NANO-DOTED CABLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A NANO-DOTED CABLE

Abstract

In particular, the invention relates to a nano-doped cable structure that offers physical resistance to factors such as heat, moisture, shock, combustion and chemical factors, while maintaining mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile / tear strength and simultaneously improving insulation properties, especially in cables that provide electricity and / or signal transmission through the use of organic and nanoscale material additives, and to a nano-doped cable manufacturing process that makes it possible to obtain this cable structure.

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a nano-doped cable and its manufacturing process for improving insulation, physical resistance and conduction efficiency while maintaining the flexibility properties of the cable structure.

[0002] In particular, the invention relates to a nano-doped cable structure that offers physical resistance to factors such as heat, moisture, shocks, combustion and chemical factors, while maintaining mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile / tear strength and simultaneously improving insulation properties, especially in cables that provide electricity and / or signal transmission through the use of organic and nanoscale material additives, and to a nano-doped cable manufacturing process that makes it possible to obtain this cable structure. State of the art

[0003] For power cables and signal cables, the conductivity of the cables must be high and must not decrease during their service life. Therefore, high physical strength and insulating capacity are sought for the insulating and protective layers surrounding the conductors within the cable, while simultaneously allowing for a degree of flexibility depending on the application. Although many different types of materials are used for this purpose, production costs increase with the durability and insulating properties of the materials in question. Due to the large number of areas where power or signal cables are required, it is necessary to manufacture a large number of cables with varying properties, lengths, and types, and production costs must be kept within a certain range to accommodate the large volume of cables produced.Therefore, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is less expensive than other materials, is generally preferred as the polymeric raw material for insulation and filler in cable structures, but the efficiency and durability of cables made with this material are low. Materials such as halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) or cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), which have higher durability and / or better insulating properties than PVC, allow for the production of higher-performing cables, but the costs increase considerably when the binding and supporting chemical additives are taken into account. Current technology involves adding certain amounts of calcite and chemical reinforcing agents to the PVC during production to increase the cable's strength without significantly increasing costs.These additives do have negative effects on the environment and human health ( ), but are not sufficient to increase the cable's efficiency of use.

[0004] Cables made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) contain polymers that prevent melting and separation at high temperatures in the various polyethylene chains that are cross-linked together. Therefore, XLPE is suitable for use in systems operating at high temperatures, but it has higher dielectric losses compared to polyethylene (PE). It is very resistant to aging and water, and its general operating temperature is between 90 and 110 °C. Ethylene propylene rubber (TPU), another material for the outer layer, is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene and is more flexible than PE and XLPE, but it also has higher dielectric losses. Polyurethane (PUR) has a general operating temperature of -50 to 90 °C and exhibits a flexible structure even at low temperatures, offering good resistance to chemicals and moisture, but it is not suitable for use in systems operating at high temperatures.Therefore, the outer layer used in power cables is designed to have high temperature resistance and reduced dielectric losses. However, the use of these materials does not provide sufficient strength, and production costs increase significantly with the other chemical components used with them. Artificial and / or chemical additives used to improve these properties prevent the power cable from being recycled after use and pose a risk to human health and the environment, as they release various hazardous gases into the environment in the event of a fire.

[0005] A patent document number CN105968592A, which is part of the prior art, describes a flame-retardant cable sheath granulate paint (masterbatch) and a manufacturing process. The flame-retardant cable sheath is made from polybutylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, vinyl distearamide, oilseed bitumen, flash powder, shell powder, calcined bentonite, zinc oxide, polysulfonyldiphenylenephosphonate, and methyl chloride. The mixture incorporates acrylic acid-butadiene-styrene copolymer, active calcium carbonate, nano-aluminum powder, rare earth stabilizer, compound flame retardant, and silane coupling agent. When produced with the correct material selection and ratios, the flame-retardant cable sheath masterbatch exhibits high flame retardancy, high insulation, and mechanical strength, and is intended to shorten the manufacturing process and withstand high temperatures.The aforementioned document does not mention any cable structure or manufacturing process that improves flexibility, insulation, and physical durability, particularly through the use of organic and nanoscale material additives.

[0006] In another patent document, CN111662495A, which is prior art, a scratch-resistant, low-smoke, halogen-free, and flame-retardant polyolefin cable material is described. The cable material in question contains 30-50 parts EVA, 50-70 parts HDPE, 15-25 parts LDPE, 90-120 parts flame retardant, 8-12 parts compatibilizing agent, 1-2 parts compounding agent, 0.5-0.8 parts antioxidant, and 0.5-1.0 parts lubricant. The lubricant is produced by mixing modified silicon masterbatch, stearic acid, and erucamide. The material is intended to be used to produce a scratch-resistant, low-smoke, halogen-free, and flame-retardant polyolefin cable material. The aforementioned document makes no mention of a cable structure or manufacturing process that improves flexibility, insulation, and physical durability, particularly through the use of organic and nanoscale material additives.

[0007] In summary, this is a nanodoped cable structure that makes it possible to increase the physical resistance of the cable to harmful factors such as heat, moisture, shocks, combustion and chemicals, as well as the electrical and / or signal conductivity, while maintaining flexibility and improving insulation properties through the use of organic and nanoscale material additives, and a method for manufacturing a nanodoped cable that enables the production of this cable structure. Purpose of the invention

[0008] The present invention relates to a nano-doped cable and a nano-doped cable manufacturing process that meets the above-mentioned requirements, eliminates possible disadvantages and offers some additional advantages.

[0009] The main purpose of the nano-doped cable and manufacturing process according to the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process suitable for use in electrical and / or signal lines, using organic waste and nanoscale materials, improving mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile strength, yield strength and insulation properties, increasing physical resistance to harmful factors such as heat, moisture, shock, combustion and chemicals, and increasing electrical and / or signal line efficiency.

[0010] Another objective of the invention is to obtain an efficient nano-doped cable and a production process that enables the recycling of organic waste and the reduction of production costs through the use of waste materials.

[0011] Another objective of the invention is to obtain an effective nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that reduces the dielectric loss of the cable and increases the electrical insulation.

[0012] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that increases the cable's service life and recycling efficiency.

[0013] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a functional nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that increases the effectiveness of the cable in terms of abrasion and cut resistance, UV light and temperature resistance, chemical and alkaline resistance, and mold resistance.

[0014] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that improves the flame-retardant and antibacterial properties of the cable.

[0015] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that reduces the release of toxic gases into the environment in the event of a fire and protects the health of humans and the environment.

[0016] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that prevents the formation of iron oxide during and / or after manufacturing and prevents deterioration of the cable's structure and color.

[0017] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nano-doped cable and a manufacturing process that makes it possible to activate the antimicrobial properties of snails and mussels through the sintering process during production.

[0018] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives in the most general form, the nanodoped cable, which contains at least one conducting layer that improves mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile and elongation strength and increases resistance / durability to external influences such as ultraviolet light, water, heat, combustion, cutting and abrasion, comprises at least one insulating layer containing nanoscale particles of marine mussel and snail shell waste coated with stearic acid; and at least one protective layer containing nanoscale particles of marine mussel and snail shell waste coated with a nanoscale silane mixture and talc powder.

[0019] A method developed according to the present invention for the production of nano-doped cables comprises the steps of cleaning and disposing of waste mussels and waste snail shells; crushing the shells and obtaining the powdered mussel mixture in nanometer size; spraying the nano-sized particles with stearic acid and carrying out the first modification process; mixing with the first polymer material in the granule mixer and producing a dough consistency; crushing the dough into granules, subsequently shaping the granules and obtaining the insulating layer; positioning the insulating layer so that it surrounds the conductive layer; adding the silane mixture to the ethyl alcohol solution and mixing, then adding the shell mixture to the solution and continuing the mixing process; completing the second modification process by filtering, washing, and sintering the sludge-like mixture;Dry mixing process by adding nanoscale talc powder to the tray mixture and mixing with the second polymer material in the granule mixer to form a dough; shaping the granules and obtaining the protective layer after the dough has been ground into granules; obtaining the nano-doped cable by positioning it to surround the insulation layer and the conduction layer.

[0020] The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are better understood with reference to the figures shown below and the detailed description written with reference to these figures, and therefore the evaluation should be carried out taking these figures and the detailed description into consideration. Figures for a better understanding of the invention

[0021] To best understand the structure and advantages of the present invention, it should be considered together with the figures described below. Fig. : Front view of the nanodoped cable according to the invention. Fig. : Cross-sectional view of the nanodoped cable according to the invention. Part References 1. Management Layer 2. Insulating layer 3. Protective layer 4. Filler layer A. Nanodoped cable Detailed description of the invention

[0022] In this detailed description, the preferred embodiments of the nanodoped cable and the manufacturing process are described only for a better understanding of the subject matter and without limitation.

[0023] A nano-doped cable (A) developed according to the present invention, the exemplary appearance of which is shown in Fig.1 shown, consists of; for the conduction of electricity, light and / or signals, preferably with at least one conduction layer (1) containing conductive wires or optical wires, which improves mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile and stretch strength and increases resistance / durability against external influences such as ultraviolet light, water, heat, combustion, cutting and abrasion, at least one insulating layer (2), preferably made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) containing nanoscale mussel and snail shell waste, preferably up to 150 nanometers, coated with stearic acid, and arranged to cover the conduction layer (1), protect the conduction layer (1) from electrical contact and external influences, increase the insulating effect and improve conduction efficiency;Nanoscale waste mussel and snail shell particles coated with a silane mixture, preferably comprising gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Silane 1100) and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Silane A-187), and preferably comprising nanoscale talc powder with a size of no more than 900 nanometers, comprising at least one protective layer (3), preferably of halogen-free flame-retardant material (HFFR), which protects the conductive layer (1) and the insulating layer (2) from external influences, increases the physical durability and fire resistance, and improves the mechanical properties surrounding the conductive layer (1) and the insulating layer (2).

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment of the nanodoped cable (A) developed according to the present invention, the insulating layer (2) surrounding the conducting layer (1) provides electrical and physical insulation of the conducting layer (1) by means of stearic acid-coated nanoscale waste mussel and snail shell particles. The stearic acid coating surrounding the shell particles acts as a molecular bridge between the interface between the inorganic filler and additives and the organic polymer matrix, thereby improving the electrical and optical insulation properties of the nanoscale waste mussel and snail shell particles. This increases the insulation efficiency of the insulating layer (2) and enhances the efficiency of signal and / or power transmission through the conducting layer (1).The conducting layer (1) and the protective layer (3) surrounding the insulating layer (2) improve the cable's mechanical properties, such as flexibility and tensile strength, thanks to nanoscale particles of mussel and snail shell waste and nanoscale talc powder coated with a silane mixture. The silane mixture in this layer strengthens the organic-inorganic bond between the mussel particles and talc powder, increasing the cable's physical durability (A) and making it resistant to cuts, scratches, damage, and fire.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nano-doped cable (A) comprises at least one filler layer (4), preferably made of ethylene propylene rubber (TPU), which is arranged between the insulating layer (2) and the protective layer (3) and which protects the position and shape of the conducting layer (1), which comprises nanoscale particles from waste mussels and waste snail shells, from impacts, bending, crushing, curling, twisting and cutting.

[0026] A method developed according to the present invention for producing nano-doped cables, which enables the production of nano-doped cables (A) that improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile and elongation strength and increase resistance / durability to external influences such as ultraviolet light, water, heat, combustion, cutting and abrasion, comprises the following steps: cleaning waste mussels and waste snail shells using acetone and preferably sterilizing by means of an oven and drying at a temperature of 200-300 °C; crushing the dried mussel and snail shell waste and converting it into particles in the nanometer range to obtain a powdered mussel mixture;Taking a first volume of the shell mixture for the first modification process and spraying stearic acid onto the nanoparticles in the mixture and carrying out the first modification process by coating the particles with stearic acid; mixing the shell mixture containing the modified nanoparticles with the first polymer material, preferably cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), in a granule mixer and producing a dough consistency; the resulting dough is crushed into granules and then extruded to form said granules and to obtain said insulating layer (2), which preferably contains at most 40 volume percent of the shell mixture; said insulating layer (2) is arranged to surround said conducting layer (1);For the second modification process, a second volume of the shell mixture is taken, preferably a silane mixture containing gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Silane 1100) and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Silane A-187), amounting to 1 to 3 percent by volume of the second volume; ethyl alcohol solution, preferably with a solution ratio of 10-70% and a volume of 200-500 milliliters, is added and stirred, preferably by means of a magnetic stirrer; then the shell mixture is added to the solution and the stirring process is continued; the second modification process is completed by filtering the sludge-like mixture obtained by mixing, preferably for 24 hours, washing with distilled water, and sintering, preferably in a furnace at a temperature of 300-1200 °C using hydrogen gas;Dry mixing process by adding nanoscale talc powder to the shell mixture containing the modified nanoscale particles and mixing with the second polymer material, preferably halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR), in a granule mixer to produce a paste-like consistency; shaping the granules by applying an extrusion process after comminuting the resulting dough into granules and preferably obtaining the protective layer (3) which contains at most 40 vol% of the shell mixture and at most 10% talc powder; obtaining a nano-doped cable (A) by positioning the protective layer (3) so that it surrounds the insulating layer (2) and the conductive layer (1).

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for producing the nano-doped cable comprises the steps of adding ATH, MDH, EVA, Silane 6300, UV stabilizer, titanate, maleic acid, DOTP, soya, silicone, silicone oil, polyolefin, starin, paraffin, antioxidant 1076, hydrogen peroxide and / or polyolefin matrix to the mixture during mixing in a granule mixer.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for producing the nano-doped cable comprises the following steps: after obtaining the aforementioned insulating layer (2), the shell mixture, which contains nano-sized particles modified by the first modification process, is mixed with the third polymer material, preferably ethylene propylene rubber (TPU), in a granule mixer and brought to a paste-like consistency; shaping the granules by applying an extrusion process after comminuting the resulting dough into granules and preferably obtaining the filler layer (4), which contains a shell mixture of up to 40% by volume; positioning the filler layer (3) so that it lies between the insulating layer (2) and the protective layer (3).

[0029] Thanks to the nanodoped cable and manufacturing process developed by the present invention, organic and nanoscale material additives are used to maintain the flexibility properties of the cable (A) while simultaneously improving its insulation properties. Furthermore, snail and mussel waste powders have a ceramic-like structure that enhances the stiffness, flexural properties, and dielectric properties of the reinforced plastics, as well as a flame retardant—a molecular structure that chemically or physically inhibits flame growth. Nanoscale talc powders, on the other hand, have a very small particle size, resulting in ultra-layered properties that offer exceptional hardness / impact resistance, excellent scratch and deformation resistance, and improved crystallization.In this way, a nano-doped cable (A) is obtained that offers physical resistance to harmful factors such as heat, moisture, shock, combustion and chemicals as well as electrical and / or signal conductivity, and a nano-doped cable manufacturing process that enables the manufacture of this cable. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 105968592A

[0005] CN 111662495A

[0006]

Claims

[1] Nanodoped cable (A) comprising at least one conducting layer (1) that conducts electricity, light and / or signals, improves mechanical properties such as flexibility, tensile and elongation strength and increases resistance / durability to external influences such as ultraviolet light, water, heat, combustion, cutting and abrasion, comprising: - at least one insulating layer, the insulating layer comprising stearic acid-coated, nanoscale shell and snail shell waste particles arranged to cover the conductor layer (1), which protects the conductor layer (1) from electrical contact and external influences, increases the insulating effect and enhances the conductivity; - at least one protective layer (3) arranged to surround the perimeter of the conductive layer (1) and the insulating layer (2), the protective layer (3) comprising nanoscale waste mussel and waste snail shell particles coated with a silane mixture and nanoscale talc powder, which protects the conductive layer (1) and the insulating layer (2) from the said external influences and increases the physical resistance and fire resistance and improves the mechanical properties. [2] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the conductive layer (1) comprises a conductive wire or an optical wire. [3] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the waste mussel and waste snail shell particles have a size of at most 150 nanometers. [4] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (2) is made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). [5] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the silane mixture contains gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Silane 1100) and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Silane A-187). [6] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the talc powder particles have a size of at most 900 nanometers. [7] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer (3) consists of a halogen-free flame-retardant material (HFFR). [8] Nanodoped cable (A) according to claim 1, wherein the cable (A) also comprises at least one filler layer (4) arranged between the insulating layer (2) and the protective layer (3) and preferably made of ethylene propylene rubber (TPU) material, wherein the filler layer (4) comprises nanoscale waste mussel and waste snail shell particles and protects the position and shape of the conductor layer (1) against shocks, bending, crushing, curling and cutting. [9] Method for producing a nano-doped cable, wherein the nano-doped cable is obtained according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: - Cleaning of mussel and snail shell waste with acetone and subsequent drying; - Obtaining the powdered shell mixture by crushing the dried mussel and snail shell waste and converting it into particles in the nanometer range; - Taking a first volume of the shell mixture for the first modification process and carrying out the first modification process by spraying stearic acid onto the nanoscale particles in the mixture and coating the particles with the stearic acid; - Mixing the shell mixture containing the modified nanoparticles with a first polymer material in the granule mixer and producing a dough consistency; - Forming the said granules by applying the extrusion process and obtaining the said insulating layer (2) after breaking the resulting dough into granules; - Positioning of the obtained insulating layer (2) so that it surrounds the said conducting layer (1); - Taking a second volume of the shell mixture, carrying out the first modification procedure by adding the silane mixture of 1 to 3 volume percent of the second volume to the ethyl alcohol solution and stirring, then adding the shell mixture to the solution and continuing the stirring process; - Filtering the sludge-like mixture obtained by the mixing process, washing the mixture with distilled water and sintering using hydrogen gas, and completing the second modification process; - Addition of nanoscale talc powder to the shell mixture with the modified nanoscale particles for the dry mixing process and mixing with a second polymer material in a granule mixer and producing a dough consistency; - Forming the granules by applying the extrusion process and obtaining the protective layer (3) after breaking the resulting dough into granules; - Production of the nano-doped cable (A) by positioning the protective layer (3) so that it surrounds the insulating layer (2) and the conducting layer (1). [10] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the drying process is carried out with sterilization using an oven and at a temperature of 200-300 °C. [11] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the first polymer material is made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). [12] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the insulating layer (2) contains a shell mixture of not more than 40 volume percent. [13] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the silane mixture contains gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Silane 1100) and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Silane A-187). [14] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the ethyl alcohol solution has a solution ratio of 10-70% and a volume of 200-500 milliliters. [15] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, comprising the step of carrying out the mixing process using a magnetic stirrer. [16] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, comprising the step of filtering the sludge-like mixture for 24 hours by allowing it to rest. [17] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the second polymer material consists of a halogen-free flame retardant material (HFFR). [18] Method for producing a nano-doped cable according to claim 9, wherein the protective layer (3) contains less than 40 volume percent shell mixture and less than 10 volume percent talc powder. [19] Method for producing a nanodoped cable according to claim 9, comprising the step of adding ATH, MDH, EVA, Silane 6300, UV stabilizer, titanate, maleic acid, DOTP, soya, silicone, silicone oil, polyolefin, starin, paraffin, antioxidant 1076 and / or hydrogen peroxide to the mixture during the mixing process in the granule mixer. [20] A method for producing a nanodoped cable according to claim 9, comprising the further steps of: mixing the shell mixture containing nanoparticles modified by the first modification method with the third polymer material in a granule mixer, wherein the third polymer material is preferably made of ethylene propylene rubber (TPU), and bringing the mixture to a dough consistency after obtaining the insulating layer (2); shaping the granules by applying an extrusion process after comminuting the dough into granules and obtaining the filler layer (4), which preferably contains a shell mixture of up to 40% by volume; positioning the filler layer (3) so that it lies between the insulating layer (2) and the protective layer (3).

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