Frame-free door

Abstract

A frameless door comprising a door leaf (1) having two sides and a predetermined thickness, and a casing (6) for fastening to a wall (2, 3) which can be chosen between a masonry wall (2) and a plaster wall (3), the door leaf (1) being fastened to the casing (6) by means of hinges (11) and the casing (6) having a projection (7) intended to serve as a stop when closing the door leaf (1), the door being characterized in that: - the formwork (6) is made of wood, - one side of the door leaf (1) is connected to the wall (2, 3) by a decorative strip (8) which serves as a transition element for the alignment of the door leaf (1) to the wall (2, 3).

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a door with a door leaf which ends flush with the wall in which it is accommodated without the need to use a frame, and with the particular feature that the door leaf is fastened to the wall by means of a wooden formwork. In this way, no structural measures are required to convert an existing door into a door free of frames, and it is substantially less expensive to implement.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe prior art has hardly changed in the development of door technology.Most of these technologies are directed to protection against unauthorized access. Thus, structurally reinforced doors, security locks with anchors, interior locking systems, and the like have been developed.A second approach is focused on improving the appearance of the doors. Advances have been made in sliding doors, folding doors and systems that fuse the door to the interior of a house and make it an additional decorative element.A further advance in this field is so-called invisible doors, in which the door panels have a surface which is camouflaged in the wall in which they are located, in which no frames are used and whose surface is similar to that of the wall. In view of this latter point, metal formworks are used to fasten the door to the wall, to give the overall structure the necessary rigidity and stability and to resist the permanent impacts of the door during closing.These metal formworks are constructions which are embedded in the wall with the dimensions of the door leaf, both in width and height and in thickness. Its advantage is the robustness they confer during installation. However, the metal formworks also have a number of disadvantages.The first drawback is that although only one edge of the metal formwork is visible in the visible area of the wall and can be easily camouflaged, in the interior area, in the thickness of the wall, the formwork is completely exposed not only because the door leaf does not have the same thickness and width as the wall, so that an area of the formwork is always visible but also when the door is left open or open. In this case, it is very difficult to adapt the surface of the door leaf to the metal surface of the frame, especially if the door leaf is usually made of wood and has a grained surface.However, the metal formwork has a second drawback, which is more important than the first one and which is decisive for the implementation of this type of solution. This drawback is that installing a metal formwork on an already installed door requires the metal formwork to be inserted into the wall, which means that the gap present has to be enlarged and construction work has to be performed, which entails not only a long completion time but also a high cost and an unpleasant situation in a home which is usually still resident while the work is being performed.The present invention avoids these problems by providing a wall-camouflaged door which is installed directly without construction work but only at the level of the table mill and which is identical in construction to that of the existing door leaf, since the formwork can be selected not only for wood construction by colour and finish but also in any desired colour prior to installation, the painting being identical since the formwork is made of the same material as the door leaf.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONAs already mentioned, the present invention relates to a door with a door leaf which ends flush with the wall in which it is accommodated without the need to use a frame, and in which the door leaf is fixed to the wall by means of a wooden formwork instead of a metal formwork and the resulting stiffness and lack of flexibility with respect to the installation conditions. The invention thus offers an enormous improvement with regard to the installation process and a cost reduction compared to the prior art.The installation of a door in a wall requires the prior installation of the formwork in which the door is to be anchored. This formwork consists of a front formwork which has a similar width to the wall, is firmly fastened to the wall and has a thickness which ensures sufficient rigidity and stability. The formwork also comprises a fairing which is fixed to the front formwork and forms the visible part, the door receiving the hinges in one of the vertical rails and the closer for receiving the latch in the other vertical rail.Due to the approach according to the invention to realize a camouflaged door in a wall, the door preferably has concealed hinges.If necessary, but more and more frequently, the formwork is also fastened directly to the wall, so that the front formwork can be omitted. This results in considerable savings in the costs and the construction of the installation, so that the front formwork belongs to the past.The formwork has an L-shaped configuration with a projection which is intended to serve as a stop for the door leaf.The door according to the invention can, like conventional doors, optionally be equipped with a front formwork. It also makes it possible to avoid the installation of the formwork in the upper cross beam, so that the door leaf is flush directly with the ceiling, wherein the formwork of the rail is sufficient as a stop.It does not matter whether it is a masonry wall or a wall of fiber cement boards, gypsum board or similar material. In any event, the latter type of wall - plaster wall - is considered in this specification as an inner wall in generic form and not restrictive.The door must have a minimum thickness, because if the thickness of the door leaf is below a certain minimum, the door is unstable and will not function properly.The invention has two configurations, so that the thickness of the door leaf can be equal to or less than the thickness of the wall. In the first case, the door leaf is flush with the wall on both sides. In the second case, the door is flush with the wall on one side only, and the opening can be to the flush side or to the opposite side.Therefore, the invention is summarized as follows.The invention relates to a frameless door comprising a door leaf with two sides and a certain thickness and a formwork for attachment to a wall, which may be a masonry or a plaster wall, wherein the door leaf is attached to the formwork by means of hinges and the formwork comprises a protrusion for holding the door leaf open upon closing.The formwork of the door is made of wood, which is the main feature of the invention and is offered for reasons of functionality and cost saving. Moreover, one side of the door leaf is aligned flush with the wall by a decorative strip which serves as a transition element for the alignment of the door leaf with the wall.Furthermore, the front side of the door leaf is preferably flush with the decorative strip through the formwork, which is in turn flush with the door leaf.Preferably, the formwork is also made of the same material and in the same embodiment as the door leaf. Since the door panels are made of wood, the formwork can be selected in advance to select not only the type of wood but also the surface, not only in terms of hue and grain but also in terms of color when painted.On the other hand, the door leaf is preferably thicker than 65 mm and may even have the thickness of the wall into which it is inserted, so that it is flush on both sides with the wall into which it is inserted. The reason for the selection of this minimum is the problem of doors with a smaller thickness, in which dimensional and dimensional instabilities frequently occur depending on the size of the door leaf.To improve the aesthetic appearance, the existing joint between the wall and the decorative strip is filled over the entire length with a glass fibre mat which is subsequently tinted with cement in order to achieve the desired alignment.If, on the other hand, the door leaf is fastened to the trim strip by means of the formwork, the connecting edges of the two elements can be beveled, so that no adaptation is required in order to make the two elements perfectly flush. Subsequently, the gap resulting from the chamfering of the two elements can be provided with a filler material, for example a filler compound, so that the surface is perfectly aligned. If this is not the case, a joint is formed at the transition between the decorative strip and the wall, which joint has to be filled with a glass fibre film and filler compound.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSIn addition to the description contained herein, and in order to make the features of the invention better understood according to a preferred practical exemplary embodiment, the description is accompanied by a series of drawings forming an integral part thereof, in which the following is presented by way of illustration and not by way of limitation: FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the door according to the invention, which is connected to a wall, wherein the hinges are located in an intermediate region of their thickness, so that the opening of the door leaf lies in the direction of the region which ends not flush with the wall. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the door of FIG. 1 connected to a wall, with the hinges being in an end portion of its thickness such that the opening of the door leaf extends toward the portion flush with the wall. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the door from FIG. 1, which is connected to a wall, wherein the two sides of the door leaf end flush with the two sides of the wall. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the door according to the invention, which is connected to a wall, wherein the hinges are located in an intermediate region of their thickness, so that the opening of the door leaf lies in the direction of the region which ends not flush with the wall. FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the door of FIG. 4 connected to a wall, wherein the hinges are located in an end region of its thickness, such that the opening of the door leaf runs in the direction of the region flush with the wall. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the door from FIG. 4, which is connected to a wall, wherein the two sides of the door leaf end flush with the two sides of the wall.In the following, they find a list of references used in the figures to facilitate orientation for them: 1 door leaf 2 masonry wall 3 plaster wall 4 gypsum plaster boards 5 front formwork 6 formwork 7 formwork projection 8 decorative strip 9 decorative strip 10 wall strip alignment joint 11 hingesPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTIONAs described above, the present invention relates to a door whose door leaf (1) ends flush with the wall into which it is inserted without the need to use a frame, and with the particular feature that the door leaf (1) is fastened to the wall (2, 3) by means of a wooden formwork (6), so that no construction work is required to adapt an existing door to a frameless door like the one according to the invention.The door according to the invention consists of a door leaf (1) and a formwork (6) which is fastened to a masonry (2) or to a plaster wall (3) made of gypsum board (4) or a similar material. It also comprises hinges (11) for fastening the door leaf (1) to the formwork (6).The formwork (6) can be fastened to the wall (2, 3) either directly or with the aid of a front formwork (5). In any case, the formwork (6) is only required on the vertical rails of the door, while the door is completely released on the upper horizontal cross beam. In these cases, especially when the doors reach to the ceiling, formwork (6) in the cross beam is normally avoided.FIG. 1 shows the door according to the invention in a first embodiment. It shows that the door leaf (1) terminates flush with the wall (2, 3) on the side facing away from the hinges (11), so that the door leaf (1) opens in the direction of the non-flush region. The figure shows that the formwork (6) does not protrude outwards to be flush with the door leaf (1), but remains in an intermediate region of the thickness of the wall (2, 3) where it is concealed by a decorative strip (8) which represents the element with which the door leaf (1) is aligned and adjusted flush with the wall (2, 3). In this way, the door leaf (1) is flush with the trim strip (8), which in turn is a continuation of the wall (2, 3), the three elements being flush and continuous.In order to prevent the door leaf (1) from hitting the decorative strip (8) during closing, the formwork (6) has a projection (7) which serves as a stop. In this way, the door leaf (1) abuts the projection (7) when closing and avoids direct contact with the much more sensitive decorative strip (8), so that it is prevented from cracking due to continuous impacts over time.On the inside, the door leaf (1) is aligned flush with the formwork (6) in an intermediate region of the wall thickness (2, 3). In this inner area a decorative strip (9) is used which covers the corner of the wall (2, 3) mainly to prevent the material connection from becoming visible in the corner.However, the figure shows that the door leaf (1) has continuity with the formwork (6) in the inner region, even if the door leaf (1) is closed. In this case, the aesthetic design of the formwork (6) represents one of the advantages of the invention. In this case, it can also be seen that the opening of the door leaf (1) is delimited by the recess of the door leaf (1) with respect to the wall (2, 3), since the door leaf (1) is thinner than the wall (2, 3). In this case, the hinge (11) is located in an intermediate region of the wall (2, 3) which causes the door leaf (1) to strike the corner of the wall (2, 3) when it is opened as soon as 90 degrees are exceeded, whereby the opening remains limited.FIG. 2 illustrates a solution to this problem, wherein in the case of the door according to the invention the door leaf (1) ends flush with the wall (2, 3) in the region of the hinges (11), such that the door leaf (1) is opened into the flush region. As shown in this figure, the concept is the same as in Figure 1, except that this time the door leaf (1) can be opened further, since the hinge (11) is practically flush with the wall (2, 3) and is not obstructed in any way.Figure 3 shows the door according to the invention, in which the door leaf (1) has the same thickness as the wall (2, 3) in which it is installed.Regardless of whether the door is installed in a masonry wall (2) or in a plaster wall (3), both wall types (2, 3) have a decorative strip (8) on both sides, so that the door leaf (1) is flush with the wall (2, 3) not only on both sides of the door but also on both sides.In the solutions presented in this first embodiment, it can be seen that there is always a joint (10) between the decorative strip (8) and the wall (2, 3). This joint (10) must be covered with a sheet of glass fibre, which is placed in the gap over the entire length of the two surfaces it separates, in order to then be coated with filling material so that the decorative strip (8) and the wall (2, 3) are perfectly aligned.From the three embodiments described it is clear that the fact that the formwork (6) is made of wood allows direct assembly without requiring any kind of construction work, but only the adaptation of the formwork (6) and the attachment of the slats (8, 9) at the level of the table operator's handwork. This means that the view of the door in the area in which it does not end flush with the wall (2, 3) or when the door leaf (1) is open allows a homogeneous embodiment, both with respect to the type of wood and with respect to the colouring, which can be the same. Even if the door leaf (1) is painted in any desired colour, this colour can also be used for the formwork (6), the design being completely homogeneous since it is the same base material.FIG. 4 shows the door according to the invention in a second embodiment. It shows that the door leaf (1) terminates flush with the wall (2, 3) on the side facing away from the hinges (11), so that the door leaf (1) opens in the direction of the non-flush region. This figure shows that the formwork (6) protrudes outwards and is flush with the door leaf (1). A decorative strip (8) ensures that the door leaf (1) is aligned and ends flush with the wall (2, 3). In this way, the door leaf (1) terminates flush with the formwork (6) and with the decorative strip (8), so that the door leaf (1) terminates flush with the wall.To improve continuity, both the formwork (6) and the trim strip (8) are chamfered at the edge where they contact each other. This offset is then filled with a filler or similar filler to achieve perfect continuity on the surface and without cracks. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve perfect continuity and a step can easily be formed between the two elements, giving a poor aesthetic appearance if they are not bevelled.FIG. 5 shows the door shown in FIG. 4, in which the door leaf (1) ends flush with the wall (2, 3) in the region of the hinges (11), so that the door leaf (1) is opened in the direction of the flush region. This is a second embodiment of the door shown in Fig. 2.FIG. 6 shows the door of FIG. 4, wherein the door leaf (1) has the same thickness as the wall (2, 3) in which it is installed. This figure is a second embodiment of the door shown in Fig. 3.It should be noted that, although the figures show a door fixed to a masonry wall (2) and closing against a plaster wall (3), this situation is illustrative only, since the wall into which the door is inserted is normally made of the same material.Compared to the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, this second embodiment offers a number of additional advantages which will be described below.First, the decorative strip ( 8) is removed. This increases efficiency because there are fewer elements. This advantage is critical. The exact shape of the formwork, which closes off directly with the plaster wall or the plaster, avoids the need for decorative strips ( 8).From a technical point of view, the following advantages result:the number of parts and materials used for the installation is reduced;the adjustment is cleaner and more precise, without the risk of misalignment;applying a fixing adhesive comprising a net and a flexible filler for invisible finish is facilitated;the wall is better integrated without protruding elements.In addition, advantages are also obtained from an economic point of view:installing is accelerated, which reduces labor costs;the final aesthetic is improved so that the door is even more imperceptible;It can be offered as premium solution to all customers by lowering production costs.Secondly, there is better adaptability to doors of different thicknesses. The ability to fabricate doors of different thicknesses is an enormous competitive advantage because many flush door solutions currently require larger thicknesses that cannot be reduced.From a technical point of view, the following advantages result:it can be adapted to more projects without being limited to standard strengths;The customer options with space problems or special requirements are expanded;The structural rigidity is maintained without requiring large thicknesses.From an economic point of view, the following advantages result:various market segments can be served, from residential projects to hotels and offices;more flexibility to compete with existing solutions without forcing the customer to use large thicknesses;The material costs are reduced in cases where excessive thickness is not required.Third, the invention is easier to install without having to make changes to the wall so that the formwork is directly flush with the wall without requiring construction work to adjust the gap.From a technical point of view, the following advantages result:Installation is simplified, making it faster and less invasive;alignment errors are reduced, improving final processing;The installation in the case of renovatings is possible without major alterations.From an economic point of view, the following advantages result:it attracts customers seeking quick solutions without complicated construction work;In the hotel industry, where construction times are critical, this can be a great advantage;a decisive sales argument compared to other flush-mounted systems, which are more complicated to install.

Claims

Door without a frame, comprising a door leaf (1) having two sides and a fixed thickness, and a formwork (6) for fastening to a wall (2, 3) to be selected between a masonry wall (2) and a plaster wall (3), wherein the door leaf (1) is fastened to the formwork (6) by means of hinges (11) and the formwork (6) has a protrusion (7) intended to serve as a stop when closing the door leaf (1), wherein the door blind is characterized in that: - the formwork (6) is made of wood, - one side of the door leaf (1) terminates with the wall (2, 3) by a decorative strip (8) serving as a transition element for the alignment of the door leaf (1) to the wall (2, 3).Door according to claim 1, characterised in that the end face of the door leaf (1) is flush with the decorative strip (8) via the formwork (6) flush with the door leaf (1).Door according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the formwork (6) is made of the same material and with the same surface as the door leaf (1).The door according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the door leaf (1) is thicker than 65 mm.Door according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two sides of the door leaf (1) end flush with the wall (2, 3).Door according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the connecting edges of the formwork (6) and the decorative strip (8) are chamfered.The door of claim 6, wherein the chamfered portion is provided with a filler material.Door according to claim 6, wherein the filling material is a filling compound.Door according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connection between the decorative strip (8) and the wall (2, 3) has a joint (10) which is filled by introducing a glass fibre mat and filler compound.Door according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (6) is fastened to the wall (2, 3) by means of a front formwork (5).

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