Lifting storage plant

Abstract

Hub storage plant for storing and feeding back electrical energy and for network load adjustment in a power grid (9) of a power grid network or a self-sufficient power supply system connected to the hub storage plant, wherein the hub storage plant comprises a plurality of individually controllable hub modules (4) and a central control and regulation unit (5) connected to the power grid (9), wherein each of the hub modules (4) has: - a cable winch (4.1) with at least one winch cable (4.3) and with a winch motor designed as an electric motor, which can be operated in motor and generator mode, - a lifting weight (4.2) suspended from the winch cable (4.3) for storing energy in the form of potential energy of the lifting weight (4.2) by lifting the lifting weight (4.2) by means of the cable winch (4.1) and for using the stored potential energy by lowering the lifting weight (4.2) by means of the cable winch (4.1), - a guide system for guiding the lifting weight (4.2) when raising or lowering the lifting weight (4.2), and - an electronic unit for controlling the winch motor and for power conversion, wherein the electronics unit and the winch motor of the cable winch (4.1) of each of the lifting modules (4) are each connected to the central control and regulation unit (5) via power lines (11) and via data and control lines (12), and wherein the lifting storage unit is designed to convert electrical energy from the power grid (9) into potential energy of the lifting weights (4.2) by means of the central control and regulation unit (5) and to convert the stored potential energy of the lifting weights (4.2) back into electrical energy by means of individually controlled lowering of the lifting weights (4.2), characterized in that - the cable winch (4.1) of each of the lifting modules (4) is a double cable winch arranged on the floor of the respective lifting module (4) and having two of the winch cables (4.3), wherein the two winch cables (4.3) are wound in parallel single-layer windings on the double cable winch, - the lifting weight (4.2) of the respective lifting module (4) is suspended from the two winch cables (4.3) which are attached to two spaced-apart suspension points on the lifting weight (4.2), and - the guide system of each of the lifting modules (4) designed to guide the lifting weight (4.2) comprises the two winch cables (4.3) and, for each of the two winch cables (4.3), a cable guide which deflects the respective winch cable (4.3) on the ceiling side in the lifting module (4), wherein the respective cable guide for deflecting the respective winch cable (4.3) has a first deflection pulley (4.4) in the form of a fixed cable pulley arranged on the ceiling side in the respective lifting module (4), wherein the winch cable (4.3) forms a first cable section between the cable winch (4.1) and the first deflection pulley (4.4) and a counter-rotating second cable section between the first deflection pulley (4.4) and the suspension point on the lifting weight (4.2).

Description

The present invention relates to a storage unit for storing and regenerating electrical energy, in particular for use in power grids with a high proportion of regenerative energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power installations. The stroke storage mechanism serves for adapting the network load and for providing a fast, controllable instantaneous reserve.With the planned retroactive construction of conventional thermal power plants, the provision of instantaneous reserve by synchronized turbogenerators, which were electromagnetically coupled via the alternating current network, is increasingly dispensed with. These machines were able to compensate for sudden load changes almost without delay without additional control interventions and thus contribute to the stability of the power grid. Such properties are lacking in photovoltaic and wind power installations, since these feed in exclusively their respectively currently available power and do not have system-relevant buffer capacities. Gas turbines, on the other hand, have a time delay of several minutes before they can contribute effectively to grid stabilization.In power grids of all voltage levels-from local grid via distribution grid to transport and grid networks-compliance with the grid frequency is of central importance for the supply safety. If no frequency adaptation within the shortest time occurs, overloaded network segments automatically disconnect, which can lead to power failures. Due to the increasing proportion of renewable energies and the associated omission of classic instantaneous reserve, technical means that can react fast enough to grid frequency deviations are increasingly lacking.Battery storage systems are used for short-term bridging of energy fluctuations. However, these are subject to a technically conditioned limitation of their charging and discharging cycles, as a result of which their service life is significantly shortened with frequent use. This represents a considerable restriction, particularly in the field of grid stabilization, in which frequent charging cycles are required.A mechanical energy storage system for buffering electrical energy is known from WO 2024 / 002512 A1. This describes a stroke storage unit which consists of a multiplicity of individually controllable stroke modules. Each lifting module has an electrically operated cable winch and a vertically movable lifting weight suspended therefrom. The energy is stored by raising the weight, wherein electrical energy is converted into potential energy or positional energy. If necessary, the lifting weight can be lowered, whereby the stored position energy is converted back into electrical energy and fed into the grid. The control of the individual lifting modules and the coordination with the power grid take place by a central control and regulation unit which comprises both power lines for energy transmission and data and control lines for communication. In addition, regenerative energy sources such as photovoltaic or wind power installations are assigned to the system, from which energy can likewise be fed into the energy storage system.The object of the invention is to provide a mechanical energy storage system for temporary storage and recovery of electrical energy, which enables a particularly fast responsiveness to grid load changes. The intention is to support a grid-line operating mode in which electrical energy can be stored and fed back as required in order to ensure a stable grid frequency. In this case, the requirements of modern power grids with a high proportion of decentrally feeding, regenerative energy sources are to be taken into account in particular.In addition, the object is to provide a storage system which is distinguished by high operating reliability, low mechanical loading and efficient energy conversion. It is also an object to realize the energy conversion independently of thermal delays or charge cycle constraints of conventional memory technologies. The solution should be equally suitable for feeding power from external networks as well as from locally generated renewable energy and remain flexibly controllable in the process.This object is achieved by a stroke storage mechanism according to claim 1. Practical further developments of the invention are set out in claims 2 to 10.The inventive stroke storage mechanism is based on the basic structure known from WO 2024 / 002512 A1. In this regard, reference is made to International Patent Application Serial No. PCT / EP2023 / 000034 and the related publication International Publication No. WO 2024 / 002512 A1, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this patent application.The inventive load storage unit serves for storing and feeding back electrical energy and for adapting the grid load in a power grid of a power grid network or of an autonomous power supply system connected to the load storage unit. The load storage unit comprises a plurality of individually controllable load modules and a central control and regulation unit connected to the power grid. Each of the lifting modules has a cable winch with at least one winch cable and with a winch motor which can be operated in the motor and generator mode and is designed as an electric motor. Furthermore, each lifting module comprises a lifting weight suspended from the winch cable for storing energy in the form of positional energy of the lifting weight by lifting the lifting weight by means of the cable winch and for utilizing the stored positional energy by lowering the lifting weight by means of the cable winch. In addition, each lifting module is equipped with a guide system for guiding the lifting weight when the lifting weight is raised or lowered, and with an electronic unit-generally installed in a control cabinet-for controlling the winch motor and for converting current. The electronics unit or the control cabinet with the electronics unit can also be located spatially remote from the winch in the lifting storage mechanism. The lifting weight is generally guided vertically by the guide system.The hoisting storage facility usually comprises a structure, for example a building, in which the hoisting modules are accommodated.The electronics unit and the winch motor of the cable winch of each of the lifting modules are each connected to the central control and regulation unit via power lines and via data and control lines. The stroke storage mechanism is designed such that electrical energy from the power grid can be converted into position energy of the stroke weights by raising the stroke weights individually controlled by means of the central control and regulation unit, and the stored position energy of the stroke weights can be converted back into electrical energy by individually controlled lowering of the stroke weights.According to the invention, the cable winch of each of the lifting modules is a double cable winch arranged on the ground side in the respective lifting module and having two of the winch cables, i.e. a cable winch on the drum of which the two winch cables are wound or unwound synchronously. The two winch ropes are wound in parallel side-by-side single layer windings on the double winch, i.e. the winch ropes are wound in only one layer in each case--in the case of complete winding. Preferably, the two parallel insert windings are wound mirror-symmetrically.The lifting weight of the respective lifting module is suspended from the two winch ropes which are fastened to the lifting weight at two suspension points spaced apart from one another. The guide system for guiding the hoist weight contains the two winch ropes and, for each of the two winch ropes, a respective rope guide which deflects the respective winch rope on the ceiling side, i.e. above the hoist weight, in the hoist module. The respective cable guide for deflecting the respective winch cable comprises a first deflecting roller in the form of a fixed cable roller arranged on the ceiling side in the respective lifting module. The respective winch cable forms a first cable section between the winch and the first deflecting roller and an oppositely directed second cable section between the first deflecting roller and the suspension point on the lifting weight. The second cable sections of the two winch cables are preferably guided parallel to one another, in particular vertically. By means of the first deflecting roller, which is arranged in the lifting module on the ceiling side, i.e. above the lifting weight, the lifting weight can be lifted from the cable winch installed on the floor side via the first deflecting roller to a maximum lifting height close to this first deflecting roller.In addition to the winch ropes and the rope guide, the guide system can also comprise rails or other guide mechanisms for precise and secure movement of the lifting weight, for example. Preferably, however, the guiding system is limited to the winch ropes and the rope guide, i.e. the lifting weight hangs freely on the two winch ropes and is guided by the two winch ropes.The electrical energy for lifting the lifting weights draws current in particular from the connected power grid serving as an energy source, in particular in the case of overcurrent capacity in the connected power grid. In addition, the storage unit can be connected to further energy sources, for example regenerative electric energy generators located on, on or in the vicinity of the structure of the storage unit. Such locally installed regenerative electric energy generators can be, inter alia, photovoltaic systems for solar power generation or wind power systems for wind power generation. In addition, the load storage unit can also comprise a biomass power plant as a regenerative electric energy generator as an energy source or be connected to such a source. The regenerative electric power generators may selectively provide regeneratively generated electric power in the form of direct current or alternating current.The control and regulation unit is programmed in such a way that it controls the storage of excess current from the power grid or of current from the other energy sources, for example from regenerative electric energy generators, in the form of position energy or potential energy of the lifting weights in the individual lifting modules. The control and regulation unit is usually designed to be computer-assisted and remotely controllable, so that, for example, the power grid operator-in particular for the purpose of grid load regulation-can control the power feed from the power grid into the storage grid or the power feed from the storage grid into the power grid via the control and regulation unit.The control and regulation unit also regularly comprises a storage unit, by means of which it is possible to detect in which lifting module which electrical energy was fed in from which energy source. This enables an assignment of the stored positional energy or potential energy of the lifting weights to the original energy source, i.e. a uniform storage of the energy. When the positional energy is fed into the power grid, the original energy source can thus be assigned to the fed-in current.The feeding of the positional energy stored in the lifting modules into the power grid can take place in small-part, modulatable feed quantities. This allows flexible regulation of the network load. The fragmentable, second-speed retrievable power supply enables an efficient grid load adaptation or grid load regulation. The stroke storage mechanism described thus contributes-as a rapidly controllable energy buffer-to ensuring the network stability of the connected power network in power networks with decentralized energy sources.The lifting modules are regularly designed such that they can be started without additional auxiliary energy and their state of charge is maintained when not in use.The electronics unit of each lifting module controls the interaction with the power grid by connection via the control and regulation unit. Each lifting module, i.e. its electronics unit and its winch motor, is connected to the central control and regulation unit by means of the one or more of the power lines; the central control and regulation unit in turn connects the lifting storage unit to the power grid. In addition, the control and regulation unit is connected to each of the lifting modules by means of one of the data and control lines in each case for controlling and regulating the energy storage in the lifting modules or the energy consumption from the lifting modules.The modular construction of the stroke storage unit offers considerable advantages with regard to scalability, maintenance and adaptability. The plurality of individually controllable hub modules allows the hub storage unit to be flexibly adapted to different power requirements by connecting or disconnecting hub modules as required. This enables a stepwise expansion of the storage capacity without basic modification measures on the overall system. In addition, the modular structure allows targeted maintenance or the replacement of individual lifting modules without having to interrupt the operation of the entire lifting storage unit. This decentralization of the functional units increases the system availability and operating reliability considerably. Moreover, it promotes optimized space utilization in the structure.The double winch with the single-layer winding enables higher lifting speeds than other winch designs and thus contributes to very rapidly converting electrical energy into position energy (or vice versa position energy into electrical energy) by means of the lifting module. The single-layer winding also reduces the friction and cable wear which occurs more heavily in the case of multi-layer winding. Since the lifting modules are usually continuously active during regular operation of the lifting storage unit and the lifting weights are frequently moved up and down, low friction and minimal cable wear are of particular importance. These factors are decisive for a high mechanical efficiency, which characterizes the embodiment of the cable winch according to the invention, and at the same time contribute to a long, low-maintenance operating duration of the lifting modules.The suspension of the lifting weight by the two winch ropes fixes the position of the lifting weight better than in the case of suspension with only one rope. In addition, the force absorption is distributed over both winch ropes. The double cable suspension also ensures fault tolerance or redundancy in the event of mechanical impairment of one of the winch cables.One of the advantages of the arrangement of the cable winch on the ground side (on the ground of the lifting module or of the structure) in conjunction with the deflection of the winch cables on the ceiling side consists in the fact that the operating oscillations emanating from the cable winch can be dissipated into the ground and are not transmitted, or are transmitted only to a small extent, to the structure. The fundamentally possible arrangement of the cable winch in the ceiling region or above the lifting weight can, on the other hand, lead to undesired oscillations-above all due to the large number of lifting modules in the lifting storage mechanism-in the supporting structure.Regardless of load management whether large amounts of current are injected or extracted, the conversion efficiency in the hub storage unit remains almost the same. This flexible power range is adjustable via the speed and the number of lifting modules.For the purpose of current conversion, the electronic unit typically comprises one or more inverters. This allows the use of direct current (for example from energy sources such as photovoltaics) as well as excess alternating current from the power grid.The lifting weight can be designed as required, for example from concrete (about 2.4 t / m 3), from iron (about 7.8 t / m 3) or from a container filled with water (about 1 t / m 3). The lifting weight preferably comprises a plurality of ballast bodies which can be stacked one above the other in particular and are received, for example, on a central rod assembly of the lifting weight in a number according to requirements or are individually connected to one another by suitable connecting elements.According to one embodiment, the inventive stroke storage unit can be realized by an environmentally friendly construction of recyclable construction materials and materials.Steel or plastic ropes can be used as winch ropes. In particular, plastic ropes, for example made of polyethylene, polyester or polyamide, have proven to be suitable due to the lower mass and the lower friction. Ropes made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are particularly preferred for the present application; they are characterized by extremely high tensile strength, low load elongation, low mass, abrasion resistance and durability. The diameter of the winch cable is typically in the range of 25 mm±5 mm.The respective cable guide can also have a second deflecting roller in the form of a loose roller, wherein the lifting weight is fastened to the second deflecting roller in order to reduce the lifting forces. That is, the second pulley is attached to each suspension point of the lifting weight. The respective winch cable forms - in addition to the first cable section and the second cable section - a third cable section which extends from the suspension point of the lifting weight or of the second deflection pulley to a fastening point of the winch cable arranged on the ceiling side in the lifting module. Due to the double cable guidance with the two deflecting rollers, i.e. the first and the second deflecting roller, the necessary tensile force on the winch cable, i.e. the force which the winch must apply in order to raise the lifting weight, is vified compared to the embodiment with only singly deflected winch cable. The first and the second deflecting roller can also be part of a pulley block in an extension of this embodiment.The stroke storage unit according to the described basic structure may also comprise a cooling system, preferably a cooling system with a closed coolant circuit, in which a coolant, for example oil or water, is or is circulated in the circuit between a heat sink and one or more heat sources. The heat sources are the winch motors and / or the electronics units of the lifting modules, which are regularly subjected to high loads during speed regulation in the minute cycle. For cooling the winch motors and / or the electronics units of the lifting modules, a cooling unit integrated into the coolant circuit is provided in each case. The cooling unit is integrated into the respective winch motor or the electronics unit or is attached to the respective component for cooling the same. These can be, for example, cooling coils, heat exchangers or similar flow coolers. By means of the cooling system, the thermal energy arising as a result of movement of the winch motors and as a result of stressing of the electronic units (above all during current conversion by means of the inverters) is dissipated from these corresponding components of the lifting modules and transported to the heat sink via the coolant circuit. The cooling system therefore combines the heat or waste heat from the heat sources. The heat sink of the cooling system can be, for example, a central heat exchanger (heat exchanger) integrated into the coolant circuit, which heat exchanger releases the excess heat from the cooling system.The central heat exchanger is preferably a district heat transfer station, i.e. a heat exchanger, by means of which the excess waste heat is discharged into a district heat network for further use. The cooling system can also or additionally have a water-air heat exchanger as a heat sink, by means of which the waste heat is discharged to the environment, for example if there is no need for heat for district heat in summer and the cooling of the components to be cooled which are integrated into the coolant circuit is required for the purpose of lowering the temperature thereof. Since the lifting modules are usually always in operation during conventional operation of the lifting storage unit for the purpose of adapting the grid, i.e. the lifting weights are frequently moved up and down, a certain amount of waste heat is always produced in the cooling system as a result of the operation of the winch motors and as a result of the stress on the electronic units, which waste heat is preferably used as district heat for heating purposes.It can furthermore be provided that-if the electronics units are equipped with inverters for current conversion-each of the inverters is designed to receive and provide reactive current, wherein the central control and regulation unit is configured to control the inverters of the lifting modules for reactive current compensation in the power network. This makes it possible to use the inverters of the electronic units in order to compensate, in terms of the grid, for the reactive current in the grid as required at the present time. This is important in so far as the inverters represent a new type of instantaneous reserve or their replacement. Reactive current compensation with inverters is an efficient method to improve grid quality and minimize reactive power loads. The selective provision or absorption of reactive power by means of inverters is effected by controlling the phase angle between current and voltage, as a result of which the reactive current is fed into the power grid or removed therefrom.Inductive reactive power, which is frequently caused by devices such as electric motors or transformers, can be compensated by the inverter by generating capacitive reactive power. Conversely, capacitive reactive power, for example due to long cable paths, can be compensated by inductive reactive power of the inverter. This is achieved by precise pulse width modulation and corresponding control algorithms that enable the inverter to dynamically respond to variations in the network.A decisive advantage of reactive current compensation by means of the boost storage unit lies in the multiplicity of inverters (since usually each boost module comprises at least one inverter in the electronic unit). The central control of the lifting modules (including the inverters) by means of the central control and regulation unit enables active power and reactive power to be provided as required for grid stabilization. Particularly in modern energy networks characterized by decentralized generation, this function contributes to reducing the transmission losses and optimally utilizing the capacity of existing infrastructure. Moreover, the inverters may interact directly (via the central control and regulation unit) with grid control systems through communication protocols to obtain dynamic reactive power setpoints and operate in accordance with grid requirements.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the schematic drawings, wherein identical or similar features are provided with the same reference numerals; in this regard, FIG. 1 : shows a stroke storage mechanism according to the prior art in a perspective view; FIG. 2 : shows the lifting module with double cable winch according to an embodiment with monolithic lifting weight in a schematic illustration; FIG. 3 : shows the lifting module with double winch according to an embodiment with a lifting weight made of 10 ballast bodies made of concrete in side view; FIG. 4 : shows the lifting module with double winch according to an embodiment with a lifting weight made of 10 ballast bodies made of grey cast iron in side view; FIG. 5 : shows the lifting module with double winch according to an embodiment with a lifting weight made of 10 ballast bodies made of concrete in a front view; FIG. 6 : shows the lifting module with double winch according to an embodiment with a lifting weight made of ballast bodies made of concrete in a horizontal sectional view from above; FIG. 7 : two lifting modules with double cable winch according to an embodiment with a lifting weight made of ballast bodies made of concrete in a horizontal sectional view from above; FIG. 8 : the installation of the double cable winch of two lifting modules on an installation channel in a lateral vertical sectional view; FIG. 9 : shows the installation of six lifting modules along an installation channel in a horizontal sectional view from above; FIG. 10 : shows an embodiment of the lifting storage unit with a plurality of lifting modules in a horizontal sectional view and a vertical sectional view.The basic structure of the stroke storage unit according to FIG. 1 corresponds to the system disclosed in WO 2024 / 002512 A1. The lift storage mechanism comprises the structure 1 with a plurality of the lift modules 4, which together form a lift storage system. In the example according to FIG. 1, 80 lifting modules 4 are located in the structure 1. the lifting modules 4 are each connected to one of the power lines 11 and one of the data and control lines 12 to the control and regulation unit 5. The control and regulation unit 5 is in turn coupled to the power grid 9, from which electrical energy can be stored in the stroke storage unit as positional energy of the stroke modules 4 or electrical energy can be fed from the stroke storage unit into the power grid 9, depending on the requirements in the power grid 9, but in particular for regulating the grid stability. Furthermore, various regenerative energy sources or electric energy generators are connected to the control and regulating unit 5, namely a photovoltaic plant 6, a wind turbine 7 and / or a biomass power plant 8, by means of which electrical energy is likewise provided for storage in the lifting storage unit. The photovoltaic system 6 is preferably installed on the roof 2 and / or on the south side 3 of the structure 1. For the spatially non-fixed control of the lifting storage unit, its control and regulation unit 5 is provided with a remote control 10. In the embodiment according to the prior art, each of the lifting modules 4 has the cable winch 4.1 installed on the ceiling side and the lifting weight 4.2 fastened to the cable winch 4.1 by means of a single winch cable 4.3. The installation of the cable winch 4.1 on the ceiling side and the use of only one winch cable 4.3 for fastening the lifting weight 4.2 of the prior art lifting storage unit shown in FIG. 1 differs from the lifting storage unit according to the invention; however, in the basic construction, these correspond to the greatest possible extent.FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the lifting module 4 of the proposed lifting storage unit. The lifting module 4 has the cable winch 4.1, which is designed as a double cable winch and has the first winch cable 4.3.1 and the second winch cable 4.3.2, which are each wound on the drum of the cable winch 4.1 in a single layer. The lifting weight 4.2 is fastened to both winch ropes 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2. Each of the two winch ropes 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 is guided via a separate rope guide, which comprises the first deflecting roller 4.4 and the second deflecting roller 4.5, respectively. The first deflecting roller 4.4 of the respective cable guide is designed as a fixed cable roller which is fastened in the ceiling region of the lifting module 4. The second deflection roller 4.5 is in each case a loose cable roller. The lifting weight 4.2 is connected to the second deflection pulley 4.5 of the cable guide of the first winch cable 4.3.1 and to the second deflection pulley 4.5 of the cable guide of the second winch cable 4.3.2, whereby the lifting weight 4.2 is suspended attached at two suspension points.The embodiments of the lifting module 4 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate in side view the guiding of the winch ropes 4.3, wherein only one of the winch ropes 4.3 is visible and the other is concealed: the first rope section of the respective winch rope 4.3 runs from the rope winch 4.1 installed on the ground side to the first deflecting roller 4.4 (fixed rope pulley), the second rope section of the respective winch rope 4.3 runs from the first deflecting roller 4.4 installed on the ceiling side to the second deflecting roller 4.5 (loose rope pulley) fastened at the suspension point of the lifting weight 4.2 by means of a hook, and the third rope section of the respective winch rope 4.3 runs from the second deflecting roller 4.5 to the ceiling-side fastening point, at which the end of the respective winch rope 4.3 is fixed. The lifting weight 4.2 comprises several ballast bodies stacked one above the other and connected to one another. In the embodiment of the lifting module 4 according to FIG. 3, these are made of concrete and in the embodiment of the lifting module 4 according to FIG. 4 are made of grey cast iron or ferrous materials. Due to the lower height that the lifting weight 4.2 of gray cast ballasts assumes, the maximum lifting of the lifting weight 4.2 of gray cast ballasts can be significantly increased. The storage capacity of the lifting modules 4 with grey cast ballast bodies is about 15% above the storage capacity of the lifting modules 4 with concrete ballast bodies.The lifting weights 4.2 shown in the embodiments of the lifting module 4 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 and comprising the stacked ballast bodies offer an advantage during the assembly and disassembly of the respective lifting weight 4.2. In the conventional embodiment of the lifting modules 4, the mass of the lifting weight 4.2 is about 50 t. The double cable winch used in the lifting module 4 has a winch motor with a power of 250 kW. Mounting or dismantling of a lifting weight 4.2 of 50 t in monolithic design is hardly possible with conventional mobile lifting technology. In order to be able to use the latter, the individual ballast bodies are designed such that their mass is approximately 5 t. These ballast bodies can be transported using conventional mobile lifting technology, for example forklifts or high-lift trucks. Advantageously, the lifting weight 4.2 is mounted by successive mounting of the individual ballast bodies, wherein the already mounted ballast bodies can be lifted with the cable winch 4.1 and the respective ballast body to be newly mounted can be mounted from below on the already mounted ballast bodies. By this method, the lifting weight 4.2 can be mounted close to the ground without having to realize greater lifting heights with the mobile lifting technology.The embodiment of the lifting module 4 according to FIG. 5 corresponds to that according to FIG. 3 and shows both winch ropes 4.3, wherein only the second rope section between the first deflecting roller 4.4 and the second deflecting roller 4.5 is shown for the first winch rope 4.3.1 and the second winch rope 4.3.2; the first rope section between the winch 4.1 and the first deflecting roller 4.4 is hidden. The second cable sections of the two winch cables 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 are guided vertically and consequently parallel to one another by the dimensioning and arrangement of the first deflecting rollers 4.4, the suspension points on the lifting weight 4.2 and the second deflecting rollers 4.5. This ensures exact guidance of the lifting weight 4.2 during the raising and lowering.The embodiment of the lifting module 4 according to FIG. 6 again corresponds to that according to FIG. 3 and according to FIG. 5, wherein the view from above onto the cable winch 4.1 and the lifting weight 4.2 takes place from a horizontal section plane which lies above the second deflecting roller 4.5 (not shown) and below the ceiling-side feedthroughs below the first deflecting roller 4.4. The sections through the two winch ropes 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 show the cross section of the winch ropes 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 in the first rope section (top), in the second rope section (middle) and in the third rope section (bottom), respectively. As can be seen, the arrangement of the second and third cable sections is selected such that the suspension points lying on the center line of the lifting weight 4.2 lie centrally between the second and third cable sections. This ensures the tilt-free suspension of the lifting weight 4.2 via the second deflection roller 4.5 (not shown).FIG. 7 shows a paired arrangement of two lifting modules 4 according to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 5 and 6. The alternating or rotationally symmetrical arrangement allows optimum utilization of space.FIG. 8 shows two of the cable winch 4.1, which are anchored in a ground foundation according to the arrangement of the lifting modules 4 shown in FIG. 7. Between the two cable winch 4.1 or the lifting modules 4 to which the cable winch 4.1 is assigned, an installation channel 14 runs in which the power lines 11, the data and control lines 12 and the lines of the coolant circuit 13 run.An arrangement of six lifting modules 4, which are alternately differently oriented, along the installation channel 14 is illustrated in FIG. 9. The power lines 11 in the form of electrical distributors and the lines of the coolant circuit 13 in the form of cooling distributors branch off from the installation channel 14 in each case alternately to the winch motors of the cable winch 4.1.An embodiment of the inventive stroke storage mechanism is shown in FIG. 10 in two partial views, namely in a horizontal section according to FIG. 10( a) and in a vertical section according to FIG. 10( b); the sectional plane A-A of the vertical section according to FIG. 10( b) is indicated in FIG. 10( a). The horizontal section of that according to FIG. 10( a) lies in the lowermost floor 1.0, i.e. the floor 0.The structure 1 of the lifting storage unit forms a four-level building constructed as a load-bearing structure. The lowermost floor 1.0, i.e. floor 0, comprises a service and transport channel next to the lifting modules 4 which are set up in rows and whose cable winch 4.1 is likewise located in the lowermost floor 1.0-anchored in the ground foundation. In the first floor 1.1, i.e. the floor 1, there are rooms for the personnel, for example WCs, relining, social rooms and the control room. In addition, the central heat exchanger 15 of the cooling system connected to a district heating network is installed in the first floor 1.1 in the form of two plate heat exchangers. The upper levels 1.2, 1.3, i.e. the level 2 and the level 3, contain the switch cabinets 16 with the electronics units of the lifting modules 4.List of reference characters1 Structure 1.0 Floor 0 1.1 Floor 1 1.2 Floor 2 1.3 Floor 3 2 Roof 3 South side 4 Lifting module 4.1 Cable winch 4.2 Lifting weight 4.3 Winch cable 4.3.1 First winch cable 4.3.2 Second winch cable 4.4 First deflection roller 4.5 Second deflection roller 5 Control and regulation unit 6 Photovoltaic installation 7 Wind turbine 8 Biomass power plant 9 Power grid 10 Remote control 11 Power line 12 Data and control line 13 Coolant circuit 14 Installation channel 15 Heat exchanger 16 Switch cabinetsReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedWO 2024 / 002512 A1 [0005, 0009, 0038]EP 2023 / 000034

[0009]

Claims

A load storage unit for storing and feeding back electrical energy and for adapting the grid load in a power grid (9), connected to the load storage unit, of a power grid network or of an autonomous power supply system, wherein the load storage unit comprises a plurality of individually drivable load modules (4) and a central control and regulation unit (5) connected to the power grid (9), wherein each of the load modules (4) has: - a cable winch (4.1) having at least one winch cable (4.3) and having a winch motor, which can be operated in motor and generator operation and is designed as an electric motor, a lifting weight (4.2) suspended from the winch cable (4.3) for storing energy in the form of positional energy of the lifting weight (4.2) by lifting the lifting weight (4.2) by means of the winch (4.1) and for utilizing the stored positional energy by lowering the lifting weight (4.2) by means of the winch (4.1), a guidance system for guiding the lifting weight (4.2) when lifting or lowering the lifting weight (4.2), and an electronic unit for controlling the winch motor and for current conversion, wherein the electronic unit and the winch motor of the winch (4.1) of each of the lifting modules (4) are connected to the central control and regulation unit (5) in each case via power lines (11) and via data and control lines (12), and wherein the stroke storage mechanism is designed to convert electrical energy from the power grid (9) into position energy of the stroke weights (4.2) by raising the stroke weights (4.2) individually controlled by means of the central control and regulating unit (5) and to convert the stored position energy of the stroke weights (4.2) back into electrical energy by individually controlled lowering of the stroke weights (4.2), characterized in that - the cable winch (4.1) of each of the stroke modules (4) is a double cable winch arranged on the ground side in the respective stroke module (4) and having two of the winch cables (4.3), wherein the two winch cables (4.3) are wound on the double cable winch in one-layer windings arranged parallel next to one another, the lifting weight (4.2) of the respective lifting module (4) is suspended on the two winch ropes (4.3) which are fastened to the lifting weight (4.2) at two suspension points spaced apart from one another, and the guide system of each of the lifting modules (4) designed to guide the lifting weight (4.2) comprises the two winch ropes (4.3) and, for each of the two winch ropes (4.3), in each case a cable guide which deflects the respective winch rope (4.3) on the ceiling side in the lifting module (4), wherein the respective cable guide has a first deflection roller (4.4) in the form of a fixed cable roller arranged on the ceiling side in the respective lifting module (4) for deflecting the respective winch rope (4.3), wherein the winch cable (4.3) forms a first cable section between the winch cable (4.1) and the first deflecting roller (4.4) and an opposing second cable section between the first deflecting roller (4.4) and the suspension point on the lifting weight (4.2).The storage elevator system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the winch ropes (4.3) is a plastic rope.The hoisting storage unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the cable guides has a second deflecting roller (4.5) in the form of a loose cable roller, wherein the second deflecting roller (4.5) is attached to the respective suspension point of the hoisting weight (4.2), and wherein the respective winch cable (4.3) forms a third cable section from the suspension point of the hoisting weight (4.2) to a fastening point of the winch cable (4.3) arranged on the ceiling side in the hoisting module (4).The storage elevator system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second cable sections of the two winch cables (4.3) are guided parallel to one another.The storage elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second cable sections of the two winch cables (4.3) are guided vertically.The stroke storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stroke storage unit comprises a cooling system with a closed coolant circuit (13) for cooling one or more heat sources and for discharging the waste heat from the coolant circuit (13) to a heat sink, wherein the heat sources are the winch motors and / or the electronics units of the stroke modules (4), wherein the winch motors and / or the electronics units of the stroke modules (4) each have a cooling unit integrated into the coolant circuit (13) for cooling them, and wherein a central heat exchanger (15) of the cooling system integrated into the coolant circuit (13) forms the heat sink.The stroke storage unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the central heat exchanger (15) forming the heat sink of the coolant circuit (13) is a district heat transfer station for feeding the waste heat from the cooling system into a district heat network.The storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electronic unit of each of the lifting modules (4) comprises at least one inverter for converting current from direct current to alternating current.The load storage unit according to claim 8, characterized in that each of the inverters is designed to receive and provide reactive current, wherein the central control and regulation unit (5) is configured to control the inverters of the load modules (4) for reactive current compensation in the power grid (9).The storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the storage unit is connected, in addition to the power grid (9), to locally installed regenerative electric energy generators for feeding regeneratively generated electric energy into the storage unit, wherein the regenerative electric energy generators selectively provide electric energy in the form of direct current or alternating current.

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