Fire protection board or lining

Abstract

Fire protection panel or lining (1), comprising a flat carrier (2) made of a fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant, and b. a first outer functional or decorative layer (4) connected to the carrier (2) and applied by screen printing.

Description

The invention relates to a fire protection panel or fire protection lining, in particular for use in lightweight construction.Effective fire protection for preventing fires and their spread is becoming increasingly important. This applies not only to buildings but also to vehicles, for example ships, aircraft, motor vehicles and rail vehicles, and here in particular to vehicle cabins. Cabins (gondolas) of cableways should also be mentioned in this context. At the same time, lightweight constructions are increasingly being used to save weight and material, which can lead to problems with the required fire protection. In addition, particularly in the case of structural parts with visible surfaces, for example of walls and ceilings in aircraft cabins, motor vehicle cabins, nacelles, ship rooms, etc., a functional and / or appealing decoration is also important, which however must be fire-resistant.Fire protection panels are known in principle, for example from EP 0 208 227 A1, EP 1 650 370 A2 or WO 2015 / 056138 A1.However, there is a need for fire protection panels or liners that have reliable fire protection, lightweight construction and visually appealing or functionally visible surface.It is an object of the present invention to provide such a fire protection panel or fire protection lining.According to the invention, the object is achieved in a first aspect by a fire protection panel or fire protection lining comprising a. a flat carrier made of a fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant, and b. a first outer functional or decorative layer which is connected to the carrier and applied by means of screen printing.The fire protection panel or fire protection lining according to the invention has a flame-resistant flat carrier which has an outer decorative layer connected thereto. The fire protection panel or fire protection lining according to the invention can be used in many places, for example as lining of rooms, aisles, cabins and the like in buildings or vehicles, but also for lining containers, for example for enclosing batteries or storage batteries. The fire protection panel or liner according to the present invention is simple in construction and can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and used. It can provide lightweight constructions with effective fire protection, for example, and is suitable both for new installations, for example direct installation in new buildings, new vehicles or enclosures, and for retrofitting existing facilities. At the same time, the outer functional or decorative layer, which in the inserted state of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining is preferably oriented such that it is accessible to visual and / or haptic perception by persons in rooms, ducts, cabins or the like, can serve to impart a functional and / or appealing appearance to the panel. A functional exterior can include, for example, a tactile relief-like configuration, for example for the haptic guidance of persons, e.g. in the event of a fire, or else optically perceptible information, for example text information, logos, pictograms or the like. In addition, the functional or decorative layer can serve for optically embedding the fire protection panel or fire protection lining in an environment or optically emphasizing the fire protection panel or fire protection lining with respect to an environment. The fire protection panel or fire protection lining opens up the possibility, owing to the flame-resistant provision of the support and owing to the functional or decorative layer, of direct and uncovered use in interior and exterior regions of buildings and vehicles which are accessible to persons. By using a functional or decorative layer applied by means of screen printing, the use of films, e.g. plastic films, which are disadvantageous from a fire protection perspective can be avoided.A "fire protection panel or lining" is understood here to mean a preferably flexurally rigid, dimensionally stable or rigid planar element for covering, arrangement before or at least partially enclosing, sheathing or sheathing rooms, installations, articles and the like which are to be protected from flame action. The term also includes, for example, a planar element for enclosing a self-flammable object, for example a (rechargeable) battery. The term "flexurally rigid or rigid planar element" does not exclude the element being shaped, i.e. initially flexurally soft or moldable, and, if appropriate after a suitable molding process for shaping the element, becoming flexurally rigid by a curing process, e.g. by curing a resin. The term "fire protection" in relation to the "fire protection panel or lining" means that the panel or lining is made fire-resistant by means of at least one flame retardant, for example an intumescent and / or ablation building material. The terms "flexurally rigid", "dimensionally stable" or "rigid" are used interchangeably here with reference to the "fire protection panel or lining", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "fire protection panel or lining" also includes the lining of any hollow body.A "flat carrier" is understood here to mean a substantially flat substrate, i.e. a substrate which expands to an appreciable extent in only two dimensions. An example of a flat carrier in the sense of the invention is, for example, a preferably non-combustible woven fabric or laid scrim, e.g. a glass fiber woven fabric or laid scrim, or a woven fabric or laid scrim of carbon or aramid fibers, or of a mixture of glass, carbon and / or aramid fibers. The term "carrier" also includes reinforcing layers made of, for example, glass or plastic fibers.A "fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant" is understood to mean a composite material comprising a matrix comprising a flame retardant and fibers embedded therein. For example, they can be glass fibers, carbon fibers (carbon fibers), aramid fibers or a mixture thereof, which are embedded in a matrix comprising a flame retardant or impregnated with a matrix comprising a flame retardant in the form of a nonwoven, laid scrim, braid, knitted fabric or woven fabric. For example, it may be a laid scrim or woven fiber, for example laid fiberglass scrim or woven fiber, which is embedded in a matrix, for example synthetic resin matrix, which is set flame-resistant by means of a flame retardant. The term includes a flame-retarded or formed matrix, e.g., a synthetic resin matrix, for example a polymer matrix, having one or more fibrous scrims or fabrics embedded therein, e.g., fiberglass scrims or fabrics. For example, it can be a multiaxial glass fiber scrim embedded in a flame-resistantly adjusted matrix or impregnated with the matrix. The matrix may be unfilled or filled. An unfilled matrix is understood to mean a matrix, for example a polymer matrix, which itself does not contain any additional particles or fibers, for example glass or carbon microspheres, as filler material. Such a fiber composite material impregnated with a first flame retardant can be produced, for example, by infusing a synthetic resin, which is initially low-viscosity and is provided or formed in a flame-retardant manner, into a laid scrim, for example multiaxial glass fiber laid scrim. The term "a fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant" includes a fiber laid scrim or fabric being coated with a flame-retardantly adjusted matrix such that the fiber laid scrim or fabric is at least partially embedded in the matrix. The term "a fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant" further includes a fiber composite material impregnated with a first flame retardant. A "fiber composite material impregnated with a first flame retardant" is understood to mean a composite material made of a fiber material, e.g. glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber or mixed fiber material, which is infused with a flame-retardantly adjusted matrix, i.e. a matrix, e.g. plastic matrix, added with a flame retardant or consisting of a flame retardant.The term "flat carrier made of a fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant" includes a carrier which is set flame-resistant by means of the first flame retardant and is enclosed, for example cast, in a plastic matrix, e.g. an epoxy resin matrix.A "flame retardant", optionally also referred to as a "flame retardant additive", is understood here to mean a substance or a substance composition which develops a fire-retardant effect, i.e. a retarding or preventing effect restricting the propagation of a fire. Examples of flame retardants are intumescent materials (insulating film formers) such as expandable graphite or water-releasing substances (ablation building materials) such as aluminum hydroxide. The term also includes two or more different substances or substance compositions which act independently of one another or synergistically together in a fire-retarding manner.The term "flame retardant layer" denotes a layer which comprises at least one flame retardant, for example an insulating layer former.An "insulating layer former" or "intumescent material" is understood here to mean a material which has a comparatively low volume at room temperature and experiences a marked increase in volume under the action of heat, preferably beginning at 150° C. to 200° C., preferably with the generation of a considerable inflation pressure of, for example, 1-2 N / mm 2. As a rule, in the case of such a material, a highly heat-insulating, largely thermally stable foam layer is formed under the action of heat, i.e. when a specific temperature referred to as "reaction temperature" is exceeded, for example 150° C., which foam layer protects the materials lying behind or enclosed by it. The foam factor, i.e. the ratio between the layer thickness of the insulating layer former in the foamed state and the layer thickness of the insulating layer former before foaming, is preferably at least 1.5, more preferably at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 or at least 10, particularly preferably at least 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60.An "ablation building material" is understood to mean ablatively acting materials which expand only comparatively little when heat is applied, but which remove thermal energy from the environment as a result of chemical and / or physical processes and thereby bring about cooling of the carrier material coated with the ablation building material. The ablation component can, for example, chemically change by endothermic reactions, for example ceramizing, or evaporating, subliming or melting. The ablation building material may include, for example, hydrates that release water vapor upon heating. In addition, the ablation component can optionally release substances which have a flame-retardant effect. After completion of the chemical and / or physical processes, a noncombustible composition frequently remains, which additionally has a thermally insulating effect. The term "ablation former" is used interchangeably herein with the term "ablation building material".The "reaction temperature of a flame retardant" or the "reaction temperature of a flame retardant layer" is understood here to mean the temperature at which the flame retardant effect of the flame retardant begins, for example an intumescent substance or water releases. In the case of a plurality of different flame retardants, this expression preferably relates to the substance or the substance composition having the highest proportion and / or having the lowest reaction temperature.An "outer functional or decorative layer applied by means of screen printing" is understood to mean a functional or decorative layer applied by means of a screen printing method, which, in the case of the fire protection panel or lining, forms an outer layer and thus a visible or tactile layer, which is not covered by a further layer, with the exception, if appropriate, of a transparent protective layer, for example a protective lacquer layer. Screen printing is a known stencil printing process in which ink or lacquer is applied to a material to be printed through a fine mesh fabric.A "multiaxial laid scrim" is understood to mean a laid scrim of individual fibers, e.g. glass, carbon or aramid fibers, which, unlike in the case of a woven fabric, are not interwoven with one another, but are laid essentially parallel to one another and are optionally connected to one another. Multiaxial laid scrims can also be multilayer, wherein superposed fiber layers can be arranged at an angle (with respect to the longitudinal extent of the fibers) to one another. Different fiber materials can be combined to form a hybrid laid scrim.The fire protection panel or fire protection lining comprises a flat carrier and a functional or decorative layer applied by screen printing and connected to the carrier. The functional or decorative layer can be arranged directly on the carrier or optionally be connected indirectly to the carrier via a further layer applied to the carrier, for example a flame retardant layer. Preferably, however, the functional or decorative layer is arranged directly on the carrier. The functional or decorative layer applied by means of screen printing can be produced using known screen printing inks. The screen printing ink(s) may be (may) water-based, for example. However, plastisol paints are also suitable, for example. Preferably, these are printing inks with low flame propagation. The functional or decorative layer can have a thickness of, for example, 20-100, preferably 30-80 or 30-70 μm. The functional or decorative layer may comprise an ink layer with a transparent glossy or matt protective layer applied thereon. As already described further above, a relief-like surface structure can also be produced by means of screen printing, for example by means of a relief varnish. The surface structure can thus also be configured, for example, such that a haptic guidance function, for example for a fire, is generated by the surface, for example, in that the surface provides a rougher haptic in one direction than in an opposite direction. The functional or decorative layer can optionally be set flame-resistant with a flame retardant. The flame retardant can be an ablation former or an insulating layer former.The fire protection panel or fire protection lining can have any desired planar shape. For example, it can be substantially rectangular. The fire protection panel or fire protection lining can also have other blanks. The fire protection panel or fire protection lining does not have to be planar. Rather, it can also be shaped in different ways in the third dimension, for example have a wavy or serrated shape.The matrix of the fiber composite material comprising a first flame retardant, preferably impregnated with a first flame retardant, is preferably an unfilled matrix, and can consist, for example, of a low-viscosity infusion resin. Such low viscosity infusion resins are known to those skilled in the art.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining, the planar carrier is enclosed in a synthetic resin, preferably in epoxy resin. For example, the carrier can be cast into a synthetic resin, e.g. epoxy resin. In this embodiment, the carrier comprises a fiber material embedded in or infused with a flame-resistant plastic matrix, wherein the plastic matrix comprising the fiber material is enclosed, for example embedded or cast, in a synthetic resin. The fiber material can comprise, for example, one or more glass fiber mats. The functional or decorative layer is preferably arranged directly on an outer surface of the carrier enclosed by the synthetic resin. The formulation according to which the functional or decorative layer is arranged directly on the carrier is to be understood in this embodiment, in which the carrier comprises a synthetic resin matrix, in which the flame-resistantly adjusted composite fiber material is enclosed, in such a way that the functional or decorative layer is applied directly on the synthetic resin matrix layer.In a preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention, the first flame retardant is an ablation former or an insulating layer former, preferably an insulating layer former.In a preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining according to the invention, the carrier comprises a fiber composite material impregnated with the first flame retardant. Particularly preferably, the carrier comprises a non-combustible woven fabric or laid scrim. As non-combustible woven or laid scrim there comes into consideration, for example, a mineral woven or laid scrim, for example a glass fiber woven or laid scrim, a metallic woven or laid scrim, or a woven or laid scrim of other suitable fibers, for example carbon or aramid fibers. Preferably, the fabric or laid scrim consists of glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, or a mixture thereof, or comprises glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, or a mixture thereof. Fabrics or laid scrims made of glass fibers are preferred.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining, the carrier comprises a multiaxial laid scrim, carbon fiber scrim and / or aramid fiber scrim impregnated with the first flame retardant. Such a fire protection panel or fire protection lining has particularly advantageous stability properties and fire protection properties in the event of a fire.An embodiment of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining as described above can be used advantageously in many fields. It is comparatively light and flat, and thus also easy to handle. For example, such a plate may have a thickness (thickness) of 1-20 mm. Larger plate thicknesses, for example up to 50 mm, are also possible.In a preferred embodiment, the fire protection panel or fire protection lining according to the invention comprises a second outer functional or decorative layer opposite the first outer functional or decorative layer. The second outer functional or decorative layer is likewise applied by means of screen printing. In this embodiment of sandwich construction, the fire protection panel or fire protection lining has an outer functional or decorative layer on each side. Such a panel can be used, for example, as a lightweight wall or partition wall of rooms. The second functional or decorative layer can be arranged directly on the carrier or on a further layer, for example a flame retardant layer, which is arranged between the carrier and the second functional or decorative layer.In a preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining, the carrier has a noncombustible foam layer on a surface facing away from the functional or decorative layer, preferably a noncombustible PU layer with inner glass fiber bridges, i.e. with glass fibers or glass fibers arranged in the foam layer at an angle towards the surfaces of the foam layer. A second functional or decorative layer can be arranged on the foam layer, for example.In a further preferred embodiment of the fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention, the panel has at least one further layer on the side opposite the first functional or decorative layer. For example, a flame retardant layer comprising a second flame retardant may be arranged on the side. The second flame retardant may be different from the first flame retardant, and may be an ablation former or an insulating film former. Preferably, the second flame retardant is an insulating film former. In addition, a foam layer as described above can also be arranged there. In addition, as described above, a second outer functional or decorative layer can also be present. For example, a layer construction is possible as follows: a) first functional or decorative layer - carrier - foam layer - flame retardant layer, b) first functional or decorative layer - carrier - foam layer - second outer functional or decorative layer, or c) first functional or decorative layer - carrier - foam layer - flame retardant layer - second functional or decorative layer. The foam layer can also be dispensed with, for example.The fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention can be used advantageously for fire protection of a room or container contents, wherein the first functional or decorative layer is preferably facing the room in the case of fire protection of a room, and is preferably facing away from the container contents in the case of fire protection of a container contents. The first functional or decorative layer can, however, also be facing the container contents in this case. In the case of a sandwich construction of the lining, one of the functional or decorative layers can be turned away from the container contents and the other turned towards the container contents. The term "room" is not to be understood here as being limited to rooms in buildings or ships, for example. Rather, the term covers any spatial region that is at least partially enclosed or enclosed, and includes passenger cabins of vehicles, e.g. land vehicles, watercraft, aircraft and cableways. The fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention is used in such a way that the first functional or decorative layer can be at least partially seen and / or touched.The invention is explained in greater detail below by way of example with reference to figures and preferred embodiments. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention. FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a fire protection panel or cladding according to the invention.FIG. 1 shows schematically and simplified a cross section through an embodiment of a fire protection panel or fire protection lining 1 according to the invention. The illustration shows a planar, here planar, carrier 2, for example a composite of a flame-resistant polymer matrix with a multiaxial glass fibre scrim embedded therein. The polymer matrix can be set flame-resistant, for example, with an insulating film former. A first functional or decorative layer 4 applied by means of screen printing is arranged with its second surface 42 on a first surface 21 of the carrier 2. No further layer is applied here on the surface 22 of the carrier 2 opposite the first surface 21. The functional or decorative layer 4 is the outermost layer of the fire protection panel or lining 1 according to the invention. The first surface 41 of the functional or decorative layer 4 is thus the outer surface of the fire protection panel or lining 1.FIG. 2 shows schematically and simplified a cross section through a further embodiment of a fire protection panel or cladding 1 according to the invention. The carrier 2 in this embodiment therefore comprises a composite material, enclosed in a synthetic resin layer 23, made of a plastic matrix with a fiber material embedded therein or infused therewith. Preferably, it is a glass fibre composite material. Such an embodiment can be produced, for example, as follows: a glass fibre laid scrim is embedded by means of a calender into a plastics layer which is set flame-resistant by means of flame retardants. The composite material layer of flame-resistantally adjusted plastic layer and glass fibre laid scrim is embedded, for example cast, in a synthetic resin layer 23. If necessary, any air inclusions can be removed by vacuuming. After the curing of the synthetic resin layer 23, a first functional or decorative layer 4 can be applied by means of screen printing on the first surface 21 of the carrier 2 here comprising a synthetic resin layer 23.FIG. 3 shows schematically and simplified a cross section through a further embodiment of a fire protection panel or cladding 1 according to the invention. in this embodiment, a foam layer 3 and a flame retardant layer 7 comprising a second flame retardant are arranged below the carrier 2, i.e. on the side of the carrier 2 facing away from the first functional or decorative layer 4. The foam layer 3 is reinforced by means of glass bridges 6, runs diagonally through the foam layer 3, and is arranged directly on the second surface 22 of the carrier 2. The flame retardant layer 7 is again arranged directly on the surface of the foam layer 3 facing away from the carrier 2. A second functional or decorative layer 5 is arranged directly on the surface of the flame retardant layer 7 facing away from the carrier 2 and forms here a second outer layer of the fire protection panel or fire protection lining 1. Further variants with further layers, for example cork layers, lying between the outer functional or decorative layers 4, 5 are also possible.References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedEP 0 208 227 A1

[0003] EP 1 650 370 A2

[0003] WO 2015 / 056138 A1

[0003]

Claims

Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) comprising a. a flat carrier (2) made of a fibre composite material comprising a first flame retardant, and b. a first outer functional or decorative layer (4) connected to the carrier (2) and applied by means of screen printing.Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to claim 1, comprising a flat carrier (2) made of a fibre composite material comprising a first flame retardant, enclosed in synthetic resin (23), preferably in epoxy resin.Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first flame retardant is an ablation former or an insulating layer former, preferably an insulating layer former.Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier (2) comprises a fibre composite material impregnated with the first flame retardant.Fire protection panel or lining (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrier (2) comprises a non-combustible woven fabric or laid scrim, and wherein the woven fabric or laid scrim consists of or comprises glass fibres, carbon fibres, aramid fibres or a mixture thereof.Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to claim 5, wherein the carrier comprises a multiaxial laid scrim, carbon fibre and / or aramid fibre scrim impregnated with the first flame retardant.Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier (2) has a non-combustible foam layer (3), preferably a non-combustible PU layer with inner glass fibre bridges, on a surface (22) facing away from the first functional or decorative layer (4).Fire protection panel or fire protection lining (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a second outer functional or decorative layer (5) opposite the first functional or decorative layer (4).

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