Steel staircase with load-bearing stringers

Abstract

Steel staircase (1) with two load-bearing, variable-incline outer stringers (2) and stair treads (3) arranged between the stringers (2), the inclination of which is variable about a preferably horizontal axis transverse to the flight of stairs, wherein the stair treads (3) are connected to the stringers (2) by at least two fastening elements, preferably screw connections, per stringer (2), and wherein the stringers (2) have at least two recesses (4) for receiving fastening elements per stair tread (3), characterized in that the stringers (2) are designed as two-part load-bearing structures in the form of a steel stringer base (5) and a steel stringer cap (6), and the stringer cap (6) and the stringer base (5) overlap along the flight of stairs over several stair treads (3) on at least two, in particular opposite, side surfaces.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a steel staircase with load-bearing stringers and steps arranged between the stringers, the inclination of which is variable. State of the art

[0002] Stringer staircases have been well known in the state of the art for a very long time as easy-to-erect, very load-bearing and self-supporting structures for creating connecting paths between different levels, especially on and in structures such as buildings.

[0003] A stringer staircase is to be distinguished from a central stringer staircase, in which the steps are not arranged on or between two outer stringers, but on a centrally arranged stringer.

[0004] Stringer staircases made of steel have been widespread since the beginning of industrialization. In these staircases, the supporting elements, called stringers or beams, are made of steel, preferably steel profiles. Such staircases are frequently used on ships, as a practical and economical connection between building levels, or as emergency and / or fire escapes, for example in or on industrial and commercial buildings.

[0005] The steps on or between the steel cheeks can also be made of steel, for example in the form of corrugated sheets or gratings, or of other materials such as other metals or, for example, wood, stone, glass or screed / concrete or a mix of materials.

[0006] Due to their widespread use, steel staircases are often prefabricated in common dimensions and designed for maximum versatility. This includes allowing the angle of inclination of a steel staircase to be variable within a certain range. To ensure that the treads remain horizontal even with varying stringer angles, the treads mounted between the stringers can be designed to rotate relative to the stringers within a predetermined angular range.

[0007] Such a design of a steel staircase is known, for example, from US 4631880, in which the treads can be connected laterally to the stringer by two fasteners, and in which the treads are rotatably arranged about the first of the fasteners. For mounting the second fastener, the stringer has a plurality of fastener openings, the use of which depends on the installation angle of the staircase, and which can be used alternatively. Disclosure of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a solution for improving a steel staircase with load-bearing stringers and steps arranged between the stringers, in particular with steps that are adjustable in their inclination.

[0009] The problem is solved according to the invention by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0010] According to the invention, a steel staircase is provided with two load-bearing, variable-inclination outer stringers and treads arranged between the stringers, the inclination of which is variable relative to the course of the steel staircase and / or about a preferably horizontal axis transverse to the course of the staircase, wherein the tread is connected to the stringers by at least two fastening elements, preferably screw connections, and the stringers have at least two recesses for receiving fastening elements for each tread, wherein the stringers are designed in two load-bearing parts in the form of a steel stringer base and a steel stringer cap, and the stringer cap and the stringer base overlap along the course of the staircase over several, in particular three or more, steps, on at least two, in particular opposite, side surfaces.where, advantageously, the cheek cover support encloses the cheek base support on opposite sides.

[0011] Constructing a stringer staircase as a steel staircase offers several advantages. For example, a steel staircase can be dimensioned relatively easily in terms of length or load-bearing capacity by appropriately designing the steel stringers. This allows for the use of comparatively heavy stair treads, such as screed-filled treads or treads made of solid stone like marble, as an alternative to steps made of grating or checker plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the stair railings and handrails of the steel staircase can also be made of steel. For outdoor use, it can be protected against corrosion by hot-dip galvanizing. The steel construction allows for relatively delicate designs. As an alternative to galvanized steel, the steel staircase can, for example, be made of stainless steel.

[0013] The stringers of the steel staircase preferably have a uniform, preferably slim, vertical profile over a flight of at least three steps, and in particular over the entire length of the staircase. Advantageously, such a stringer can have a continuous sloping top and bottom edge over the entire flight of stairs. This offers the advantage of relatively inexpensive manufacturing, especially for straight staircases.

[0014] The stringers, preferably made of steel profiles, are subjected to compression and tension primarily in the vertical direction in straight flights, making slender, upright profiles well-suited for load transfer. They are preferably designed as U-profiles or flat steel. When forming a stringer using a U-profile, the U-profile can preferably be used in a side-turned position. Thus, when forming a stringer with a U-profile, the legs of the U can form the upper and lower ends of the stringer, and the base of the U can form the sides of the stringer, preferably facing inwards towards the treads. This variant offers the advantage that the treads can be easily connected to the flat base of the U-profile.

[0015] The cheek cover support and the cheek base support can be made from the same profile or from different profiles. In an advantageous embodiment, both the cheek cover support and the cheek base support can have a U-profile. The cheek cover support can be placed on the cheek base support in such a way that the legs of the opposing U-profiles of the cheek cover support and cheek base support lie against each other, creating a cavity between the U-profiles.

[0016] Advantageously, the cheek cover support and the cheek base support have a U-profile that is coordinated with each other, wherein the legs of the U advantageously form the lower and upper end faces of, for example, a vertical profile, and the bottoms of the U form the side faces of the vertical profile that are wider compared to the end faces and form the cheek sides, one of which is oriented inwards towards the stair treads, and one outwards.

[0017] This design offers several advantages. By overlapping the end faces, the areas of the profile most subjected to tensile and compressive stresses are made double-walled. If the stringer is designed as a relatively slender, vertical profile, the end faces form those areas of the profile that contribute most significantly to the area moment of inertia of the stringer, which is composed of the stringer cap beam and stringer base beam. The resulting comparatively good bending stiffness of the stringer allows for optimization of the staircase in terms of load-bearing capacity and / or material requirements.

[0018] On the other hand, such a design offers the advantage of giving the steel staircase a more sophisticated appearance. For example, adjustable steel staircases typically feature a variety of alternatively usable recesses, or curved slots in which bolts or screws can be moved to adjust the angle of inclination.

[0019] Advantageously, the stringer base can be oriented inwards towards the stair treads, and the stringer cap beam can be oriented outwards. The stringer base beam, and in particular only this beam facing the stair treads, can have multiple recesses for mounting the stair treads using fasteners. The stringer cap beam can advantageously be designed without recesses, for example, for a more refined appearance and / or better load-bearing capacity.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the steel staircase, the stringer cap beam and / or the stringer base beam have a rebate extending over several steps or a bend extending over several steps, preferably at right angles, which is oriented parallel to the staircase. Hereinafter, the term "bend" is synonymous with a side surface formed by bending.

[0021] This design of stringer base beams and / or stringer cap beams offers the advantage that a beam can be formed from a flat sheet metal sheet using one or more bending operations. Advantageously, stringer base beams and stringer cap beams can be formed from sheets of the same type. Furthermore, by changing the configuration of a bending machine, stringers for steel staircases with modified dimensions can also be produced from sheets of the same type.

[0022] At the same time, forming a fold or a bend improves the bending stiffness of the sheet metal, which is particularly advantageous for cheeks that extend over several steps.

[0023] By means of a right-angled, and in particular each right-angled, bend, upper and / or lower end faces of the side panel support and the side panel base support can be formed, which lie against each other when the side panel base support and side panel support are joined. In an advantageous embodiment, the overlap is designed such that the side surfaces of the base support and the base panel support formed by bends lie flat against each other over substantially the full width of the end face. Alternatively, or in another area of ​​the side panels, an overlap can be achieved by the side surfaces of the side panel support and the base panel support formed by bends lying flat against each other over a partial surface of the end face, or by an edge surface of the side panel support formed by bends overlapping with an edge surface of the base panel support.

[0024] A design of the latter type can advantageously be implemented in those sections of the cheek which are subject to a comparatively low bending load, for example parallel to the exit step or parallel to the lowest riser step.

[0025] Advantageously, the width of the chamfer corresponds to the width of an end face of the cheek being formed. This ensures that the entire end face of the cheek is double-walled due to the overlapping chamfers of the cheek base beam and the cheek cap beam.

[0026] Furthermore, the cheek cover support and / or the cheek base support advantageously feature a second, preferably right-angled, bend which is not oriented parallel to the first fold or bend. Such a design has the advantage that a positive fit can be achieved between the cheek base support and the cheek cover support, which, independent of further connecting measures or fasteners, ensures a self-adjusting, precise fit and thus also supports the distribution of load forces to both the cheek base support and the cheek cover support. Advantageously, the cheek base support and the cheek cover support also overlap on at least two non-parallel side surfaces.

[0027] An overlap of the side surfaces of the stringer cap beam and the stringer base beam advantageously occurs at least over a section of the staircase consisting of at least three steps, and particularly advantageously over the entire staircase. Regardless of the width of the overlap, the stringer base beam is advantageously encompassed by the stringer cap beam beyond the height of its profile, depending on the design and corresponding to the width of the stringer side.

[0028] In an advantageous embodiment of the steel staircase, the stringer cover beam and the stringer base beam each have a U-profile and at least two, in particular substantially completely, overlapping side surfaces.

[0029] Furthermore, it is advantageous if one of the side surfaces is oriented parallel to the exit step or the stair landing, and / or one of the side surfaces is oriented parallel to the lowest riser.

[0030] Besides offering a higher-quality appearance, this design has the advantage of closing a cavity formed by the cheek base support and cheek cover support, thus preventing unintentional intrusion, especially the falling of objects into the difficult-to-access cavity of the cheek.

[0031] Furthermore, the steel staircase is advantageously designed such that the stringer, formed from the stringer base beam and the stringer cap beam, has a substantially constant profile over a flight of at least three steps, preferably over the entire flight. Such a design offers the advantage of a uniform load distribution along the stringer, thus avoiding load peaks, as well as the advantage of simple manufacturing.

[0032] Advantageously, stringer head beams and stringer base beams can extend in a straight line along the entire flight of stairs. Compared to, for example, a spiral or generally curved flight of stairs, a straight flight offers the advantage that a beveled surface parallel to the rebate does not experience any change in length; therefore, the beveled side surface does not need to be stretched or compressed. Drawings

[0033] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0034] They show Fig. 1 a left-hand section of an embodiment of a steel staircase with two-part load-bearing stringers and intermediate stair treads; Fig. 2 an embodiment of a steel cheek base beam and a steel cheek cover beam; Fig. 3 a cheek made up of a cheek base support and a cheek cover support; Fig. 4 an embodiment of a punching and folding pattern for the production of a cheek cover support from a sheet of steel.

[0035] Fig. Figure 1 shows a left-hand section of an embodiment of a steel staircase 1 with steel stringers 2 and intermediate steps 3, wherein the stringer 2 is designed to be load-bearing in two parts and a stringer cap support 6 of the two-part stringer 2 is shown spaced apart from the stringer base support 5 of the two-part stringer 2.

[0036] Out of Fig. Figure 1 shows a partial steel staircase 1 with two load-bearing, inclination-variable outer stringers 2 and stair treads 3 arranged between the stringers 2, the inclination of which can be varied about a preferably horizontal axis transverse to the staircase.

[0037] The stair treads 3 are connected to the stringers 2 by at least two fastening elements, preferably screw connections, each of which is not shown here, wherein the stringers 2 have at least two of each stair tread 3 made of Fig. 2 visible recesses 4 for receiving fastening elements.

[0038] As from Fig. 2. As can be seen, the cheeks 2 are designed as two-part load-bearing structures in the form of a steel cheek base beam 5 and a steel cheek cap beam 6, wherein the cheek cap beam 6 and the cheek base beam 5 run along the staircase as shown in Figure 2. Fig. 1 evident over several steps 3, overlapping on at least two opposite side surfaces 7 formed by first bends.

[0039] The cheek 2, which consists of cheek base support 5 and cheek cover support 6, has a substantially constant profile over at least three steps 3 and, moreover, over the entire flight of stairs.

[0040] Both the cheek base support 5 and the cheek cover support 6 each have two side surfaces 7 formed by first bends, which are oriented parallel to the stair run and extend over several stair steps 3.

[0041] Furthermore, the cheek cover support 6 has two right-angled second bends for forming side surfaces 8 and 9, which are not oriented parallel to the first bend for forming side surface 7. The width of the side surfaces 7, 8, 9 formed by the bends corresponds to the width of an end face of the cheek 2.

[0042] Furthermore from Fig. As can be seen in Figure 2, the cheek cover support 6 and the cheek base support 5 each have a U-profile and two overlapping side surfaces 7. Furthermore, the cheek cover support 6 and the cheek base support 5 overlap at their edge surfaces with the side surfaces 8 and 9 formed by chamfers.

[0043] Out of Fig. As can be seen, the stringer cover 6 extends beyond the height of the stringer base 5 beyond the height of its profile. This engagement occurs over a section along the flight of stairs comprising at least three steps 3. The stringer base 5 is engaged by the stringer cover 6 on at least two non-parallel, chamfered side surfaces 7, 8, 9.

[0044] Furthermore from Fig. 3 can be seen in a side surface 8 formed by a bend parallel to the exit step and a side surface 9 formed by a bend parallel to the lowest riser.

[0045] The cheek base support 5 and the cheek cover support 6 form a cavity closed at the top.

[0046] Fig. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a punching and folding pattern for producing a cheek cover support 6 from a sheet of steel. The cheek cover support 6 is essentially free of recesses 4. The cheek cover support 6 and the in Fig. 4 cheek base supports 5, not shown, but congruent in side profile to cheek cover support 6, extend straight over the entire stair run. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 4631880

[0007]

Claims

[1] Steel staircase (1) with two load-bearing, variable-incline outer stringers (2) and stair treads (3) arranged between the stringers (2), the inclination of which is variable about a preferably horizontal axis transverse to the flight of stairs, wherein the stair treads (3) are connected to the stringers (2) with at least two fastening elements, preferably screw connections, per stringer (2), and wherein the stringers (2) have at least two recesses (4) for receiving fastening elements per stair tread (3), characterized by , that the cheeks (2) are designed in two parts in the form of a steel cheek base beam (5) and a steel cheek cover beam (6), and the cheek cover beam (6) and the cheek base beam (5) overlap along the staircase over several steps (3) on at least two, in particular opposite, side surfaces. [2] Steel staircase (1) according to claim 1, characterized by, that the cheek base support (5) and / or the cheek cover support (6) have a side surface (7) oriented parallel to the stair run, formed by a first chamfer, which extends over several stair steps (3). [3] Steel staircase (1) according to claim 2, characterized by , that the cheek cover support (6) has a side surface (8), (9) formed by a second bend, which is not oriented parallel to the first side surface (7). [4] Steel staircase (1) according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized by , that the width of a side surface formed by a bend (7), (8), (9) corresponds to the width of an end surface of the cheek (2). [5] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the cheek cover support (6) encompasses the cheek base support (5) at least partially, in particular over a section of at least three steps (3) along the flight of stairs at least beyond the height of its profile. [6] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the cheek cover support (6) encompasses the cheek base support (5) on at least two non-parallel oriented side surfaces (7), (8), (9). [7] Steel staircase (1) according to claim 6, characterized by that a side surface (8) is oriented parallel to the exit step and / or a side surface (9) is oriented parallel to the lowest riser. [8] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that cheek cover support (6) and cheek base support (5) each have a U-profile and each have at least two, in particular three, and in particular four overlapping side surfaces (7), (8), (9). [9] Steel staircase (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that the cheek (2) made up of cheek base support (5) and cheek cover support (6) has a substantially constant profile over at least three steps (3), in particular over the entire flight of stairs. [10] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the cheek base support (5) and the cheek cover support (6) form a cavity, preferably closed at the top. [11] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the cheek cover support (6) is essentially free of recesses (4). [12] Steel staircase (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the cheek cover support (6) and cheek base support (5) extend in a straight line over the entire flight of stairs.

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