Modular energy generation system for generating renewable energy

Abstract

Energy collection device (Fig. 3), comprising a weatherproof base structure consisting of a galvanized steel frame (1) and a metal plate (7) which ensures corrosion resistance and stability.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a plant for generating renewable energy, in particular for generating electrical power from wind and rain.

[0002] The invention described here represents an innovative, modular energy generation system developed for the efficient use of mechanical energy from rain and wind, for example, on roofs. Unlike conventional energy sources such as photovoltaics, this system offers a way to mechanically capture the energy from raindrops and wind and convert it into electrical energy ( Fig. 4, Fig. 5). This solution is ideal for regions with frequent rainfall or exposure to strong winds, as it significantly increases the efficiency of energy generation from renewable resources. The invention is adaptable for both residential and industrial applications, enabling energy diversification on rooftops.

[0003] The invention is based on two physical principles, the triboelectric and piezoelectric effects.

[0004] The triboelectric effect occurs when two different materials exchange electrical charges through friction or contact. In the invention described here, this effect is utilized by raindrops impacting a specially coated surface consisting of PTFE (Teflon) and aluminum. The contact and subsequent separation of the materials results in a charge separation. The PTFE becomes negatively charged, while the aluminum acquires a positive charge. This charge separation creates an electrical potential, which is subsequently used to generate electricity. The triboelectric effect is particularly efficient at harnessing the kinetic energy of raindrops, allowing this energy source to be optimally utilized.

[0005] The piezoelectric effect is the property of certain materials to generate electrical charge when subjected to mechanical pressure.

[0006] In the invention, piezo elements are arranged in a matrix structure that reacts to the mechanical energy of wind and rain. When raindrops impact the surface of the piezo elements or the wind moves the structure, pressure is exerted on these elements, creating an electrical voltage ( Fig. 6). This voltage is collected and converted into usable electrical energy. The piezoelectric effect thus enables continuous energy generation, regardless of the intensity of the rain or the wind speed, since even slight mechanical influences can be utilized.

[0007] The system consists of a robust base structure that is weatherproof and durable, ensuring reliable operation even under extreme climatic conditions. The construction includes a protective layer made of durable material that protects sensitive components such as the piezo elements and nanogenerators from environmental influences such as rain, wind, and moisture.

[0008] On this protective layer, the energy-generating elements are arranged in a clear and well-thought-out pattern. The piezo elements respond to mechanical pressure caused by the impact energy of raindrops or wind movement. This mechanical movement generates an electrical voltage that is collected via wiring.

[0009] Additionally, nano-generators are integrated, which utilize the triboelectric effect. The contact and separation of different materials through the movement of raindrops creates a charge separation, which also generates electrical energy.

[0010] The generated electrical energy is concentrated through a clever system of cabling and collection points. Both the numerous piezo elements and the nano-generators contribute to power generation, with the piezo elements primarily responding to mechanical pressure from rain and wind, while the numerous nano-generators generate electrical charges through the movement of the raindrops.

[0011] All the energy generated is collected in a central junction box. This is standardized and allows for easy integration into existing energy systems.

[0012] The system can be used as a standalone energy source or in combination with other renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic systems. This increases energy diversity on roofs and optimizes the use of renewable energy sources.

[0013] The system's modular design allows for flexible installation on various surfaces and in different sizes. It can be scaled for both residential and industrial applications. This flexibility allows the system to be adapted to meet specific needs and prevailing climatic conditions.

[0014] The housing of the presented invention measures 600 x 400 millimeters. In general, although future versions of the product may vary in size, the underlying technical innovations and design principles remain the same.

[0015] The basis of the invention is a U-shaped galvanized steel frame with external dimensions of 600 x 400 millimeters ( Fig. 3). The galvanization ensures that the frame is corrosion-resistant, meaning it won't rust, which is especially important for long-term outdoor use. The frame offers stability and protection against weather influences such as rain or snow. It has a height of 11 millimeters and a width of 7 millimeters, with a wall thickness of 1 millimeter. The internal dimensions of the frame are 586 x 386 millimeters. This means that the frame is stable on the outside, but offers enough space on the inside to accommodate the various components of the invention. To prevent injuries, the edges of the frame are rounded.

[0016] The central module of the invention is later inserted into this frame and firmly and securely fixed with a special sealant. This seal prevents moisture or dirt from penetrating the interior of the system. The total height of the module, i.e., the entire component excluding the frame, is 6.05 millimeters.

[0017] The bottom layer of the module is a rectangular base plate ( Fig. 2) Made of galvanized steel, which also protects against corrosion and moisture. This base plate measures 586 x 386 millimeters and is 0.75 millimeters thick. It serves as a stable foundation for the entire system and protects the components resting on it from external influences.

[0018] Wooden parts are attached to this metal plate ( Fig. 1). These wooden pieces serve two functions: First, they serve as a base for the layer of cells lying above them, which consists of piezo elements and nanogenerators. Second, they provide space for the cable connections that connect the various electronic components.

[0019] Each piece of wood measures 390 millimeters in length, 10 millimeters in width, and 3 millimeters in height. Four holes, each with a diameter of 1 millimeter, are drilled into these pieces. These holes serve as passages for the cable connections of the piezo elements. To understand the position of the holes, let's look at the long side of the piece of wood (390 x 3 millimeters). On this side, there are four holes that run horizontally and pass through the wood ( Fig. 7).

[0020] The holes at the ends of the wooden pieces (holes 1 and 2) are each 1.5 millimeters from the top and bottom edges, as well as from the side edges. The middle holes (holes 3 and 4) are also 1.5 millimeters high, but are 194 millimeters from the side edge of the piece of wood. This precise hole arrangement ensures that the piezo element cables can be routed neatly and securely. To fully understand the hole arrangement, it is recommended to consult the detailed diagrams of the subsequent construction plan.

[0021] A total of 29 of these wooden parts are attached to the metal plate. A gap of 10 millimeters is maintained between each wooden part. The distance from the edge of the metal plate to the outer ends of the wooden parts is 4 millimeters on both sides. On the other two sides, the gap is 14 millimeters. This precise arrangement ensures a stable and functional foundation for the components above.

[0022] The following invention describes a cell layer of piezo elements and nano-generators, which forms an entire module ( Fig. 6). This module contains the newly developed energy harvesting system and is mounted on an acrylic glass plate. Acrylic glass was chosen because it is particularly weatherproof and stable. It provides a durable and cost-effective protective layer that protects the module's sensitive components from environmental influences such as rain, wind, and sunlight. Furthermore, the acrylic plate allows for easy drilling of holes for subsequent cable connections.

[0023] The main construction consists of a clear acrylic glass plate, which serves both as a protective layer and as a carrier material for the piezo elements and nano generators attached to it ( Fig. 8, Fig. 1). The acrylic glass plate measures 598 millimeters long, 398 millimeters wide, and has a thickness of 2 millimeters. The nanogenerators and piezo elements are strategically arranged on this plate to enable optimal energy generation.

[0024] The piezo elements and the nanogenerators are mounted directly on the acrylic glass plate on another level above ( Fig. 2).

[0025] Above the piezo elements are the nanogenerators, which are made of a PTFE film ( Fig. 8, Fig. 9), a thin aluminum plate, and cross-shaped aluminum conductor tracks. The PTFE foil and the aluminum plate each measure 100 millimeters in width and length (square). They are both 0.5 millimeters thick. This foil plays a dual role: On the one hand, it protects the system from water and other weather influences; on the other hand, it is an important component in energy generation, particularly for the function of the nanogenerators. There are 24 of these nanogenerators on this layer. They are glued directly next to each other. This prevents water from seeping under this layer.

[0026] The piezo elements are circular and there are 504 of them on the acrylic glass plate ( Fig. 1, Fig. 6). Each of these piezo elements has a diameter of 15 mm. They are arranged in a checkerboard or matrix pattern: 28 piezo elements are placed on the longer side of the plate, and 18 on the shorter side, for a total of 504.

[0027] The piezo elements are evenly spaced at 5 mm. They are evenly spaced at 21.5 millimeters from each edge of the acrylic sheet. This arrangement ensures that the piezo elements utilize as much surface area as possible without interfering with each other.

[0028] The total area covered by the piezo elements is 89,019 mm^2.

[0029] Each piezo element has two wires – a positive and a negative pole. These wires are inserted through specially designed holes ( Fig. 6) in the acrylic glass plate. The holes have a diameter of 5 mm and run vertically through the plate, allowing the wires to be connected underneath the plate. To prevent moisture from penetrating the system, the holes are sealed with a special adhesive after the module is assembled ( Fig. 6).

[0030] The cross-shaped nano-parts are made of thin aluminum strips, as aluminum is an ideal material for harnessing the triboelectric effect. This cross-shaped structure maximizes the area over which the triboelectric effect takes place, allowing more energy to be generated.

[0031] Now consider the invention of a single nano-generator in the module: A nanogenerator consists of three parts bonded together with weatherproof adhesive. The first part is the base. It is made of aluminum and is a square plate measuring 100 millimeters long and 100 millimeters wide. The thickness should be no more than 0.5 millimeters.

[0032] The second part, which is then glued to the first, is a PTFE film with the same dimensions as the aluminum layer. Ideally, the PTFE film is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0033] The last and third part of the product is a so-called "thin aluminum conductor" (AI). The dimensions are not clear from the documentation. It is made of aluminum no thicker than 0.5 millimeters. This thin aluminum conductor consists of two different identical parts.

[0034] The conductor tracks of one nanogenerator are connected to the lower metal plate of another nanogenerator and lead to the junction box as an “electrical circuit”.

[0035] The wires of the piezo elements are then connected to each other underneath the acrylic glass plate to enable a clean current flow ( Fig. 4). Here, too, the drill holes are sealed with a special adhesive after completion to protect the system from water and other environmental influences.

[0036] The energy generated by the piezo elements and nano-generators is routed to a central junction box mounted on the back of the module. The junction box collects the positive and negative poles from the various circuits and bundles them into one large positive and one large negative pole. These wires are routed through two holes in the metal plate into the junction box, where they are soldered.

[0037] The junction box is equipped with a standardized MC4 connector, which is commonly used in photovoltaic systems. This facilitates the integration of the module into existing energy systems by allowing the generated energy to be fed directly into energy storage systems or power grids.

[0038] After the complete installation of the piezo elements, nano generators and wiring, the module is installed in the galvanized frame and sealed with a sealant to make it weatherproof ( Fig. 9). This ensures that the system functions reliably even in extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, wind, and snow.

[0039] The final product ( Fig.3) is a robust, weatherproof, and modular energy generation system that efficiently converts mechanical energy from rain and wind into electrical energy. The combination of piezo elements and nano-generators maximizes energy density, while the robust design ensures the system's longevity.

[0040] The combination of piezoelectric elements and nano-generators used in this invention enables continuous energy generation that can be varied depending on weather conditions. The efficiency of the piezoelectric elements is approximately 80%, while the nano-generators achieve a conversion efficiency of approximately 65%. In heavy rain and wind, the energy yield can be increased proportionally.

[0041] The module can be mounted on roof surfaces using standard brackets. Ideally, installation is at an inclination angle of 15 to 30 degrees to ensure optimal energy generation from rainfall. The brackets are made of stainless steel to guarantee high weather resistance. For secure mounting in strong winds, additional clamps are used at the corners to secure the modules and prevent damage from wind forces.

[0042] The system is designed for low-maintenance operation. The materials used, such as acrylic glass and PTFE film, are resistant to UV radiation and weathering. The average service life of the piezo elements and nano-generators is approximately 10 years.

[0043] Since the module is installed on roof surfaces, it features integrated lightning protection (in the junction box) to protect the electronics from surges. The wiring is enclosed in special waterproof enclosures (frames) to prevent short circuits. Furthermore, all electrical components are protected against overheating, ensuring the system operates safely even in extreme weather conditions.

[0044] The present invention addresses a specific market niche that is currently inadequately covered by existing technologies: Regions with frequent rain and wind, where photovoltaic systems operate inefficiently. Conventional energy generation solutions, such as photovoltaic modules, rely on solar radiation, which is often insufficient in these regions. The system presented here utilizes mechanical energy generated from rain and wind, thus closing the existing gap by providing an alternative, weather-independent energy source.

[0045] This offers a significant improvement over existing technologies, particularly for regions with changeable weather conditions.

[0046] Conventional rooftop energy generation technologies primarily utilize solar radiation or focus on single energy sources. The problem underlying the present invention is the lack of exploitation of mechanical energy sources such as rain and wind, which often remain unused. Particularly in regions with variable weather conditions where photovoltaic systems do not operate efficiently, there is a need for a solution that can reliably convert the energy from rain and wind into electrical energy. This problem leads to insufficient utilization of the renewable energy potential in these areas.

[0047] The invention offers an innovative solution for harnessing mechanical energy harvested from rain and wind. This energy is efficiently converted into electrical energy through the combination of two physical effects: the piezoelectric and triboelectric effects. The precise arrangement of the piezo elements and nano-generators on a weatherproof acrylic glass plate maximizes energy yield. The piezo elements respond to mechanical pressure created by wind or impacting raindrops, while the nano-generators harness the kinetic energy of the raindrops to generate additional energy through the triboelectric effect. The modular design of the system allows for flexible adaptation to different roof sizes and slopes, making the invention suitable for a wide range of applications, from private households to industrial use.

[0048] The presented energy generation system offers numerous advantages over conventional systems. Its weather-resistant and low-maintenance construction, made of robust materials such as PTFE and acrylic glass, ensures a long service life, even under extreme weather conditions. This reduces maintenance requirements and ensures high operational reliability. Another advantage is its easy integration into existing energy systems thanks to the standardized junction box with an MC4 connector.

[0049] This allows the system to be easily integrated into photovoltaic systems or other energy systems. Furthermore, the modular design offers flexibility in installation and allows for scalability, allowing for the creation of larger or smaller energy systems as needed. List of reference symbols 1 frame, serves to provide stable and corrosion-resistant mounting of the entire system and protects the internal components from external weather influences. 2 Sealant, serves to seal the system against moisture and environmental influences in order to protect the electronics and sensitive components from water damage. 3 Nanogenerator Conductor track made of thin aluminum (Al), serves as the upper part of the nano-generator, which uses the triboelectric effect to generate energy through contact with raindrops and in conjunction with the PTFE foil. 4 Nanogenerator PTFE foil, serves as the middle part of the nano generator, which together with the upper part and the lower aluminum part completes the electron exchange. 5 Piezo element, is used to convert mechanical energy caused by pressure or vibrations (e.g. wind or rain) into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect. 6 Wooden part, serves as a support for the cabling and provides mechanical stability for the piezo elements and nano generators placed on it. 7 Metal plate, serves as the base for the structure, provides stability, and protects the underlying components from moisture and environmental influences. (8) Acrylic glass plate, serves as a support for the piezo elements and nano-generators, while also providing stability. 9 Double hole for piezo elements, serves to pass the electrical connections of the piezo elements through the acrylic glass plate in order to ensure safe and orderly cabling and the subsequent current flow. 10 Hole in the wooden part, serves to pass the cable connections through the wooden part in order to enable the wiring of the piezo elements in an orderly and safe manner. 11 Double hole in the wooden part, serves to guide two cable connections (positive and negative pole) through the wooden part to ensure stable and separate current flow to the piezo elements. 12 Wire connection piezo elements, serves to electrically connect the piezo elements to each other in order to transmit the generated electrical energy to the connection points. 13 Junction box, serves to centrally collect and transmit the electrical energy generated by the piezo elements and nanogenerators. It is equipped with a standardized MC4 connector, allowing for easy integration into existing energy systems. 14 Nanogenerator aluminum layer, serves the triboelectric effect and completes the nanogenerator as the bottom layer. It also serves as one of the nanogenerator's poles.

Claims

[1] Energy collection device ( Fig. 3), comprising a weatherproof base structure made of a galvanized steel frame (1) and a metal plate (7) which ensure corrosion resistance and stability. [2] Nano-generators (3) (4) (14) comprising a combination of materials such as aluminum, copper, silicon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or nylon, characterized by that they convert electrical energy by means of the triboelectric effect, whereby the materials used are selected so that they have the greatest possible difference in their electron affinity in order to achieve maximum efficiency of energy conversion. [3] Nano-generators according to claim 2, characterized by that the triboelectric effect is caused by the contact and subsequent separation of raindrops with a PTFE layer and an aluminum layer. [4] Piezo elements (5), characterized bythat they generate electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect resulting from the mechanical pressure caused by wind or the impact of raindrops on the surface. [5] Piezo elements according to claim 4, characterized by that the sizes of the piezo elements can be variably adjusted to ensure efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. [6] Nanogenerator layer made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (4), characterized by that it acts both as mechanical protection of the underlying layers and as an active component of the triboelectric energy conversion process. [7] Electrical wiring ( Fig. 4 / 5, (6), (9), (12)), characterized bythat the electrical energy generated by nano-generators and piezo elements is fed to a central junction box (13) which is equipped with a standardized MC4 connector to enable easy integration into existing energy infrastructures. [8] Wooden parts (6), characterized by that they are equipped with appropriate holes (10) (11) for the proper routing of the cabling. [9] Wooden parts according to claim 8, characterized by that they are made from both traditional wood material and non-conductive materials using modern 3D printing processes. [10] Wooden parts according to claim 9, characterized by that they are robust and durable to withstand the mechanical demands of the device. [11] Piezo elements, characterized bythat they are arranged in a matrix pattern on a stable acrylic glass plate (8) and convert mechanical pressure into electrical energy, this arrangement ensuring a uniform distribution of the mechanical effects of rain or wind and achieving high efficiency in the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. [12] Nano-generators ( Fig. 9), characterized by that they consist of a designed structure that makes maximum use of the triboelectric effect, with these generators positioned in such a way that raindrops also fall on the PTFE film, which enhances the charge exchange between the materials and thus supports the flow of electrons. [13] Nano-generators according to claim 12, characterized by that a cross-shaped or circular structure or a combination of both optimizes the area for energy exchange, which leads to a higher energy yield. [14] Modular system ( Fig. 3), characterized by that it can be flexibly adapted to different roof sizes and slopes, whereby the modular design allows the system to be expanded as required. [15] Modular system according to claim 14, characterized by that each unit can function independently or be integrated into a larger system, allowing use on both small private rooftops and larger commercial buildings. [16] Module ( Fig. 3), characterized by that it can be installed on a variety of surfaces and in variable sizes, making it particularly adaptable. [17] Module according to claim 16, characterized bythat the construction is made of weather-resistant materials such as acrylic glass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which ensure a long service life. These materials are resistant to both UV radiation and mechanical stress from wind and rain, thus minimizing maintenance and maximizing longevity. [18] System ( Fig. 3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the piezo elements and nano-generators are positioned in a precise arrangement to enable maximum use of the available area for energy conversion, whereby this arrangement ensures high efficiency in the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy regardless of the ambient conditions. [19] Nanogenerator unit ( Fig. 8, Fig.

9. (3), (4) (14)), characterized bythat it consists of a three-layer structure, with a middle, negatively charged layer acting as the central component, and the middle layer being surrounded on both sides by a positively charged layer. [20] Nanogenerator unit according to claim 19, characterized by that the arrangement of the layers is designed to create a charge separation through mechanical effects and thereby generate electrical energy, whereby the electrical energy generation is based on the interaction of the negatively charged middle layer with the two positively charged outer layers. [21] central junction box, characterized by It features an MC4 connector, which is standard in the photovoltaic industry. This allows the generated electrical energy to be fed directly into existing power grids or battery storage systems without the need for complex modifications.

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