server to output the analog trench data; (3) Measurement of the surface deformation of the sample filling box: After step 2, the upper cover of the sample filling box was opened to collect the deformation of the upper surface and output the impact of the excavation process on the soil surface. POSITIVE EFFECT

[0015] It achieves the functions of collecting, storing, analyzing and managing the data of the shield machine construction process, which speeds up the testing and facilitates the compilation of the test report; The combination with the mud-water circulation module enables the simulation of mechanical rock formations at the bottom of a riverbed or seabed, ensuring that the equipment can withstand large compressive forces; The arrangement of multiple hydraulic force action originals enables complex mechanical simulation of the soil layer inside the bottom box, rather than just the application of lateral or surface pressure;Hydraulic force action original adopts the mode of parallel connection with the same row, so as to realize the effect of jacking up or shrinkage together with the same row, avoiding single force application, the pressure is not good to control, the impact on the service life of the equipment, especially in the process of unloading, the balanced unloading is more able to simulate the construction site environment; The multi-layer design ensures that the mud-water circulation system is relatively independent, which reduces the burden of equipment maintenance and repair; A full range of multi-angle electronic components to collect various data in the digging process, can achieve systematic observation of the digging system of all kinds of conditions.;

[0016] In the present invention, there is a significant increase in: (1) stability of device operation; (2) safety of devices; (3) principle of data reliability; (4) data can be automatically analyzed; (5) process visualization; (6) automatic generation of experimental reports; (7) automation of operation; (8) ease of operation. FIGURE OF DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 is a main view of the structure of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a main view of the loading platform for civil engineering structures according to the invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation in D-direction of Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of another angle of the overall system of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction according to the invention. Fig. Figure 6 shows the main view of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction. Fig. Figure 7 is a plan view of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction. Fig. Figure 8 shows the left view of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction. Fig. Figure 9 is a sectional view of side CC of the structure of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 is a sectional view of side AA of the structure of Fig. 6. Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of the structure of the guide flange. Fig. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the slag drainage in the sludge-water circulation module. Fig. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mud line in the mud-water circulation module. Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional view of a loading platform for civil engineering structures.

[0017] Names of the components of the figures: 1. Test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction; 2. Loading platform for civil engineering structures; 3. Real-time monitoring devices; 4. Mud-water circulation module; 5. Main console;

[0018] 101. Box flange; 102. Guide flange; 103. Guide wheel assembly; 104. Shield test machine bracket; 105. Cable drag chain; 106. Turbine worm gear elevators; 107. Shield assembly; 108. Shield cutter head; 109. Shield cylinder; 110. Lead screw; 111. Push seat; 112. Cutter holder motor; 113. Variable frequency motor for braking; 114. Slide clutch; 115. Drag chain mounting plate; 116. Tension sensors; 117. Sensor pull plate; 118. Pressure and tension sensor; 119. Turnbuckle; 120. Corrector; 121. Guard rails; 122. Mud and water chamber in cutter holder; 201. Hydraulic force application original; 202. Parallel branch; 203. Sample filling box; 204. Rectangular door; 205. Hinged lid; 206. Box flange surface; 207. Hydraulic cylinder; 208. Push-off plate; 209. Original pressure sensor.

[0019] 401. Mud and water chamber; 402. Mud pipe; 403. Sand pump; 404. Mud pump; 405. Pressure gauge; 406. Electric ball valves. THE BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0020] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications, see Fig. 1 to 14. Design of a shield tunneling test platform suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical situations and installed in a graded test room, including a test platform for simulating shield tunneling 1, an engineering structure loading platform 2 that can simulate the compression of the shield device's rock layer, and a real-time observation device 3 of the above-mentioned loading platform. wherein the shield tunnel construction simulation test platform 1 includes a shield machine module, a shield tunneling module that drives the horizontal displacement of the shield machine module, a mud-water circulation module 4 connected to the shield cutter head 108 is set on the shield machine, the guide flange 102 outside the end of the shield cylinder 109 and the main console 5 are installed on the corresponding parts of the shield tunneling simulation test platform and connected thereto by circuits, the main console 5 includes an electrical control module and a monitoring module; wherein the mud and water chamber 401 in the mud-water circulation module 4 is located on the ground floor of the graded test room and the piping equipment is located on the first floor of the graded test room; wherein the loading platform for civil structures 2 comprises a sample filling box 203 with a hinged lid 205 on the top, the interior of the box being filled with test soil, the front of the box being provided with a rectangular hole door 204 adapted to the blade holder of the shield simulation mechanism, the rectangular hole door 204 being equipped with a box flange 101, the box flange 101 being equipped with the guide flange 102; the box being provided with a pressure simulation mechanism on the surface of the pipe train excluding the bottom surface;The real-time observation device 3 includes a simulated slope surface mounted in the inner chamber of the loading platform above the test floor. The simulated slope surface is provided with a plurality of positioning points, and the positioning points are communicatively connected to a main control server for transmitting coordinate data. Stepped test space design: on the one hand, the mud and water chamber is located at the bottom, which will not interfere too much with the sample filling box; on the other hand, each functional partition is independent, thus reducing the difficulty of maintenance. The later stage of the design involves a large load and the design of the floor takes up a large amount of space. wherein the pressure simulation mechanism comprises a plurality of hydraulic force originals 201 mounted in an array on the sides and tops of the box-shaped body. wherein the simulated shield machine comprises a shield cylinder 109 mounted on a support frame, the support frame comprising a lower support frame located below the shield cylinder 109, a lead screw 110, and guardrails 121 on both sides; wherein the shield cylinder 109 is equipped with a simulation knife holder at one end and a drive module is connected to the other end, wherein the shield cylinder 109 is connected to a shield drive module at the rear end, wherein the shield drive module in turn comprises, along the power transmission direction, a variable frequency motor, a first-stage gearbox, a turbine worm gear, and a lead screw 110, wherein the lead screw 110 is attached to the lead screw 110 frame. wherein the sludge circulation system comprises a sludge supply pump and a sludge discharge pump; a closed control loop is formed via the sensor of the slurry discharge pump and the sensor of the slurry discharge pump as well as the pressure sensor of the sludge and water chamber 401; wherein the closed control system is equipped with an automatic manual switch, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, a bypass valve, and a pressure reducing valve on each of the inlet and outlet lines, and the pressure relief valve is installed on the inlet line; further, the closed control system is equipped with a cleaning template in the pipeline. The pressure simulation mechanism has hydraulic force application Original 201 per row or column, which are connected in series to form a plurality of parallel pressure application layers. The design philosophy of the series-parallel connection is to form each row or column into a whole, pressing the inside by providing a pressure point on the inside. If one cylinder enters late, the resistance in the piping system increases. According to hydromechanics, the other lines immediately increase the pressure at the blockage location and then move it away quickly and smoothly to clear the blockage. In contrast, a design with one cylinder per line, when blockages occur, often results in unlimited application of more force, resulting in a large local driving force and severe damage to the apparatus. wherein the main control server comprises an electrical control module and a monitoring module as well as a control circuit and a display, wherein an input of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module and the control circuit, and an output of the control circuit is connected to the display and a control microcontroller for adjusting the drive speed of the drive module and the flow rate of the sludge circulation system. wherein the electrical control module comprises a sensor group, the sensor group comprising earth pressure sensors on the outer wall of the shield cylinder along each of the four directions up, down, left and right to monitor the earth pressure on the outside of the cylinder; thrust sensors are located at the lead screw 110 links; a thrust sensor is located at the end of the cylinder; the torque sensor is located on the lead screw 110 mounting plate; a capacitive flow sensor is located at the outlet of the mud pump discharge pipe; the temperature sensor is mounted on the retarder; a mud pressure sensor is located in the mud tank. The loading platform for engineering structures (2) is provided with a recording mechanism on the edge of the loading platform for engineering structures to record the coordinate information of the positioning point, the recording mechanism being communicatively connected to the monitoring mechanism. The monitoring of the simulated ground subsidence can be carried out, in particular, by comparing the relative displacement of the observed coordinate points before and after the test.

[0021] A method for operating a shield tunnel test platform using the above-mentioned shield tunnel test platform, which is suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, comprising the steps of: (1) Preparation for assembly and testing of equipment: assembling the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction 1 and the loading platform for civil structures 2, coordinating and troubleshooting, and setting up the travel channel for the shield cylinder 109; wherein the shield cylinder 109 is connected internally to a knife holder, and the shield body is connected at the end to a mud-water circulation module 4; inside the bottom box is a pre-formulated soil body compacted from a mixture of clay and sand, and the pressure values ​​of the tuned pressure simulation mechanism are comparable to the pressure values ​​of the rock formation in the planned project; (2) Adjusting the mud pressure and shield tunneling simulation;The discharge capacity of the sludge pump is not less than 15.4 m; 3 / h, the height difference between the mud pool and the mud and water chamber 401 is 5.6 m, and the pressure range of the mud and water chamber 401 is 0~0.8 bar, the discharge head of the mud pump should not be less than 13.6 m; the other mud pump has a discharge rate of 25 m3 / h and a discharge head of 15 m; after the mud and water circulation module 4 is opened, the shield drive module is started, and the actual power should not be less than 1.76 kW to move the shield cylinder 109 under the guidance of the lead screw 110 on both sides; During the traveling process, the electrical control module collects the data information and transmits it to the higher-level control server to output the analog trench data;(3) Measurement of the surface deformation of the sample filling box 203: After step 2, the upper lid of the sample filling box 203 was opened to detect the deformation of the upper surface and output the effects of the excavation process on the soil surface.; EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The Shield Tunneling Simulation Test Platform 1 is based on the Engineering Structure Loading Platform 2 and is used to simulate shield tunneling. Its main features include: (1) Shield excavation for layer excavation. Enables excavation of reconfigured layers within the Engineering Structure Loading Platform 2 and the measurement of torque, thrust, mud and water chamber pressure, and other relevant parameters during the excavation process; (2) Adjustment and control of the excavation speed. Stable excavation at any set speed between 10 and 100 mm / min; (3) Control of slag discharge and mud water pressure. Design of the slagging system and implementation of arbitrary adjustment of the mud water pressure between 0 and 0.8 bar and stable control of the mud and water chamber 401 pressure during the excavation process.

[0023] The shield tunneling simulation system conducts tunneling operations through a transfer station into the interior of the Engineering Structures Loading Platform 2. The excavation diameter of the simulated shield cutter holder is 620 mm, the effective excavation length is 3 m, and the one-time continuous excavation is completed within the effective excavation length. Effective sealing should be achieved between the tunneling system and the Engineering Structures Loading Platform 2 to maintain stable pressure within the earth box during tunnel construction. The tunneling system should be designed to fully utilize the available space and consider the balancing measures of torque and reaction force during tunnel construction.Due to the long overhang of the main structure after the complete excavation of the tunnel system, the combination with the slurry system can be an effective measure to prevent the shield from loading the head or jamming.

[0024] Three types of slurry valves, namely pressure reducing valves, relief valves, and bypass valves, are installed in the slurry pipe circuit 402. A pressure reducing valve is installed on each of the inlet and outlet pipes to regulate the pressure in the pipe by adjusting the flow rate. The relief valve is installed in the slurry inlet pipe. When the system pressure is too high, open the relief valve, and part of the slurry discharged in the slurry inlet pipe will flow back into the slurry pool, thus regulating the system pressure. The bypass valve is installed between the slurry inlet and slurry outlet pipes.When the system is put into operation, the bypass valve is opened first to ensure stable operation of the ring pipeline system; when the system pressure is too large, open the bypass valve, part of the sludge in the sludge pipeline through the sludge discharge pipeline through the sludge pump flow to the sludge pool, can also achieve the purpose of regulating the system pressure.

[0025] The opening of all slurry valves is controlled by hydraulic cylinders, which are controlled by rotary encoders or sensors that monitor the angle of rotation of the hydraulic cylinders to open the slurry valves. The accuracy of opening and closing is achieved by rotary encoders or sensors. The above measures and methods are used to regulate the slurry flow in the pipeline. Furthermore, adjusting the thrust servo motors allows the thrust speed of the lead screw 110 to ultimately achieve the goal of precisely controlling the pressure of the slurry and water chamber 401.

[0026] The pressure sensor is located in the slurry and has the same pressure in all directions, measuring the internal pressure to ensure that the pressure on the earth wall meets requirements. The differential pressure sensor, located at the slurry inlet and outlet, protects the outlet pipe from excessive pressure, which could pose a risk of pipe rupture and collapse of the excavation and the surrounding soil.

[0027] Displacement sensor: Since the mechanical transmission distance is not consistent with the actual shield machine and the distance is large, the distance is measured by a wire-draw encoder or a laser distance meter.

[0028] Soil pressure sensor: Is mounted outside the cylinder around the graduation and measures the pressure of the soil layer in various directions. Accuracy of the pressure sensor: 0.5%FS, 1%FS.

[0029] The shield drive module consists of a motor + a first-stage gearbox + a worm gear + a lead screw 110. The first-stage gearbox is a K series hardened gearbox, the motor is an inverter motor, and the motor speed is adjusted by the frequency converter to realize the drive speed of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction 1.

[0030] The inverter motor is used to drive two worm gears and worm elevators simultaneously through the first-stage reduction gear to ensure that both sides are synchronized during feeding; the feeding can also be precisely controlled; the joint end of the worm gear elevator is connected to the guide flange 102, fully borrowing the strength of the box itself and reducing the fixed demand of the auxiliary support frame body on the ground; a support roller is installed below the thrust seat 111, and the support roller can be adjusted in height, so that the shield machine running is kept in a horizontal position during assembly. INDUSTRIAL USE

[0031] The current drive module design has the following advantages: compactness and efficient use of available space; good power amplification through screw drive; the worm gear is self-locking and has little backlash with the motor; double-stroke structure, good drive synchronization; servo system control, stable transmission speed. The guide wheel set serves as a support guide for the outer wall of the shield cylinder 109 and is provided with a mounting seat for the screw 110 on the outside to facilitate the installation and fastening of the screw 110. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 202110583182

[0003] WO 2019108500925

[0003] WO 2021100652344

[0003]

Claims

[1] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications, characterized by that: design of a test platform for shield tunnel construction, which is suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical situations and is installed in a graded test room, including a test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction (1), a loading platform for engineering structures (2) which can simulate the compression of the rock layer of the shield device, and a device for real-time observation (3) of the above-mentioned loading platform; wherein the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction (1) comprises a shield machine module, a shield tunneling module which drives the horizontal displacement of the shield machine module, a mud-water circulation module (4) connected to the shield cutter head (108) is placed on the shield machine, the guide flange (102) outside the end of the shield cylinder (109) and the main console (5) are installed on the corresponding parts of the shield tunneling simulation test platform and are connected to it by circuits, the main console (5) containing an electrical control module and a monitoring module; wherein the mud and water chamber (401) in the mud-water circulation module (4) is located on the ground floor of the graded test room and the piping equipment is located on the first floor of the graded test room; wherein the loading platform for civil engineering structures (2) comprises a sample filling box (203) with a hinged lid (205) on the top, the interior of the box being filled with test soil, the front of the box being provided with a rectangular hole door (204) which is adapted to the knife holder of the shield simulation mechanism, the rectangular hole door (204) being equipped with a box flange (101), the box flange (101) being equipped with the guide flange (102); the box being provided with a pressure simulation mechanism on the surface of the pipe train except for the bottom surface;The real-time observation device (3) comprises a simulated slope surface mounted in the inner chamber of the loading platform above the test floor, the simulated slope surface being provided with a plurality of positioning points, the positioning points being communicatively connected to a main control server for transmitting coordinate data; [2] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 1, characterized by that: wherein the pressure simulation mechanism comprises a plurality of hydraulic force originals (201) mounted in an array on the sides and tops of the box-shaped body. [3] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 2, characterized byin that: wherein the simulated shield machine comprises a shield cylinder (109) mounted on a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a lower support frame located below the shield cylinder (109), a lead screw (110) and guard rails (121) on both sides; wherein the shield cylinder (109) is equipped with a simulation knife holder at one end and a drive module is connected to the other end, wherein the shield cylinder (109) is connected to a shield drive module at the rear end, wherein the shield drive module in turn comprises, along the power transmission direction, a variable frequency motor, a sliding clutch for the power transmission, a turbine worm gear and a lead screw (110), wherein the lead screw (110) is attached to the lead screw (110) frame. [4] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 3, characterized bythat: wherein the sludge circulation system comprises a sludge supply pump and a sludge discharge pump; a closed control loop is formed via the sensor of the slurry discharge pump and the sensor of the slurry discharge pump as well as the pressure sensor of the sludge and water chamber (401); wherein the closed control system is equipped with an automatic manual switch, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, a bypass valve and a pressure reducing valve on each of the inlet and outlet lines, and the pressure relief valve is installed on the inlet line; Furthermore, the closed control system is equipped with a cleaning template in the pipeline. [5] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 4, characterized bythat: wherein the pressure simulation mechanism has hydraulic force original (201) per row or column which are connected in series to form a plurality of parallel pressure application layers. [6] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 5, characterized by that: wherein the main control server comprises an electrical control module and a monitoring module as well as a control circuit and a display, wherein an input of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module and the control circuit, and an output of the control circuit is connected to the display and a control microcontroller for adjusting the drive speed of the drive module and the flow rate of the sludge circulation system. [7] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 1, characterized bythat: wherein the electrical control module comprises a sensor group, the sensor group comprising earth pressure sensors on the outer wall of the shield cylinder along each of the four directions up, down, left and right to monitor the earth pressure on the outside of the cylinder; Thrust sensors are located at the lead screw (110) links; A thrust sensor is located at the end of the cylinder; The torque sensor is located on the lead screw (110) mounting plate; A capacitive flow sensor is located at the outlet of the mud pump discharge pipe; The temperature sensor is attached to the retarder; A mud pressure sensor is located in the mud tank. [8] A test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 1, characterized bythat: wherein the loading platform for engineering structures (2) is provided with a recording mechanism on the edge of the loading platform for engineering structures to acquire the coordinate information of the positioning point, the recording mechanism being communicatively connected to the monitoring mechanism. [9] A method of operating a shield tunnel test platform using the above-mentioned shield tunnel test platform using the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction for large mechanical applications according to claim 1, characterized by that it includes the following steps: (1) Preparation for assembly and testing of equipment: assembly of the test platform for simulating shield tunnel construction (1) and the loading platform for civil structures (2), coordination and troubleshooting, and establishment of the travel channel for the shield cylinder (109); the shield cylinder (109) is connected internally to a knife holder, the shield body being connected at the end to a mud-water circulation module (4); inside the bottom box there is a pre-formulated soil body compacted from a mixture of clay and sand, and the pressure values ​​of the coordinated pressure simulation mechanism are comparable to the pressure values ​​of the rock formation in the planned project; (2) Mud pressure adjustment and shield advance simulation; the discharge rate of the mud pump is not less than 15.4 m 3 / h, the height difference between the mud pool and the mud and water chamber (401) is 5.6m, and the pressure range of the mud and water chamber (401) is 00.8bar, the discharge head of the mud pump should not be less than 13.6m; The other mud pump has a discharge rate of 25m3 / h and a discharge head of 15m; After the mud and water circulation module (4) is opened, the shield drive module is started, and the actual power should not be less than 1.76kW to move the shield cylinder (109) under the guidance of the lead screw (110) on both sides; During the traveling process, the electrical control module collects the data information and transmits it to the higher-level control server to output the analog trench data; (3) Measurement of the surface deformation of the sample filling box (203): After step (2), the upper lid of the sample filling box (203) was opened to detect the deformation of the upper surface and output the effects of the excavation process on the soil surface.

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