Rod profile and grid roof structure with this rod profile

Abstract

Rod profile (12) for grid roof structures, comprising at least three plates (16, 18, 20) which are welded together by longitudinal welds (22) to form a monolithic element; wherein the rod profile (12) has a cross-section (24) defined by at least a first branch (162), a second branch (182) and a third branch (202), wherein each branch (162, 182, 202) corresponds to the track in the section plane of the at least three plates (16, 18, 20), wherein the first branch (162), the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) each have transverse axes (161, 181, 201); wherein the cross-section (24) has a centroid (B); characterized by the fact that the first branch (162) is connected with at least one of the second branch (182) and third branch (202); the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) are connected to each other; the first branch (162) has a predetermined distance (d) to the center of gravity (B); the center of gravity (B) lies at the intersection of the transverse axes (181, 201) of the second branch (182) and the third branch (202).

Description

scope

[0001] The present invention relates to a rod profile for lattice roof structures and a lattice roof structure comprising this rod profile. In particular, the present invention relates to the field of lattice roof structures, especially customized profiles for the production of spherical, cylindrical or toric vaulted roofs (or coverings). State of the art

[0002] When constructing domed roofs with spherical, cylindrical, or toric curvature using metal structures, standardized, commercially available profiles are generally employed, such as I-beams and tubular profiles with square or circular cross-sections. These elements are selected based on their market availability, ease of procurement, and sound knowledge of their mechanical properties.

[0003] However, the use of these profiles brings with it a number of technical and operational problems, which are particularly evident in the production of spatial lattice structures with complex geometries and a dense network of connections.

[0004] The structural assembly of lattice structures requires the provision of special connections or structural nodes that can accommodate a plurality of bars from different spatial directions.

[0005] Especially in vaulted roofs, the rods meet at the nodes at different and often non-right angles, which necessitates the production of complex and customized connections.

[0006] To ensure the strength and stability of the nodes, local stiffeners, reinforcement pieces, joint covers, flanges, bolts and other connecting elements must be used, which must be carefully dimensioned and positioned.

[0007] While these additional components are essential for the safety and functionality of the structure, they lead to a significant increase in mass in the node areas.

[0008] When analyzing the contribution to the overall weight of the structure, it can be seen that, taking into account the so-called self-weight of the individual bars (i.e., the weight of the profile from node to node of the structure, without considering the components required for the manufacture of the nodes), the increase in weight from adding the plates and accessories required for the connections can reach very high proportions, up to 40% to 50% of the weight of the bars alone.

[0009] This phenomenon is particularly pronounced when the mesh size of the truss framework is small, typically on the order of 3 to 4 meters, as the number of nodes and connections per unit area increases significantly and the proportion of additional weights in relation to the load-bearing structural mass increases.

[0010] Another disadvantage of using bar profiles is the need to protect the inner surfaces of the pipes from weathering.

[0011] Without hot-dip galvanizing, which is often complex and costly for large or long elements, it is essential to weld end caps to the open ends of the pipes.

[0012] This process serves to prevent the inner surfaces from being exposed to the outside environment, as it is practically impossible to apply an effective protective coating to the inside of the pipe itself.

[0013] The lack of protection for the inner surfaces can lead to hidden corrosion, which impairs the durability and safety of the structure over time.

[0014] The application of these design solutions therefore entails a number of disadvantages: increased complexity of execution due to the need to prepare and assemble numerous additional components; an extension of production times and an increase in the overall cost of the structure, which is related to both the higher material consumption and the additional processing steps required; the difficulty of ensuring optimal load distribution at the nodes, with possible negative effects on the operational efficiency and the dynamic behavior of the roof, especially under extreme environmental conditions or particularly demanding geometries.

[0015] Furthermore, the presence of numerous connecting elements and welds increases the number of potentially critical points in terms of maintenance and durability, which makes the long-term management of the structure more expensive.

[0016] In summary, while the use of standardized commercial profiles, especially tubular bars, is a proven and widespread solution, it entails a number of structural, functional and economic limitations that are particularly detrimental when constructing large-span lattice vault roofs or under difficult operating conditions.

[0017] These limitations make it clear that innovative solutions must be developed to overcome the problems described above by optimizing the configuration of profiles and connections to reduce weight, simplify assembly, and improve the durability and safety of the structures. Presentation of the invention

[0018] Therefore, it is necessary to at least partially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and limitations of the known technology.

[0019] In particular, there is a clear need to find structural solutions that allow for a significant reduction in the overall weight of the lattice structures, especially in the node areas where the accumulation of additional mass is particularly detrimental.

[0020] Weight reduction not only allows for optimization of material usage and thus production and transport costs, but also contributes to improving the dynamic behavior of the structure by reducing stresses caused by variable loads such as wind or earthquakes and facilitating the handling of movable roofs with large spans.

[0021] Furthermore, there is a need to simplify the connections between the structural bars.

[0022] The current need for numerous accessories such as reinforcement pieces, connecting covers, flanges, and bolts increases manufacturing complexity and assembly time, and also creates potential critical points regarding durability and maintenance. Therefore, it is essential to develop simpler connection systems that reduce the number of components and welding or bolting operations while still ensuring the required strength and stability.

[0023] Finally, the increasing complexity of the geometries of modern grid roof structures, which are often characterized by small meshes and nodes with variable angles of incidence, requires tailor-made structural profiles that can be optimally adapted to the specific requirements of the design.

[0024] These profiles should enable better load distribution at the nodes, minimize unwanted stresses (such as unforeseen deflections and twists) and ensure maximum structural efficiency, even under particularly difficult operating conditions.

[0025] In summary, the main requirements are as follows: reduction of the weight and complexity of the connections, improvement of durability and ease of maintenance, and the possibility of using tailor-made structural profiles specifically designed to meet the challenges of modern vaulted roofs with grid structures.

[0026] These requirements are at least partially met by a rod profile for grid roof structures according to claim 1 and by a grid structure according to claim 15. Description of the drawings

[0027] Further features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description of its preferred and non-limiting embodiments, wherein: - Fig. 1 schematically represents a cross-section of a bar profile according to a possible embodiment; - Fig. 2 schematically represents a perspective view of an end section of a bar profile according to a possible embodiment; - Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows a perspective view of a bar profile according to a possible embodiment; - Fig. 4A schematically a front view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 4B schematically a side view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 5A schematically a front view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 5B schematically a side view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 6A schematically a front view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 6B schematically a side view of one of the plates of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 7A schematically a front view of the rod profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 7B schematically a side view of the bar profile made of Fig. 3 shows; - Fig. 7C schematically shows a cross-section according to the cutting planes aa in Fig. 7B shows; - Fig. Figure 8 schematically shows a perspective view of a grid structure according to one possible embodiment; - Fig. 9 schematically a perspective view of a special feature of the grid structure from Fig. 8 shows; and - Fig. Figure 10 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of a cross-section of a bar profile.

[0028] The elements or parts of elements that are common to the embodiments described below are identified by the same reference numerals. Detailed description

[0029] In the Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows a bar profile 12 according to the present invention.

[0030] The rod profile 12, for example for lattice roof structures, in particular for spherical, cylindrical or toric vaulted roofs, is produced by connecting at least three plates 16, 18, 20 which are welded together by longitudinal welds 22, so that a monolithic element is formed.

[0031] The welding processes for plates 16, 18, 20, which are known to those skilled in the art, are not explained further.

[0032] The cross-section 24 of the profile is defined by at least a first branch 162, a second branch 182 and a third branch 202, each corresponding to the track in the cross-sectional plane of the corresponding plates 16, 18, 20.

[0033] In this treatise, the term "cross-section" refers to a section that is essentially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the extension of the rod profile.

[0034] Branches 162, 182, 202 each have their own transverse axes 161, 181, 201.

[0035] Naturally, section 24 has its own focus area B, which is, for example, in Fig. 1 is shown.

[0036] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the first branch 162 is connected to at least one of the branches 182 and 202, and the second branch 182 is connected to the third branch 202.

[0037] In particular, the first branch 162 has a predetermined distance d to the center of gravity B, and the center of gravity B lies at the intersection of the transverse axes 181, 201 of the second branch 182 and the third branch 202.

[0038] This solution, as schematically illustrated in the paragraphs above, enables, on the one hand, the production of a monolithic structural element and, on the other hand, the production of a structural element in which the load transfer and overall strength are improved compared to known profiles, as will be shown in the following explanations.

[0039] In the present design, explicit reference has been made to a bar profile comprising at least three plates 16, 18, 20, however, solutions with more than three plates, for example four, are possible and easily conceivable for the person skilled in the art.

[0040] For example, in Fig. Figure 10 shows an embodiment with four plates 16, 18, 20, 21. In this case, the cross-section 24 of the profile is defined by a first branch 162, a second branch 182, a third branch 202 and a fourth branch 212, each corresponding to the track in the cross-sectional plane of the respective plates 16, 18, 20, 21.

[0041] In this case, the center of gravity B lies at the intersection of the transverse axes 181, 201, 211 of the second branch 182, the third branch 202 and the fourth branch 212.

[0042] For example, in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 1, the first branch 162 can be connected to the second branch 182 at a position between the ends of the first branch 162.

[0043] For example, the first branch 162 can be connected to the second branch 182 at a position between the two ends of the second branch 182.

[0044] As explained in this description, the connection position between the branches, and in particular between the first branch 162 and the second branch 182, can be chosen according to the specific requirements regarding the positioning of other bar profiles that terminate at the same structural node.

[0045] This solution allows for greater flexibility in the design of the cross-section by adapting the geometry to the specific requirements regarding load and connection.

[0046] Alternatively, the connection can be made at one of the ends of the first branch or at a variable intermediate position depending on the expected loads.

[0047] In other words, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to connect the plates 16, 18, 20 to realize specific cross-sections, depending on the arrangement of the other structural elements, such as bar profiles, that are to be connected.

[0048] Referring to Fig. 1. The third branch 202 with its end 204 can be connected to the second branch 182.

[0049] The second branch 182 can be connected to the third branch 202 at a point between the ends of the second branch 182.

[0050] For example, the third branch 202 with its end 204 can be connected at a point between the ends of the second branch 182.

[0051] In this case too, as explained in the present description, the connection position between the branches and in particular between the third branch 202 and the second branch 182 can be chosen according to the specific requirements regarding the positioning of other bar profiles that lead into the same structural node.

[0052] As mentioned previously, this configuration promotes structural continuity and load transfer between the different plates.

[0053] According to one aspect of the present invention, the connection point between the third branch 202 and the second branch 182 coincides with the center of gravity B of the cross-section 24 of the rod profile 12.

[0054] As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 1, the cross-section 24 can assume a K-shape.

[0055] The K-shape of the cross-section has proven to be particularly efficient from a structural point of view, as it facilitates the production of connections between the bars and reduces the amount of material required for the nodes.

[0056] According to one possible embodiment, the first branch 162 can be arranged at an angle 26 between 25° and 65°, preferably between 35° and 55° and more preferably at 45° with respect to the second branch 182.

[0057] In any case, the ability to vary the design angle between the branches allows the profile to be adapted to different load conditions and, in the case of roofs, to the specific spatial configurations of the roof.

[0058] Similarly, according to one possible embodiment, the second branch 182 can be arranged at an angle 28 between 60° and 100°, preferably between 70° and 90° and more preferably at 81.5° with respect to the third branch 202.

[0059] As already mentioned, the ability to vary the design angle between the branches allows the profile to be adapted to different load conditions and the specific spatial configurations of the roof.

[0060] In particular, the angles between the plates can be chosen based on specific FEM analyses or special architectural requirements.

[0061] As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 3, the rod profile 12 can comprise a first connecting end 30 and a second connecting end 32, wherein the plates 16, 18, 20 of these ends are provided with a plurality of holes 34 for the node connection 122 of the rod profiles 12.

[0062] According to a possible alternative embodiment, which is not shown in the accompanying figure, the connecting ends 30, 32 can be provided for direct welding or for the insertion of bolts or other quick-fastening systems.

[0063] As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 3, the rod profile 12 can include at least one intermediate connection zone 46, in which at least the second branch 182 and the third branch 202 are provided with a plurality of holes 34 for the node connection 122 with other rod profiles 12, 13.

[0064] According to one possible embodiment, the at least one intermediate connection zone 46 is located on an angle piece 48 in which the center of gravity axis b of the rod profile 12 has an inclination.

[0065] Advantageously, the inclination of the center of gravity axis b can be adapted to specific requirements by means of the angled piece 48. In particular, the inclination can be adapted to the dimensions of the dome and / or the longitudinal dimension of the rod profile 12.

[0066] In the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, Fig. 6A, Fig. Figure 6B shows the individual plates 16, 18, 20, from which the in Fig. The 3 shown bar profile 12 consists of two angle pieces 48.

[0067] As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6A, a first plate 16 has a first bend 50 and a second bend 52, which divide the first plate 16 into three areas: a first end area 164, a middle area 165 and a second end area 166.

[0068] According to one possible embodiment, in the plane containing the middle region 165, the longitudinal axis of the first end region 164 is inclined at an angle 167 to the longitudinal axis of the middle region 165, and the longitudinal axis of the second end region 164 is inclined at an angle 168 to the longitudinal axis of the middle region 165.

[0069] Advantageously, the inclination angles 167 and 168 can be located on the same side of the first plate 16.

[0070] According to one possible embodiment, the inclination 167 can be between 0° and 20°, and the inclination 168 can be between 0° and 20°. In any case, these values ​​are purely indicative, as these inclinations depend on the specific bending requirements of the corresponding lattice structure.

[0071] As in Fig. As can be seen in 6B, the bends 50 and 52 can have an inclination angle 169 of the position of the first end region 164 relative to the position of the middle region 165 and an inclination angle 170 of the position of the second end region 164 relative to the position of the middle region 165.

[0072] Advantageously, the tilt angle 169 can be between 0° and 20°, and the tilt angle 170 can also be between 0° and 20°. In any case, these values ​​are purely indicative, as these tilts depend on the specific bending requirements of the corresponding lattice structure.

[0073] Advantageously, the inclination angles 169 and 170 can be located on the same side of the first plate 16.

[0074] As in Fig. As can be seen in 4A, a second plate 18 has a first bend 54 and a second bend 56, which divide the first plate 16 into three areas: a first end area 184, a middle area 185 and a second end area 186.

[0075] As in Fig. As can be seen in 4B, the bends 54 and 56 can have an inclination angle 171 of the position of the first end region 184 relative to the position of the middle region 185 and an inclination angle 172 of the position of the second end region 184 relative to the position of the middle region 185.

[0076] Advantageously, the inclination angle 171 can be between 0° and 20°, and the inclination angle 172 can also be between 0° and 20°. In any case, these values ​​are purely indicative, as these inclinations depend on the specific bending requirements of the corresponding lattice structure.

[0077] Advantageously, the inclination angles 171 and 172 can be located on the same side of the first plate 18.

[0078] As in Fig. As can be seen in 5A, a third plate 20 has a first bend 58 and a second bend 60, which divide the third plate 20 into three areas: a first end area 204, a middle area 205 and a second end area 206.

[0079] According to one possible embodiment, in the plane containing the middle region 205, the longitudinal axis of the first end region 204 is inclined at an angle 173 to the longitudinal axis of the middle region 205, and the longitudinal axis of the second end region 204 is inclined at an angle 174 to the longitudinal axis of the middle region 205.

[0080] Advantageously, the inclination angles 173 and 174 can be located on the same side of the first plate 20.

[0081] According to one possible embodiment, the inclination 173 can be between 0° and 20°, and the inclination 174 can be between 0° and 20°. In any case, these values ​​are purely indicative, as these inclinations depend on the specific bending requirements of the corresponding lattice structure.

[0082] At least one of the connection ends 30, 32 and / or at least one intermediate connection zone 46 can be provided with at least one cross-connection plate 38 for the node connection 122 of the rod profiles 12, 13.

[0083] According to one possible embodiment, the cross-connecting plates 38 can be welded to the respective plates 16, 18, 20, 21.

[0084] By using cross-connection plates 38, the loads can be distributed more evenly across the nodes, thereby reducing local stresses and increasing the durability of the connections.

[0085] According to one possible embodiment, the cross-connecting plates 38 can be arranged between two adjacent plates. Advantageously, the cross-connecting plates are arranged perpendicular to the position of the respective plates 16, 18, 20, 21.

[0086] As can be seen in the attached Fig., the at least one cross-connecting plate 38 can be provided with a plurality of plate holes 40 for the node connection 122 at an intermediate connection zone 46 of the rod profiles 12, 13.

[0087] This solution facilitates the use of multiple screw connections and increases the safety and redundancy of the node connections.

[0088] According to possible alternative embodiments, the cross-connecting plate 38 can be provided with elongated holes to allow adjustments during assembly, or manufactured with quick-fastening systems.

[0089] With regard to the Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 the rod profile 12 can be integrated into a grid structure 120.

[0090] By integrating at least one bar profile 12, a grid structure optimized in terms of strength, lightness and ease of assembly is obtained, which is particularly suitable for vaulted roofs with large spans or for vaulted roofs exposed to heavy operating conditions.

[0091] According to one possible embodiment, the grid structure can be produced with at least one bar profile 12 as just described, and with bar profiles 13 (which are also referred to as "elements" in this treatise) of known type, for example cross profiles with right-angled arms; open double-T profiles, opposing angle profiles with tabs and opposing C-profiles with tabs.

[0092] As in Fig.As can be seen in Figure 9, at least one element 13 can be provided with at least one connection design 36 for connecting the element 13 to the bar profile 12.

[0093] The connection configurations 36 can, for example, be material extractions from one or more of the plates from which the element 13 is composed. Depending on the possible embodiments, the connection configurations 36 can have a cross-sectional profile that is defined by specific design and connection requirements.

[0094] The connection shapes 36 make it possible to adapt the ends of the plates to the specific requirements of the connection at the nodes, thus improving the geometric compatibility and strength of the connections.

[0095] Depending on the possible embodiment, the connection shapes 36 can be manufactured in advance or produced and / or adapted directly on the construction site by mechanical processing.

[0096] In the grid structure 120, at least one of the plates 18, 20 of a first rod profile 12, whose transverse axes 181, 201 intersect at the aforementioned centroid B, is aligned with the structural axes of at least one element 12, 13, which converges in a node connection 122 in accordance with an intermediate connection zone 46.

[0097] This alignment optimizes load transfer at the nodes, reduces parasitic stresses and improves the stability of the structure.

[0098] According to a possible alternative embodiment, the alignment can only be partially achieved or compensated for by additional stiffening elements.

[0099] At least one of the plates 18, 20 of a first bar profile 12, whose transverse axes 181, 201 intersect at the said centroid B, is arranged such that it is aligned with at least one bar profile 12, 13, which converges in a node connection 122 in accordance with an intermediate connection zone 46, so that the connection nodes coincide with the centroid axis b of the bar profile 12, which is defined by the centroid B of the cross section 24.

[0100] In this specific embodiment of the grid structure, particular reference was made to a profile with three plates 16, 18, 20, however the same considerations can also be applied to profiles with more than three plates, for example four plates 16, 18, 20, 21.

[0101] The bar profiles 12 can be connected to each other by connecting plates 42, which are arranged essentially parallel to at least one of the plates 16, 18, 20, which are welded together by longitudinal welds 22.

[0102] The use of connecting plates parallel to the plates facilitates the production of simple and robust connections, reduces the complexity of assembly operations and improves the alignment accuracy between the bars.

[0103] Advantageously, the connecting plates 42 are connected to the plates 16, 18, 20 via a screw connection.

[0104] The grid structure 120 can, for example, be a spherical, cylindrical or toric vaulted roof.

[0105] The advantages that can be achieved with a rod profile 12 and a grid structure 120 according to the present invention are now obvious.

[0106] In particular, a system for the production of movable roofs was made available, optimized thanks to FEM superelement modeling techniques, which allow the weight, deformations and natural frequencies of the structure to be kept within defined ranges.

[0107] In addition, a system was made available for which K-profiles were developed, which make roofing easier by simplifying the connections between the poles.

[0108] In addition, a system of profiles was provided in which the angles of incidence between the different plates serve to simplify the connections by examining the parallelism between the plates that make up the various rods of the spatial grid that forms the structure.

[0109] Furthermore, a system of elements was made available in which neither local instabilities nor global torsional or bending instabilities of the rods occur in the entire spatial configuration of the structure.

[0110] According to one aspect of the present invention, a system has been provided in which, by means of parameterized calculation techniques of academic origin, a series of cross profiles, including those with non-orthogonal arms, or K-profiles are identified which are specific for a particular overall spatial configuration and which meet the requirements for strength and stability.

[0111] According to another aspect of the present invention, a system has been provided in which the performance of specific profile sets for certain spatial solutions suitable for realizing a mobile vaulted roof is evaluated by using benchmarks.

[0112] In addition, a system was provided in which a set of optimal profiles for a given spatial configuration is determined by defining in advance the typological solutions to be used among the different rod types.

[0113] In addition, a system was provided in which the group of profiles is defined after optimizing the spatial arrangement of the bars in order to transfer the loads to the base within predefined areas.

[0114] In addition, a structural system consisting of a range of personalized profiles was made available, suitable for the production of spherical vaulted roofs with high mechanical strength and low mass.

[0115] Furthermore, a structural system consisting of a set of personalized profiles suitable for the construction of roofs capable of withstanding suction loads of, for example, 300 kg / m², has been made available. 2are exposed.

[0116] Furthermore, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles was made available, suitable for the production of canopies which, in the event of an earthquake with a recurrence period of 475 years, although supported by carriages, keep the deformation at the base within predefined ranges.

[0117] Furthermore, a structural system consisting of a set of personalized profiles was made available, suitable for the production of roofs that, despite being supported by carriages, ensure structural integrity in the event of an earthquake with a recurrence period of 475 years.

[0118] Furthermore, a structural system was developed from a series of personalized profiles suitable for the production of roofs that maintain their geometry and loads within specified limits during earthquakes with a recurrence period of 475 years.

[0119] In addition, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles was provided, which are mounted above a concrete base and, in the event of a severe earthquake, keep the deformations within specified limits so as not to affect the movement system of the vaulted roof above.

[0120] In addition, a structural system was developed consisting of a series of personalized profiles that are mounted above a concrete base and, in the event of an earthquake, keep the deformations within specified limits thanks to a stiffening crown whose behavior is similar to that of mechanical spindles.

[0121] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles has been made available which is suitable for the realization of a spherical vaulted roof and the attachment of a diffuse substructure for fastening the cladding.

[0122] In addition, a structural system was provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles suitable for the production of a spherical vaulted roof and the attachment of a substructure for the mounting of a louvered fascia.

[0123] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system has been provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles suitable for the production of a spherical vaulted roof and the production of passageways that can be closed with sliding doors.

[0124] According to another aspect of the present invention, a construction system has been provided which consists of a set of personalized profiles designed for use above a concrete base which, in the event of an earthquake, keeps deformations within predetermined limits thanks to the connection with adjacent structural elements that induce mechanical melting behavior.

[0125] In addition, a structural system was provided consisting of a series of personalized profiles designed for use above a raised concrete base, which, in the event of an earthquake, keeps deformations within predetermined limits despite having no horizontal elements.

[0126] In addition, a structural system was made available consisting of a series of personalized profiles designed for use above a raised concrete base, which, in the event of an earthquake, keeps deformations within specified limits thanks to a ring-shaped element that serves as a leveling element.

[0127] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system has been made available consisting of a set of personalized profiles selected for the realization of a cylindrical vaulted roof.

[0128] In addition, a structural system was provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles designed for the realization of a cylindrical vaulted roof that is subject to cyclic loads of more than 20 revolutions per day, 365 days a year and for 50 years.

[0129] In addition, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles was made available, enabling the production of vaulted roofs with high structural strength and low self-weight.

[0130] In addition, a structural system was made available from a series of personalized profiles, which were determined thanks to FEM simulations using the superelement technique originating from the aerospace industry.

[0131] In addition, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles suitable for the realization of spatial truss structures was provided.

[0132] In addition, a structural system consisting of a series of personalized profiles suitable for minimizing the weight of the connections was made available.

[0133] In addition, a structural system was made available consisting of a series of personalized profiles in which the weight of the elements comprising the structural nodes and the weight of the welds required to manufacture the elements are parameterized.

[0134] According to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system has been provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles to meet the strength requirements for dome roofs with a diameter of, for example, 80 m.

[0135] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system was provided which consists of a set of personalized cross profiles in which the angle between the bars corresponds to the angle of incidence of the profiles connected to them in the overall spatial configuration.

[0136] According to another aspect of the present invention, a structural system has been provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles suitable for the manufacture of roofs, which allow for easy connection between the components.

[0137] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structural system has been provided consisting of a set of personalized profiles suitable for the production of roofs that minimize the amount of material required to make the connections between the components.

[0138] In the embodiments described above, the person skilled in the art can make changes and / or replacements of the described elements with equivalent elements to meet specific requirements without departing from the scope of the attached claims. REFERENCE MARK: 12 bar profiles 13 Structural element 16 first record 18 second record 20 third record 21 fourth record 22 Longitudinal weld 24 Cross section 26 angles between first and second branch 28 angles between the second and third branch 30 first end of connection 32 second end of connection 34 connecting holes 36 Shaping 38 Cross connecting plate 40 plate holes 42 Connecting plate 44 Screw connection 46 Intermediate connection 48 Angle piece 50 first bend of the first plate 52 second bend of the first plate 54 first bend of the second plate 56 second bend of the second plate 58 first bend of the third plate 60 second bend of the third plate 120 grid structure 122 node connection 161 first transverse axis 162 first branch 164 first end area of ​​the first plate 165 middle area of ​​the first plate 166 second end area of ​​the first plate 167 Inclination angle between the first end area and the middle area of ​​the first plate 168° angle of inclination between the second end area and the middle area of ​​the first plate 169 Inclination angle of the position of the first end area relative to the middle area of ​​the first plate 170° Inclination angle of the position of the second end area relative to the middle area of ​​the first plate 171 Inclination angle of the position of the first end area relative to the middle area of ​​the second plate 172 Inclination angle of the position of the second end area relative to the middle area of ​​the second plate 181 second transverse axis 182 second branch 184 End of the second branch / first end area of ​​the second plate 185 middle area of ​​the second plate 186 second end area of ​​the second plate 201 third transverse axis 202 third branch 204 End of the third branch / first end area of ​​the third plate 211 fourth transverse axis 212 fourth branch 205 middle area of ​​the third plate 206 second end area of ​​the third plate B Focus b Center of gravity axis d distance to the center of gravity

Claims

[1] Rod profile (12) for lattice roof structures, comprising at least three plates (16, 18, 20) which are welded together by longitudinal welds (22) to form a monolithic element; wherein the rod profile (12) has a cross-section (24) defined by at least a first branch (162), a second branch (182) and a third branch (202), wherein each branch (162, 182, 202) corresponds to the track in the section plane of the at least three plates (16, 18, 20), wherein the first branch (162), the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) each have transverse axes (161, 181, 201); wherein the cross-section (24) has a centroid (B); characterized by , that the first branch (162) is connected with at least one of the second branch (182) and third branch (202); the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) are connected to each other; the first branch (162) has a predetermined distance (d) to the center of gravity (B); the center of gravity (B) lies at the intersection of the transverse axes (181, 201) of the second branch (182) and the third branch (202). [2] Rod profile (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized by , that the first branch (162) is connected to one end (184) of the second branch (182). [3] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the first branch (162) is connected to the second branch (182) at a position between the ends of the first branch (162). [4] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the third branch (202) is connected to the second branch (182) at one of its ends (204). [5] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the second branch (182) is connected to the third branch (202) at a point between the ends of the second branch (162). [6] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the cross-section (24) has a K-shape. [7] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the first branch (162) is inclined relative to the second branch (182) at an angle (26) between 25° and 65°, preferably between 35° and 55° and more preferably about 45°. [8] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the second branch (182) is inclined relative to the third branch (202) at an angle (28) between 60° and 100°, preferably between 70° and 90° and more preferably about 81.5°. [9] Rod profile (12) according to claim 1, characterized by, that the same has four plates (16, 18, 20, 21), wherein the first branch (162), the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) each have transverse axes (161, 181, 201, 211); wherein the first branch (162) is connected to at least one of the second branch (182), third branch (202) and fourth branch (212); where the second branch (182), the third branch (202) and the fourth branch (212) are connected to each other; where the center of gravity (B) lies at the intersection of the transverse axes (181, 201, 211) of the second branch (182), the third branch (202) and the fourth branch (212). [10] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the same has a first connecting end (30) and a second connecting end (32), wherein the plates (16, 18, 20) of the connecting ends (30, 32) are provided with a plurality of holes (34) for connecting the bar profiles (12). [11] Rod profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the same includes at least an intermediate connection zone (46) in which at least the second branch (182) and the third branch (202) are provided with a plurality of holes (34) for the node connection (122) with other rod profiles (12, 13). [12] Rod profile (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized by , that at least one intermediate connection zone (46) corresponds to an angle piece (48) at which the center of gravity axis (b) of the rod profile (12) has an inclination. [13] Rod profile (12) according to one of claims 11 to 12, characterized by , that the same comprises at least one cross-connecting plate (38) which is welded to at least one of the at least three plates (16, 18, 20) for the node connection (122) of the bar profiles (12, 13) with at least one intermediate connection zone (46). [14] Rod profile (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized by , that at least one cross-connecting plate (38) for the node connection (122) of the bar profiles (12) is provided with a plurality of plate holes (40) for the node connection (122) of the bar profiles (12, 13). [15] Lattice roof structure (120) comprising at least one bar profile (12) according to one of the preceding claims. [16] Lattice structure (120) according to the preceding claim, characterized by , that at least one of the plates (18, 20, 21) of a first bar profile (12), whose transverse axes (181, 201, 211) intersect at the centroid (B), is aligned with the structural axis of at least one bar profile (12, 13) which converges in a node connection (122) in accordance with an intermediate connection zone (46). [17] Lattice structure (120) according to one of claims 15 to 16, characterized by, that at least one of the plates (18, 20, 21) of a first bar profile (12), whose transverse axes (181, 201, 211) intersect at the centroid (B), is arranged such that it is aligned with at least one bar profile (12, 13) which converges at a node connection (122) at an intermediate connection zone (46), such that the connection nodes coincide with the centroid axis (b) of the bar profile (12), which is defined by the centroid (B) of the cross section (24). [18] Lattice structure (120) according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized by , that the at least one rod profile (12, 13) is a second rod profile (12) according to one of claims 1 to 14 or an element (13) selected from the group comprising: Cross profiles with right-angled arms; open double-T profiles, opposing angle profiles with webs and opposing C-profiles with webs. [19] Lattice structure (120) according to the preceding claim, characterized by , that at least one element (13) is provided with at least one connection design (36) for connecting the element (13) to the bar profile (12). [20] Lattice structure (120) according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized by , that the bar profiles (12, 13) are connected to each other by connecting plates (42) which are arranged substantially parallel to at least one of the at least three plates (16, 18, 20, 21) which are welded together by longitudinal welds (22). [21] Lattice structure (120) according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized by that the connecting plates (42) are connected by a screw connection (44). [22] Lattice structure (120) according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized by that it is a spherical, cylindrical or toric vaulted roof.

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