Device for intelligent composition for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease using phytochemicals derived from turmeric

Abstract

A device for the manufacture and administration of a smart therapeutic composition for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, the device comprising the following: an extraction chamber configured to isolate phytochemicals derived from turmeric, including curcuminoids and turmerones, from turmeric rhizome powder or pre-purified extracts, the extraction chamber further comprising a solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit and a temperature-controlled housing to maintain bioactive stability during extraction; a microfluidic encapsulation chamber which is operatively connected to the extraction chamber and is configured to embed the extracted phytochemicals in lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, wherein the encapsulation chamber comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel network, flow-controlled carrier inlets and a photonic scattering sensor to monitor the size distribution of the nanoparticles; a stabilization unit located downstream of the encapsulation chamber and configured to convert the encapsulated nanoparticles into stable formulations by means of freeze-drying or spray-drying, wherein the stabilization unit includes a humidity-controlled environment to maintain long-term storage stability; a delivery interface configured to deliver the stabilized formulations via oral capsules or transdermal patches, the delivery interface also including a microprocessor-operated dosage controller for programmable delivery schedules; a biosensor array integrated into the device, configured to detect biomarkers from the group consisting of glucose, indicators of oxidative stress, and β-amyloid fragments; and a feedback control system that is operationally connected to the biosensor array and the microfluidic encapsulation chamber, wherein the feedback control system includes an embedded microcontroller with adaptive techniques to dynamically adjust encapsulation ratios, nanoparticle size and dosing intervals based on patient-specific biomarker data.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to biomedical engineering and pharmaceutical technology, and in particular to an intelligent device for the production, formulation, and controlled delivery of compositions containing phytochemicals derived from turmeric, such as curcuminoids, turmerones, and related bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. The invention integrates mechanical design, microfluidics, encapsulation technologies, and sensor-actuator feedback mechanisms for the real-time production of stable therapeutic formulations tailored to the patient's physiological conditions. Background of the invention

[0002] Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a well-researched medicinal plant with recognized therapeutic potential due to the presence of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, ar-turmerone, and related phytochemicals. These compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that curcumin and turmerone improve insulin sensitivity, reduce β-amyloid plaque aggregation, modulate inflammatory signaling, and support cognitive health.

[0003] Despite this potential, the therapeutic application of turmeric-derived phytochemicals faces significant challenges, primarily due to low bioavailability, poor water solubility, rapid systemic metabolism, and inconsistent patient responses. Conventional formulations such as powders, tablets, and extracts do not provide stable pharmacokinetic performance in patients. While encapsulation techniques (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles) improve bioavailability, they lack patient-specific adaptation and integration into real-time monitoring of treatment outcomes.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a device that can generate intelligent formulations by combining turmeric-derived phytochemicals with biocompatible carriers, dynamically adjust formulation parameters based on patient biomarker feedback, and ensure targeted release for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Such a system should integrate mechanical subsystems for compound isolation, microfluidic encapsulation, and controlled release into a device architecture that guarantees reproducibility, stability, and therapeutic efficacy.

[0005] The therapeutic potential of turmeric-derived phytochemicals, particularly curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and turmerones, is widely recognized in the scientific literature due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic properties. In recent decades, researchers have sought to translate these natural compounds into effective clinical treatments for chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Both diseases exhibit complex pathophysiological mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein aggregation, making turmeric-derived phytochemicals attractive as multi-target therapeutic agents.Despite significant preclinical successes, the clinical implementation of turmeric compounds has been significantly hampered by the inherent physicochemical limitations of these molecules and the inadequacy of existing formulation and delivery approaches.

[0006] Traditional methods for administering turmeric-derived compounds have primarily relied on the direct ingestion of turmeric powder or crude extracts, typically encapsulated in gelatin capsules or added to dietary supplements. While such approaches are inexpensive and widely available, their efficacy is severely limited by curcumin's low water solubility and the resulting extremely low oral bioavailability. The molecule is rapidly metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, leading to minimal systemic concentrations. Clinical studies have shown that oral curcumin doses of up to several grams per day fail to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations, rendering crude extract formulations ineffective for treating chronic diseases.Furthermore, crude extracts contain different proportions of phytochemicals depending on the turmeric source, processing method and storage conditions, leading to batch variations and unpredictable pharmacological results.

[0007] To address these challenges, researchers have developed nanoparticle-based formulations, including polymer nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomal carriers. Polymer nanoparticles made from biocompatible materials such as PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) or chitosan have been extensively studied for encapsulating curcumin and improving its stability. These nanoparticles offer controlled release properties and protect curcumin from enzymatic degradation. However, most of these approaches are limited by low encapsulation efficiency and difficulties in achieving a uniform nanoparticle size distribution, which is crucial for predictable pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the mass production of polymer nanoparticles remains costly and technologically complex, limiting their transition from the laboratory to clinical practice.

[0008] Liposomal formulations have also been extensively studied, utilizing lipid bilayers to encapsulate curcumin and turmerones. Liposomes can enhance the solubility of hydrophobic molecules and enable targeted delivery to tissues such as the brain via passive diffusion or receptor-mediated uptake. Several curcumin-containing liposomal formulations have demonstrated improved bioavailability in animal models and some early human studies. However, liposomes are inherently unstable during long-term storage and are prone to aggregation, fusion, and leakage of the encapsulated compounds. Stabilization strategies such as lyophilization or freeze-drying often compromise liposome integrity and reduce therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, large-scale liposome production requires rigorous control of phospholipid quality and storage conditions, further complicating commercial viability.

[0009] Micelle systems and cyclodextrin complexes have been introduced as another class of solubilization strategies for turmeric phytochemicals. Micelles utilize amphiphilic molecules to encapsulate curcumin within hydrophobic cores, while cyclodextrins form host-guest complexes with curcumin molecules. Both approaches have demonstrated significant improvements in solubility and absorption profiles. However, micelles suffer from dilution instability in vivo, with the micelle structure breaking down in the dynamic gastrointestinal environment, leading to premature drug release and loss of efficacy. While cyclodextrin complexes improve solubility, they often exhibit weak binding affinities, limiting sustained release and controlled delivery.Furthermore, both systems still face significant hurdles when it comes to achieving targeted delivery to tissues such as the pancreas in diabetics or the brain in Alzheimer's patients, as the systemic circulation rapidly degrades the compounds.

[0010] Another promising area of ​​research involves phospholipid-based phytosomes, in which curcumin is bound to phosphatidylcholine to enhance gastrointestinal absorption. Phytosomes have demonstrated relatively higher stability and better absorption compared to liposomes in preclinical studies. Some commercial curcumin phytosome formulations have entered the nutraceutical market and have shown moderate improvements in bioavailability. However, the extent of therapeutic improvement remains insufficient to achieve sustained disease-modifying benefits, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases that require efficient penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The metabolic instability of curcumin continues to limit the duration of therapy, and phytosome formulations cannot dynamically adapt to varying patient needs.

[0011] In diabetes treatment, conventional drug delivery systems based on turmeric derivatives aim to regulate blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing systemic inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that turmeric supplements can slightly lower HbA1c levels and improve fasting blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, these effects are often inconsistent and highly dependent on patient compliance, the specific formulation, and concomitant therapies. The inability of existing turmeric formulations to provide stable therapeutic concentrations is a fundamental drawback, as blood glucose regulation requires sustained pharmacological intervention, not sporadic or fluctuating activity.Furthermore, patients with chronic diabetes often exhibit gastrointestinal dysmotility, which further complicates oral absorption and reduces the effectiveness of standard curcumin capsules or powders.

[0012] In the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the therapeutic potential of the secondary plant compounds in turmeric lies in their ability to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit β-amyloid aggregation, and modulate tau phosphorylation. Animal models have shown significant improvements in memory and cognitive behavior following curcumin treatment. However, translating these findings into clinical practice has been problematic. The major obstacle is the inability to deliver sufficient amounts of curcumin into the brain to achieve a neuroprotective effect. The blood-brain barrier presents a significant challenge, as free curcumin molecules have difficulty penetrating the brain. Nanoparticle-based approaches have partially addressed this problem, and some reports suggest enhanced uptake into the brain.However, systemic clearance and off-target distribution remain problematic, and none of the currently available turmeric-based formulations are approved as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.

[0013] Administering piperine showed promise. Piperine, a component of black pepper, inhibits the glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver and intestines, thereby increasing its systemic availability. However, this strategy carries new risks, as piperine itself can interact with numerous medications by disrupting their metabolizing enzymes. This can lead to undesirable drug interactions, making this method unsuitable for elderly Alzheimer's patients or diabetics already taking multiple medications. Furthermore, the improvement in bioavailability achieved with piperine remains modest and cannot fully compensate for curcumin's pharmacokinetic limitations.

[0014] Another approach involves the chemical modification of curcumin and turmerones to create synthetic analogs with improved solubility and metabolic stability. Some curcumin derivatives have shown increased efficacy and improved resistance to metabolic degradation in preclinical studies. However, chemical modifications often alter the safety profile of these molecules, necessitating a comprehensive toxicological evaluation. Furthermore, such derivatives may not fully replicate the pleiotropic benefits of natural turmeric phytochemicals, thus reducing their multi-target efficacy in diseases with complex molecular processes.

[0015] In addition to formulation challenges, existing therapeutic approaches lack the integration of patient-specific monitoring systems. In diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has revolutionized clinical management by enabling real-time tracking of blood glucose levels. However, currently available turmeric formulations have a static composition and cannot adapt to fluctuating glucose levels. Similarly, the course of Alzheimer's disease varies considerably from patient to patient and is influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Turmeric-based interventions are currently administered as fixed formulations without dynamic adjustment. The lack of adaptive, feedback-driven systems prevents optimization of treatment outcomes and contributes to inconsistent clinical efficacy.

[0016] Existing solutions for delivering turmeric phytochemicals are inadequate in many respects. Crude extracts and powders suffer from low bioavailability and variability. Formulations based on nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, cyclodextrin, and phytosomes offer incremental improvements but suffer from instability, manufacturing problems, or insufficient bioavailability. Concomitant administration with bioavailability enhancers carries the risk of drug interactions, and chemical analogs raise concerns regarding safety and efficacy. Most importantly, none of these solutions incorporates the real-time patient monitoring or adaptive feedback mechanisms essential for the treatment of chronic, dynamic diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's.The lack of such integration leads to a fundamental gap between the therapeutic potential of turmeric-based compounds and their clinical benefit. To close this gap, there is an urgent need for a smart device that not only stabilizes and releases turmeric's phytochemicals in a bioavailable form, but also dynamically adjusts its composition and dosage to patient-specific biomarkers. Such a device must combine advanced formulation science, real-time biosensors, and intelligent control systems to overcome the long-standing limitations of existing solutions and unlock the therapeutic potential of turmeric in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Summary of the invention

[0017] The invention comprises a device with an extraction chamber for isolating bioactive molecules from turmeric, a microfluidic encapsulation chamber for embedding the molecules in lipid-polymer hybrid carriers, a stabilization unit by means of lyophilization or spray drying for controlled storage, and a delivery interface for oral or transdermal administration. The device also includes biosensor arrays for detecting the patient's blood glucose level, markers of oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative biomarkers such as β-amyloid fragments, as well as a control unit with adaptive techniques for regulating encapsulation ratios, nanoparticle size distribution, and release profiles.

[0018] The device thus functions as an intelligent generator for therapeutic compositions, capable of producing stabilized formulations of turmeric phytochemicals for the treatment of chronic diseases when required.

[0019] The main objective of the present invention is to provide a device for the preparation and administration of an intelligent therapeutic composition of turmeric-derived phytochemicals, in particular curcuminoids and turmerones, for the effective treatment and management of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. A further objective of the invention is to overcome the limitations of conventional turmeric-based formulations by incorporating an integrated system that ensures improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the active phytochemicals, thereby achieving consistent pharmacological efficacy. A further objective of the invention is to provide a structural device that combines extraction, encapsulation, stabilization, and delivery in a single machine frame, thereby reducing variability and enabling reproducible therapeutic formulations.The invention also aims to introduce a feedback-controlled mechanism in which biosensors monitor patient-specific biomarkers, such as glucose levels and neurodegenerative indicators, and dynamically adjust the composition and dosage of the formulation in real time. Furthermore, the invention aims to develop a scalable and clinically adaptable device that can be used in both personalized healthcare and institutional therapy settings. This is intended to ensure compatibility with existing medical monitoring systems and minimize the risks associated with conventional adjuvants or chemical modifications.The aim of the invention is to provide a comprehensive and technologically advanced solution that closes the gap between the known therapeutic potential of phytochemicals derived from turmeric and their practical clinical application in chronic diseases with metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[0020] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood if the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which the same symbols consistently represent the same parts. The following applies: Fig. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a smart composition device for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease using phytochemicals derived from turmeric.

[0021] Experts will also recognize that the elements in the drawing are shown for the sake of simplicity and are not necessarily to scale. For example, the flowcharts illustrate the process by highlighting the main steps to enhance understanding of the aspects of this disclosure. Furthermore, with regard to the design of the device, one or more components of the device may be represented in the drawing by conventional symbols, and the drawing may show only the specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments of this disclosure, so as not to clutter the drawing with details that are readily apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this description. Detailed description of the invention

[0022] For a better understanding of the inventive principles, reference is made below to the embodiment shown in the drawing, which is described in specific terminology. However, this does not limit the scope of the invention. Changes and further modifications of the illustrated system, as well as further applications of the inventive principles, are possible, as would normally occur to a person skilled in the art in the field of invention.

[0023] It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the preceding general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended as a limitation of it.

[0024] References in this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect”, or similar expressions mean that a particular feature, structure, or property described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, occurrences of the expressions “in one embodiment”, “in another embodiment”, and similar expressions in this specification may all refer to the same embodiment, but need not.

[0025] The terms "includes," "include," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that includes a list of steps may not only contain those steps but may also include other steps not expressly listed or inherent in such process or method. Likewise, the statement "includes..." in the case of one or more devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components does not, without further limitations, preclude the existence of other devices, subsystems, elements, structures, components, or additional devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by a person skilled in the art in the field of the invention. The system, methods, and examples provided here serve only for illustration and are not to be construed as a limitation.

[0027] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing.

[0028] Fig.Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a smart compounding device for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease using phytochemicals derived from turmeric. The System 100 comprises: an extraction chamber (102) configured to isolate turmeric-derived phytochemicals, including curcuminoids and turmerones, from turmeric rhizome powder or pre-purified extracts, the extraction chamber further comprising a solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit (102a) and a temperature-controlled enclosure to maintain bioactive stability during extraction;a microfluidic encapsulation chamber (104) operationally connected to the extraction chamber and configured to embed the extracted phytochemicals in lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, the encapsulation chamber comprising a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel network, flow-controlled carrier inlets, and a photon scattering sensor for monitoring the size distribution of the nanoparticles; a stabilization unit (106) downstream of the encapsulation chamber that converts the encapsulated nanoparticles into stable formulations by lyophilization or spray drying, the stabilization unit comprising a humidity-controlled environment to maintain long-term storage stability; a delivery interface (108) that delivers the stabilized formulations via oral capsules or transdermal patches, the delivery interface further comprising a microprocessor-controlled dosage regulator for programmable delivery schedules;a biosensor array (110) integrated into the device, which detects biomarkers from the group consisting of glucose, indicators of oxidative stress and β-amyloid fragments; and a feedback control system (112) which is operationally connected to the biosensor array and the microfluidic encapsulation chamber, wherein the feedback control system comprises an embedded microcontroller with adaptive techniques for dynamically adjusting encapsulation ratios, nanoparticle size and dosing intervals based on patient-specific biomarker data.

[0029] In one embodiment, the solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit (102a) of the extraction chamber comprises a high-frequency transducer coupled to a variable-frequency generator, and wherein the extraction process is carried out in an aqueous-ethanolic solvent system under a closed heat regulation module, such that the degradation of phytochemicals by excessive heat or oxidation is minimized and the extract yield is maintained above 85% relative to the crude turmeric input.

[0030] In one embodiment, the microfluidic encapsulation chamber (104) further comprises: a first microchannel inlet for lipid precursors selected from phosphatidylcholine, lecithin, or synthetic phospholipids; a second microchannel inlet for biodegradable polymers selected from PLGA, PCL, or chitosan; a third microchannel inlet for the extracted phytochemical solution; and wherein the microchannels converge in a hydrodynamic focusing connection (104a) such that nanoparticle formation is controlled by controlled laminar flow dynamics, resulting in encapsulated nanoparticles with mean diameters between 50 nm and 200 nm and a polydispersity index of less than 0.25.

[0031] In one embodiment, the stabilization unit (106) comprises a lyophilization module with a vacuum chamber, a condenser plate cooled to below -40 °C and a programmable heating plate, in which the nanoparticles are first frozen in place and then subjected to primary and secondary drying cycles, resulting in powder formulations with a residual moisture content of less than 2% and a storage stability of over six months under ambient conditions.

[0032] In one embodiment, the dispensing interface (108) comprises a subsystem for filling capsules and a subsystem for producing transdermal patches, wherein the subsystem for filling capsules comprises a rotary carousel with multiple dispensing cavities connected to the output of the stabilization unit, and the transdermal subsystem comprises a nozzle for depositing a polymeric patch matrix coupled to a precision stepper motor, so that, as required, either oral or transdermal dosage forms can be produced under programmable control.

[0033] In one embodiment, the biosensor array (110) comprises: an electrochemical glucose sensor utilizing an immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme layer deposited on a conductive electrode; a fluorescence-based oxidative stress sensor utilizing ROS-sensitive fluorophores encapsulated in a hydrogel matrix; and a β-amyloid sensor utilizing an antibody-functionalized piezoelectric resonator to detect β-amyloid fragments in the interstitial fluid, each sensor being electronically connected to the embedded microcontroller for continuous data acquisition and signal processing.

[0034] In one embodiment, the feedback control system (112) is implemented by a microcontroller integrated with wireless communication modules selected from Bluetooth Low Energy or Wi-Fi, wherein the microcontroller is configured to perform adaptive machine learning techniques that adjust the encapsulation flow rates, nanoparticle carrier ratios, and dosing cycles in real time, and wherein the processed data are transmitted to an external mobile health application for clinician access and remote monitoring.

[0035] In one embodiment, the hydrodynamic focusing compound (104a) also includes embedded pressure sensors and piezoelectric actuators to dynamically modulate the channel width, so that fluctuations in the flow rate or viscosity of the phytochemical extract are compensated for by real-time channel adjustments, thereby ensuring uniform nanoparticle synthesis even under variable extraction conditions.

[0036] In one embodiment, the subsystem for manufacturing the transdermal patch also includes a multilayer deposition unit configured to sequentially deposit a nanoparticle-loaded polymer film, a rate-regulating membrane, and an adhesive carrier layer, with the thickness of each layer being dynamically adjusted by a laser-controlled thickness monitoring system, thereby ensuring consistent transdermal release profiles for Alzheimer's patients who require uniform penetration of the blood-brain barrier.

[0037] In one embodiment, the β-amyloid sensor is equipped with a dual-mode detection system that combines piezoelectric resonance frequency shifts with impedance spectroscopy. Regular calibration routines are performed using reference solutions containing synthetic β-amyloid peptides. This ensures a sensor accuracy of ±5% of the actual biomarker concentration in the patient's interstitial fluid samples.

[0038] The device described in the claims functions as an integrated therapy platform, with each subsystem operating in a coordinated manner under a central control unit that ensures precision in extraction, encapsulation, stabilization, delivery, and therapeutic feedback. A detailed description of the invention, with particular emphasis on the adaptive control, follows.

[0039] During the process, turmeric rhizome powder or pre-purified turmeric extract is placed in the extraction chamber, where solvent-assisted ultrasonic cavitation is employed. The ultrasonic transducers generate high-frequency waves that disrupt the plant matrix, thereby promoting the release of curcuminoids and turmerones into the solvent medium, which is typically a hydroalcoholic system. A closed-loop thermal control system maintains the chamber within an optimal temperature range of 25–40 °C, thus preventing the degradation of heat-sensitive phytochemicals. The extracted solution is continuously monitored by optical density sensors to quantify its concentration, and this data is transmitted to the central engineering department for optimizing the extraction yield.The control technology uses a proportional-integral differential control loop (PID) to regulate the ultrasonic power, solvent flow rate and temperature setpoints, thereby achieving high reproducibility across multiple extraction runs.

[0040] The extracted solution is then directed into the microfluidic encapsulation chamber, where precise nanoparticle formation takes place. This chamber is equipped with converging microchannels that introduce lipid precursors, biodegradable polymers, and phytochemical extract into a hydrodynamic focusing compound. The central technology regulates the flow rates via micropumps connected to pressure sensors and flow meters. The control technology includes a predictive adaptive control routine that estimates the viscosity and flow dynamics of the extract in real time. By employing model predictive control (MPC) techniques, the system predicts variations in the size distribution of the nanoparticles and compensates for them by modulating the carrier-extract ratios and adjusting the actuator-controlled microchannel widths.The photonic scattering sensor embedded in the encapsulation chamber continuously provides data on the size distribution of the nanoparticles, which are processed by a Kalman filter for noise reduction. This filtered data is fed back into the adaptive technology, enabling the consistent production of nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, typically 50–200 nm, and low polydispersity indices.

[0041] The stabilization unit is directly connected to the encapsulation chamber and uses either lyophilization or spray drying, depending on the formulation requirements. The central control system manages the stabilization cycle by scheduling the freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying stages in the case of lyophilization, or by regulating the airflow, inlet temperature, and feed rate in the case of spray drying. An integrated fuzzy logic module determines the optimal stabilization path based on nanoparticle stability indicators, moisture content measurements, and batch size. For example, if the photonic scattering sensor detects increased aggregation tendencies, the system automatically prioritizes lyophilization over spray drying. Humidity sensors within the chamber are monitored in real time, and the system adjusts heating profiles to ensure the final product maintains a residual moisture content of less than 2%.This prevents the degradation of nanoparticles and increases storage stability to over six months under ambient conditions.

[0042] The delivery interface is programmed to dispense stabilized nanoparticles into oral capsules or polymeric transdermal patches. The microcontroller controlling this subsystem receives dosing schedules that are either pre-programmed by physicians or dynamically adjusted based on feedback from the biosensor array. For capsule filling, the system synchronizes the cavity indexing of the rotary carousel with nanoparticle dosing pumps, ensuring precise volumetric filling. For transdermal patch manufacturing, the control system performs a layer-by-layer deposition cycle, regulating the deposition of the polymer matrix, the incorporation of the nanoparticles, the membrane coating, and the adhesive backing. A laser-guided layer thickness sensor provides feedback to ensure that each patch maintains a consistent drug load and release kinetics.The adaptive control loop adjusts the deposition speed and nozzle pressure based on detected deviations, thus ensuring consistent patch performance across all batches.

[0043] The biosensor array is integrated directly into the patient interface and continuously acquires biomarker data. The glucose sensor utilizes an electrochemical transduction mechanism, where the enzymatic oxidation of glucose generates a proportional current signal. The oxidative stress sensor is based on ROS-sensitive fluorescent probes, and the β-amyloid sensor employs antibody-functionalized piezoelectric resonators. These sensors provide analog data streams, which are digitized and preprocessed within the device. The technique applies feature extraction routines to each data stream, including baseline drift correction, signal smoothing with moving average filters, and peak detection for transient biomarker fluctuations. For multisensor integration, the technique uses a Bayesian data fusion framework to derive a composite biomarker index, which is then used as a control variable for dosage optimization.

[0044] The feedback control system is the central computing module and executes multi-stage adaptive techniques. At the primary level, sensor data is used to control the formulation process, including extraction concentration, encapsulation ratios, and stabilization pathways. At the secondary level, biomarker values ​​are used to dynamically modulate the therapeutic release. In diabetic patients, glucose sensor data is mapped to a predefined therapeutic window. If elevated glucose levels are detected, the control technique increases the release frequency of the capsule or patch within clinically safe limits. Conversely, the technique reduces the dosing intervals when glucose levels stabilize to avoid hypoglycemia.In Alzheimer's patients, the detection of elevated β-amyloid fragment levels triggers adjustments to the nanoparticle size and surface charge properties, optimized for improved penetration of the blood-brain barrier. This is achieved by modifying the polymer-lipid ratios in the encapsulation chamber, controlled in real time by adaptive technology.

[0045] The technology incorporates machine learning subprograms to continuously improve therapeutic personalization. The control system utilizes reinforcement learning, recording dosage measures and corresponding biomarker responses over time to refine control guidelines. A reward function minimizes biomarker deviations from the therapeutic target range and penalizes overdosing or underdosing. Over successive treatment cycles, the reinforcement learning technique approximates optimal, patient-specific dosing strategies. The microcontroller is also equipped with wireless modules such as Bluetooth Low Energy and Wi-Fi, enabling real-time synchronization with external mobile health applications.This connectivity allows physicians to remotely monitor biomarker trends, dosage histories, and formulation parameters, and to intervene by updating control techniques or prescribing new dosage protocols.

[0046] In an advanced embodiment, the device utilizes predictive techniques that model disease progression trends. Time-series biomarker data from glucose and β-amyloid sensors are analyzed using ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) models and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). These predictive models forecast future biomarker fluctuations and proactively adjust formulation plans. For example, if a postprandial glucose spike is predicted, the device initiates a preventive release of curcumin nanoparticles before the glucose peak is reached, thus smoothing glycemic fluctuations. Similarly, if β-amyloid accumulation tendencies indicate worsening neurodegenerative activity, the device increases the frequency of nanoparticle production to optimize brain penetration.

[0047] The combination of extraction precision, microfluidic nanoparticle technology, stabilization control, biosensor-driven biomarker monitoring, and adaptive, technology-based feedback creates an integrated, intelligent system. This system effectively bridges the translational gap between the known therapeutic potential of turmeric-derived phytochemicals and their inconsistent clinical benefit by ensuring patient-specific, real-time optimized delivery. The technology, acting as the intelligent core of the device, not only ensures technical stability during the formulation process but also guarantees dynamic therapy personalization in response to the patient's constantly changing physiological conditions.

[0048] In the process, turmeric extract is introduced into the extraction chamber, where an ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction is performed. The resulting phytochemical-rich solution is then transferred to the microfluidic encapsulation chamber, where controlled mixing with carrier materials creates nanoparticles that encapsulate curcumin and turmerone. Particle stability and uniformity are monitored by a photonic sensor, while adaptive technology adjusts flow rates and ratios in real time. The encapsulated nanoparticles are then transferred to the stabilization unit for freeze-drying, producing dry powder formulations that are stored under controlled conditions.

[0049] After initiating a treatment cycle, the delivery interface releases a calibrated dose of the stabilized formulation based on real-time biosensor measurements. In diabetic patients, glucose sensors dynamically regulate the release frequency, while in Alzheimer's patients, neurodegenerative biomarkers control dose adjustment. The overall device thus ensures improved therapeutic efficacy of the turmeric-derived phytochemicals through the combination of precision mechanics, microfluidics, encapsulation science, and biomedical feedback control.

[0050] The present invention relates to biomedical devices and pharmaceutical formulation systems, and in particular to a device for the production, stabilization, and controlled delivery of bioactive compounds. Specifically, it is an intelligent, machine-implemented system for the production of nanoparticle-based therapeutic compositions from turmeric phytochemicals such as curcuminoids and turmerones, with integrated biosensor feedback and adaptive control techniques for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. The invention lies at the interface of pharmaceutical engineering, bioelectronics, microfluidics, and digital health technologies.

[0051] The drawing and the preceding description show examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the described elements can be combined to form a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements can be divided into several functional elements. Elements of one embodiment can be added to another embodiment. For example, the sequence of the processes described here can be changed and is not limited to the manner described here. Furthermore, the actions of a flowchart need not be implemented in the sequence shown; nor does it necessarily have to be performed by all actions. Actions that are not dependent on other actions can also be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples.Numerous variations are possible, whether explicitly stated in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimensions, and material usage. The range of embodiments is at least as broad as specified in the following claims.

[0052] Advantages, further benefits, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the advantages, benefits, solutions to problems, and all components that may lead to a particular advantage or solution occurring or becoming more apparent are not to be construed as critical, necessary, or essential features or components of any or all claims. REFERENCES 100 A device for intelligent composition for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's using secondary plant compounds derived from turmeric. 102 Extraction chamber 102a Solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit 104 Microfluidic encapsulation chamber 104a Hydrodynamic focusing compound 106 Stabilization unit 108 Delivery interface 110 Biosensor array 112 Feedback control system

Claims

[1] A device for manufacturing and administering a smart therapeutic composition for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, the device comprising: an extraction chamber configured to isolate phytochemicals derived from turmeric, including curcuminoids and turmerones, from turmeric rhizome powder or pre-purified extracts, the extraction chamber further comprising a solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit and a temperature-controlled housing to maintain bioactive stability during extraction; a microfluidic encapsulation chamber which is operatively connected to the extraction chamber and is configured to embed the extracted phytochemicals in lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, wherein the encapsulation chamber comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel network, flow-controlled carrier inlets and a photonic scattering sensor to monitor the size distribution of the nanoparticles; a stabilization unit located downstream of the encapsulation chamber and configured to convert the encapsulated nanoparticles into stable formulations by means of freeze-drying or spray-drying, wherein the stabilization unit includes a humidity-controlled environment to maintain long-term storage stability; a delivery interface configured to deliver the stabilized formulations via oral capsules or transdermal patches, the delivery interface also including a microprocessor-operated dosage controller for programmable delivery schedules; a biosensor array integrated into the device, configured to detect biomarkers from the group consisting of glucose, indicators of oxidative stress, and β-amyloid fragments; and a feedback control system that is operationally connected to the biosensor array and the microfluidic encapsulation chamber, wherein the feedback control system includes an embedded microcontroller with adaptive techniques to dynamically adjust encapsulation ratios, nanoparticle size and dosing intervals based on patient-specific biomarker data. [2] Device according to claim 1, wherein the solvent-assisted ultrasonic unit of the extraction chamber comprises a high-frequency transducer connected to a variable-frequency generator, and wherein the extraction process is carried out in an aqueous-ethanolic solvent system under a closed heat regulation module, such that the degradation of phytochemicals by excessive heat or oxidation is minimized and the extract yield is maintained above 85% relative to the crude turmeric input. [3] The device according to claim 1, wherein the microfluidic encapsulation chamber further comprises: a first microchannel inlet for lipid precursors selected from phosphatidylcholine, lecithin or synthetic phospholipids; a second microchannel inlet for biodegradable polymers selected from PLGA, PCL or chitosan; a third microchannel inlet for the extracted phytochemical solution; and wherein the microchannels converge in a hydrodynamic focusing connection, so that the nanoparticle formation is controlled by a controlled laminar flow dynamics, resulting in encapsulated nanoparticles with mean diameters between 50 nm and 200 nm and a polydispersity index of less than 0.

25. [4] Device according to claim 1, wherein the stabilization unit comprises a lyophilization module with a vacuum chamber, a condenser plate cooled to below -40 °C and a programmable heating rack, and wherein the nanoparticles are first frozen in place and then subjected to primary and secondary drying cycles, thereby producing powder formulations with a residual moisture content of less than 2% and a storage stability of over six months under ambient conditions. [5] Device according to claim 1, wherein the dispensing interface comprises a subsystem for filling capsules and a subsystem for producing transdermal patches, wherein the subsystem for filling capsules comprises a rotary carousel with multiple dispensing cavities connected to the output of the stabilization unit, and the transdermal subsystem comprises a nozzle connected to a precision stepper motor for depositing a polymeric patch matrix, so that, if required, either oral or transdermal dosage forms are produced under programmable control. [6] Device according to claim 1, wherein the biosensor array comprises: an electrochemical glucose sensor that uses an immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme layer deposited on a conductive electrode; a fluorescence-based oxidative stress sensor that utilizes ROS-sensitive fluorophores encapsulated in a hydrogel matrix; and a β-amyloid sensor that uses an antibody-functionalized piezoelectric resonator to detect β-amyloid fragments in the interstitial fluid, where each sensor is electronically connected to the embedded microcontroller for continuous data acquisition and signal processing. [7] Device according to claim 1, wherein the feedback control system is implemented by a microcontroller integrated with wireless communication modules selected from Bluetooth Low Energy or Wi-Fi, wherein the microcontroller is configured to perform adaptive machine learning techniques that adjust the encapsulation flow rates, nanoparticle carrier ratios and dosing cycles in real time, and wherein the processed data are transmitted to an external mobile health application for access by clinicians and remote monitoring. [8] Device according to claim 3, wherein the hydrodynamic focusing connection further comprises embedded pressure sensors and piezoelectric actuators to dynamically modulate the channel width so that fluctuations in the flow rate or viscosity of the phytochemical extract are compensated for by channel adjustments in real time, thereby ensuring uniform nanoparticle synthesis even under variable extraction conditions. [9] Device according to claim 5, wherein the subsystem for producing the transdermal patch further comprises a multilayer deposition unit configured to successively deposit a nanoparticle-loaded polymer film, a velocity-controlling membrane and an adhesive carrier layer, wherein the thickness of each layer is dynamically adjusted by a laser-controlled thickness monitoring system, thereby ensuring consistent transdermal release profiles for Alzheimer's patients who require continuous penetration of the blood-brain barrier. [10] Device according to claim 6, wherein the β-amyloid sensor is equipped with a dual-mode detection system that combines piezoelectric resonance frequency shifts with impedance spectroscopy, and wherein regular calibration routines are performed using reference solutions containing synthetic β-amyloid peptides, thereby ensuring a sensor accuracy within ±5% of the actual biomarker concentration in interstitial fluid samples of the patient.

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