Base adapter for coupling a tool to a processing machine, set consisting of a base adapter and a tool holder, tool for loosening and fixing the tool holder to the base adapter as well as processing machine and tool changing system for this purpose

Abstract

Base adapter (20) for coupling a cutting tool (90) or a measuring tool to a processing machine (100) with the following features: a. the base adapter (20) has a first coupling device (30) for coupling to a tool interface (112) of the processing machine (100), and b. the base adapter (20) has a second coupling device (40) for coupling a tool carrier (70) to which the cutting tool (90) or the measuring tool is attached, and c. the base adapter (20) has at least one contact surface (42) for the contact of the tool carrier (70), characterized by the following additional features: d. the base adapter (20) has at least one gas channel (50) for checking the correct coupling of the base adapter (20) to the tool carrier (70), and e. the gas channel (50) extends from a gas inlet (52) to at least one gas outlet (58), wherein the at least one gas outlet (58) is provided on the contact surface (42), so that when the base adapter (20) is correctly coupled to the tool carrier (70), the gas outlet (58) is closed off by the tool carrier (70).

Description

FIELD OF APPLICATION AND PRIOR ARTThe invention relates to components of a system for coupling a machining tool or a measuring tool to a machining machine.In manufacture, there is a regular need to replace tools provided on processing machines with other tools. For this purpose, there are various standardized interfaces which allow simple replacement of the tool. This also includes the VDI tool holder according to DIN 69880.There is increasingly a need here for the tool change to be carried out automatically. However, not all tool interfaces are suitable for being handled in an automated manner in a simple manner. The VDI tool holder mentioned in accordance with DIN 69880 represents a tool interface which is difficult to automate for various reasons.In the context of automated tool changing, it is a particular challenge to check the correct coupling thereof after the tool has been coupled.OBJECT AND SOLUTIONThe object of the invention is to provide a tool change system which enables tool carriers provided on tool carriers to be easily automated to be coupled to and uncoupled from a machine tool and allows the correct coupling to be checked.To achieve this object, a basic adapter is primarily proposed, which serves for coupling a machining tool or a measuring tool to a machining machine.This basic adapter has a first coupling device for coupling to a tool interface of the machining tool. In particular, this coupling device can be designed in accordance with DIN 69880, for example, in order to be inserted into a tool turret of a processing machine such as a lathe.In addition, the base adapter has a second coupling device for coupling a tool carrier which in turn carries the machining tool or the measuring tool. This second coupling device is preferably provided on the base adapter on a side opposite the first coupling device. The two coupling devices are preferably provided on a one-piece base body.The basic adapter makes it possible, by means of the two coupling devices, on the one hand to be coupled to a conventional interface of a processing machine and, on the other hand, to serve in an exchangeable and in particular preferably automatically exchangeable manner for coupling the tool or a tool holder associated therewith.Pointing in the direction of the tool to be coupled, the basic adapter has at least one contact surface and preferably a plurality of contact surfaces separated from one another by interruptions. The tool to be coupled rests flat against this contact surface or against these contact surfaces by means of its tool carrier after correct coupling.The basic adapter according to the invention is designed in such a way that the correct coupling to the tool carrier can be checked by means of gas pressure. For this purpose, the base adapter has at least one gas channel. This gas channel extends from a gas inlet to at least one gas outlet.The gas channel has at least one gas outlet, but preferably a plurality of gas outlets. The at least one gas outlet is provided on the contact surface and penetrates the latter. In the case of a plurality of gas outlets, these are preferably provided at different points on the same contact surface or on different contact surfaces which are preferably situated in a common plane. In particular, a plurality of contact surfaces, preferably at least three or four contact surfaces, can be arranged surrounding the second coupling device and can each be connected to a gas outlet.The arrangement of the gas outlets is selected such that, when the tool carrier is correctly coupled, they are completely or largely tightly closed by a contact surface of the tool carrier. If, on the other hand, the tool carrier is not correctly coupled, at least one gas outlet is not tightly closed. If gas under pressure is now supplied to the base adapter from the outside, in particular compressed air, it can be determined on the basis of the dynamic pressure arising in the gas supply whether the tool carrier is fully correctly coupled and is in the desired position.The supply of gas for the purpose of checking the correct contact of the tool carrier takes place through a gas inlet on the base adapter. This gas inlet is preferably provided on an outer side of the base body. The gas inlet is in particular preferably also accessible from the outside when the base adapter is coupled to the processing machine and is not closed by the respectively coupled coupling devices.In particular, the gas inlet can be provided on a side surface of the base body of the base adapter between the first and the second coupling device, so that it remains accessible from the outside when the base adapter is coupled to the machining machine and the tool carrier is coupled to the base adapter.The second coupling device for coupling the tool holder to the base adapter preferably has at least one movable locking element, by means of which the tool carrier is secured to the base body of the base adapter. The locking element, which is preferably designed in the manner of a locking screw, is arranged in an aperture of the base body of the base adapter. The locking element is displaced within this aperture for fixing and releasing the tool carrier, in particular by means of an internal thread provided in the aperture, in order to optionally assume a locking position or a release position. In the outwardly displaced release position, the locking element does not prevent the tool carrier from being separated from the base adapter. In the locking position, the locking element locks the tool carrier on the base body.Preferably, the locking element is displaceable in a locking direction which is set opposite a coupling direction of the tool carrier with the base adapter. In particular, the locking direction and the coupling direction preferably enclose an angle between 60° and 90°, in particular a right angle. In its locking position, a front-side contact surface of the locking element preferably presses on the coupling device or into a coupling depression of the tool carrier and thereby secures the latter. In particular, the locking direction and / or the geometries of the locking element and the coupling device of the tool carrier can be selected such that the locking element presses the tool carrier against the contact surfaces of the base adapter when moved into a locking position.The locking element and the aperture in the base housing of the base adapter, in particular configured as a threaded bore, preferably serve, in addition to the main function of the locking, also preferably for forming the above-mentioned gas inlet into the gas channel. Gas, in particular compressed air, is thus supplied through the opening, which also serves to receive the locking element. The gas inlet can be formed directly by the aperture. However, it is preferred that the gas inlet is provided on the locking element in the aperture and the locking element is penetrated by a channel which is part of the gas channel of the base adapter.The dual function of the locking element as locking means for fixing the tool carrier and as gas inlet for checking the correct coupling of the tool carrier allows a compact construction and furthermore allows the use of an integrated tool which is provided both for the displacement and in particular the screwing in of the locking element and subsequently for checking the correct tool carrier position.The gas channel, which extends from the gas inlet, in particular the gas inlet at the opening of the locking element or at the locking element itself, to the at least one gas outlet at the at least one contact surface of the base adapter, is preferably equipped with a valve in order to prevent the entry of contaminants. The gas channel or the at least one gas outlet preferably has, at least in sections, a small cross-sectional area of less than 1 mm 2, in particular of less than 0.5 mm 2. The valve serves the purpose of preventing the entry of contaminants and causing blockages in the gas channel. This is particularly expedient because of the fine gas channels, since these would otherwise threaten to be closed by chips. This could lead to a dynamic pressure being set during the gas pressure test despite the tool carrier not being correctly coupled, which dynamic pressure is incorrectly interpreted to the effect that the tool carrier is in its desired position.The valve can be a pressure-dependently opening valve which is opened by the test gas pressure exerted on the base adapter. In this case, the valve opens in particular when the pressure applied from the outside to the gas inlet is higher than a pressure in the gas channel.Alternatively, the valve can also be designed as a switchable valve, which has an actuation section that is accessible from the outside and is actuated for the purpose of opening or closing the valve. This actuating section can be pressed in during the locking of a tool carrier by the corresponding tool in order subsequently to apply the test gas pressure to the base adapter. The valve preferably has a spring which presses the valve into a closed state and which is tensioned when the valve is opened.The valve is preferably provided on the outer side of the base adapter and thus on the gas inlet, so that the penetration of dirt and chips into the gas channel is largely prevented. In particular, the valve can be integrated into the displaceable locking element and in particular be provided at the inlet of the channel penetrating the locking element.As already explained at the beginning, the basic adapter is provided with a first coupling device which serves for attachment to an interface of the machining machine, for example to an interface on a tool turret of a lathe. Various types of interfaces are possible here. In particular, the first coupling device is preferably designed in accordance with DIN 69880 (VDI tool holder) known from tool holders. This means that the first coupling device has a coupling extension with a toothing, by means of which the base adapter can be coupled to corresponding interfaces of the processing machine. The basic adapter represents a type of intermediate element between the correspondingly equipped machining machine and the tool carrier.This makes it possible to achieve good automatability in this interface according to DIN 69880, which is not ideal for automated tool changing and automated tool coupling control, by means of the basic adapter according to the invention.Although the basic concept according to the invention seems particularly expedient in the case of basic adapters having a first coupling device in accordance with DIN 69880, other coupling devices can also be used for other known interfaces on the side of the processing machine.The second coupling device, by means of which the basic adapter is connected to the tool carrier, usually does not correspond to any systems already usual in the direct connection of tools to machine tools, such as HSK or Capto. However, it is also possible to design the second coupling device as an HSK or capto receptacle.A configuration is preferred in which the tool carrier has a coupling extension which is inserted into a coupling recess of the base adapters or is secured there by means of the above-mentioned locking element. The coupling recess of the tool carrier can form a part of the above-described gas channel.The plurality of gas outlets mentioned at the beginning are preferably arranged surrounding the coupling recess in the case of the presence of such a coupling recess. They are preferably provided on a plurality of mutually separated contact surfaces which surround the coupling recess circumferentially.The tool carrier itself can be formed integrally with the tool. However, such a configuration is not preferable. Instead, a construction is preferred in which the tool is detachably and interchangeably connected to the tool carrier, in particular a configuration in which the tool is attached to the tool carrier by a tool holder as an intermediate member.In addition to the basic adapter as such, the invention also relates to a set with such a basic adapter and a tool carrier that can be coupled thereto. The base adapter and the tool carrier are here adapted to one another in such a way that the tool carrier is able, with its side facing the base adapter, to close the at least one gas outlet. In the case of a plurality of gas outlets, the corresponding contact surface of the tool carrier has a shape which allows the simultaneous closing of all gas outlets.Furthermore, the basic adapter and the tool carrier are preferably designed with regard to their coupling devices in such a way that they are pressed against one another by the locking by means of the locking element of the basic adapter. This can be achieved in particular in that a depression, for example in the form of a bore or a groove extending transversely to the coupling direction, into which the locking element engages as intended during locking is provided on the outer side of a coupling extension of the tool carrier, wherein an axial offset is provided between the aperture in the base adapter and this depression, which, when the locking element is inserted into the depression, causes an axial tensile stress in the coupling extension of the tool carrier, which leads to the tool carrier bearing tightly against the bearing surface of the base adapter. Preferably, the mentioned depression merges into a circumferential groove on the coupling extension of the tool carrier in order to be able to bring a plurality of bores in the base adapter, which lead to the gas outlets, into communication with the gas inlet of the locking element.The tool carrier itself preferably has a receiving shaft for the insertion of the machining tool or the measuring tool. This can be, for example, a cylindrical shaft known from VDI tool holders, into which the tool is inserted, optionally with a tool holder attached thereto, and is secured there by means of a fastening screw. However, it can also be a receiving shaft for receiving a hollow shaft cone according to DIN 69893 or a receiving shaft compatible with the capto system (DIN ISO 26623). A receiving shaft for receiving a Morse cone may also be expedient depending on the application. However, the tool does not have to be attached to the tool carrier in a replaceable manner, but can also be connected thereto in a fixed manner or even in one piece.The kit according to the invention does not have to comprise the tool itself. Such a tool attached to the tool carrier, for example a drilling tool, a cutting tool, a sawing tool or a milling tool, can, however, be part of the set and be firmly or detachably connected to the tool carrier. In the case of a measuring tool, for example a measuring probe, the latter is preferably fixedly connected to the tool carrier, that is to say is not provided for routine replacement.In addition to the described set and the described basic adapter, the invention also relates to a tool for handling the basic adapter. This tool for releasing and fixing a tool carrier of the described type to a base adapter of the described type comprises a manipulator which comes into direct contact with the locking element of the base adapter as intended in order to bring it into its locking position, i.e. in particular to screw it in. The manipulator of the tool has a rotary section which can be attached to the locking element in particular in a positively locking manner and by means of which the locking element can be displaced and in particular rotated for the purpose of screwing in, so that a locked state of the tool carrier and an unlocked state of the tool carrier can be achieved as a result.The tool also has a gas supply, by means of which the gas inlet of the base adapter can be supplied with gas under overpressure. The uniform tool is accordingly designed for two sub-tasks, namely for the displacement of the locking element and for the pressurization of the base adapter with the gas test pressure provided after locking.The gas outlet of the tool is preferably provided on the rotary section itself, i.e. rotates with the locking element relative to the base adapter during a rotary movement of the rotary section. In particular, it can be provided that the rotating section has a non-round depression, which is provided for producing the mentioned form fit with respect to the locking element and within which the mentioned gas outlet is provided. This allows a uniform and quick locking process including the coupling check. The rotating section brings about the locking of the tool carrier and then remains in position in order to then supply the gas test pressure. The rotating section can furthermore be a carrier of an actuating surface in order to be able to open a switching valve provided on the locking element for the purpose of pressurizing.For supplying gas to the gas outlet of the tool, the manipulator preferably has a supply connection for supplying gas to the rotary section. In particular, the manipulator preferably has a supply connection carrier which is rotatable relative to the rotating section and preferably also relative to a tool base and on which the supply connection is provided. A construction has proven advantageous in which the supply connection carrier is formed as a casing component which at least partially surrounds the rotary section and the inner side of which forms a subsection of the gas feed with an outer side of the rotary section. The supply connection carrier is preferably freely rotatable with respect to the rotating section, so that a gas supply hose can be connected here, which does not rotate with the rotating section.A tool of the aforementioned type can in the simplest case be designed as a tool to be handled manually, in which the rotary section is acted upon manually with a moment. The considerations underlying the invention are, however, based in particular on the desire to create an automated or at least motor-assisted solution. The tool therefore preferably has an electric motor drive, by means of which the rotary section can be acted upon by torque.The tool is preferably equipped with a coupling interface for coupling to a robot. This robot has a robot arm to which the tool is attached. By means of the robot arm or another guide system, the tool is guided to the base adapter in order to release or lock a coupled tool carrier. The same robot arm or a second robot arm can be provided in order to separate a tool carrier from the base adapter or to bring a new tool carrier to the base body for subsequent locking. Such a robot with a tool of the described type or a combination of two robots or robot arms that together make possible the tool change represents a tool change system that also belongs to the invention.The invention also relates to a machining tool which has a tool interface for the exchangeable coupling of at least one tool. The processing machine has at least one basic adapter of the type described above attached to the interface. The tool interface is preferably designed in the manner of a turret interface for coupling a plurality of tools. In this case, a plurality of basic adapters are preferably provided, to which different tool carriers with different tools can be coupled as desired.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFurther advantages and aspects of the invention are evident from the claims and from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is explained below with reference to the figures. FIG. 1 shows a set according to the invention comprising a base adapter for attachment to a processing machine and a tool carrier for coupling to the base adapter. FIGS. 2 and 3 show the base adapter in a cut form. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the tool carrier in an insulated illustration. FIG. 6 shows a robotic tool for creating, releasing and testing the locking of the tool carrier to the base adapter. FIGS. 7 and 8 show a manipulator of the tool of FIG. 6. FIGS. 9A to 9C illustrate the coupling operation. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the gas pressure test, by means of which the correctly coupled state of the tool carrier on the base body is determined.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTFIG. 1 shows a set of a base adapter 20 and a tool carrier 70. the base adapter 20 is provided for attachment to a machine tool and has a first coupling device 30 for this purpose.The tool carrier 70 is provided for coupling to the base adapter 20. The intended use of the basic adapter 20 and the tool carrier 70 provides that the basic adapter is attached to a machining tool in the long term and the change of tools takes place by the insulated replacement of the tool carrier 70 with the tool coupled thereto or firmly provided thereon. In particular, the aforementioned set is intended to allow automated changing of the tool. Such an automated change including checking the coupling state is difficult at the VDI tool holder and simpler at the interface, which takes place as it were, between the base adapter 20 and the tool carrier 70.The base adapter 20 has a one-piece base body 22, which, in addition to the already described coupling extension 32, has a front-side main segment 38 which primarily forms a second coupling device 40 for coupling the tool carrier 70. A total of six separate contact surfaces 42 are provided on a front end face of the main segment 38 and are arranged in a common plane. An end face 73 of the tool carrier 70 pointing toward the contact surfaces 42 in FIG. 1 carries six elevations corresponding to the six contact surfaces 42 of the base adapter 20, which form tool carrier-side contact surfaces 78.The base adapter 20 centrally has a coupling recess 44 which is provided for receiving a coupling extension 72 of the tool carrier 70.For locking the tool carrier 70 after the coupling extension 72 has been moved into the coupling recess 44, the base adapter 20 has a locking element 60, in the present case in the form of a locking screw 60. It can be screwed in in order to secure the coupling extension 72 of the tool carrier 70 in the coupling recess 44, as will be explained in more detail below. In order to separate the tool carrier 70 from the base body 22, the locking screw 60 is slightly unscrewed. Subsequently, the tool carrier 70 can be pulled out forward.In order to check whether the tool carrier 70 is fixedly coupled to the desired position in the desired manner, the basic adapter 20 has provisions for being able to check this by means of gas pressure.The plant surfaces 42 are each provided with a fine gas outlet 58 of less than 1 mm 2 in cross section. A gas inlet 52 for feeding these six gas outlets 58 is provided in the locking screw 60 as is an inlet valve 66. A gas channel 50 connects the gas inlet 52 to the gas outlets 58 In the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, altogether six radial bores 56 are provided for this purpose in the base body 22 of the base adapter 20, which are part of the gas channel 50 and are fed by the locking screw 60 and by a depression 76 and an external groove 77 on the tool carrier 70. The six radial bores 56 are closed on the outside. The gas channel 50 extends from the bores 56 into adjoining axially extending bores 57 which lead to the gas outlets 58. In FIG. 2, one of the radially extending bores 56 with an axially extending bore 57 adjoining it is shown in dashed lines for the sake of clarity.In the coupled state of the basic adapter 20 and tool carrier 70, gas, in particular compressed air, can be fed from the outside into the gas channel 50, which then reaches the contact surfaces 42.If the tool carrier, which is again shown in an isolated position in FIGS. 4 and 5, is in its correctly coupled desired position, the contact surfaces 78 provided on its rear end face 73 bear tightly against the contact surfaces 42 of the base adapter 20 and close the gas outlets 58 provided there. If the tool carrier 70 is not correctly coupled, for example is not attracted sufficiently far enough to the contact surfaces 42 or else tilted as a whole, some or all of the gas outlets 58 are open.This difference can be detected when pressure is applied to the gas inlet 52. If, for example, a gas pressure of 2 bar is applied, a dynamic pressure of likewise approximately 2 bar is established in the gas feed to the basic adapter 20 when the gas outlets 58 are closed. If the coupling state is faulty and not all the system surfaces 78 are completely in contact with the gas outlets 58, a low pressure is established. The test system can be provided with an automatic evaluation which indicates a fault below 1.8 bar, for example.FIG. 6 shows a robot tool 200 for handling the locking element 60. the robot tool 200 is designed as an angle screwdriver and has an interface 202 for coupling to a robot arm. It further comprises a manipulator 210 at a distal end. A rotating section 220 can be subjected to torque with respect to a tool base 204 by means of an electric motor, not shown. The rotating section 220 has a depression 222 which is formed corresponding to the shape of the head of the locking screw 60, in the present case as an internal hexagonal edge corresponding to the external hexagonal edge of the locking screw 60.This allows the locking screw 60 to be screwed in by electric motor for the purpose of locking, preferably with a defined torque, and the locking screw 60 to be screwed out of the threaded bore by electric motor for the purpose of releasing the tool carrier 70 in order to be able to separate the tool carrier 70 from the base adapter 20.FIGS. 7 and 8 show the manipulator 210 in a separate illustration, wherein FIG. 7 shows a sectional illustration. It can be seen in particular from this FIG. 7 that a supply connection carrier 240 is rotatably pushed on the outside of the rotating section 220 in a rolling bearing-mounted manner. On this supply connection carrier 240, a supply connection 232 for coupling an air pressure hose is provided. The air flow supplied thereby passes through an intermediate space between the rotating section 220 and the supply connection carrier 240 into gas channels 233 and is conducted to an outlet at the bottom of the depression 222. Here, an actuating section 224 for opening the valve is provided, through which the air flows, which reaches the depression 222 via this.FIGS. 9A to 9C show a coupling process of the tool carrier 70 and the base adapter 20.Starting from the uncoupled state of FIG. 9A, the tool carrier 70 with the tool 90 attached thereto is supplied to the base adapter 20 on the side of the second coupling device 40. This can be effected in particular by means of a robot which guides the tool carrier 70 and inserts its coupling extension 72 into the coupling recess 44. The state of FIG. 9B is initially established in which the tool carrier 70 is already carried by the base adapter 20, but has not yet reached its desired position.Starting from this, the locking is effected by means of the tool 200. The tool 200 is brought up to the locking screw 60 that has not yet been screwed in, and the rotary section 220 is pushed onto the locking screw 60, so that the desired form fit is produced. The locking screw 60 is then screwed in, the distal end of the locking screw reaching the region of the depression 76, which at this time is still slightly offset with respect to the aperture 28. The continued screwing in of the locking screw 60, which is provided with a phase at its inner end, leads, on account of this offset, to the tool carrier 70 being pressed against the base adapter 20. As soon as the state of FIG. 9C is reached, for example determined on the basis of a specific target torque, the screwing-in process ends and the tool carrier 70 should now be in the desired position coupled to the base adapter.In order to test this, compressed air is now supplied via the rotary section 220 and the gas outlet 234 there. This compressed air can flow through the valve 66 opened by means of the actuating section 224 into the gas channel 50 of the base adapter 20 and thus reaches through the groove 77 and the bores 56, 57 as far as the gas outlets 58.If these gas outlets 58 are closed by the end face 73 of the tool carrier 70, the air cannot escape or can escape only in a small amount. A back pressure is therefore established which is only slightly lower than the supplied pressure. FIG. 10 illustrates this case in which the compressed air cannot escape or can hardly escape.FIG. 11 shows a different state in which the coupling was not successful, for example due to chips which have remained in the region of a contact surface 78. A gap remains here between a part of the contact surfaces 78 and the respectively opposite gas outlets 58, which gap allows the air to escape and which thus prevents the dynamic pressure from building up to the same extent as in the state of FIG. 10. The arrows 302 illustrate this.The lower dynamic pressure is measured by a pressure measuring device, not shown, and is used to signal the incorrectly coupled state and / or to block the workpiece machining until a correct coupling is present.A tool changing system based on the components mentioned and in particular with a tool 200 preferably has an evaluation unit which monitors the current coupling state and recognizes the correctly coupled state as well as the decoupled state of the tool carrier 70, so that subsequently the machining or the removal of the tool carrier 70 from the basic adapter 20 can be enabled. In addition to the described gas pressure test, the evaluation unit preferably also includes the torque achieved during locking and the number of revolutions of the locking element 60 during locking and release.

Claims

Basic adapter (20) for coupling a machining tool (90) or a measuring tool to a machining machine (100), having the following features: a. the basic adapter (20) has a first coupling device (30) for coupling to a tool interface (112) of the machining machine (100), and b. the basic adapter (20) has a second coupling device (40) for coupling a tool carrier (70) to which the machining tool (90) or the measuring tool is fastened, and c. the basic adapter (20) has at least one contact surface (42) for bearing the tool carrier (70), characterized bythe following additional features: d. the basic adapter (20) has at least one gas channel (50) for checking the correct coupling of the basic adapter (20) to the tool carrier (70), and e. the gas channel (50) extends from a gas inlet (52) to at least one gas outlet (58), wherein the at least one gas outlet (58) is provided on the contact surface (42), so that when the base adapter (20) is correctly coupled to the tool carrier (70), the gas outlet (58) is closed by the tool carrier (70).Basic adapter (20) according to Claim 1, having the following further feature: a. the basic adapter (20) has a plurality of gas outlets (58) in the region of the at least one contact surface (42).Basic adapter (20) according to Claim 2, having the following further feature: a. the basic adapter (20) has a plurality of separate contact surfaces (42), wherein gas outlets (58) are provided on at least two of these contact surfaces (42).Basic adapter (20) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the basic adapter (20) has a locking element (60) which is movable with respect to a basic body (22) of the basic adapter (20) and is arranged in an aperture (28) of the basic body (22) of the basic adapter (20) in a manner accessible from the outside and which locks the tool carrier (70) on the basic adapter (20) in a locking position.Basic adapter (20) according to Claim 4, having the following further feature: a. the locking element (60) is designed in the form of a locking screw (60) which can be screwed into the aperture (28) which is designed with an internal thread.Basic adapter (20) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the gas inlet (52) of the gas channel (50) is provided on an outer side of a basic body (22) of the basic adapter (20), so that it is accessible from the outside when the basic adapter (20) is coupled to the machining machine (100) and the tool carrier (70) is coupled to the basic adapter (20).Basic adapter according to claim 6, having the following further feature: a. the gas inlet (52) is formed by the aperture (28) of the locking element (60) or by a channel (64) penetrating the locking element (60).Basic adapter according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. a valve (66) is assigned to the gas inlet (52), preferably having one of the following additional features: b. the valve (66) is designed as a pressure-dependently opening valve (66) which opens when a pressure applied from the outside to the gas inlet (52) is higher than a pressure in the gas duct (50) of the basic adapter (20), or c. the valve (66) is designed as a switchable valve (66) which has an actuating section (68) which can be actuated from an outer side of the basic adapter (20) for opening or closing the valve (66).The base adapter (20) of claim 8 having the further feature: a. the valve (66) is integrated with the locking member (60) and opens and closes the channel (64) penetrating the locking member (60).Basic adapter (20) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the first coupling device (30) has a coupling extension (32) for insertion into the tool holder of the machining machine (100), which has a toothing (34).Basic adapter (20) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the second coupling device (40) has a coupling recess (44) for receiving a coupling extension (72) of the tool carrier (70).Basic adapter (20) according to Claim 11 having the following further feature: a. a plurality of contact surfaces (42) for the tool carrier (70) are provided on the basic adapter (20), surrounding the coupling recess (44).Set of a base adapter (20) and a tool carrier (70) couplable thereto, having the following features: a. the set comprises a base adapter (20) according to one of the preceding claims, and b. the set comprises a tool carrier (70) for coupling to the base adapter (20).Set according to claim 13 with the following further features: a. the tool carrier (70) has a coupling extension (72) against which the adapter-side locking element (60) abuts in the locked state, and b. the locking element (60) and the tool carrier (70) are matched to one another in such a way that, when the locking element (60) is displaced in the locking direction, the tool carrier (70) is pressed in the direction of its position pressed against the base adapter (20).Set according to claim 13 or 14, having the following further feature: a. the tool carrier (70) has a receiving shaft (74) for inserting the cutting tool (90) or the measuring tool.Set according to claim 15 with the following further feature: a. a tool (90) is fixed in the receiving shaft (74) of the tool carrier (70), in particular a drilling tool, a cutting tool, a sawing tool, a milling tool.Set according to claim 15 or 16, having the following further feature: a. the receiving shaft (74) of the tool carrier (70) is aligned with a coupling extension (72) of the tool carrier (70).Set according to one of claims 15 to 17 with the following further feature: a. the receiving shaft of the tool carrier is designed to receive a hollow shaft cone according to DIN 69893.Set according to one of claims 15 to 17 with the following further feature: a. the receiving shaft of the tool carrier is designed to receive a hollow shaft cone according to DIN ISO 26623.Set according to one of Claims 15 to 17, having the following further feature: a. the receiving shaft of the tool carrier is designed to receive a Morse cone.Set according to one of Claims 13 to 20 having the following further feature: a. the tool carrier (70) carries a measuring tool, in particular a measuring probe.Tool (200) for releasing and fixing a tool carrier (70) to a base adapter (20) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, having the following features: a. the tool (200) has a manipulator (210) for handling the locking element (60) of the base adapter (20), and b. the manipulator (210) has a rotary section (220) which can be attached to the locking element (60) in a positively locking manner and by means of which the locking element (60) can be rotated, with the result that a locked state of the tool carrier (70) and an unlocked state of the tool carrier (70) can be achieved in this way, and c. the manipulator (210) has a gas feed (230) by means of which a gas inlet (52) of the base adapter (20) can be acted on with gas under overpressure.The tool (200) of claim 22, having the additional feature: a. a gas outlet (234) of the gas supply (230) is provided at the rotating portion (220).The tool (200) according to claim 23, having the following additional feature: a. the rotating section (220) has a non-round depression (222), which is provided for establishing the form fit with the locking element (60), and b. the gas outlet (234) is provided within the non-round depression (222).Tool (200) according to one of claims 22 to 24, having the following additional feature: a. the manipulator (210) has a supply connection (232) for supplying gas to the rotating section (220).Tool (200) according to claim 25, having the following additional feature: a. the manipulator (210) has a supply connection carrier (240), which is movable relative to the rotating section (220) and on which the supply connection (232) is provided.Tool (200) according to claim 26 with the following additional feature: a. the supply connection carrier (240) is designed as a sheath component at least partially surrounding the rotating section (220), the inner side of which forms a subsection of the gas supply (230) with an outer side of the rotating section (220).Tool (200) according to one of Claims 21 to 27, having the following additional feature: a. the tool (200) has an electromotive drive, by means of which the rotary section (220) can be subjected to torque.Machining machine (100) having the following features: a. the machining machine (100) has at least one tool interface (112) for the exchangeable coupling of at least one tool, and b. the machining machine (100) has at least one basic adapter (20) according to one of Claims 1 to 12.Machining machine (100) according to claim 29 with the following additional feature: a. the tool interface (112) is designed in the manner of a turret interface for coupling a plurality of tools.Tool change system for the automated exchange of tools held on tool carriers (70) on a machine tool according to claim 29 with the following features: a. the tool change system has a tool (200) according to one of claims 21 to 28 for releasing and fixing a tool carrier (70) on the base adapter (20), and b. the tool change system has a displacement system, preferably in the form of a robot, by means of which the rotary section (220) can be fed to the base adapter (20).

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